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2. Ultrafast spin-charge conversion at SnBi$_2$Te$_4$/Co topological insulator interfaces probed by terahertz emission spectroscopy

Author

Rongione, E., Fragkos, S., Baringthon, L., Hawecker, J., Xenogiannopoulou, E., Tsipas, P., Song, C., Micica, M., Mangeney, J., Tignon, J., Boulier, T., Reyren, N., Lebrun, R., George, J. -M., Lefèvre, P., Dhillon, S., Dimoulas, A., and Jaffres, H.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Spin-to-charge conversion (SCC) involving topological surface states (TSS) is one of the most promising routes for highly efficient spintronic devices for terahertz (THz) emission. Here, the THz generation generally occurs mainly via SCC consisting in efficient dynamical spin injection into spin-locked TSS. In this work, we demonstrate sizable THz emission from a nanometric thick topological insultator (TI)/ferromagnetic junction - SnBi$_2$Te$_4$/Co - specifically designed to avoid bulk band crossing with the TSS at the Fermi level, unlike its parent material Bi$_2$Te$_3$. THz emission time domain spectroscopy (TDS) is used to indicate the TSS contribution to the SCC by investigating the TI thickness and angular dependence of the THz emission. This work illustrates THz emission TDS as a powerful tool alongside angular resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) methods to investigate the interfacial spintronic properties of TI/ferromagnet bilayers., Comment: to appear in Advanced Optical materials (02/2022)

Published
2022
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3. Spintronic THz emitters based on transition metals and semi-metals/Pt multilayers

Author

Hawecker, J., Rongione, E., Markou, A., Krishnia, S., Godel, F., Collin, S., Lebrun, R., Tignon, J., Mangeney, J., Boulier, T., George, J. -M., Felser, C., Jaffrès, H., and Dhillon, S.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

Spintronic terahertz (THz) emitters (STE) based on the inverse spin Hall effect in ferromagnetic/heavy metal (FM/HM) heterostructures have become important sources for THz pulse generation. The design, materials and control of these interfaces at the nanometer level has become vital to engineer their THz emission properties.In this work, we present studies of the optimization of such structures through a multi-pronged approach, taking advantage of material and interface engineering to enhance the THz spintronic emission. This includes: the application of multi-stacks of HM/FM junctions and their application to trilayer structures, the use of spin-sinks to simultaneously enhance the THz emitted fields and reduce the use of thick Pt layers to reduce optical absorption, and the use of semi-metals to increase the spin polarization and thus the THz emission. Through these approaches, significant enhancements of the THz field can be achieved. Importantly, taking into account the optical absorption permits to elucidate novel phenomena such as the relation between the spin diffusion length and the spin-sink using THz spectroscopy, as well as possibly distinguishing between self and interface spin-to-charge conversion in semi-metals., Comment: submitted to Applied Physics Letters (2022)

Published
2022
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4. Dissipative phase transition with driving-controlled spatial dimension and diffusive boundary conditions

Author

Li, Z., Claude, F., Boulier, T., Giacobino, E., Glorieux, Q., Bramati, A., and Ciuti, C.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter, Physics - Optics
Abstract

We investigate theoretically and experimentally a first-order dissipative phase transition, with diffusive boundary conditions and the ability to tune the spatial dimension of the system. The considered physical system is a planar semiconductor microcavity in the strong light-matter coupling regime, where polariton excitations are injected by a quasi-resonant optical driving field. The spatial dimension of the system from 1D to 2D is tuned by designing the intensity profile of the driving field. We investigate the emergence of criticality by increasing the spatial size of the driven region. The system is nonlinear due to polariton-polariton interactions and the boundary conditions are diffusive because the polaritons can freely diffuse out of the driven region. We show that no phase transition occurs using a 1D driving geometry, while for a 2D geometry we do observe both in theory and experiments the emergence of a first-order phase transition., Comment: Final version published in PRL with Supplementary Material

Published
2021
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5. Polariton fluids for analogue gravity physics

Author

Jacquet, M. J., Boulier, T., Claude, F., Maitre, A., Cancellieri, E., Adrados, C., Amo, A., Pigeon, S., Glorieux, Q., Bramati, A., and Giacobino, E.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases, Quantum Physics
Abstract

Analogue gravity enables the study of fields on curved spacetimes in the laboratory. There are numerous experimental platforms in which amplification at the event horizon or the ergoregion has been observed. Here, we demonstrate how optically generating a defect in a polariton microcavity enables the creation of one- and two-dimensional, transsonic fluid flows. We show that this highly tuneable method permits the creation of sonic horizons. Furthermore, we present a rotating geometry akin to the water-wave bathtub vortex. These experiments usher-in the possibility of observing stimulated as well as spontaneous amplification by the Hawking, Penrose and Zeld'ovich effects in fluids of light., Comment: Accepted for publication in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: special issue on Analogue Gravity. V3 with some typos corrected and amended abstract

Published
2020
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6. Parametric instabilities in a 2D periodically-driven bosonic system: Beyond the weakly-interacting regime

Author

Boulier, T., Maslek, J., Bukov, M., Bracamontes, C., Magnan, E., Lellouch, S., Demler, E., Goldman, N., and Porto, J. V.

