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1. Linear and Nonlinear Dynamics of Self-Consistent Collisionless Tearing Modes in Toroidal Gyrokinetic Simulations

Author: Fabien, Widmer, Emanuele, Poli, Alexey, Mishchenko, Akihiro, Ishizawa, Alberto, Bottino, and Thomas, Hayward-Schneider
Subjects: Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract: We investigate tearing modes (TM) driven by current density gradient in collisionless tokamak plasmas by using the electromagnetic gyrokinetic simulation code ORB5. We elucidate the TM width by simulations for flat profiles, as the absence of background diamagnetic flows implies a small rotation-speed, while finite-gradients are included to investigate the TM rotation. For flat profiles, the initial saturation width of nonlinearly driven magnetic islands is related to the TM linear growth rate; however, large islands in the initial saturation phase are prone to current density redistribution that reduces the island width in the following evolution. Island-induced $\boldsymbol{E}\times\boldsymbol{B}$ and diamagnetic sheared flows develop at the separatrix, able to destabilize the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI). The KHI turbulence enhances a strong quadrupole vortex flow that reinforces the island decay, resulting in a strong reduction of the island width in an eventual steady state. This process is enhanced by trapped electrons. For finite gradients profile, the TM usually rotates in the electron diamagnetic direction, but can change direction when the ion temperature gradient dominates the other gradients. The reduced growth of the TM by diamagnetic effects results in a moderate island size, which remains almost unchanged after the initial saturation. At steady state, strong zonal flows are nonlinearly excited and dominate the island rotation, as expected from previous theoretical and numerical studies. When the plasma beta is increased, the TM mode is suppressed and a mode with the same helicity but with twisting parity, coupled with the neighboring poloidal harmonics, is destabilized, similar to the kinetic ballooning mode.
Published: 2024

2. Egocentric zone-aware action recognition across environments

Author: Peirone, Simone Alberto, Goletto, Gabriele, Planamente, Mirco, Bottino, Andrea, Caputo, Barbara, and Averta, Giuseppe
Subjects: Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract: Human activities exhibit a strong correlation between actions and the places where these are performed, such as washing something at a sink. More specifically, in daily living environments we may identify particular locations, hereinafter named activity-centric zones, which may afford a set of homogeneous actions. Their knowledge can serve as a prior to favor vision models to recognize human activities. However, the appearance of these zones is scene-specific, limiting the transferability of this prior information to unfamiliar areas and domains. This problem is particularly relevant in egocentric vision, where the environment takes up most of the image, making it even more difficult to separate the action from the context. In this paper, we discuss the importance of decoupling the domain-specific appearance of activity-centric zones from their universal, domain-agnostic representations, and show how the latter can improve the cross-domain transferability of Egocentric Action Recognition (EAR) models. We validate our solution on the EPIC-Kitchens-100 and Argo1M datasets, Comment: Project webpage: https://gabrielegoletto.github.io/EgoZAR/
Published: 2024

3. Benchmarking the design of the cryogenics system for the underground argon in DarkSide-20k

Author: Collaboration, DarkSide-20k, Acerbi, F., Adhikari, P., Agnes, P., Ahmad, I., Albergo, S., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Alexander, T., Alton, A. K., Amaudruz, P., Angiolilli, M., Aprile, E., Ardito, R., Corona, M. Atzori, Auty, D. J., Ave, M., Avetisov, I. C., Azzolini, O., Back, H. O., Balmforth, Z., Olmedo, A. Barrado, Barrillon, P., Batignani, G., Bhowmick, P., Blua, S., Bocci, V., Bonivento, W., Bottino, B., Boulay, M. G., Buchowicz, A., Bussino, S., Busto, J., Cadeddu, M., Cadoni, M., Calabrese, R., Camillo, V., Caminata, A., Canci, N., Capra, A., Caravati, M., Cárdenas-Montes, M., Cargioli, N., Carlini, M., Castellani, A., Castello, P., Cavalcante, P., Cebrian, S., Ruiz, J. Cela, Chashin, S., Chepurnov, A., Cifarelli, L., Cintas, D., Citterio, M., Cleveland, B., Coadou, Y., Cocco, V., Colaiuda, D., Vilda, E. Conde, Consiglio, L., Costa, B. S., Czubak, M., D'Aniello, M., D'Auria, S., Rolo, M. D. Da Rocha, Darbo, G., Davini, S., De Cecco, S., De Guido, G., Dellacasa, G., Derbin, A. V., Devoto, A., Di Capua, F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Di Stefano, P., Dias, L. K., Mairena, D. Díaz, Ding, X., Dionisi, C., Dolganov, G., Dordei, F., Dronik, V., Elersich, A., Ellingwood, E., Erjavec, T., Diaz, M. Fernandez, Ficorella, A., Fiorillo, G., Franchini, P., Franco, D., Gatti, H. Frandini, Frolov, E., Gabriele, F., Gahan, D., Galbiati, C., Galiński, G., Gallina, G., Gallus, G., Garbini, M., Abia, P. Garcia, Gawdzik, A., Gendotti, A., Ghisi, A., Giovanetti, G. K., Casanueva, V. Goicoechea, Gola, A., Grandi, L., Grauso, G., di Cortona, G. Grilli, Grobov, A., Gromov, M., Guerzoni, M., Gulino, M., Guo, C., Hackett, B. R., Hallin, A., Hamer, A., Haranczyk, M., Harrop, B., Hessel, T., Hill, S., Horikawa, S., Hu, J., Hubaut, F., Hucker, J., Hugues, T., Hungerford, E. V., Ianni, A., Ippolito, V., Jamil, A., Jillings, C., Jois, S., Kachru, P., Keloth, R., Kemmerich, N., Kemp, A., Kendziora, C. L., Kimura, M., Kish, A., Kondo, K., Korga, G., Kotsiopoulou, L., Koulosousas, S., Kubankin, A., Kunzé, P., Kuss, M., Kuźniak, M., Kuzwa, M., La Commara, M., Lai, M., Guirriec, E. Le, Leason, E., Leoni, A., Lidey, L., Lissia, M., Luzzi, L., Lychagina, O., Macfadyen, O., Machulin, I. N., Manecki, S., Manthos, I., Mapelli, L., Marasciulli, A., Mari, S. M., Mariani, C., Maricic, J., Martinez, M., Martoff, C. J., Matteucci, G., Mavrokoridis, K., McDonald, A. B., Mclaughlin, J., Merzi, S., Messina, A., Milincic, R., Minutoli, S., Mitra, A., Moharana, A., Moioli, S., Monroe, J., Moretti, E., Morrocchi, M., Mroz, T., Muratova, V. N., Murphy, M., Murra, M., Muscas, C., Musico, P., Nania, R., Nessi, M., Nieradka, G., Nikolopoulos, K., Nikoloudaki, E., Nowak, J., Olchanski, K., Oleinik, A., Oleynikov, V., Organtini, P., de Solórzano, A. Ortiz, Pallavicini, M., Pandola, L., Pantic, E., Paoloni, E., Papi, D., Pastuszak, G., Paternoster, G., Peck, A., Pegoraro, P. A., Pelczar, K., Pellegrini, L. A., Perez, R., Perotti, F., Pesudo, V., Piacentini, S. I., Pino, N., Plante, G., Pocar, A., Poehlmann, M., Pordes, S., Pralavorio, P., Price, D., Puglia, S., Bazetto, M. Queiroga, Ragusa, F., Ramachers, Y., Ramirez, A., Ravinthiran, S., Razeti, M., Renshaw, A. L., Rescigno, M., Retiere, F., Rignanese, L. P., Rivetti, A., Roberts, A., Roberts, C., Rogers, G., Romero, L., Rossi, M., Rubbia, A., Rudik, D., Sabia, M., Salomone, P., Samoylov, O., Sandford, E., Sanfilippo, S., Santone, D., Santorelli, R., Santos, E. M., Savarese, C., Scapparone, E., Schillaci, G., Schuckman II, F. G., Scioli, G., Semenov, D. A., Shalamova, V., Sheshukov, A., Simeone, M., Skensved, P., Skorokhvatov, M. D., Smirnov, O., Smirnova, T., Smith, B., Sotnikov, A., Spadoni, F., Spangenberg, M., Stefanizzi, R., Steri, A., Stornelli, V., Stracka, S., Sulis, S., Sung, A., Sunny, C., Suvorov, Y., Szelc, A. M., Taborda, O., Tartaglia, R., Taylor, A., Taylor, J., Tedesco, S., Testera, G., Thieme, K., Thompson, A., Thorpe, T. N., Tonazzo, A., Torres-Lara, S., Tricomi, A., Unzhakov, E. V., Vallivilayil, T. J., Van Uffelen, M., Velazquez-Fernandez, L., Viant, T., Viel, S., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., Vossebeld, J., Vyas, B., Wada, M., Walczak, M. B., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Westerdale, S., Williams, L., Wojaczyński, R., Wojcik, M., Wojcik, M. M., Wright, T., Xiao, X., Xie, Y., Yang, C., Yin, J., Zabihi, A., Zakhary, P., Zani, A., Zhang, Y., Zhu, T., Zichichi, A., Zuzel, G., and Zykova, M. P.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: DarkSide-20k (DS-20k) is a dark matter detection experiment under construction at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) in Italy. It utilises ~100 t of low radioactivity argon from an underground source (UAr) in its inner detector, with half serving as target in a dual-phase time projection chamber (TPC). The UAr cryogenics system must maintain stable thermodynamic conditions throughout the experiment's lifetime of >10 years. Continuous removal of impurities and radon from the UAr is essential for maximising signal yield and mitigating background. We are developing an efficient and powerful cryogenics system with a gas purification loop with a target circulation rate of 1000 slpm. Central to its design is a condenser operated with liquid nitrogen which is paired with a gas heat exchanger cascade, delivering a combined cooling power of >8 kW. Here we present the design choices in view of the DS-20k requirements, in particular the condenser's working principle and the cooling control, and we show test results obtained with a dedicated benchmarking platform at CERN and LNGS. We find that the thermal efficiency of the recirculation loop, defined in terms of nitrogen consumption per argon flow rate, is 95 % and the pressure in the test cryostat can be maintained within $\pm$(0.1-0.2) mbar. We further detail a 5-day cool-down procedure of the test cryostat, maintaining a cooling rate typically within -2 K/h, as required for the DS-20k inner detector. Additionally, we assess the circuit's flow resistance, and the heat transfer capabilities of two heat exchanger geometries for argon phase change, used to provide gas for recirculation. We conclude by discussing how our findings influence the finalisation of the system design, including necessary modifications to meet requirements and ongoing testing activities., Comment: 45 pages, 24 figures
Published: 2024

