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Maropitant (Cerenia™), a selective neurokinin1 receptor antagonist, was evaluated for safety and efficacy in treatment and prevention of acute vomiting due to various etiologies in dogs in a randomized clinical trial. Two-hundred seventy-eight dogs were enrolled from 29 veterinary hospitals. Two-hundred fifty-two were evaluable for efficacy, while 275 were evaluable for safety. A randomized block design was utilized (three maropitant- and one placebo-treated dog per block). Initial treatment was maropitant at 1 mg/kg body weight (0.45 mg/lb) or an equivalent volume of saline (placebo) administered subcutaneously. On the subsequent 1 to 4 days, maropitant or placebo (dependent on allocation) was administered subcutaneously or orally at approximate 24-h intervals as needed. Oral doses were administered as maropitant tablets using unit dosing to deliver a minimum dose of 2 mg/kg body weight (0.9 mg/lb) or equivalent numbers of similar placebo tablets. Dogs and housing were observed twice daily for evidence of vomiting. Emesis was significantly ( P ≤ 0.0012) reduced in maropitant-treated dogs as 50% (32/64) of placebo-treated dogs continued to vomit compared to only 21.8% (41/188) of maropitant-treated dogs. Post-treatment clinical signs were consistent with clinical diagnoses and judged not to be treatment related. In this clinical trial, maropitant was safe and effective in reducing emesis due to various etiologies in dogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maropitant (CereniaTM), a selective neurokinin1 receptor antagonist, was evaluated for efficacy and safety in prevention of vomiting due to motion sickness in dogs in two randomized clinical trials. One-hundred eighty-nine dogs with a history of motion sickness were enrolled at 26 veterinary clinics (across 12 US states) across the two trials; of these, 163 were fully evaluable, 19 were evaluable only for safety, and seven were not evaluable. Each trial used a two-period crossover design. Each dog was treated orally with placebo or maropitant (minimum dose of 8 mg/kg body weight using unit dosing) tablets at approximately 2 h (Trial 1) or 10 h (Trial 2) before an automobile ride of approximately 60 min, during which dogs were observed for signs of motion sickness. Following a 10–14-day washout period, each dog was administered the opposite treatment and taken for another journey (same route, driver and vehicle). Maropitant reduced the occurrence of vomiting compared to placebo by 86.1% or 76.5% when given approximately 2 or 10 h prior to travel, respectively. No significant clinical signs were observed after maropitant treatment. Maropitant was safe and effective in preventing vomiting due to motion sickness in dogs when administered at a minimum dose of 8 mg/kg body weight as oral tablets 2 or 10 h prior to travel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a study which evaluated the effectiveness and safety of the intravaginal progesterone insert when used to synchronize the return to estrus of previously inseminated lactating dairy cows with unknown pregnancy status. Materials and methods used; Description of the mucous scores of the cows; Percentage of cows observed in estrus; Difference in pregnancy rate to inseminations.

This study investigated the associations of both bacteriological cure and quarter somatic cell count (SCC) after intramammary antibiotic treatment with treatment duration, cow characteristics, and pretreatment bacteriology and SCC. For the purpose of this paper, data from 2 treatment groups in each of 2 multi-location studies were selected. These studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of daily intramammary infusions with 50 mg of pirlimycin hydrochloride for the treatment of subclinical mastitis. Data from study 1 allowed for comparison of a group of cows that received pirlimycin intramammarily for 2 d with a group that received no treatment, and study 2 provided data for comparison of pirlimycin for 2 d with pirlimycin for 8 d. Quarter milk samples from cows with a high monthly SCC were tested for bacteriology and SCC. If one or more quarters had both a positive bacteriology and an SCC ≥300,000 cells/mL, the cow was enrolled and randomly allocated to a treatment group. Enrolled cows were monitored for clinical mastitis and other disease for 4 wk after treatment initiation. At 3 and 4 wk after treatment initiation, milk samples were taken from each enrolled quarter to determine the SCC and conduct a bacteriological culture. Bacteriological culture results were interpreted such that quarters where the same bacterial species was cultured before treatment and found in at least 1 of the 2 posttreatment samples were considered a failure. The analysis of SCC used a mixed linear model (SAS proc mixed) and the analysis of bacteriological cure used a mixed logistic model (SAS glimmix macro). Bacteriological cure rate was significantly higher for lower parity, lower number of colonies in the pretreatment culture, longer treatment duration, and for streptococci compared with Staphylococcus aureus. However, treatment regimen affected bacterio logical cure differently in major than in minor pathogens and there was a significant interaction of treatment regimen... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thin film tandem solar cells based on amorphous and microcrystalline silicon (Micromorph TM in superstrate configuration) benefit from strongly light-scattering nano-textured substrates. A development methodology for the evaluation of the performance of the Micromorph test cells deposited on such substrates with very different surface shapes is presented and illustrated. It is shown that growth related defects and non-conformal coverage of the silicon layers restrict the choice of surface shapes for this photovoltaic application. General guidelines are given in this study for the preferred selection of the surface geometry for Micromorph TM test cells. The results indicate that the application of advanced surface shapes for higher conversion efficiencies requires improved silicon deposition process compared to current industrial state-of-the-art. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a study which determined if concentrations of progesterone (P4) in milk during administration of an intravaginal progesterone insert are less than concentrations of P4 in milk associated with pregnancy in cows. Materials and methods used; Result of the limit of quantification of the milk P4 assay; Concentrations of progesterone in milk.