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases
Abstract

We experimentally investigate the effects of parametric instabilities on the short-time heating process of periodically-driven bosons in 2D optical lattices with a continuous transverse (tube) degree of freedom. We analyze three types of periodic drives: (i) linear along the x-lattice direction only, (ii) linear along the lattice diagonal, and (iii) circular in the lattice plane. In all cases, we demonstrate that the BEC decay is dominated by the emergence of unstable Bogoliubov modes, rather than scattering in higher Floquet bands, in agreement with recent theoretical predictions. The observed BEC depletion rates are much higher when shaking both along x and y directions, as opposed to only x or only y. This is understood as originating from the interaction-induced non-separability along the two lattice directions. We also report an explosion of the heating rates at large drive amplitudes, and suggest a phenomenological description beyond Bogoliubov theory. In this strongly-coupled regime, circular drives heat faster than diagonal drives, which illustrates the non-trivial dependence of the heating on the choice of drive.

Published
2018
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7. A low-steering piezo-driven mirror

Author

Magnan, E., Maslek, J., Bracamontes, C., Restelli, A., Boulier, T., and Porto, J. V.

Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract

We present a piezo-driven translatable mirror with excellent pointing stability, capable of driving at frequencies up to tens of kilohertz. Our system uses a tripod of piezo actuators with independently controllable drive voltages, where the ratios of the individual drive voltages are tuned to minimize residual tilting. Attached to a standard {\varnothing}= 12.7mm mirror, the system has a resonance-free mechanical bandwidth up to 51kHz, with displacements up to 2{\mu}m at 8kHz. The maximum static steering error is 5.5rad per micrometer displaced and the dynamic steering error is lower than 0.6rad/{\mu}m. This simple design should be useful for a large set of optical applications where tilt-free displacements are required, and we demonstrate its application in an ensemble of cold atoms trapped in periodically driven optical lattices.

Published
2018
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8. Spontaneous avalanche dephasing in large Rydberg ensembles

Author

Boulier, T., Magnan, E., Bracamontes, C., Maslek, J., Goldschmidt, E. A., Young, J. T., Gorshkov, A. V., Rolston, S. L., and Porto, J. V.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

Strong dipole-exchange interactions due to spontaneously produced contaminant states can trigger rapid dephasing in many-body Rydberg ensembles [E. Goldschmidt et al., PRL 116, 113001 (2016)]. Such broadening has serious implications for many proposals to coherently use Rydberg interactions, particularly Rydberg dressing proposals. The dephasing arises as a runaway process where the production of the first contaminant atoms facilitates the creation of more contaminant atoms. Here we study the time dependence of this process with stroboscopic approaches. Using a pump-probe technique, we create an excess "pump" Rydberg population and probe its effect with a different "probe" Rydberg transition. We observe a reduced resonant pumping rate and an enhancement of the excitation on both sides of the transition as atoms are added to the pump state. We also observe a timescale for population growth significantly shorter than predicted by homogeneous mean-field models, as expected from a clustered growth mechanism where high-order correlations dominate the dynamics. These results support earlier works and confirm that the time scale for the onset of dephasing is reduced by a factor which scales as the inverse of the atom number. In addition, we discuss several approaches to minimize these effects of spontaneous broadening, including stroboscopic techniques and operating at cryogenic temperatures. It is challenging to avoid the unwanted broadening effects, but under some conditions they can be mitigated., Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures

Published
2017
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9. Anomalous broadening in driven dissipative Rydberg systems

Author

Goldschmidt, E. A., Boulier, T., Brown, R. C., Koller, S. B., Young, J. T., Gorshkov, A. V., Rolston, S. L., and Porto, J. V.

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases
Abstract

We observe interaction-induced broadening of the two-photon 5s-18s transition in 87Rb atoms trapped in a 3D optical lattice. The measured linewidth increases by nearly two orders of magnitude with increasing atomic density and excitation strength, with corresponding suppression of resonant scattering and enhancement of off-resonant scattering. We attribute the increased linewidth to resonant dipole-dipole interactions of 18s atoms with spontaneously created populations of nearby np states. Over a range of initial atomic densities and excitation strengths, the transition width is described by a single function of the steady-state density of Rydberg atoms, and the observed resonant excitation rate corresponds to that of a two-level system with the measured, rather than natural, linewidth. The broadening mechanism observed here is likely to have negative implications for many proposals with coherently interacting Rydberg atoms., Comment: 5+3 pages