4. Angular dependent measurement of electron-ion recombination in liquid argon for ionization calorimetry in the ICARUS liquid argon time projection chamber

Author: ICARUS collaboration, Abratenko, P., Abrego-Martinez, N., Aduszkiewic, A., Akbar, F., Soplin, L. Aliaga, Pons, M. Artero, Asaadi, J., Badgett, W. F., Baibussinov, B., Behera, B., Bellini, V., Benocci, R., Berger, J., Berkman, S., Bertolucci, S., Betancourt, M., Bonesini, M., Boone, T., Bottino, B., Braggiotti, A., Brailsford, D., Brice, S. J., Brio, V., Brizzolari, C., Budd, H. S., Campani, A., Campos, A., Carber, D., Carneiro, M., Terrazas, I. Caro, Carranza, H., Fernandez, F. Castillo, Castro, A., Centro, S., Cerati, G., Chatterjee, A., Cherdack, D., Cherubini, S., Chitirasreemadam, N., Cicerchia, M., Coan, T. E., Cocco, A., Convery, M. R., Cooper-Troendle, L., Copello, S., Dange, A. A., de Roeck, A., Di Domizio, S., Di Noto, L., Di Stefano, C., Di Ferdinando, D., Diwan, M., Dolan, S., Domine, L., Donati, S., Drielsma, F., Dyer, J., Dytman, S., Falcone, A., Farnese, C., Fava, A., Ferrari, A., Gallice, N., Garcia, F. G., Gatto, C., Gibin, D., Gioiosa, A., Gu, W., Guglielmi, A., Gurung, G., Hausner, H., Heggestuen, A., Howard, B., Howell, R., Ingratta, I., James, C., Jang, W., Jwa, Y. -J., Kashur, L., Ketchum, W., Kim, J. S., Koh, D. -H., Larkin, J., Li, Y., Mariani, C., Marshall, C. M., Martynenko, S., Mauri, N., McFarland, K. S., Méndez, D. P., Menegolli, A., Meng, G., Miranda, O. G., Mogan, A., Moggi, N., Montagna, E., Montanari, C., Montanari, A., Mooney, M., Moreno-Granados, G., Mueller, J., Murphy, M., Naples, D., Nguyen, V. C. L., Palestini, S., Pallavicini, M., Paolone, V., Papaleo, R., Pasqualini, L., Patrizii, L., Paudel, L., Petrillo, G., Petta, C., Pia, V., Pietropaolo, F., Poppi, F., Pozzato, M., Putnam, G., Qian, X., Rappoldi, A., Raselli, G. L., Repetto, S., Resnati, F., Ricci, A. M., Riccobene, G., Richards, E., Rosenberg, M., Rossella, M., Roy, P., Rubbia, C., Saad, M., Saha, S., Sala, P., Samanta, S., Sapienza, P., Scaramelli, A., Scarpelli, A., Schmitz, D., Schukraft, A., Senadheera, D., Seo, S-H., Sergiampietri, F., Sirri, G., Smedley, J. S., Smith, J., Stanco, L., Stewart, J., Tanaka, H. A., Tapia, F., Tenti, M., Terao, K., Terranova, F., Togo, V., Torretta, D., Torti, M., Tortorici, F., Triozzi, R., Tsai, Y. -T., Tufanli, S., Usher, T., Varanini, F., Ventura, S., Vicenzi, M., Vignoli, C., Viren, B., Williams, Z., Wilson, R. J., Wilson, P., Wolfs, J., Wongjirad, T., Wood, A., Worcester, E., Wospakrik, M., Yu, H., Yu, J., Zani, A., Zennamo, J., Zettlemoyer, J., Zhang, C., and Zucchelli, S.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: This paper reports on a measurement of electron-ion recombination in liquid argon in the ICARUS liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC). A clear dependence of recombination on the angle of the ionizing particle track relative to the drift electric field is observed. An ellipsoid modified box (EMB) model of recombination describes the data across all measured angles. These measurements are used for the calorimetric energy scale calibration of the ICARUS TPC, which is also presented. The impact of the EMB model is studied on calorimetric particle identification, as well as muon and proton energy measurements. Accounting for the angular dependence in EMB recombination improves the accuracy and precision of these measurements.
Published: 2024

5. Calibration and simulation of ionization signal and electronics noise in the ICARUS liquid argon time projection chamber

Author: ICARUS collaboration, Abratenko, P., Abrego-Martinez, N., Aduszkiewic, A., Akbar, F., Soplin, L. Aliaga, Pons, M. Artero, Asaadi, J., Badgett, W. F., Baibussinov, B., Behera, B., Bellini, V., Benocci, R., Berger, J., Berkman, S., Bertolucci, S., Betancourt, M., Bonesini, M., Boone, T., Bottino, B., Braggiotti, A., Brailsford, D., Brice, S. J., Brio, V., Brizzolari, C., Budd, H. S., Campani, A., Campos, A., Carber, D., Carneiro, M., Terrazas, I. Caro, Carranza, H., Fernandez, F. Castillo, Castro, A., Centro, S., Cerati, G., Chatterjee, A., Cherdack, D., Cherubini, S., Chitirasreemadam, N., Cicerchia, M., Coan, T. E., Cocco, A., Convery, M. R., Cooper-Troendle, L., Copello, S., Dange, A. A., de Roeck, A., Di Domizio, S., Di Noto, L., Di Stefano, C., Di Ferdinando, D., Diwan, M., Dolan, S., Domine, L., Donati, S., Drielsma, F., Dyer, J., Dytman, S., Falcone, A., Farnese, C., Fava, A., Ferrari, A., Gallice, N., Garcia, F. G., Gatto, C., Gibin, D., Gioiosa, A., Gu, W., Guglielmi, A., Gurung, G., Hausner, H., Heggestuen, A., Howard, B., Howell, R., Ingratta, I., James, C., Jang, W., Jwa, Y. -J., Kashur, L., Ketchum, W., Kim, J. S., Koh, D. -H., Larkin, J., Li, Y., Mariani, C., Marshall, C. M., Martynenko, S., Mauri, N., McFarland, K. S., Méndez, D. P., Menegolli, A., Meng, G., Miranda, O. G., Mogan, A., Moggi, N., Montagna, E., Montanari, C., Montanari, A., Mooney, M., Moreno-Granados, G., Mueller, J., Murphy, M., Naples, D., Nguyen, V. C. L., Palestini, S., Pallavicini, M., Paolone, V., Papaleo, R., Pasqualini, L., Patrizii, L., Paudel, L., Petrillo, G., Petta, C., Pia, V., Pietropaolo, F., Poppi, F., Pozzato, M., Putnam, G., Qian, X., Rappoldi, A., Raselli, G. L., Repetto, S., Resnati, F., Ricci, A. M., Riccobene, G., Richards, E., Rosenberg, M., Rossella, M., Roy, P., Rubbia, C., Saad, M., Saha, S., Sala, P., Samanta, S., Sapienza, P., Scaramelli, A., Scarpelli, A., Schmitz, D., Schukraft, A., Senadheera, D., Seo, S-H., Sergiampietri, F., Sirri, G., Smedley, J. S., Smith, J., Stanco, L., Stewart, J., Tanaka, H. A., Tapia, F., Tenti, M., Terao, K., Terranova, F., Togo, V., Torretta, D., Torti, M., Tortorici, F., Triozzi, R., Tsai, Y. -T., Tufanli, S., Usher, T., Varanini, F., Ventura, S., Vicenzi, M., Vignoli, C., Viren, B., Williams, Z., Wilson, R. J., Wilson, P., Wolfs, J., Wongjirad, T., Wood, A., Worcester, E., Wospakrik, M., Yu, H., Yu, J., Zani, A., Zennamo, J., Zettlemoyer, J., Zhang, C., and Zucchelli, S.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The ICARUS liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) neutrino detector has been taking physics data since 2022 as part of the Short-Baseline Neutrino (SBN) Program. This paper details the equalization of the response to charge in the ICARUS time projection chamber (TPC), as well as data-driven tuning of the simulation of ionization charge signals and electronics noise. The equalization procedure removes non-uniformities in the ICARUS TPC response to charge in space and time. This work leverages the copious number of cosmic ray muons available to ICARUS at the surface. The ionization signal shape simulation applies a novel procedure that tunes the simulation to match what is measured in data. The end result of the equalization procedure and simulation tuning allows for a comparison of charge measurements in ICARUS between Monte Carlo simulation and data, showing good performance with minimal residual bias between the two.
Published: 2024

