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We present geochemical data of lavas from northwest Africa, allowing us for the first time to carry out large-scale 'mapping' of sublithospheric mantle flow beneath the northwest African plate. Our study indicates that Canary mantle plume material traveled laterally along a subcontinental lithospheric corridor (i.e., at depths that are usually occupied by continental lithospheric mantle) more than 1500 km to the western Mediterranean, marking its route over the last 15 m.y. through a trail of intraplate volcanism. A three-dimensional geodynamic reconstruction, integrating results from geophysical studies, illustrates that long-distance lateral flow of mantle material into and through a subcontinental lithospheric corridor can be caused by a combination of (1) deflection of upwelling plume material along the base of the lithosphere, (2) delamination of subcontinental mantle lithosphere beneath northwest Africa, and (3) subduction suction related to the rollback of the subducting oceanic plate in the western Mediterranean. Although the flow of plume material beneath oceanic lithosphere to mid-ocean ridges or along the base of continental rifts has been previously shown, this study demonstrates that plume material can also flow large lateral distances through subcontinental corridors from suboceanic to nonrifting subcontinental settings, generating continental intraplate volcanism without the need for a plume to be located directly beneath the continent.

We present geochemical data of lavas from northwest Africa, allowing us for the first time to carry out large-scale "mapping" of sublithospheric mantle flow beneath the northwest African plate. Our study indicates that Canary mantle plume material traveled laterally along a subcontinental lithospheric corridor (i.e., at depths that are usually occupied by continental lithospheric mantle) more than 1500 km to the western Mediterranean, marking its route over the last 15 m.y. through a trail of intraplate volcanism. A three-dimensional geodynamic reconstruction, integrating results from geophysical studies, illustrates that long-distance lateral flow of mantle material into and through a subcontinental lithospheric corridor can be caused by a combination of (1) deflection of upwelling plume material along the base of the lithosphere, (2) delamination of subcontinental mantle lithosphere beneath northwest Africa, and (3) subduction suction related to the rollback of the subducting oceanic plate in the western Mediterranean. Although the flow of plume material beneath oceanic lithosphere to mid-ocean ridges or along the base of continental rifts has been previously shown, this study demonstrates that plume material can also flow large lateral distances through subcontinental corridors from suboceanic to nonrifting subcontinental settings, generating continental intraplate volcanism without the need for a plume to be located directly beneath the continent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Detection and quantification of anti-thyroid antibodies make it possible to confirm the diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction as well as its autoimmune origin and monitor thyroid damage in diabetic patients. The aim of this study is to determine the seroprevalence of anti-thyroid antibodies in hospitalized diabetic patients. Materials and methods This retrospective study focused on 91 diabetic patients hospitalized in the endocrinology department of Ibn Sina Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, between January 1 and December 31, 2022. The study population was divided into two groups: 19 patients with type 1 diabetes (13 females and six males, with an age range of 20-70 years) and 72 patients with type 2 diabetes (52 females and 20 males, with an age range of 40-71 years). Hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were determined with high-performance liquid chromatography (Hb-HPLC) analyzer from blood samples collected in EDTA tubes, and anti-thyroid antibodies (anti-TPO and/or anti-TG) were measured by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassays (CMIA) in human serum using the ALINITY analyzer. Results Among type 1 diabetic patients, 42.1% (n = 8)   were positive for anti-TPO and anti-TG antibodies, while 31.5% (n = 6)   were positive only for anti-TPO antibodies. Among type 2 diabetic patients, 15.2% (n = 11) were positive only for anti-TPO antibodies, while 20.8% (n = 15) were positive for anti-TPO and/or anti-TG antibodies. The prevalence of anti-thyroid antibodies was higher in females, consistent with other studies. This could be linked to the involvement of autoimmune processes in the development of thyroid dysfunction in type 2 diabetics. Conclusions Testing for anti-thyroid antibodies in diabetic patients and their relatives helps detect subclinical conditions, which could later manifest as biological and clinical deficiencies, guiding monitoring parameters., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Hanafi et al.)

Purpose: To compare the outcomes of the Kocher-Langenbeck reduction and fixation of the posterior structures of the acetabulum between 3D printing technique and conventional technique., Methods: Forty-three patients who sustained fractures of the posterior part of the acetabulum were randomly assigned to two groups: 3D printing (G1; n = 20) and conventional technique (G2; n = 23). The surgical time, intra-operative blood loss, differences between pre-and post-operative haemoglobin, universal functional and radiographic scores, and complications were compared between the groups. The minimum follow-up was 18 months., Results: The average operating time (120.75 min) and intra-operative blood loss (244 ml) were lower in G1 than in G2 (125.87 min and 268.7 ml, respectively; p = 0.42, p = 0.1, respectively). The difference between the pre- and post-operative haemoglobin was 1.71 g/dl in G1 and 1.93 g/dl in G2 (p = 0.113). Post-operative complications occurred more frequently in patients in G2 (34.7%) than in patients in G1 (15%), though these differences were also not significant (p = 0.6). The radiographic result was satisfactory in 16 patients (80%) in G1 and 18 patients (78.26%) in G2 (p = 0.5). The clinical result was satisfactory in 15 patients (75%) in G1 and in 17 patients (73.9%) in G2 (p = 0.6)., Conclusions: No significant differences were found in terms of surgical time, overall complications, and radiographic or functional outcomes between 3D printing and the conventional technique., (© 2022. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to SICOT aisbl.)