Published
2015
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10. Annular Vortex Chain in a Resonantly Pumped Polariton Superfluid

Author

Boulier, T., Terças, H., Solnyshkov, D. D., Glorieux, Q., Giacobino, E., Malpuech, G., and Bramati, A.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter, Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases, Quantum Physics
Abstract

We report the formation of a ring-shaped array of vortices after injection of angular momentum in a polariton superfluid. The angular momentum is injected by a $\ell= 8$ Laguerre-Gauss beam, whereas the global rotation of the fluid is hindered by a narrow Gaussian beam placed at its center. In the linear regime a spiral interference pattern containing phase defects is visible. In the nonlinear (superfluid) regime, the interference disappears and the vortices nucleate as a consequence of the angular momentum quantization. The radial position of the vortices evolves freely in the region between the two pumps as a function of the density. Hydrodynamic instabilities resulting in the spontaneous nucleation of vortex-antivortex pairs when the system size is sufficiently large confirm that the vortices are not constrained by interference when nonlinearities dominate the system., Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, submitted to PRL

Published
2014
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11. Half-solitons in a polariton quantum fluid behave like magnetic monopoles

Author

Hivet, R., Flayac, H., Solnyshkov, D. D., Tanese, D., Boulier, T., Andreoli, D., Giacobino, E., Bloch, J., Bramati, A., Malpuech, G., and Amo, A.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases
Abstract

Monopoles are magnetic charges, point-like sources of magnetic field. Contrary to electric charges they are absent in Maxwell's equations and have never been observed as fundamental particles. Quantum fluids such as spinor Bose-Einstein condensates have been predicted to show monopoles in the form of excitations combining phase and spin topologies. Thanks to its unique spin structure and the direct optical control of the fluid wavefunction, an ideal system to experimentally explore this phenomenon is a condensate of exciton-polaritons in a semiconductor microcavity. We use this system to create half-solitons, non-linear excitations with mixed spin-phase geometry. By tracking their trajectory, we demonstrate that half-solitons behave as monopoles, magnetic charges accelerated along an effective magnetic field present in the microcavity. The field-induced spatial separation of half-solitons of opposite charges opens the way to the generation of magnetic currents in a quantum fluid., Comment: 19 pages, includes Supplmentary Information

Published
2012
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14. Ultrafast Spin‐Charge Conversion at SnBi 2 Te 4 /Co Topological Insulator Interfaces Probed by Terahertz Emission Spectroscopy

Author

Rongione, E., primary, Fragkos, S., additional, Baringthon, L., additional, Hawecker, J., additional, Xenogiannopoulou, E., additional, Tsipas, P., additional, Song, C., additional, Mičica, M., additional, Mangeney, J., additional, Tignon, J., additional, Boulier, T., additional, Reyren, N., additional, Lebrun, R., additional, George, J.‐M., additional, Le Fèvre, P., additional, Dhillon, S., additional, Dimoulas, A., additional, and Jaffrès, H., additional

Published
2022
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15. Fluids of light for analogue gravity physics

Author

Jacquet, M.J., Claude, F., Maitre, A., Boulier, T., Cancellieri, E., Adrados, C., Amo, A., Pigeon, S., Glorieux, Q., Bramati, A., Giacobino, E., Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB [Collège de France]), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Collège de France (CdF)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph]
Abstract

Analogue gravity enables the study of fields on curved spacetimes in the laboratory. While there are numerous experimental platforms in which classical amplification (at the event horizon or the ergoregion) has been observed, there is a dearth of experimental evidence for quantum emission. Fortunately, horizons in fluids of light are predicted to emit Hawking radiation with a clear quantum correlation signature. Here, we demonstrate how optically generating a defect in a polariton microcavity enables the creation of one- and two-dimensional, transsonic fluids flows. We show that this highly tuneable method permits the creation of horizons. Furthermore, we present a rotating geometry with an ergoregion and an inner horizon. These experiments usher-in the possibility of observing stimulated as well as spontaneous amplification by the Hawking, Penrose and Zeld'ovich effects.

Published
2020

16. Polariton fluids for analogue gravity physics

Author

Jacquet, M. J., primary, Boulier, T., additional, Claude, F., additional, Maître, A., additional, Cancellieri, E., additional, Adrados, C., additional, Amo, A., additional, Pigeon, S., additional, Glorieux, Q., additional, Bramati, A., additional, and Giacobino, E., additional

Published
2020
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17. Ultrafast Spin‐Charge Conversion at SnBi2Te4/Co Topological Insulator Interfaces Probed by Terahertz Emission Spectroscopy.