6. DarkSide-20k sensitivity to light dark matter particles

Author: Collaboration, DarkSide-20k, Acerbi, F., Adhikari, P., Agnes, P., Ahmad, I., Albergo, S., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Alexander, T., Alton, A. K., Amaudruz, P., Angiolilli, M., Aprile, E., Ardito, R., Corona, M. Atzori, Auty, D. J., Ave, M., Avetisov, I. C., Azzolini, O., Back, H. O., Balmforth, Z., Olmedo, A. Barrado, Barrillon, P., Batignani, G., Bhowmick, P., Blua, S., Bocci, V., Bonivento, W., Bottino, B., Boulay, M. G., Buchowicz, A., Bussino, S., Busto, J., Cadeddu, M., Cadoni, M., Calabrese, R., Camillo, V., Caminata, A., Canci, N., Capra, A., Caravati, M., Cárdenas-Montes, M., Cargioli, N., Carlini, M., Castellani, A., Castello, P., Cavalcante, P., Cebrian, S., Ruiz, J. M. Cela, Chashin, S., Chepurnov, A., Cifarelli, L., Cintas, D., Citterio, M., Cleveland, B., Coadou, Y., Cocco, V., Colaiuda, D., Vilda, E. Conde, Consiglio, L., Costa, B. S., Czubak, M., D'Aniello, M., D'Auria, S., Rolo, M. D. Da Rocha, Darbo, G., Davini, S., De Cecco, S., De Guido, G., Dellacasa, G., Derbin, A. V., Devoto, A., Di Capua, F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Di Stefano, P., Dias, L. K., Mairena, D. Díaz, Ding, X., Dionisi, C., Dolganov, G., Dordei, F., Dronik, V., Elersich, A., Ellingwood, E., Erjavec, T., Diaz, M. Fernandez, Ficorella, A., Fiorillo, G., Franchini, P., Franco, D., Gatti, H. Frandini, Frolov, E., Gabriele, F., Gahan, D., Galbiati, C., Galiński, G., Gallina, G., Gallus, G., Garbini, M., Abia, P. Garcia, Gawdzik, A., Gendotti, A., Ghisi, A., Giovanetti, G. K., Casanueva, V. Goicoechea, Gola, A., Grandi, L., Grauso, G., di Cortona, G. Grilli, Grobov, A., Gromov, M., Guerzoni, M., Gulino, M., Guo, C., Hackett, B. R., Hallin, A., Hamer, A., Haranczyk, M., Harrop, B., Hessel, T., Hill, S., Horikawa, S., Hu, J., Hubaut, F., Hucker, J., Hugues, T., Hungerford, E. V., Ianni, A., Ippolito, V., Jamil, A., Jillings, C., Jois, S., Kachru, P., Keloth, R., Kemmerich, N., Kemp, A., Kendziora, C. L., Kimura, M., Kondo, K., Korga, G., Kotsiopoulou, L., Koulosousas, S., Kubankin, A., Kunzé, P., Kuss, M., Kuźniak, M., Kuzwa, M., La Commara, M., Lai, M., Guirriec, E. Le, Leason, E., Leoni, A., Lidey, L., Lissia, M., Luzzi, L., Lychagina, O., Macfadyen, O., Machulin, I. N., Manecki, S., Manthos, I., Mapelli, L., Marasciulli, A., Mari, S. M., Mariani, C., Maricic, J., Martinez, M., Martoff, C. J., Matteucci, G., Mavrokoridis, K., McDonald, A. B., Mclaughlin, J., Merzi, S., Messina, A., Milincic, R., Minutoli, S., Mitra, A., Moioli, S., Monroe, J., Moretti, E., Morrocchi, M., Mroz, T., Muratova, V. N., Murphy, M., Murra, M., Muscas, C., Musico, P., Nania, R., Nessi, M., Nieradka, G., Nikolopoulos, K., Nikoloudaki, E., Nowak, J., Olchanski, K., Oleinik, A., Oleynikov, V., Organtini, P., de Solórzano, A. Ortiz, Pallavicini, M., Pandola, L., Pantic, E., Paoloni, E., Papi, D., Pastuszak, G., Paternoster, G., Peck, A., Pegoraro, P. A., Pelczar, K., Pellegrini, L. A., Perez, R., Perotti, F., Pesudo, V., Piacentini, S. I., Pino, N., Plante, G., Pocar, A., Poehlmann, M., Pordes, S., Pralavorio, P., Price, D., Puglia, S., Bazetto, M. Queiroga, Ragusa, F., Ramachers, Y., Ramirez, A., Ravinthiran, S., Razeti, M., Renshaw, A. L., Rescigno, M., Retiere, F., Rignanese, L. P., Rivetti, A., Roberts, A., Roberts, C., Rogers, G., Romero, L., Rossi, M., Rubbia, A., Rudik, D., Sabia, M., Salomone, P., Samoylov, O., Sandford, E., Sanfilippo, S., Santone, D., Santorelli, R., Santos, E. M., Savarese, C., Scapparone, E., Schillaci, G., Schuckman II, F. G., Scioli, G., Semenov, D. A., Shalamova, V., Sheshukov, A., Simeone, M., Skensved, P., Skorokhvatov, M. D., Smirnov, O., Smirnova, T., Smith, B., Sotnikov, A., Spadoni, F., Spangenberg, M., Stefanizzi, R., Steri, A., Stornelli, V., Stracka, S., Sulis, S., Sung, A., Sunny, C., Suvorov, Y., Szelc, A. M., Taborda, O., Tartaglia, R., Taylor, A., Taylor, J., Tedesco, S., Testera, G., Thieme, K., Thompson, A., Tonazzo, A., Torres-Lara, S., Tricomi, A., Unzhakov, E. V., Vallivilayil, T. J., Van Uffelen, M., Velazquez-Fernandez, L., Viant, T., Viel, S., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., Vossebeld, J., Vyas, B., Walczak, M. B., Wang, Y., Wang, H., Westerdale, S., Williams, L., Wojaczyński, R., Wojcik, M., Wojcik, M. M., Wright, T., Xie, Y., Yang, C., Yin, J., Zabihi, A., Zakhary, P., Zani, A., Zhang, Y., Zhu, T., Zichichi, A., Zuzel, G., and Zykova, M. P.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The dual-phase liquid argon time projection chamber is presently one of the leading technologies to search for dark matter particles with masses below 10 GeV/c$^2$. This was demonstrated by the DarkSide-50 experiment with approximately 50 kg of low-radioactivity liquid argon as target material. The next generation experiment DarkSide-20k, currently under construction, will use 1,000 times more argon and is expected to start operation in 2027. Based on the DarkSide-50 experience, here we assess the DarkSide-20k sensitivity to models predicting light dark matter particles, including Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) and sub-GeV/c$^2$ particles interacting with electrons in argon atoms. With one year of data, a sensitivity improvement to dark matter interaction cross-sections by at least one order of magnitude with respect to DarkSide-50 is expected for all these models. A sensitivity to WIMP--nucleon interaction cross-sections below $1\times10^{-42}$ cm$^2$ is achievable for WIMP masses above 800 MeV/c$^2$. With 10 years exposure, the neutrino fog can be reached for WIMP masses around 5 GeV/c$^2$., Comment: submitted to Nature Communications
Published: 2024

