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Laboratory medicine plays a crucial role in patient care, contributing to approximately 70 % of clinical decisions. In collaboration with clinicians, laboratory medicine specialists perform analyses that are useful for diagnosis, screening and prevention. Laboratories are known for their efficiency, which is reached through a rigorous quality system. However, errors can occur, especially given the complexity of the total testing process. These errors may lead to severe consequences, such as incorrect diagnoses or delays in treatment. Errors can occur at every stage of the total testing process, those related to the pre-analytical phase being the most prevalent. To reduce medical errors related to laboratory processes, it is essential to provide training for medical and paramedical staff, optimize production automation, and leverage technological advancements. These considerations have led to the creation of a French Working Group on Sources of Errors in Laboratory Medicine, under the aegis of the French lean society of clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine (Société Française de Biologie Clinique - SFBC). The objectives of this working group are to produce an educational handbook on sources of errors in laboratory medicine, provide training for clinical chemists, and conducting applied research projects to better understand the mechanisms behind specific errors. Ultimately, the aim is to minimize errors and enhance the quality of laboratory tests.

Hemolysis should lead to changes in test results. Our study evaluated the impact of hemolysis on 26 blood measurements of stat biochemistry markers (sodium, potassium, chloride, urea, creatinine, glucose, total protein, calcium, magnesium, inorganic phosphorus, uric acid, C-reactive protein, total bilirubin, ASAT, ALAT, LDH, creatine kinase, alkaline phosphatase, γ glutamyl-transferase, lipase, alcohol, iron, β hCG, troponins, natriuretic peptides) determined with 13 different types of instruments in 17 hospital laboratories. Four pools of samples (collected from lithium heparin or EDTA or sodium fluoride tubes, according to the measured parameters) were overloaded with five increasing concentrations of whole blood lysate (final concentration from 0 to 2.000 mg/dL). Replication was performed for each assay, average values were calculated and differences between results with and without lysate were analyzed. A difference exceeding the square root of the sum of both squared analytic and biologic imprecisions for each analyte, was judged to be significant. Except homogeneous and expected impact of hemolysis on certain parameters like potassium, LDH... (due to their intra-erythrocyte concentration) a heterogeneous effect was found for other parameters, according to the analyzer and/or to the methodology. In summary, this study confirms the importance of mastering the measurement of the hemolysis and leads to several recommendations: (i) biologists should have a good knowledge of the impact of hemolysis on the measurements they perform, depending on their chosen analyzers; (ii) if an interference is noticed, it is recommended to add to the result a relevant comment and to check that the comment is properly edited in the laboratory computer software and appears on printed and transmitted results.