Author

Rongione, E., Fragkos, S., Baringthon, L., Hawecker, J., Xenogiannopoulou, E., Tsipas, P., Song, C., Mičica, M., Mangeney, J., Tignon, J., Boulier, T., Reyren, N., Lebrun, R., George, J.‐M., Le Fèvre, P., Dhillon, S., Dimoulas, A., and Jaffrès, H.

Subjects
TOPOLOGICAL insulators, EMISSION spectroscopy, PHOTOELECTRON spectroscopy, SPINTRONICS, SURFACE states
Abstract

Spin‐to‐charge conversion (SCC) involving topological surface states (TSS) is one of the most promising routes for highly efficient spintronic devices for terahertz (THz) emission. Here, the THz generation generally occurs mainly via SCC consisting in efficient dynamical spin injection into spin‐locked TSS. In this work, sizable THz emission from a nanometric thick topological insulator (TI)/ferromagnetic junction—SnBi2Te4/Co—specifically designed to avoid bulk band crossing with the TSS at the Fermi level, unlike its parent material Bi2Te3 is demonstrated. THz emission time domain spectroscopy (TDS) is used to indicate the TSS contribution to the SCC by investigating the TI thickness and angular dependence of the THz emission. This work illustrates THz emission TDS as a powerful tool alongside angular resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) methods to investigate the interfacial spintronic properties of TI/ferromagnet bilayers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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21. Parametric Heating in a 2D Periodically Driven Bosonic System: Beyond the Weakly Interacting Regime

Author

Boulier, T., Maslek, J., Bukov, Marin, Bracamontes, C., Magnan, Eric, Lellouch, Samuel, Demler, Eugene, Goldman, Nathan, Porto, James J.V., Boulier, T., Maslek, J., Bukov, Marin, Bracamontes, C., Magnan, Eric, Lellouch, Samuel, Demler, Eugene, Goldman, Nathan, and Porto, James J.V.

Abstract

We experimentally investigate the effects of parametric instabilities on the short-time heating process of periodically driven bosons in 2D optical lattices with a continuous transverse (tube) degree of freedom. We analyze three types of periodic drives: (i) linear along the x-lattice direction only, (ii) linear along the lattice diagonal, and (iii) circular in the lattice plane. In all cases, we demonstrate that the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) decay is dominated by the emergence of unstable Bogoliubov modes, rather than scattering in higher Floquet bands, in agreement with recent theoretical predictions. The observed BEC depletion rates are much higher when shaking along both the x and y directions, as opposed to only x or only y. We also report an explosion of the decay rates at large drive amplitudes and suggest a phenomenological description beyond the Bogoliubov theory. In this strongly coupled regime, circular drives heat faster than diagonal drives, which illustrates the nontrivial dependence of the heating on the choice of drive., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2019

24. Use of brain diffusion tensor imaging for the prediction of long-term neurological outcomes in patients after cardiac arrest: a multicentre, international, prospective, observational, cohort study

Author

Velly, L, Perlbarg, V, Boulier, T, Adam, N, Delphine, S, Luyt, C, Battisti, V, Torkomian, G, Arbelot, C, Chabanne, R, Jean, B, Di Perri, C, Laureys, S, Citerio, G, Vargiolu, A, Rohaut, B, Bruder, N, Girard, N, Silva, S, Cottenceau, V, Tourdias, T, Coulon, O, Riou, B, Naccache, L, Gupta, R, Benali, H, Galanaud, D, Puybasset, L, Constantin, J, Chastre, J, Amour, J, Vezinet, C, Rouby, J, Raux, M, Langeron, O, Degos, V, Bolgert, F, Weiss, N, Similowski, T, Demoule, A, Duguet, A, Tollard, E, Veber, B, Lotterie, J, Sanchez Pena, P, Génestal, M, Patassini, M, Luyt, CE, Constantin, JM, Rouby, JJ, Lotterie, JA, Velly, L, Perlbarg, V, Boulier, T, Adam, N, Delphine, S, Luyt, C, Battisti, V, Torkomian, G, Arbelot, C, Chabanne, R, Jean, B, Di Perri, C, Laureys, S, Citerio, G, Vargiolu, A, Rohaut, B, Bruder, N, Girard, N, Silva, S, Cottenceau, V, Tourdias, T, Coulon, O, Riou, B, Naccache, L, Gupta, R, Benali, H, Galanaud, D, Puybasset, L, Constantin, J, Chastre, J, Amour, J, Vezinet, C, Rouby, J, Raux, M, Langeron, O, Degos, V, Bolgert, F, Weiss, N, Similowski, T, Demoule, A, Duguet, A, Tollard, E, Veber, B, Lotterie, J, Sanchez Pena, P, Génestal, M, Patassini, M, Luyt, CE, Constantin, JM, Rouby, JJ, and Lotterie, JA