7. Gyrokinetic flux-driven simulations in mixed TEM/ITG regime using a delta-f PIC scheme with evolving background

Author: Murugappan, Moahan, Villard, Laurent, Brunner, Stephan, Di Giannatale, Giovanni, McMillan, Ben Fynney, and Bottino, Alberto
Subjects: Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract: In the context of global gyrokinetic simulations of turbulence using a Particle-In-Cell framework, verifying the delta-f assumption with a fixed background distribution becomes challenging when determining quasi-steady state profiles corresponding to given sources over long time scales, where plasma profiles can evolve significantly. The advantage of low relative sampling noise afforded by the delta-f scheme is shown to be retained by considering the background as a time-evolving Maxwellian with time-dependent density and temperature profiles. Implementation of this adaptive scheme to simulate electrostatic collisionless flux-driven turbulence in tokamak plasmas show small and non-increasing sampling noise levels, which would otherwise increase indefinitely with a stationary background scheme. The adaptive scheme furthermore allows one to reach numerically converged results of quasi-steady state with much lower marker numbers.
Published: 2024

8. Modulational instability of Geodesic-Acoustic-Mode packets

Author: Korger, David, Poli, Emanuele, Biancalani, Alessandro, Bottino, Alberto, Maj, Omar, and Sama, Juvert Njeck
Subjects: Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract: Isolated, undamped geodesic-acoustic-mode (GAM) packets have been demonstrated to obey a (focusing) nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation (NLSE) [E. Poli, Phys. Plasmas 2021]. This equation predicts susceptibility of GAM packets to the modulational instability (MI). The necessary conditions for this instability are analyzed analytically and numerically using the NLSE model. The predictions of the NLSE are compared to gyrokinetic simulations performed with the global particle-in-cell code ORB5, where GAM packets are created from initial perturbations of the axisymmetric radial electric field $E_r$. An instability of the GAM packets with respect to modulations is observed both in cases in which an initial perturbation is imposed and when the instability develops spontaneously. However, significant differences in the dynamics of the small scales are discerned between the NLSE and gyrokinetic simulations. These discrepancies are mainly due to the radial dependence of the strength of the nonlinear term, which we do not retain in the solution of the NLSE, and to the damping of higher spectral components. The damping of the high-$k_r$ components, which develop as a consequence of the nonlinearity, can be understood in terms of Landau damping. The influence of the ion Larmor radius $\rho_i$ as well as the perturbation wavevector $k_{\text{pert}}$ on this effect is studied. For the parameters considered here the aforementioned damping mechanism hinders the MI process significantly from developing to its full extent and is strong enough to stabilize some of the (according to the undamped NLSE model) unstable wavevectors., Comment: 27 pages, 20 figures. This submission is associated to a contribution to the 20th European Fusion Theory Conference (EFTC) in Padua 2023. Submitted to the Journal of Plasma Physics issue for contributions from the 20th European Fusion Theory Conference
Published: 2024

9. A new hybrid gadolinium nanoparticles-loaded polymeric material for neutron detection in rare event searches

Author: Collaboration, DarkSide-20k, Acerbi, F., Adhikari, P., Agnes, P., Ahmad, I., Albergo, S., Albuquerque, I. F., Alexander, T., Alton, A. K., Amaudruz, P., Angiolilli, M., Aprile, E., Ardito, R., Corona, M. Atzori, Auty, D. J., Ave, M., Avetisov, I. C., Azzolini, O., Back, H. O., Balmforth, Z., Olmedo, A. Barrado, Barrillon, P., Batignani, G., Bhowmick, P., Bocci, V., Bonivento, W., Bottino, B., Boulay, M. G., Buchowicz, A., Bussino, S., Busto, J., Cadeddu, M., Cadoni, M., Calabrese, R., Camillo, V., Caminata, A., Canci, N., Capra, A., Caravati, M., Cárdenas-Montes, M., Cargioli, N., Carlini, M., Castellani, A., Castello, P., Cavalcante, P., Cavallo, D., Cebrian, S., Ruiz, J. Cela, Chashin, S., Chepurnov, A., Cifarelli, L., Cintas, D., Citterio, M., Cleveland, B., Coadou, Y., Cocco, V., Colaiuda, D., Vilda, E. Conde, Consiglio, L., Costa, B. S., Czubak, M., D'Auria, S., Rolo, M. D. Da Rocha, Darbo, G., Davini, S., De Cecco, S., De Guido, G., Dellacasa, G., Derbin, A. V., Devoto, A., Di Capua, F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Di Stefano, P., Dias, L. K., Mairena, D. Díaz, Ding, X., Dionisi, C., Dolganov, G., Dordei, F., Dronik, V., Elersich, A., Ellingwood, E., Erjavec, T., Diaz, M. Fernandez, Ficorella, A., Fiorillo, G., Franchini, P., Franco, D., Gatti, H. Frandini, Frolov, E., Gabriele, F., Gahan, D., Galbiati, C., Galinski, G., Gallina, G., Garbini, M., Abia, P. Garcia, Gawdzik, A., Gendotti, A., Ghisi, A., Giovanetti, G. K., Casanueva, V. Goicoechea, Gola, A., Grandi, L., Grauso, G., di Cortona, G. Grilli, Grobov, A., Gromov, M., Guerzoni, M., Gulino, M., Guo, C., Hackett, B. R., Hallin, A., Hamer, A., Haranczyk, M., Harrop, B., Hessel, T., Hill, S., Horikawa, S., Hu, J., Hubaut, F., Hucker, J., Hugues, T., Hungerford, E. V., Ianni, A., Ippolito, V., Jamil, A., Jillings, C., Keloth, R., Kemmerich, N., Kemp, A., Kendziora, C. L., Kimura, M., Kondo, K., Korga, G., Kotsiopoulou, L., Koulosousas, S., Kubankin, A., Kuss, M., Kuzniak, M., Kuzwa, M., La Commara, M., Lai, M., Guirriec, E. Le, Leason, E., Leoni, A., Lidey, L., Lissia, M., Luzzi, L., Lychagina, O., Macfadyen, O., Machulin, I. N., Manecki, S., Manthos, I., Mapelli, L., Marasciulli, A., Mari, S. M., Mariani, C., Maricic, J., Marini, A., Martinez, M., Martoff, C. J., Matteucci, G., Mavrokoridis, K., McDonald, A. B., Mclaughlin, J., Merzi, S., Messina, A., Milincic, R., Minutoli, S., Mitra, A., Moharana, A., Moioli, S., Monroe, J., Moretti, E., Morrocchi, M., Mroz, T., Muratova, V. N., Murphy, M., Murra, M., Muscas, C., Musico, P., Nania, R., Nessi, M., Nieradka, G., Nikolopoulos, K., Nikoloudaki, E., Nowak, J., Olchanski, K., Oleinik, A., Oleynikov, V., Organtini, P., de Solórzano, A. Ortiz, Pallavicini, M., Pandola, L., Pantic, E., Paoloni, E., Papi, D., Pastuszak, G., Paternoster, G., Peddis, D., Pegoraro, P. A., Pelczar, K., Pellegrini, L. A., Perez, R., Perotti, F., Pesudo, V., Piacentini, S. I., Pino, N., Plante, G., Pocar, A., Poehlmann, M., Pordes, S., Pralavorio, P., Price, D., Puglia, S., Bazetto, M. Queiroga, Ragusa, F., Ramachers, Y., Ramirez, A., Ravinthiran, S., Razeti, M., Renshaw, A. L., Rescigno, M., Retiere, F., Rignanese, L. P., Rivetti, A., Roberts, A., Roberts, C., Rogers, G., Romero, L., Rossi, M., Rubbia, A., Rudik, D., Sabia, M., Sadashivajois, S., Salomone, P., Samoylov, O., Sandford, E., Sanfilippo, S., Santone, D., Santorelli, R., Santos, E. M., Savarese, C., Scapparone, E., Schillaci, G., Schuckman II, F. G., Scioli, G., Semenov, D. A., Sheshukov, A., Simeone, M., Skensved, P., Skorokhvatov, M. D., Slimani, S., Smirnov, O., Smirnova, T., Smith, B., Sotnikov, A., Spadoni, F., Spangenberg, M., Stefanizzi, R., Steri, A., Stornelli, V., Stracka, S., Sulis, S., Sung, A., Sunny, C., Suvorov, Y., Szelc, A. M., Taborda, O., Tartaglia, R., Taylor, A., Taylor, J., Tedesco, S., Testera, G., Thieme, K., Thompson, A., Tonazzo, A., Torres-Lara, S., Tosi, S., Tricomi, A., Unzhakov, E. V., Vallivilayil, T. J., Van Uffelen, M., Velazquez-Fernandez, L., Viant, T., Vicini, S., Viel, S., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., Vossebeld, J., Vyas, B., Wada, M., Walczak, M. B., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Westerdale, S., Williams, L., Wojaczynski, R., Wojcik, M. M., Wojcik, M., Wright, T., Xie, Y., Yang, C., Yin, J., Zabihi, A., Zakhary, P., Zani, A., Zhang, Y., Zhu, T., Zichichi, A., Zuzel, G., and Zykova, M. P.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Experiments aimed at direct searches for WIMP dark matter require highly effective reduction of backgrounds and control of any residual radioactive contamination. In particular, neutrons interacting with atomic nuclei represent an important class of backgrounds due to the expected similarity of a WIMP-nucleon interaction, so that such experiments often feature a dedicated neutron detector surrounding the active target volume. In the context of the development of DarkSide-20k detector at INFN Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS), several R&D projects were conceived and developed for the creation of a new hybrid material rich in both hydrogen and gadolinium nuclei to be employed as an essential element of the neutron detector. Thanks to its very high cross-section for neutron capture, gadolinium is one of the most widely used elements in neutron detectors, while the hydrogen-rich material is instrumental in efficiently moderating the neutrons. In this paper results from one of the R&Ds are presented. In this effort the new hybrid material was obtained as a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix, loaded with gadolinium oxide in the form of nanoparticles. We describe its realization, including all phases of design, purification, construction, characterization, and determination of mechanical properties of the new material.
Published: 2024
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10. AI Royalties -- an IP Framework to Compensate Artists & IP Holders for AI-Generated Content