Background: Wound healing is among the frequent illnesses that affects the skin, and therefore, the screening of natural preparation to treat skin burn is important. In Morocco, Cynara humilis is a Moroccan medicinal plant widely used for the treatment of skin burn., Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the safety of C. humilis and its wound healing potential against skin burn., Methods: In this work, C. humilis was selected based on an ethnopharmacological survey. As revealed by traditional medicine, C. humilis powder extract (CHPE) was used to test wound healing effects. Furthermore, to assure the safety of this powder, acute and subchronic dermal toxicities were investigated on animal models., Results: The oral acute toxicity test of CHPE did not show mortality in treated rats (LD 50 >2000 mg/kg). Moreover, in the acute dermal toxicity, CHPE at 5 g/kg did not induce clinical signs observed during the observation period of 48 h. In the subchronic toxicity test, CHPE did not cause significant abnormalities in the physiological parameters and pathological changes in the major organs of the rats. Body weight evolution and macroscopic analysis of skin burn showed CHPE exhibited important wound healing effects in a time-dependent manner. CHPE reduced significantly wound surface (6.93 ± 0.25 cm 2 ) compared with the SDA group (8.30 ± 0.37 cm 2 ) and the no-treated group (10.05 ± 0.28 cm 2 ). Moreover, the retention rate was increased importantly after the treatment with CHPE (61.66 ± 1.42%) compared with the SDA-treated group (53.57% ± 2.83%) and the no-treated group control animals (43.34% ± 1.27%)., Conclusion: These results were confirmed by a histological evaluation, which showed that CHPE increased the neovascularization, the collagen deposition, and the re-epithelialization. The findings of this work suggest that CHPE could be a promising source for developing drugs against skin burn., (© 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Immunofixation is currently very used in medical laboratories. The interpretation of the results is usually easy, but some cases raise interpretative problems. We here report two cases difficult to interpret. In the first case, we report a case of nonspecific precipitation of the protein on each track, in the second case we report a case of double monoclonal band on immunofixation electrophoresis. Reducing agent such as β2-mercaptoethanol used in these two cases allowed to solve the problem and to make a diagnosis. A comparison between clinical radiological and laboratory test data is necessary before making a diagnosis of monoclonal immunoglobulin.

Improvement of oat lines via introgression is an important process for food biochemical functionality. This work aims to evaluate the protective effect of phenolic compounds from hybrid Oat line (F11-5) and its parent (Amlal) on hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and to establish the possible mechanisms of antidiabetic activity by digestive enzyme inhibition. Eight phenolic acids were quantified in our samples including ferulic, p -hydroxybenzoic, caffeic, salicylic, syringic, sinapic, p -coumaric and chlorogenic acids. The Oat extract (2000 mg/kg) ameliorated the glucose tolerance, decreased Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) and oxidative stress markers, including Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Glutathione (GSH) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) in rat liver and kidney. Furthermore, Metformin and Oat intake prevented anxiety, hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in diabetic rats. In vivo anti-hyperglycemic effect of Oat extracts has been confirmed by their inhibitory activities on α-amylase (723.91 μg/mL and 1027.14 μg/mL) and α-glucosidase (1548.12 μg/mL & 1803.52 μg/mL) enzymes by mean of a mixed inhibition., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

The late diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the hallux in an aged patient on second-line therapy led to a trans-proximal phalanx amputation. This is a rare lesion affecting the toes which may compromise the functional prognosis of the foot. This clinical case report with review of the literature aims to highlight the difficulties of diagnosis and indications for amputation.