Abstract

Background: Prediction of neurological outcome after cardiac arrest is a major challenge. The aim of this study was to assess whether quantitative whole-brain white matter fractional anisotropy (WWM-FA) measured by diffusion tensor imaging between day 7 and day 28 after cardiac arrest can predict long-term neurological outcome. Methods: This prospective, observational, cohort study (part of the MRI-COMA study) was done in 14 centres in France, Italy, and Belgium. We enrolled patients aged 18 years or older who had been unconscious for at least 7 days after cardiac arrest into the derivation cohort. The following year, we recruited the validation cohort on the same basis. We also recruited a minimum of five healthy volunteers at each centre for the normalisation procedure. WWM-FA values were compared with standard criteria for unfavourable outcome, conventional MRI sequences (fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and diffusion-weighted imaging), and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The primary outcome was the best achieved Glasgow-Pittsburgh Cerebral Performance Categories (CPC) at 6 months, dichotomised as favourable (CPC 1–2) and unfavourable outcome (CPC 3–5). Prognostication performance was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and compared between groups. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00577954. Findings: Between Oct 1, 2006, and June 30, 2014, 185 patients were enrolled in the derivation cohort, of whom 150 had an interpretable multimodal MRI and were included in the analysis. 33 (22%) patients had a favourable neurological outcome at 6 months. Prognostic accuracy, as quantified by the area under the ROC curve, was significantly higher with the normalised WWM-FA value (area under the ROC curve 0·95, 95% CI 0·91–0·98) than with the standard criteria for unfavourable outcome or other MRI sequences. In a subsequent validation cohort of 50 patients (enrolled between April 1, 2015, and March

Published
2018

34. Quantum coherence in polariton fluids

Author

Amo, A., primary, Ballarini, D., additional, Boulier, T., additional, Cancellieri, E., additional, Hivet, R., additional, Sanvitto, D., additional, Pigeon, S., additional, Houdré, R., additional, Ciuti, C., additional, Carusotto, I., additional, Bramati, A., additional, and Giacobino, E., additional

Published
2013
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37. Quantum coherence in polariton fluids

Author

Amo, A., Ballarini, D., Boulier, T., Cancellieri, E., Hivet, R., Sanvitto, D., Simon Pigeon, Houdré, R., Ciuti, C., Carusotto, I., Bramati, A., and Giacobino, E.

Subjects
Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Physics, Quantum optics, Quantum fluid, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter::Other, Quantum noise, Physics::Optics, Photodetection, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Optical microcavity, law.invention, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, law, Polariton, Quantum well, Coherence (physics)
Abstract

Exciton-polaritons are composite bosons (exciton-photon mixtures) in semiconductor microcavities. Relying on their strong interactions, we have demonstrated quantum optical effects in the microcavity emission, as well as quantum fluid properties in the polariton propagation.

38. Observation of oblique half-solitons in polariton superfluids.

Author

Hivet, R., Flayac, H., Tanese, D., Boulier, T., Andreoli, D., Bloch, J., Solnyshkov, D., Malpuech, G., Amo, A., Giacobino, E., and Bramati, A.

Abstract

We report the observation of oblique dark half solitons in a polariton superfluid. These topological excitations exhibit specific phase and polarization properties and they behave as magnetic monopoles in an effective magnetic field. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2012

39. Use of brain diffusion tensor imaging for the prediction of long-term neurological outcomes in patients after cardiac arrest: a multicentre, international, prospective, observational, cohort study