Author: Ducru, Pablo, Raiman, Jonathan, Lemos, Ronaldo, Garner, Clay, He, George, Balcha, Hanna, Souto, Gabriel, Branco, Sergio, and Bottino, Celina
Subjects: Computer Science - Computers and Society, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract: This article investigates how AI-generated content can disrupt central revenue streams of the creative industries, in particular the collection of dividends from intellectual property (IP) rights. It reviews the IP and copyright questions related to the input and output of generative AI systems. A systematic method is proposed to assess whether AI-generated outputs, especially images, infringe previous copyrights, using a similarity metric (CLIP) between images against historical copyright rulings. An examination (economic and technical feasibility) of previously proposed compensation frameworks reveals their financial implications for creatives and IP holders. Lastly, we propose a novel IP framework for compensation of artists and IP holders based on their published "licensed AIs" as a new medium and asset from which to collect AI royalties., Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures, submitted to AAAI
Published: 2024

11. System size scaling of triangularity effects on global temperature gradient-driven gyrokinetic simulations

Author: Di Giannatale, Giovanni, Bottino, Alberto, Brunner, Stephan, Murugappan, Moahan, and Villard, Laurent
Subjects: Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract: In this work, we explore the triangularity effects on turbulent transport employing global gyrokinetic simulations performed with the ORB5 code. Numerous experiments on the Tokamak \`a Configuration Variable (TCV) and, more recently, on the DIII-D machine, have demonstrated superior confinement properties in L-mode of negative triangularity (NT) over positive triangularity (PT) configuration. This presents a particularly attractive scenario, as L-mode operation eliminates or significantly mitigates the presence of hazardous edge-localized modes (ELMs). However, a full theoretical understanding of all these observations remains elusive. Specifically, questions remain about how NT improvements can extend to the core where triangularity is very small, and whether these improvements can scale to larger devices. This paper addresses these two questions. Our analysis is divided into two parts: we first demonstrate that the confinement enhancement in NT configurations arises from the interdependent edge-core dynamics, and then we present the results of a system size scan. Crucially, we find that the relative turbulent transport reduction of NT over PT appears not to be contingent on machine dimensions or fluctuation scales and is moreover robust with respect to variations in plasma profiles. This insight underscores the fundamental nature of the NT confinement advantage and paves the way for its potential application in future fusion devices, regardless of their size.
Published: 2024
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12. Ion temperature gradient mode mitigation by energetic particles, mediated by forced-driven zonal flows

Author: Sama, Juvert Njeck, Biancalani, Alessandro, Bottino, Alberto, Del Sarto, Daniele, Dumont, Remi, Di Giannatale, Giovanni., Ghizzo, Alain, Hayward-Schneider, Thomas, Lauber, Philipp, McMillan, Ben, Mishchenko, Alexey, Muruggapan, Moahan, Rettino, Brando, Rofman, Baruch, Vannini, Francesco, Villard, Laurent, and Wang, Xin
Subjects: Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract: In this work, we use the global electromagnetic and electrostatic gyro kinetic approaches to investigate the effects of zonal flows forced-driven by Alfv\'en modes due to their excitation by energetic particles (EPs), on the dynamics of ITG (Ion temperature gradient) instabilities. The equilibrium of the 92416 JET tokamak shot is considered. The linear and nonlinear Alfv\'en modes dynamics, as well as the zonal flow dynamics, are investigated and their respective radial structures and saturation levels are reported. ITG dynamics in the presence of the zonal flows excited by these Alfv\'en modes are also investigated. We find that, the zonal flows forced-driven by Alfv\'en modes can significantly impact the ITG dynamics. A zonal flow amplitude scan reveals the existence of an inverse relation between the zonal flow amplitude and the ITG growth rate. These results show that, forced-driven zonal flows can be an important indirect part of turbulence mitigation due to the injection of energetic particles., Comment: 13 pages, 10 figures
Published: 2024

13. Long-term temporal stability of the DarkSide-50 dark matter detector

Author: Collaboration, The DarkSide-50, Agnes, P., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Alexander, T., Alton, A. K., Ave, M., Back, H. O., Batignani, G., Biery, K., Bocci, V., Bonivento, W. M., Bottino, B., Bussino, S., Cadeddu, M., Cadoni, M., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Campos, M. D., Canci, N., Caravati, M., Cargioli, N., Cariello, M., Carlini, M., Cataudella, V., Cavalcante, P., Cavuoti, S., Chashin, S., Chepurnov, A., Cicalò, C., Covone, G., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., De Candia, A., De Cecco, S., De Filippis, G., De Rosa, G., Derbin, A. V., Devoto, A., D'Incecco, M., Dionisi, C., Dordei, F., Downing, M., D'Urso, D., Fairbairn, M., Fiorillo, G., Franco, D., Gabriele, F., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giganti, C., Giovanetti, G. K., Goretti, A. M., di Cortona, G. Grilli, Grobov, A., Gromov, M., Guan, M., Gulino, M., Hackett, B. R., Herner, K., Hessel, T., Hosseini, B., Hubaut, F., Hugues, T., Hungerford, E. V., Ianni, An., Ippolito, V., Keeter, K., Kendziora, C. L., Kimura, M., Kochanek, I., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kubankin, A., Kuss, M., Kuźniak, M., La Commara, M., Lai, M., Li, X., Lissia, M., Longo, G., Lychagina, O., Machulin, I. N., Mapelli, L. P., Mari, S. M., Maricic, J., Messina, A., Milincic, R., Monroe, J., Morrocchi, M., Mougeot, X., Muratova, V. N., Musico, P., Nozdrina, A. O., Oleinik, A., Ortica, F., Pagani, L., Pallavicini, M., Pandola, L., Pantic, E., Paoloni, E., Pelczar, K., Pelliccia, N., Piacentini, S., Pocar, A., Poehlmann, D. M., Pordes, S., Poudel, S. S., Pralavorio, P., Price, D. D., Ragusa, F., Razeti, M., Razeto, A., Renshaw, A. L., Rescigno, M., Rode, J., Romani, A., Sablone, D., Samoylov, O., Sandford, E., Sands, W., Sanfilippo, S., Savarese, C., Schlitzer, B., Semenov, D. A., Shchagin, A., Sheshukov, A., Skorokhvatov, M. D., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Stracka, S., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Tonazzo, A., Unzhakov, E. V., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., Wada, M., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Westerdale, S., Wojcik, M. M., Xiao, X., Yang, C., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The stability of a dark matter detector on the timescale of a few years is a key requirement due to the large exposure needed to achieve a competitive sensitivity. It is especially crucial to enable the detector to potentially detect any annual event rate modulation, an expected dark matter signature. In this work, we present the performance history of the DarkSide-50 dual-phase argon time projection chamber over its almost three-year low-radioactivity argon run. In particular, we focus on the electroluminescence signal that enables sensitivity to sub-keV energy depositions. The stability of the electroluminescence yield is found to be better than 0.5%. Finally, we show the temporal evolution of the observed event rate around the sub-keV region being consistent to the background prediction., Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2023
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14. Relative Norm Alignment for Tackling Domain Shift in Deep Multi-modal Classification

Author: Planamente, Mirco, Plizzari, Chiara, Peirone, Simone Alberto, Caputo, Barbara, and Bottino, Andrea
Published: 2024
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15. Correction to: Near‑global summer circulation response to the spring surface temperature anomaly in Tibetan Plateau –– the GEWEX/LS4P first phase experiment

