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4 results on '"Boughton, E. H. (Elizabeth H.)"'

1. Evolutionary history of grazing and resources determine herbivore exclusion effects on plant diversity

Author

Price, J. N. (Jodi N.), Sitters, J. (Judith), Ohlert, T. (Timothy), Tognetti, P. M. (Pedro M.), Brown, C. S. (Cynthia S.), Seabloom, E. W. (Eric W.), Borer, E. T. (Elizabeth T.), Prober, S. M. (Suzanne M.), Bakker, E. S. (Elisabeth S.), MacDougall, A. S. (Andrew S.), Yahdjian, L. (Laura), Gruner, D. S. (Daniel S.), Olde Venterink, H. (Harry), Barrio, I. C. (Isabel C.), Graff, P. (Pamela), Bagchi, S. (Sumanta), Arnillas, C. A. (Carlos Alberto), Bakker, J. D. (Jonathan D.), Blumenthal, D. M. (Dana M.), Boughton, E. H. (Elizabeth H.), Brudvig, L. A. (Lars A.), Bugalho, M. N. (Miguel N.), Cadotte, M. W. (Marc W.), Caldeira, M. C. (Maria C.), Dickman, C. R. (Chris R.), Donohue, I. (Ian), Grégory, S. (Sonnier), Hautier, Y. (Yann), Jónsdóttir, I. S. (Ingibjörg S.), Lannes, L. S. (Luciola S.), McCulley, R. L. (Rebecca L.), Moore, J. L. (Joslin L.), Power, S. A. (Sally A.), Risch, A. C. (Anita C.), Schütz, M. (Martin), Standish, R. (Rachel), Stevens, C. J. (Carly J.), Veen, G. F. (G. F.), Virtanen, R. (Risto), Wardle, G. M. (Glenda M.), Price, J. N. (Jodi N.), Sitters, J. (Judith), Ohlert, T. (Timothy), Tognetti, P. M. (Pedro M.), Brown, C. S. (Cynthia S.), Seabloom, E. W. (Eric W.), Borer, E. T. (Elizabeth T.), Prober, S. M. (Suzanne M.), Bakker, E. S. (Elisabeth S.), MacDougall, A. S. (Andrew S.), Yahdjian, L. (Laura), Gruner, D. S. (Daniel S.), Olde Venterink, H. (Harry), Barrio, I. C. (Isabel C.), Graff, P. (Pamela), Bagchi, S. (Sumanta), Arnillas, C. A. (Carlos Alberto), Bakker, J. D. (Jonathan D.), Blumenthal, D. M. (Dana M.), Boughton, E. H. (Elizabeth H.), Brudvig, L. A. (Lars A.), Bugalho, M. N. (Miguel N.), Cadotte, M. W. (Marc W.), Caldeira, M. C. (Maria C.), Dickman, C. R. (Chris R.), Donohue, I. (Ian), Grégory, S. (Sonnier), Hautier, Y. (Yann), Jónsdóttir, I. S. (Ingibjörg S.), Lannes, L. S. (Luciola S.), McCulley, R. L. (Rebecca L.), Moore, J. L. (Joslin L.), Power, S. A. (Sally A.), Risch, A. C. (Anita C.), Schütz, M. (Martin), Standish, R. (Rachel), Stevens, C. J. (Carly J.), Veen, G. F. (G. F.), Virtanen, R. (Risto), and Wardle, G. M. (Glenda M.)

Abstract

Ecological models predict that the effects of mammalian herbivore exclusion on plant diversity depend on resource availability and plant exposure to ungulate grazing over evolutionary time. Using an experiment replicated in 57 grasslands on six continents, with contrasting evolutionary history of grazing, we tested how resources (mean annual precipitation and soil nutrients) determine herbivore exclusion effects on plant diversity, richness and evenness. Here we show that at sites with a long history of ungulate grazing, herbivore exclusion reduced plant diversity by reducing both richness and evenness and the responses of richness and diversity to herbivore exclusion decreased with mean annual precipitation. At sites with a short history of grazing, the effects of herbivore exclusion were not related to precipitation but differed for native and exotic plant richness. Thus, plant species’ evolutionary history of grazing continues to shape the response of the world’s grasslands to changing mammalian herbivory.