Author

Velly, Lionel, Perlbarg, Vincent, Boulier, Thomas, Adam, Nicolas, Delphine, Sebastien, Luyt, Charles-Edouard, Battisti, Valentine, Torkomian, Gregory, Arbelot, Charlotte, Chabanne, Russell, Jean, Betty, Di Perri, Carol, Laureys, Steven, Citerio, Giuseppe, Vargiolu, Alessia, Rohaut, Benjamin, Bruder, Nicolas, Girard, Nadine, Silva, Stein, Cottenceau, Vincent, Tourdias, Thomas, Coulon, Olivier, Riou, Bruno, Naccache, Lionel, Gupta, Rajiv, Benali, Habib, Galanaud, Damien, Puybasset, Louis, Constantin, Jean, Chastre, Jean, Amour, Julien, Vezinet, Corine, Rouby, Jean-Jacques, Raux, Mathieu, Langeron, Olivier, Degos, Vincent, Bolgert, Francis, Weiss, Nicolas, Similowski, Thomas, Demoule, Alexandre, Duguet, Alexandre, Tollard, Eléonore, Veber, Benoit, Lotterie, Jean-Albert, Sanchez-Pena, Paola, Genestal, Michèle, Patassini, Mirko, Meng, Delphine, Md, Galanaud, Meng, Torkomian, Adam, N, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale (LIB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP]-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Coma Science Group [Liege], Université de Liège, Neurointensive Care Unit, Ospedale S. Gerardo, Bicocca (University of Milan), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimation [Toulouse], Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Service de Réanimation Médicale [CHU Bordeaux], CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Hôpital Pellegrin, Neuroinflammation: imagerie et thérapie de la sclérose en plaques, Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Institute of cardiometabolism and nutrition (ICAN), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Imagerie médicale et quantitative, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Velly, L, Perlbarg, V, Boulier, T, Adam, N, Delphine, S, Luyt, C, Battisti, V, Torkomian, G, Arbelot, C, Chabanne, R, Jean, B, Di Perri, C, Laureys, S, Citerio, G, Vargiolu, A, Rohaut, B, Bruder, N, Girard, N, Silva, S, Cottenceau, V, Tourdias, T, Coulon, O, Riou, B, Naccache, L, Gupta, R, Benali, H, Galanaud, D, Puybasset, L, Constantin, J, Chastre, J, Amour, J, Vezinet, C, Rouby, J, Raux, M, Langeron, O, Degos, V, Bolgert, F, Weiss, N, Similowski, T, Demoule, A, Duguet, A, Tollard, E, Veber, B, Lotterie, J, Sanchez Pena, P, Génestal, M, Patassini, M, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Laboratoire d'Imagerie Fonctionnelle (LIF), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IFR14-IFR49-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Département de Mathématiques et Applications - ENS Paris (DMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Troubles du comportement alimentaire de l'adolescent (UMR_S 669), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Dept. of Neurological and Behavioural Sciences, Siena, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Réanimation Polyvalente, Service d’Anesthésie Réanimation, Service d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation 1, CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Groupe hospitalier Pellegrin, Laboratoire d'Anesthésiologie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics [Pune] (IUCAA), Service de Neuroradiologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Neuropsycho-pharmacologie expérimentale, Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de cardiologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Service de Cardiologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Neuroprotection du Cerveau en Développement / Promoting Research Oriented Towards Early Cns Therapies (PROTECT), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Robert Debré-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Université Nice Sophia Antipolis - Faculté de Médecine (UNS UFR Médecine), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Médicale [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière] (Département ' R3S '), Service d'imagerie médicale [CHU Rouen], Hôpital Charles Nicolle [Rouen]-CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Service de réanimation médicale [CHU Rouen], Toulouse Neuro Imaging Center (ToNIC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Réanimation, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Purpan, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Research Unit on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases (ICAN), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Anesthésie Réanimation [CHU de Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale [Paris] (LIB), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Hôpital Charles Nicolle [Rouen], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Rouen, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), and Service de neurologie 1 [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière]

Subjects
Adult, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Sensitivity and Specificity, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Belgium, Predictive Value of Tests, Fractional anisotropy, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Aged, Receiver operating characteristic, medicine.diagnostic_test, [SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, business.industry, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Brain, [SDV.NEU.SC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences, Electroencephalography, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, Magnetic resonance imaging, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Heart Arrest, Cardiac arrest, MRI, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Treatment Outcome, Italy, Predictive value of tests, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Female, Observational study, France, Neurology (clinical), Nervous System Diseases, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Diffusion MRI, Cohort study
Abstract

Summary Background Prediction of neurological outcome after cardiac arrest is a major challenge. The aim of this study was to assess whether quantitative whole-brain white matter fractional anisotropy (WWM-FA) measured by diffusion tensor imaging between day 7 and day 28 after cardiac arrest can predict long-term neurological outcome. Methods This prospective, observational, cohort study (part of the MRI-COMA study) was done in 14 centres in France, Italy, and Belgium. We enrolled patients aged 18 years or older who had been unconscious for at least 7 days after cardiac arrest into the derivation cohort. The following year, we recruited the validation cohort on the same basis. We also recruited a minimum of five healthy volunteers at each centre for the normalisation procedure. WWM-FA values were compared with standard criteria for unfavourable outcome, conventional MRI sequences (fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and diffusion-weighted imaging), and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The primary outcome was the best achieved Glasgow-Pittsburgh Cerebral Performance Categories (CPC) at 6 months, dichotomised as favourable (CPC 1–2) and unfavourable outcome (CPC 3–5). Prognostication performance was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and compared between groups. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00577954. Findings Between Oct 1, 2006, and June 30, 2014, 185 patients were enrolled in the derivation cohort, of whom 150 had an interpretable multimodal MRI and were included in the analysis. 33 (22%) patients had a favourable neurological outcome at 6 months. Prognostic accuracy, as quantified by the area under the ROC curve, was significantly higher with the normalised WWM-FA value (area under the ROC curve 0·95, 95% CI 0·91–0·98) than with the standard criteria for unfavourable outcome or other MRI sequences. In a subsequent validation cohort of 50 patients (enrolled between April 1, 2015, and March 31, 2016), a normalised WWM-FA value lower than 0·91, set from the derivation cohort, had a negative predictive value of 71·4% (95% CI 41·9–91·6) and a positive predictive value of 100% (90·0–100), with 89·7% sensitivity (75·8–97·1) and 100% specificity (69·1–100) for the prediction of unfavourable outcome. Interpretation In patients who are unconscious 7 days after cardiac arrest, the normalised WWM-FA value, measured by diffusion tensor imaging, could be used to accurately predict neurological outcome at 6 months. This evidence requires confirmation from future large-scale trials with a strict protocol of withdrawal or limitation-of-care decisions and time window for MRI. Funding French Ministry of Health, French National Agency for Research, Italian Ministry of Health, and Regione Lombardia.