Author: Zhang, Yang, Pan, Yan, Xue, Yongkang, Diallo, Ismaila, Zeng, Xubin, Li, Shuting, Neelin, J David, Lau, William KM, Boone, Aaron A, Vitart, Frederic, Yao, Tandong, Tang, Qi, Sato, Tomonori, Koo, Myung-Seo, Ardilouze, Constantin, Saha, Subodh K, Yang, Jing, Materia, Stefano, Lin, Zhaohui, Qi, Xin, Qin, Yi, Nakamura, Tetsu, Nobre, Paulo, Peano, Daniele, Senan, Retish, Takaya, Yuhei, Wang, Hailan, Zhang, Hongliang, Zhan, Yanling, Zhao, Mei, Mechoso, Carlos R, Bao, Qing, Bottino, Marcus Jorge, Hong, Songyou, Lin, Yanluan, Xie, Shaocheng, Pan, Xiaoduo, Nayak, Hara Prasad, Chou, Sin Chan, and Guo, Weidong
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Oceanography, Atmospheric Sciences, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, Atmospheric sciences, Climate change science
Abstract: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-024-07210-5. In this article 17 references, which were wrongly moved to the Supplementary Information, need to be added. The list of added references as given below: The original article has been corrected
Published: 2024

16. Near-global summer circulation response to the spring surface temperature anomaly in Tibetan Plateau –– the GEWEX/LS4P first phase experiment

Author: Zhang, Yang, Pan, Yan, Xue, Yongkang, Diallo, Ismaila, Zeng, Xubin, Li, Shuting, Neelin, J David, Lau, William KM, Boone, Aaron A, Vitart, Frederic, Yao, Tandong, Tang, Qi, Sato, Tomonori, Koo, Myung-Seo, Ardilouze, Constantin, Saha, Subodh K, Yang, Jing, Materia, Stefano, Lin, Zhaohui, Qi, Xin, Qin, Yi, Nakamura, Tetsu, Nobre, Paulo, Peano, Daniele, Senan, Retish, Takaya, Yuhei, Wang, Hailan, Zhang, Hongliang, Zhan, Yanling, Zhao, Mei, Mechoso, Carlos R, Bao, Qing, Bottino, Marcus Jorge, Hong, Songyou, Lin, Yanluan, Xie, Shaocheng, Pan, Xiaoduo, Nayak, Hara Prasad, Chou, Sin Chan, and Guo, Weidong
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Oceanography, Atmospheric Sciences, Climate Action, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, Atmospheric sciences, Climate change science
Abstract: Abstract: Subseasonal to seasonal (S2S) prediction of droughts and floods is one of the major challenges of weather and climate prediction. Recent studies suggest that the springtime land surface temperature/subsurface temperature (LST/SUBT) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) can be a new source of S2S predictability. The project “Impact of Initialized Land Surface Temperature and Snowpack on Subseasonal to Seasonal Prediction (LS4P)” was initiated to study the impact of springtime LST/SUBT anomalies over high mountain areas on summertime precipitation predictions. The present work explores the simulated global scale response of the atmospheric circulation to the springtime TP land surface cooling by 16 current state-of-the-art Earth System Models (ESMs) participating in the LS4P Phase I (LS4P-I) experiment. The LS4P-I results show, for the first time, that springtime TP surface anomalies can modulate a persistent quasi-barotropic Tibetan Plateau-Rocky Mountain Circumglobal (TRC) wave train from the TP via the northeast Asia and Bering Strait to the western part of the North America, along with the springtime westerly jet from TP across the whole North Pacific basin. The TRC wave train modulated by the TP thermal anomaly play a critical role on the early summer surface air temperature and precipitation anomalies in the regions along the wave train, especially over the northwest North America and the southern Great Plains. The participant models that fail in capturing the TRC wave train greatly under-predict climate anomalies in reference to observations and the successful models. These results suggest that the TP LST/SUBT anomaly via the TRC wave train is the first order source of the S2S variability in the regions mentioned. Furthermore, the TP surface temperature anomaly can influence the Southern Hemispheric circulation by generating cross-equator wave trains. However, the simulated propagation pathways from the TP into the Southern Hemisphere show large inter-model differences. More dynamical understanding of the TRC wave train as well as its cross-equator propagation into the Southern Hemisphere will be explored in the newly launched LS4P phase II experiment.
Published: 2024

17. Anti-inflammatory potential of casein enzymatic hydrolysate/gelatin methacryloyl scaffolds for vital pulp therapy

Author: Paymanpour, Payam, Anselmi, Caroline, Cardoso, Lais M., de Carvalho, Ana Beatriz Gomes, Soares, Igor Paulino Mendes, Hebling, Josimeri, Dal-Fabbro, Renan, and Bottino, Marco C.
Published: 2024
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18. The Italian Unitary Society of Colon-Proctology (Società Italiana Unitaria di Colonproctologia) guidelines for the management of acute and chronic hemorrhoidal disease

Author: Antonio Brillantino, Adolfo Renzi, Pasquale Talento, Luigi Brusciano, Luigi Marano, Maurizio Grillo, Mauro Natale Maglio, Fabrizio Foroni, Alessio Palumbo, Maria Laura Sandoval Sotelo, Luciano Vicenzo, Michele Lanza, Giovanna Frezza, Massimo Antropoli, Claudio Gambardella, Luigi Monaco, Ilaria Ferrante, Domenico Izzo, Alfredo Giordano, Michele Pinto, Corrado Fantini, Marcello Gasparrini, Michele Schiano Di Visconte, Francesca Milazzo, Giovanni Ferreri, Andrea Braini, Umberto Cocozza, Massimo Pezzatini, Valeria Gianfreda, Alberto Di Leo, Vincenzo Landolfi, Umberto Favetta, Sergio Agradi, Giovanni Marino, Massimiliano Varriale, Massimo Mongardini, Claudio Eduardo Fernando Antonio Pagano, Riccardo Brachet Contul, Nando Gallese, Giampiero Ucchino, Michele D’Ambra, Roberto Rizzato, Giacomo Sarzo, Bruno Masci, Francesca Da Pozzo, Simona Ascanelli, Patrizia Liguori, Angela Pezzolla, Francesca Iacobellis, Erika Boriani, Eugenio Cudazzo, Francesca Babic, Carmelo Geremia, Alessandro Bussotti, Mario Cicconi, Antonia Di Sarno, Federico Maria Mongardini, Antonio Brescia, Leonardo Lenisa, Massimiliano Mistrangelo, Matteo Zuin, Marta Mozzon, Alessandro Paolo Chiriatti, Vincenzo Bottino, Antonio Ferronetti, Corrado Rispoli, Ludovico Carbone, Giuseppe Calabrò, Antonino Tirrò, Domenico de Vito, Giovanna Ioia, Giovanni Luca Lamanna, Lorenzo Asciore, Ettore Greco, Pierluigi Bianchi, Giuseppe D’Oriano, Alessandro Stazi, Nicola Antonacci, Raffaella Marina Di Renzo, Gianmario Edoardo Poto, Giuseppe Paolo Ferulano, Antonio Longo, and Ludovico Docimo
Subjects: hemorrhoids, stapled hemorrhoidopexy, hemorrhoidopexy, hemorrhoidal artery ligation and mucopexy, laser hemorrhoidoplasty, Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology, RC799-869
Abstract: The aim of these evidence-based guidelines is to present a consensus position from members of the Italian Unitary Society of Colon-Proctology (Società Italiana Unitaria di Colon-Proctologia, SIUCP) on the diagnosis and management of hemorrhoidal disease, with the goal of guiding physicians in the choice of the best treatment option. A panel of experts was charged by the Board of the SIUCP to develop key questions on the main topics related to the management of hemorrhoidal disease and to perform an accurate and comprehensive literature search on each topic, in order to provide evidence-based answers to the questions and to summarize them in statements. All the clinical questions were discussed by the expert panel in multiple rounds through the Delphi approach and, for each statement, a consensus among the experts was reached. The questions were created according to PICO (patients, intervention, comparison, and outcomes) criteria, and the statements were developed adopting the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations) methodology. In cases of grade 1 hemorrhoidal prolapse, outpatient procedures including hemorrhoidal laser procedure and sclerotherapy may be considered the preferred surgical options. For grade 2 prolapse, nonexcisional procedures including outpatient treatments, hemorrhoidal artery ligation and mucopexy, laser hemorrhoidoplasty, the Rafaelo procedure, and stapled hemorrhoidopexy may represent the first-line treatment options, whereas excisional surgery may be considered in selected cases. In cases of grades 3 and 4, stapled hemorrhoidopexy and hemorrhoidectomy may represent the most effective procedures, even if, in the expert panel opinion, stapled hemorrhoidopexy represents the gold-standard treatment for grade 3 hemorrhoidal prolapse.
Published: 2024
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19. Directionality of nuclear recoils in a liquid argon time projection chamber