Maropitant (Cerenia), a selective neurokinin(1) receptor antagonist, was evaluated for safety and efficacy in treatment and prevention of acute vomiting due to various etiologies in dogs in a randomized clinical trial. Two-hundred seventy-eight dogs were enrolled from 29 veterinary hospitals. Two-hundred fifty-two were evaluable for efficacy, while 275 were evaluable for safety. A randomized block design was utilized (three maropitant- and one placebo-treated dog per block). Initial treatment was maropitant at 1 mg/kg body weight (0.45 mg/lb) or an equivalent volume of saline (placebo) administered subcutaneously. On the subsequent 1 to 4 days, maropitant or placebo (dependent on allocation) was administered subcutaneously or orally at approximate 24-h intervals as needed. Oral doses were administered as maropitant tablets using unit dosing to deliver a minimum dose of 2 mg/kg body weight (0.9 mg/lb) or equivalent numbers of similar placebo tablets. Dogs and housing were observed twice daily for evidence of vomiting. Emesis was significantly (P

Maropitant (Cerenia), a selective neurokinin(1) receptor antagonist, was evaluated for efficacy and safety in prevention of vomiting due to motion sickness in dogs in two randomized clinical trials. One-hundred eighty-nine dogs with a history of motion sickness were enrolled at 26 veterinary clinics (across 12 US states) across the two trials; of these, 163 were fully evaluable, 19 were evaluable only for safety, and seven were not evaluable. Each trial used a two-period crossover design. Each dog was treated orally with placebo or maropitant (minimum dose of 8 mg/kg body weight using unit dosing) tablets at approximately 2 h (Trial 1) or 10 h (Trial 2) before an automobile ride of approximately 60 min, during which dogs were observed for signs of motion sickness. Following a 10-14-day washout period, each dog was administered the opposite treatment and taken for another journey (same route, driver and vehicle). Maropitant reduced the occurrence of vomiting compared to placebo by 86.1% or 76.5% when given approximately 2 or 10 h prior to travel, respectively. No significant clinical signs were observed after maropitant treatment. Maropitant was safe and effective in preventing vomiting due to motion sickness in dogs when administered at a minimum dose of 8 mg/kg body weight as oral tablets 2 or 10 h prior to travel.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of ceftiofur for treatment of postpartum cows with fever., Design: Multilocation randomized complete block design trial., Animals: 330 cows., Procedure: Cows with rectal temperature > or = 39.5 C (103.1 F) during the first 10 postpartum days were randomly assigned to a treatment (ceftiofur; 1 mg/kg [0.45 mg/lb] of body weight daily for 3 days) or untreated control group. Cure (no additional or alternative antimicrobial treatment used, rectal temperature < 39.5 C, and no other concurrent clinical signs of disease when evaluated at 9 or 10 days after enrollment), milk production, and rectal temperature were evaluated., Results: Ceftiofur-treated cows were significantly more likely to be cured than control cows (56.0 vs 28.9%, respectively), with an odds ratio of 3.14 when vaginal discharge (a factor with moderate interaction with treatment) was present at enrollment. Among cows that had an abnormal calving (a significant interaction factor), treated cows had first milking yield 2.27 kg (5 lb) greater than control cows. Treated cows had a significantly greater reduction in rectal temperature (1.19 C [2.14 Fl), compared with control cows (1.04 C [1.87 F])., Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Parenteral administration of ceftiofur significantly improved cure rate, milk yield, and rectal temperature in postpartum cows with fever and vaginal discharge or dystocia. These findings provide information to determine appropriate treatment for postpartum cows, which for years has been debated in the dairy industry.

In a randomized complete block design with repeated measures, ruminally cannulated crossbred beef steers (n = 24; 279 +/- 3.2 kg) had ad libitum access to a 90% concentrate diet and were injected daily with slaframine dichloride (SF) at doses of 0, 30, or 60 micrograms SF free-base/kg BW. On d 1, 2, 7, 14, and 21, salivary scores were determined hourly from -2 to 8 h relative to injection (0 h), and ruminal pH was measured at 0, 4, and 8 h. Feed intake was measured daily. Serum concentrations of somatotropin (ST) were measured in samples collected at 20-min intervals from -40 min to 8 h on d 2, 7, 14, and 21, and IGF-I was measured at 8 h. Mean salivary score increased with SF injection (P < .01; .4, 3.3, and 3.7 for 0, 30, and 60 micrograms of SF/kg BW, respectively), although there was a dose x day interaction (P < .01). Injection of SF reduced DMI (P < or = .01; 6.39, 4.95, and 2.64 kg of DM/d for 0, 30, and 60 micrograms of SF/kg BW, respectively). Mean ruminal pH was increased (P < .01); 6.03, 6.42, and 6.72 for 0, 30, and 60 micrograms of SF/kg BW, respectively). Steers administered 60 micrograms of SF/kg BW lost weight (P = .02; 15.1 and -20.3 kg for 0 and 60 micrograms of SF/kg BW, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

To determine whether bST additively increases milk production in cows milked at different frequencies per day, 118 Holstein primiparous and multiparous cows were milked two or three times daily beginning at parturition and received either 14 mg of bST or no injection beginning at d 75 of lactation. Increased milking frequency from two to three times daily increased 3.5% FCM in multiparous (4.7 kg/d) and primiparous (4.1 kg/d) cows over 305 d. Injection of bST increased FCM 4.3 kg/d in multiparous cows and 5.0 kg/d in primiparous cows over 230 d. Increased milking frequency from two to three times daily reduced milk fat and protein percentages in milk, but bST generally did not affect these percentages. Injection of bST prevented increases in body condition score as lactation advanced, but increasing milking frequency from two to three times daily did not. In general, bST and increased milking frequency additively increased FCM in multiparous and primiparous cows.