Published
2018
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40. Self-Kerr Effect across the Yellow Rydberg Series of Excitons in Cu_{2}O.

Author

Morin C, Tignon J, Mangeney J, Dhillon S, Czajkowski G, Karpiński K, Zielińska-Raczyńska S, Ziemkiewicz D, and Boulier T

Abstract

We investigate the nonlinear refraction induced by Rydberg excitons in Cu_{2}O. Using a high-precision interferometry imaging technique that spatially resolves the nonlinear phase shift, we observe significant shifts at extremely low laser intensity near each exciton resonance. From this, we derive the nonlinear index n_{2}, present the n_{2} spectrum for principal quantum numbers n≥5, and report large n_{2} values of order 10^{-3}  mm^{2}/mW. Moreover, we observe a rapid saturation of the Kerr nonlinearity and find that the saturation intensity I_{sat} decreases as n^{-7}. We explain this with the Rydberg blockade mechanism, whereby giant Rydberg interactions limit the exciton density, resulting in a maximum phase shift of 0.5 rad in our setup.

Published
2022
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41. Ultra-broadband THz pulses with electric field amplitude exceeding 100 kV/cm at a 200 kHz repetition rate.

Author

Nilforoushan N, Apretna T, Song C, Boulier T, Tignon J, Dhillon S, Hanna M, and Mangeney J

Abstract

We demonstrate a table-top source delivering ultra-broadband THz pulses with electric field strength exceeding 100 kV/cm at a repetition rate of 200 kHz. The source is based on optical rectification of 23 fs pulses at 1030 nm delivered by a ytterbium-doped fiber laser followed by a nonlinear temporal compression stage. We generate THz pulses with a conversion efficiency of up to 0.11 % with a spectrum extending to 11 THz using a 1 mm thick GaP crystal and a conversion efficiency of 0.016 % with a spectrum extending to 30 THz using a 30 µm thick GaSe crystal. The essential features of the emitted THz pulse spectra are well captured by simulations of the optical rectification process relying on coupled nonlinear equations. Our ultrafast laser-based source uniquely satisfies an important requirement of nonlinear THz experiments, namely the emission of ultra-broadband THz pulses with high electric field amplitudes at high repetition rates, opening a route towards nonlinear time-resolved THz experiments with high signal-to-noise ratios.

Published
2022
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42. Dissipative Phase Transition with Driving-Controlled Spatial Dimension and Diffusive Boundary Conditions.

Author

Li Z, Claude F, Boulier T, Giacobino E, Glorieux Q, Bramati A, and Ciuti C

Abstract

We investigate theoretically and experimentally a first-order dissipative phase transition, with diffusive boundary conditions and the ability to tune the spatial dimension of the system. The considered physical system is a planar semiconductor microcavity in the strong light-matter coupling regime, where polariton excitations are injected by a quasiresonant optical driving field. The spatial dimension of the system from 1D to 2D is tuned by designing the intensity profile of the driving field. We investigate the emergence of criticality by increasing the spatial size of the driven region. The system is nonlinear due to polariton-polariton interactions and the boundary conditions are diffusive because the polaritons can freely diffuse out of the driven region. We show that no phase transition occurs using a 1D driving geometry, while for a 2D geometry we do observe both in theory and experiments the emergence of a first-order phase transition. The demonstrated technique allows all-optical and in situ control of the system geometry, providing a versatile platform for exploring the many-body physics of photons.

Published
2022
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43. Use of brain diffusion tensor imaging for the prediction of long-term neurological outcomes in patients after cardiac arrest: a multicentre, international, prospective, observational, cohort study.