Published
2022

2. Species loss due to nutrient addition increases with spatial scale in global grasslands

Author

Seabloom, E. W. (Eric W.), Batzer, E. (Evan), Chase, J. M. (Jonathan M.), Harpole, W. S. (W. Stanley), Adler, P. B. (Peter B.), Bagchi, S. (Sumanta), Bakker, J. D. (Jonathan D.), Barrio, I. C. (Isabel C.), Biederman, L. (Lori), Boughton, E. H. (Elizabeth H.), Bugalho, M. N. (Miguel N.), Caldeira, M. C. (Maria C.), Catford, J. A. (Jane A.), Daleo, P. (Pedro), Eisenhauer, N. (Nico), Eskelinen, A. (Anu), Haider, S. (Sylvia), Hallett, L. M. (Lauren M.), Jónsdóttir, I. S. (Ingibjörg Svala), Kimmel, K. (Kaitlin), Kuhlman, M. (Marirose), MacDougall, A. (Andrew), Molina, C. D. (Cecilia D.), Moore, J. L. (Joslin L.), Morgan, J. W. (John W.), Muthukrishnan, R. (Ranjan), Ohlert, T. (Timothy), Risch, A. C. (Anita C.), Roscher, C. (Christiane), Schütz, M. (Martin), Sonnier, G. (Grégory), Tognetti, P. M. (Pedro M.), Virtanen, R. (Risto), Wilfahrt, P. A. (Peter A.), Borer, E. T. (Elizabeth T.), Seabloom, E. W. (Eric W.), Batzer, E. (Evan), Chase, J. M. (Jonathan M.), Harpole, W. S. (W. Stanley), Adler, P. B. (Peter B.), Bagchi, S. (Sumanta), Bakker, J. D. (Jonathan D.), Barrio, I. C. (Isabel C.), Biederman, L. (Lori), Boughton, E. H. (Elizabeth H.), Bugalho, M. N. (Miguel N.), Caldeira, M. C. (Maria C.), Catford, J. A. (Jane A.), Daleo, P. (Pedro), Eisenhauer, N. (Nico), Eskelinen, A. (Anu), Haider, S. (Sylvia), Hallett, L. M. (Lauren M.), Jónsdóttir, I. S. (Ingibjörg Svala), Kimmel, K. (Kaitlin), Kuhlman, M. (Marirose), MacDougall, A. (Andrew), Molina, C. D. (Cecilia D.), Moore, J. L. (Joslin L.), Morgan, J. W. (John W.), Muthukrishnan, R. (Ranjan), Ohlert, T. (Timothy), Risch, A. C. (Anita C.), Roscher, C. (Christiane), Schütz, M. (Martin), Sonnier, G. (Grégory), Tognetti, P. M. (Pedro M.), Virtanen, R. (Risto), Wilfahrt, P. A. (Peter A.), and Borer, E. T. (Elizabeth T.)

Abstract

The effects of altered nutrient supplies and herbivore density on species diversity vary with spatial scale, because coexistence mechanisms are scale dependent. This scale dependence may alter the shape of the species–area relationship (SAR), which can be described by changes in species richness (S) as a power function of the sample area (A): S = cAz, where c and z are constants. We analysed the effects of experimental manipulations of nutrient supply and herbivore density on species richness across a range of scales (0.01–75 m²) at 30 grasslands in 10 countries. We found that nutrient addition reduced the number of species that could co-occur locally, indicated by the SAR intercepts (log c), but did not affect the SAR slopes (z). As a result, proportional species loss due to nutrient enrichment was largely unchanged across sampling scales, whereas total species loss increased over threefold across our range of sampling scales.