Author: Collaboration, The DarkSide-20k, Agnes, P., Ahmad, I., Albergo, S., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Alexander, T., Alton, A. K., Amaudruz, P., Corona, M. Atzori, Ave, M., Avetisov, I. Ch., Azzolini, O., Back, H. O., Balmforth, Z., Barrado-Olmedo, A., Barrillon, P., Basco, A., Batignani, G., Bocci, V., Bonivento, W. M., Bottino, B., Boulay, M. G., Busto, J., Cadeddu, M., Caminata, A., Canci, N., Cappello, G., Capra, A., Caprioli, S., Caravati, M., Cargioli, N., Carlini, M., Castello, P., Cataudella, V., Cavalcante, P., Cavuoti, S., Cebrian, S., Ruiz, J. M. Cela, Chashin, S., Chepurnov, A., Chyhyrynets, E., Cifarelli, L., Cintas, D., Citterio, M., Cleveland, B., Cocco, V., Vilda, E. Conde, Consiglio, L., Copello, S., Covone, G., Czubak, M., D'Aniello, M., D'Auria, S., Rolo, M. D. Da Rocha, Davini, S., de Candia, A., De Cecco, S., De Gruttola, D., De Filippis, G., Dell'Aquila, D., De Pasquale, S., De Rosa, G., Dellacasa, G., Derbin, A. V., Devoto, A., Di Capua, F., Di Noto, L., Dionisi, C., Di Stefano, P., Dolganov, G., Dordei, F., Elersich, A., Ellingwood, E., Erjavec, T., Diaz, M. Fernandez, Fiorillo, G., Franchini, P., Franco, D., Funicello, N., Gabriele, F., Gahan, D., Galbiati, C., Gallina, G., Gallus, G., Garbini, M., Abia, P. Garcia, Gendotti, A., Ghiano, C., Giganti, C., Giovanetti, G. K., Casanueva, V. Goicoechea, Gola, A., Grauso, G., di Cortona, G. Grilli, Grobov, A., Gromov, M., Guan, M., Guerzoni, M., Gulino, M., Guo, C., Hackett, B. R., Hallin, A. L., Hamer, A., Haranczyk, M., Hessel, T., Hill, S., Horikawa, S., Hubaut, F., Hucker, J., Hugues, T., Ianni, An., Ippolito, V., Jillings, C., Jois, S., Kachru, P., Kemmerich, N., Kemp, A. A., Kendziora, C. L., Kimura, M., Kochanek, I., Kondo, K., Korga, G., Koulosousas, S., Kubankin, A., Kuss, M., Kuzniak, M., La Commara, M., Lai, M., Guirriec, E. Le, Leason, E., Leoni, A., Li, X., Lidey, L., Lissia, M., Luzzi, L., Lychagina, O., Macfadyen, O., Machulin, I. N., Manecki, S., Manthos, I., Mapelli, L., Margotti, A., Marik, S. M., Mariani, C., Maricic, J., Marini, A., Martínez, M., Martoff, C. J., Matteucci, G., Mavrokoridis, K., McDonald, A. B., Messina, A., Milincic, R., Mitra, A., Moharana, A., Monroe, J., Moretti, E., Morrocchi, M., Mróz, T., Muratova, V. N., Muscas, C., Musico, P., Nania, R., Nessi, M., Nieradka, G., Nikolopoulos, K., Nowak, J., Olchansky, K., Oleinik, A., Oleynikov, V., Organtini, P., de Solórzano, A. Ortiz, Pagani, L., Pallavicini, M., Pandola, L., Pantic, E., Paoloni, E., Paternoster, G., Pegoraro, P. A., Pelczar, K., Pesudo, V., Piacentini, S., Pino, N., Pocar, A., Poehlmann, D. M., Pordes, S., Pralavorio, P., Price, D., Ragusa, F., Ramachers, Y., Razeti, M., Renshaw, A. L., Rescigno, M., Retiere, F., Rignanese, L. P., Ripoli, C., Rivetti, A., Roberts, A., Roberts, C., Rode, J., Rogers, G., Romero, L., Rossi, M., Rubbia, A., Sabia, M. A., Salomone, P., Sandford, E., Sanfilippo, S., Santone, D., Santorelli, R., Savarese, C., Scapparone, E., Schillaci, G., Schuckman II, F. G., Scioli, G., Simeone, M., Skensved, P., Skorokhvatov, M. D., Smirnov, O., Smirnova, T., Smith, B., Sosa, A., Spadoni, F., Spangenberg, M., Stefanizzi, R., Steri, A., Stornelli, V., Stracka, S., Stringer, M., Sulis, S., Sung, A., Suvorov, Y., Szelc, A. M., Tartaglia, R., Taylor, A., Taylor, J., Tedesco, S., Testera, G., Thieme, K., Thorpe, T. N., Tonazzo, A., Tricomi, A., Unzhakov, E. V., John, T. Vallivilayil, Van Uffelen, M., Viant, T., Viel, S., Vogelaar, R. B., Vossebeld, J., Wada, M., Walczak, M. B., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Westerdale, S., Williams, L., Wingerter-Seez, I., Wojaczynski, R., Wojcik, Ma. M., Wright, T., Xie, Y., Yang, C., Zabihi, A., Zakhary, P., Zani, A., Zichichi, A., Zuzel, G., and Zykova, M. P.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The direct search for dark matter in the form of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMP) is performed by detecting nuclear recoils (NR) produced in a target material from the WIMP elastic scattering. A promising experimental strategy for direct dark matter search employs argon dual-phase time projection chambers (TPC). One of the advantages of the TPC is the capability to detect both the scintillation and charge signals produced by NRs. Furthermore, the existence of a drift electric field in the TPC breaks the rotational symmetry: the angle between the drift field and the momentum of the recoiling nucleus can potentially affect the charge recombination probability in liquid argon and then the relative balance between the two signal channels. This fact could make the detector sensitive to the directionality of the WIMP-induced signal, enabling unmistakable annual and daily modulation signatures for future searches aiming for discovery. The Recoil Directionality (ReD) experiment was designed to probe for such directional sensitivity. The TPC of ReD was irradiated with neutrons at the INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, and data were taken with 72 keV NRs of known recoil directions. The direction-dependent liquid argon charge recombination model by Cataudella et al. was adopted and a likelihood statistical analysis was performed, which gave no indications of significant dependence of the detector response to the recoil direction. The aspect ratio R of the initial ionization cloud is estimated to be 1.037 +/- 0.027 and the upper limit is R < 1.072 with 90% confidence level, Comment: 20 pages, 10 figures, submitted to Eur. Phys. J. C
Published: 2023

20. Search for dark matter annual modulation with DarkSide-50

Author: Collaboration, The DarkSide-50, Agnes, P., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Alexander, T., Alton, A. K., Ave, M., Back, H. O., Batignani, G., Biery, K., Bocci, V., Bonivento, W. M., Bottino, B., Bussino, S., Cadeddu, M., Cadoni, M., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Campos, M. D., Canci, N., Caravati, M., Cargioli, N., Cariello, M., Carlini, M., Cataudella, V., Cavalcante, P., Cavuoti, S., Chashin, S., Chepurnov, A., Cicalò, C., Covone, G., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., De Candia, A., De Cecco, S., De Filippis, G., De Rosa, G., Derbin, A. V., Devoto, A., D'Incecco, M., Dionisi, C., Dordei, F., Downing, M., D'Urso, D., Fairbairn, M., Fiorillo, G., Franco, D., Gabriele, F., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giganti, C., Giovanetti, G. K., Goretti, A. M., di Cortona, G. Grilli, Grobov, A., Gromov, M., Guan, M., Gulino, M., Hackett, B. R., Herner, K., Hessel, T., Hosseini, B., Hubaut, F., Hugues, T., Hungerford, E. V., Ianni, An., Ippolito, V., Keeter, K., Kendziora, C. L., Kimura, M., Kochanek, I., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kubankin, A., Kuss, M., Kuźniak, M., La Commara, M., Lai, M., Li, X., Lissia, M., Longo, G., Lychagina, O., Machulin, I. N., Mapelli, L. P., Mari, S. M., Maricic, J., Messina, A., Milincic, R., Monroe, J., Morrocchi, M., Mougeot, X., Muratova, V. N., Musico, P., Nozdrina, A. O., Oleinik, A., Ortica, F., Pagani, L., Pallavicini, M., Pandola, L., Pantic, E., Paoloni, E., Pelczar, K., Pelliccia, N., Piacentini, S., Pocar, A., Poehlmann, D. M., Pordes, S., Poudel, S. S., Pralavorio, P., Price, D. D., Ragusa, F., Razeti, M., Razeto, A., Renshaw, A. L., Rescigno, M., Rode, J., Romani, A., Sablone, D., Samoylov, O., Sandford, E., Sands, W., Sanfilippo, S., Savarese, C., Schlitzer, B., Semenov, D. A., Shchagin, A., Sheshukov, A., Skorokhvatov, M. D., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Stracka, S., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Tonazzo, A., Unzhakov, E. V., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., Wada, M., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Westerdale, S., Wojcik, M. M., Xiao, X., Yang, C., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Dark matter induced event rate in an Earth-based detector is predicted to show an annual modulation as a result of the Earth's orbital motion around the Sun. We searched for this modulation signature using the ionization signal of the DarkSide-50 liquid argon time projection chamber. No significant signature compatible with dark matter is observed in the electron recoil equivalent energy range above $40~{\rm eV_{ee}}$, the lowest threshold ever achieved in such a search., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2023