Author

Velly L, Perlbarg V, Boulier T, Adam N, Delphine S, Luyt CE, Battisti V, Torkomian G, Arbelot C, Chabanne R, Jean B, Di Perri C, Laureys S, Citerio G, Vargiolu A, Rohaut B, Bruder N, Girard N, Silva S, Cottenceau V, Tourdias T, Coulon O, Riou B, Naccache L, Gupta R, Benali H, Galanaud D, and Puybasset L

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Belgium, Brain physiopathology, Electroencephalography, Female, France, Heart Arrest complications, Heart Arrest physiopathology, Humans, Italy, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Middle Aged, Nervous System Diseases etiology, Nervous System Diseases physiopathology, Predictive Value of Tests, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Sensitivity and Specificity, Treatment Outcome, Brain diagnostic imaging, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Heart Arrest diagnostic imaging, Nervous System Diseases diagnostic imaging
Abstract

Background: Prediction of neurological outcome after cardiac arrest is a major challenge. The aim of this study was to assess whether quantitative whole-brain white matter fractional anisotropy (WWM-FA) measured by diffusion tensor imaging between day 7 and day 28 after cardiac arrest can predict long-term neurological outcome., Methods: This prospective, observational, cohort study (part of the MRI-COMA study) was done in 14 centres in France, Italy, and Belgium. We enrolled patients aged 18 years or older who had been unconscious for at least 7 days after cardiac arrest into the derivation cohort. The following year, we recruited the validation cohort on the same basis. We also recruited a minimum of five healthy volunteers at each centre for the normalisation procedure. WWM-FA values were compared with standard criteria for unfavourable outcome, conventional MRI sequences (fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and diffusion-weighted imaging), and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The primary outcome was the best achieved Glasgow-Pittsburgh Cerebral Performance Categories (CPC) at 6 months, dichotomised as favourable (CPC 1-2) and unfavourable outcome (CPC 3-5). Prognostication performance was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and compared between groups. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00577954., Findings: Between Oct 1, 2006, and June 30, 2014, 185 patients were enrolled in the derivation cohort, of whom 150 had an interpretable multimodal MRI and were included in the analysis. 33 (22%) patients had a favourable neurological outcome at 6 months. Prognostic accuracy, as quantified by the area under the ROC curve, was significantly higher with the normalised WWM-FA value (area under the ROC curve 0·95, 95% CI 0·91-0·98) than with the standard criteria for unfavourable outcome or other MRI sequences. In a subsequent validation cohort of 50 patients (enrolled between April 1, 2015, and March 31, 2016), a normalised WWM-FA value lower than 0·91, set from the derivation cohort, had a negative predictive value of 71·4% (95% CI 41·9-91·6) and a positive predictive value of 100% (90·0-100), with 89·7% sensitivity (75·8-97·1) and 100% specificity (69·1-100) for the prediction of unfavourable outcome., Interpretation: In patients who are unconscious 7 days after cardiac arrest, the normalised WWM-FA value, measured by diffusion tensor imaging, could be used to accurately predict neurological outcome at 6 months. This evidence requires confirmation from future large-scale trials with a strict protocol of withdrawal or limitation-of-care decisions and time window for MRI., Funding: French Ministry of Health, French National Agency for Research, Italian Ministry of Health, and Regione Lombardia., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2018
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44. Mathematical modelling of the electric sense of fish: the role of multi-frequency measurements and movement.

Author

Ammari H, Boulier T, Garnier J, and Wang H

Subjects
Animals, Biosensing Techniques, Algorithms, Biomimetics, Electric Fish physiology, Electric Organ physiology, Models, Biological, Movement physiology
Abstract

Understanding active electrolocation in weakly electric fish remains a challenging issue. In this article we propose a mathematical formulation of this problem, in terms of partial differential equations. This allows us to detail two algorithms: one for localizing a target using the multi-frequency aspect of the signal, and another one for identifying the shape of this target. Shape recognition is designed in a machine learning point of view, and takes advantage of both the multi-frequency setup and the movement of the fish around its prey. Numerical simulations are shown for the computation of the electric field emitted and sensed by the fish; they are then used as an input for the two algorithms.

Published
2017
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45. Shape recognition and classification in electro-sensing.

Author

Ammari H, Boulier T, Garnier J, and Wang H

Subjects
Animals, Behavior, Animal physiology, Electric Organ physiology, Electromagnetic Phenomena, Electrophysiological Phenomena, Form Perception physiology, Models, Statistical, Spatial Behavior physiology, Electric Fish physiology
Abstract

This paper aims at advancing the field of electro-sensing. It exhibits physical mechanisms underlying shape perception for weakly electric fish. These fish orient themselves at night in complete darkness by using their active electrolocation system. They generate a stable, relatively high-frequency, weak electric field and perceive the transdermal potential modulations caused by a nearby target with different electromagnetic properties than the surrounding water. The main result of this paper is a scheme that explains how weakly electric fish might identify and classify a target, knowing in advance that the latter belongs to a certain collection of shapes. The scheme is designed to recognize living biological organisms. It exploits the frequency dependence of the electromagnetic properties of living organisms, which comes from the capacitive effects generated by the cell membrane structure. When measurements are taken at multiple frequencies, the fish might use the spectral content of the perceived transdermal potential modulations to classify the living target.

Published
2014
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