Published
2021

3. Opposing community assembly patterns for dominant and nondominant plant species in herbaceous ecosystems globally

Author

Arnillas, C. A. (Carlos Alberto), Borer, E. T. (Elizabeth T.), Seabloom, E. W. (Eric W.), Alberti, J. (Juan), Baez, S. (Selene), Bakker, J. D. (Jonathan D.), Boughton, E. H. (Elizabeth H.), Buckley, Y. M. (Yvonne M.), Bugalho, M. N. (Miguel Nuno), Donohue, I. (Ian), Dwyer, J. (John), Firn, J. (Jennifer), Gridzak, R. (Riley), Hagenah, N. (Nicole), Hautier, Y. (Yann), Helm, A. (Aveliina), Jentsch, A. (Anke), Knops, J. M. (Johannes M. H.), Komatsu, K. J. (Kimberly J.), Laanisto, L. (Lauri), Laungani, R. (Ramesh), McCulley, R. (Rebecca), Moore, J. L. (Joslin L.), Morgan, J. W. (John W.), Peri, P. L. (Pablo Luis), Power, S. A. (Sally A.), Price, J. (Jodi), Sankaran, M. (Mahesh), Schamp, B. (Brandon), Speziale, K. (Karina), Standish, R. (Rachel), Virtanen, R. (Risto), Cadotte, M. W. (Marc W.), Arnillas, C. A. (Carlos Alberto), Borer, E. T. (Elizabeth T.), Seabloom, E. W. (Eric W.), Alberti, J. (Juan), Baez, S. (Selene), Bakker, J. D. (Jonathan D.), Boughton, E. H. (Elizabeth H.), Buckley, Y. M. (Yvonne M.), Bugalho, M. N. (Miguel Nuno), Donohue, I. (Ian), Dwyer, J. (John), Firn, J. (Jennifer), Gridzak, R. (Riley), Hagenah, N. (Nicole), Hautier, Y. (Yann), Helm, A. (Aveliina), Jentsch, A. (Anke), Knops, J. M. (Johannes M. H.), Komatsu, K. J. (Kimberly J.), Laanisto, L. (Lauri), Laungani, R. (Ramesh), McCulley, R. (Rebecca), Moore, J. L. (Joslin L.), Morgan, J. W. (John W.), Peri, P. L. (Pablo Luis), Power, S. A. (Sally A.), Price, J. (Jodi), Sankaran, M. (Mahesh), Schamp, B. (Brandon), Speziale, K. (Karina), Standish, R. (Rachel), Virtanen, R. (Risto), and Cadotte, M. W. (Marc W.)

Abstract

Biotic and abiotic factors interact with dominant plants—the locally most frequent or with the largest coverage—and nondominant plants differently, partially because dominant plants modify the environment where nondominant plants grow. For instance, if dominant plants compete strongly, they will deplete most resources, forcing nondominant plants into a narrower niche space. Conversely, if dominant plants are constrained by the environment, they might not exhaust available resources but instead may ameliorate environmental stressors that usually limit nondominants. Hence, the nature of interactions among nondominant species could be modified by dominant species. Furthermore, these differences could translate into a disparity in the phylogenetic relatedness among dominants compared to the relatedness among nondominants. By estimating phylogenetic dispersion in 78 grasslands across five continents, we found that dominant species were clustered (e.g., co-dominant grasses), suggesting dominant species are likely organized by environmental filtering, and that nondominant species were either randomly assembled or overdispersed. Traits showed similar trends for those sites (<50%) with sufficient trait data. Furthermore, several lineages scattered in the phylogeny had more nondominant species than expected at random, suggesting that traits common in nondominants are phylogenetically conserved and have evolved multiple times. We also explored environmental drivers of the dominant/nondominant disparity. We found different assembly patterns for dominants and nondominants, consistent with asymmetries in assembly mechanisms. Among the different postulated mechanisms, our results suggest two complementary hypotheses seldom explored: (1) Nondominant species include lineages adapted to thrive in the environment generated by dominant species. (2) Even when dominant species reduce resources to nondominant ones, dominant species could have a stronger positive effect on some