We report in this paper the case of female patient, hypertriglyceridemia associated with milky serum and hyperglycemia have been the alarm signal of a lupus-associated pancreatitis, the confirmation of this entity was done with elevated rate of serum lipase activity. It is about a 33 years age female. She has as unique antecedent a lupus diagnosed on January of the same. The patient was admitted on august 2013 for another episode of lupus associated to the lower lamb edema with a rate of C3 at 0.4 g/L (0.82-1,93) and C4 at 0.05 g/L (0.15-0.57). One day after the beginning of the corticotherapy, the patient presented hyperthermia, ataxis and behavior troubles, epigastric and articular pains and vomiting. Biochemical tests found hyperglycemia at 38.9 mmol/L (3.9-6.1), dyslipidemia with hypertriglyceridemia at 15.7 mmol/L (0.3-1.7) and total cholesterol rate at 5.2 mmol/L (<5.2) associated with milky serum. Haematological tests objective normocytic normochromic anemia with 81 g/L of hemoglobin, lymphopenia at 0.88 G/L and normal platelet rate. Lupus associated pancreatitis was suggested and confirmed biologically with an hyperlipasemia at 180 UI/L (8-78) and radiologicaly with the image of focal hepatic steatosis. We conclude that on the presence of lupus, gastrointestinal and/or biological signs must motivate the measurement of the serum lipase activity as quickly as possible to assess the diagnosis of lupus-associated pancreatitis.

Familial hypertriglyceridemia is a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism. Mutation within the LPL gene constitutes the first cause of monogenic etiology. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is the key enzyme in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins catabolism. Familial LPL deficiency is expressed by eruptive xanthomatosis and acute pancreatitis. We report a Moroccan case with a monstrous hypertriglyceridemia caused by LPL gene mutation. We discuss pathophysiology aspects according to available investigations data and the relevance of familial screening. The proband is a 19-year-old woman originating from the village of Taourirt (South of Morocco). She was admitted in emergency for diabetic ketoacidosis. Clinical investigations and routine laboratory tests were performed upon admission. Then lipoprotein electrophoresis and sequencing of the LPL gene were practiced. A monstrous hypertriglyceridemia up to 199 mmol/L was found. Lipoprotein electrophoresis has objectified profound disturbances on chylomicrons, VLDL and IDL. The sequencing detected a missense mutation p.S286R at homozygous state in a consanguinity context. Discovery of this LPL gene mutation is the first indigenous and documented case, never related in any other ethnic group. It constitutes a novel proof of a founder effect in the south Moroccan population. Prevalence studies with familial screening should be done for preventative action which is the only acceptable way to limit the cardiovascular and pancreatitis risks in this population where inbreeding is a general rule.

Relevant for various areas of human genetics, Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) are commonly used for testing close paternal relationships among individuals and populations, and for male lineage identification. However, even the widely used 17-loci Yfiler set cannot resolve individuals and populations completely. Here, 52 centers generated quality-controlled data of 13 rapidly mutating (RM) Y-STRs in 14,644 related and unrelated males from 111 worldwide populations. Strikingly, >99% of the 12,272 unrelated males were completely individualized. Haplotype diversity was extremely high (global: 0.9999985, regional: 0.99836-0.9999988). Haplotype sharing between populations was almost absent except for six (0.05%) of the 12,156 haplotypes. Haplotype sharing within populations was generally rare (0.8% nonunique haplotypes), significantly lower in urban (0.9%) than rural (2.1%) and highest in endogamous groups (14.3%). Analysis of molecular variance revealed 99.98% of variation within populations, 0.018% among populations within groups, and 0.002% among groups. Of the 2,372 newly and 156 previously typed male relative pairs, 29% were differentiated including 27% of the 2,378 father-son pairs. Relative to Yfiler, haplotype diversity was increased in 86% of the populations tested and overall male relative differentiation was raised by 23.5%. Our study demonstrates the value of RM Y-STRs in identifying and separating unrelated and related males and provides a reference database., (© 2014 The Authors. **Human Mutation published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

In an effort to facilitate forensic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) testing in Morocco, high-quality control region sequences from 509 individuals were generated using a comprehensive processing and data review system. This large dataset of random samples from various Moroccan population groups (Arab speaking, Berber speaking, and Sahrawi speaking) exhibited a low random match probability (0.52 %) and a mean of pairwise comparisons of 13.24. The Moroccan mtDNA gene pool studied here was defined entirely by West Eurasian (58.15 %) and African haplogroups (41.85 %).

Congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is a rare, hereditary in nature, characterized by an inability of the kidney to concentrate urine, secondary to the manifold resistance to the action of vasopressin. X-linked forms of transmission (90%) are expressed in boys, from the neonatal period in general, by polyuria and polydipsia. Symptomatology in transmissive girls is variable but can sometimes be quite marked. These forms are secondary to mutations in the gene encoding the vasopressin V2 receptor, located at position Xq28, responsible for a loss of function of this receptor. Some of these mutations may cause a partial phenotype, less severe. Forms of autosomal, recessive or dominant are more rare (10%). Treatment is symptomatic, sometimes difficult in infants. It aims to avoid episodes of dehydration. It is based on a conventional diet hypo-osmotic and administration of hydrochlorothiazide and indomethacin. We report here the case of a child with congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus hospitalized at Children's Hospital of Rabat and throughout this case we review the pathophysiology and clinical and biological characteristics of the disease and including importance of contribution of clinical biochemistry laboratory in the diagnosis and monitoring of this disease.