Published
2021

4. Asynchrony among local communities stabilises ecosystem function of metacommunities

Author

Wilcox, K. R. (Kevin R.), Tredennick, A. T. (Andrew T.), Koerner, S. E. (Sally E.), Grman, E. (Emily), Hallett, L. M. (Lauren M.), Avolio, M. L. (Meghan L.), La Pierre, K. J. (Kimberly J.), Houseman, G. R. (Gregory R.), Isbell, F. (Forest), Johnson, D. S. (David Samuel), Alatalo, J. M. (Juha M.), Baldwin, A. H. (Andrew H.), Bork, E. W. (Edward W.), Boughton, E. H. (Elizabeth H.), Bowman, W. D. (William D.), Britton, A. J. (Andrea J.), Cahill, J. F. (James F., Jr.), Collins, S. L. (Scott L.), Du, G. (Guozhen), Eskelinen, A. (Anu), Gough, L. (Laura), Jentsch, A. (Anke), Kern, C. (Christel), Klanderud, K. (Kari), Knapp, A. K. (Alan K.), Kreyling, J. (Juergen), Luo, Y. (Yiqi), McLaren, J. R. (Jennie R.), Megonigal, P. (Patrick), Onipchenko, V. (Vladimir), Prevey, J. (Janet), Price, J. N. (Jodi N.), Robinson, C. H. (Clare H.), Sala, O. E. (Osvaldo E.), Smith, M. D. (Melinda D.), Soudzilovskaia, N. A. (Nadejda A.), Souza, L. (Lara), Tilman, D. (David), White, S. R. (Shannon R.), Xu, Z. (Zhuwen), Yahdjian, L. (Laura), Yu, Q. (Qiang), Zhang, P. (Pengfei), Zhang, Y. (Yunhai), Wilcox, K. R. (Kevin R.), Tredennick, A. T. (Andrew T.), Koerner, S. E. (Sally E.), Grman, E. (Emily), Hallett, L. M. (Lauren M.), Avolio, M. L. (Meghan L.), La Pierre, K. J. (Kimberly J.), Houseman, G. R. (Gregory R.), Isbell, F. (Forest), Johnson, D. S. (David Samuel), Alatalo, J. M. (Juha M.), Baldwin, A. H. (Andrew H.), Bork, E. W. (Edward W.), Boughton, E. H. (Elizabeth H.), Bowman, W. D. (William D.), Britton, A. J. (Andrea J.), Cahill, J. F. (James F., Jr.), Collins, S. L. (Scott L.), Du, G. (Guozhen), Eskelinen, A. (Anu), Gough, L. (Laura), Jentsch, A. (Anke), Kern, C. (Christel), Klanderud, K. (Kari), Knapp, A. K. (Alan K.), Kreyling, J. (Juergen), Luo, Y. (Yiqi), McLaren, J. R. (Jennie R.), Megonigal, P. (Patrick), Onipchenko, V. (Vladimir), Prevey, J. (Janet), Price, J. N. (Jodi N.), Robinson, C. H. (Clare H.), Sala, O. E. (Osvaldo E.), Smith, M. D. (Melinda D.), Soudzilovskaia, N. A. (Nadejda A.), Souza, L. (Lara), Tilman, D. (David), White, S. R. (Shannon R.), Xu, Z. (Zhuwen), Yahdjian, L. (Laura), Yu, Q. (Qiang), Zhang, P. (Pengfei), and Zhang, Y. (Yunhai)

Abstract

Temporal stability of ecosystem functioning increases the predictability and reliability of ecosystem services, and understanding the drivers of stability across spatial scales is important for land management and policy decisions. We used species-level abundance data from 62 plant communities across five continents to assess mechanisms of temporal stability across spatial scales. We assessed how asynchrony (i.e. different units responding dissimilarly through time) of species and local communities stabilised metacommunity ecosystem function. Asynchrony of species increased stability of local communities, and asynchrony among local communities enhanced metacommunity stability by a wide range of magnitudes (1–315%); this range was positively correlated with the size of the metacommunity. Additionally, asynchronous responses among local communities were linked with species’ populations fluctuating asynchronously across space, perhaps stemming from physical and/or competitive differences among local communities. Accordingly, we suggest spatial heterogeneity should be a major focus for maintaining the stability of ecosystem services at larger spatial scales.

Published
2017

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