21. Nonlinear interaction of Alfv\'enic instabilities and turbulence via the modification of the equilibrium profiles

Author: Biancalani, A., Bottino, A., Del Sarto, D., Falessi, M. V., Hayward-Schneider, T., Lauber, P., Mishchenko, A., Rettino, B., Sama, J. N., Vannini, F., Villard, L., Wang, X., and Zonca, F.
Subjects: Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract: Nonlinear simulations of Alfv\'en modes (AM) driven by energetic particles (EP) in the presence of turbulence are performed with the gyrokinetic particle-in-cell code ORB5. The AMs carry a heat flux, and consequently they nonlinearly modify the plasma temperature profiles. The isolated effect of this modification on the dynamics of turbulence is studied, by means of electrostatic simulations. We find that turbulence is reduced when the profiles relaxed by the AM are used, with respect to the simulation where the unperturbed profiles are used. This is an example of indirect interaction of EPs and turbulence. First, an analytic magnetic equilibrium with circular concentric flux surfaces is considered as a simplified example for this study. Then, an application to an experimentally relevant case of ASDEX Upgrade is discussed.
Published: 2023

22. How accurate are flux-tube (local) gyrokinetic codes in modeling energetic particle effects on core turbulence?

Author: Di Siena, A., Hayward-Schneider, T., Mantica, P., Citrin, J., Vannini, F., Bottino, A., Goerler, T., Poli, E., Bilato, R., Sauter, O., and Jenko, F.
Subjects: Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract: Flux-tube gyrokinetic codes are widely used to simulate drift-wave turbulence in magnetic confinement devices. While a large number of studies show that flux-tube codes provide an excellent approximation for turbulent transport in medium-large devices, it still needs to be determined whether they are sufficient for modeling supra-thermal particle effects on core turbulence. This is called into question given the large temperature of energetic particles (EPs), which makes them hardly confined on a single flux-surface, but also due to the radially broad mode structure of energetic-particle-driven modes. The primary focus of this manuscript is to assess the range of validity of flux-tube codes in modeling fast ion effects by comparing radially global turbulence simulations with flux-tube results at different radial locations for realistic JET parameters using the gyrokinetic code GENE. To extend our study to a broad range of different plasma scenarios, this comparison is made for four different plasma regimes, which differ only by the profile of the ratio between the plasma kinetic and magnetic pressure. The latter is artificially rescaled to address the electrostatic limit and regimes with marginally stable, weakly unstable and strongly unstable fast ion modes. These energetic-particle-driven modes is identified as an AITG/KBAE via linear ORB5 and LIGKA simulations. It is found that the local flux-tube simulations can recover well the global results only in the electrostatic and marginally stable cases. When the AITG/KBAE becomes linearly unstable, the local approximation fails to correctly model the radially broad fast ion mode structure and the consequent global zonal patterns. According to this study, global turbulence simulations are likely required in regimes with linearly unstable AITG/KBAEs. In conditions with different fast ion-driven modes, these results might change.
Published: 2023

23. Mosquito Transposon-Mediated Transgenesis.

Author: Bottino-Rojas, Vanessa and James, Anthony A
Subjects: Biological Sciences, Genetics, Vector-Borne Diseases, Infectious Diseases, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Underpinning research, Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural), Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Clinical Sciences, Biochemistry and cell biology
Abstract: Transposon-mediated transgenesis of mosquito vectors of disease pathogens followed the early success of transgenesis in the vinegar fly, Drosophila melanogaster The P transposable element used in Drosophila does not function canonically in mosquitoes, and repeatable, routine transgenesis in mosquitoes was not accomplished until new transposable elements were discovered and validated. A number of distinct transposons were subsequently identified that mediate the introduction of exogenous DNA in a stable and heritable manner in mosquito species, including members of the genera Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex The most versatile element, piggyBac, is functional in all of these mosquito genera, as well as in many other insects in diverse orders, and has been used extensively outside the class. Transposon-mediated transgenesis of recessive and dominant marker genes and reporter systems has been used to define functional fragments of gene control sequences, introduce exogenous DNA encoding products beneficial to medical interests, and act as "enhancer traps" to identify endogenous genes with specific expression characteristics.
Published: 2023

24. Generating and Validating Transgenic Mosquitoes with Transposon-Mediated Transgenesis.

Author: Bottino-Rojas, Vanessa and James, Anthony A
Subjects: Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biological Sciences, Vector-Borne Diseases, Infectious Diseases, Genetics, Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural), Clinical Sciences, Biochemistry and cell biology
Abstract: Transposon-mediated transgenesis has revolutionized both basic and applied studies of mosquito vectors of disease. Currently, techniques such as enhancer traps and transposon tagging, which rely on remobilizable insertional mutagenesis, are only possible with transposon-based vector systems. Here, we provide general descriptions of methods and applications of transposon-based mosquito transgenesis. The exact procedures must be adapted to each mosquito species and comparisons of some differences among different mosquito species are outlined. A number of excellent publications showing detailed and specific protocols and methods are featured and referenced.
Published: 2023

25. Remote effects of Tibetan Plateau spring land temperature on global subseasonal to seasonal precipitation prediction and comparison with effects of sea surface temperature: the GEWEX/LS4P Phase I experiment

Author: Xue, Yongkang, Diallo, Ismaila, Boone, Aaron A, Zhang, Yang, Zeng, Xubin, Lau, William KM, Neelin, J David, Yao, Tandong, Tang, Qi, Sato, Tomonori, Koo, Myung-Seo, Vitart, Frederic, Ardilouze, Constantin, Saha, Subodh K, Materia, Stefano, Lin, Zhaohui, Takaya, Yuhei, Yang, Jing, Nakamura, Tetsu, Qi, Xin, Qin, Yi, Nobre, Paulo, Senan, Retish, Wang, Hailan, Zhang, Hongliang, Zhao, Mei, Nayak, Hara Prasad, Pan, Yan, Pan, Xiaoduo, Feng, Jinming, Shi, Chunxiang, Xie, Shaocheng, Brunke, Michael A, Bao, Qing, Bottino, Marcus Jorge, Fan, Tianyi, Hong, Songyou, Lin, Yanluan, Peano, Daniele, Zhan, Yanling, Mechoso, Carlos R, Ren, Xuejuan, Balsamo, Gianpaolo, Chou, Sin Chan, de Rosnay, Patricia, van Oevelen, Peter J, Klocke, Daniel, Ek, Michael, Li, Xin, Guo, Weidong, Zhu, Yuejian, Tang, Jianping, Liang, Xin-Zhong, Qian, Yun, and Zhao, Ping
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Oceanography, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Abstract: Abstract: The prediction skill for precipitation anomalies in late spring and summer months—a significant component of extreme climate events—has remained stubbornly low for years. This paper presents a new idea that utilizes information on boreal spring land surface temperature/subsurface temperature (LST/SUBT) anomalies over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) to improve prediction of subsequent summer droughts/floods over several regions over the world, East Asia and North America in particular. The work was performed in the framework of the GEWEX/LS4P Phase I (LS4P-I) experiment, which focused on whether the TP LST/SUBT provides an additional source for subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) predictability. The summer 2003, when there were severe drought/flood over the southern/northern part of the Yangtze River basin, respectively, has been selected as the focus case. With the newly developed LST/SUBT initialization method, the observed surface temperature anomaly over the TP has been partially produced by the LS4P-I model ensemble mean, and 8 hotspot regions in the world were identified where June precipitation is significantly associated with anomalies of May TP land temperature. Consideration of the TP LST/SUBT effect has produced about 25–50% of observed precipitation anomalies in most hotspot regions. The multiple models have shown more consistency in the hotspot regions along the Tibetan Plateau-Rocky Mountain Circumglobal (TRC) wave train. The mechanisms for the LST/SUBT effect on the 2003 drought over the southern part of the Yangtze River Basin are discussed. For comparison, the global SST effect has also been tested and 6 regions with significant SST effects were identified in the 2003 case, explaining about 25–50% of precipitation anomalies over most of these regions. This study suggests that the TP LST/SUBT effect is a first-order source of S2S precipitation predictability, and hence it is comparable to that of the SST effect. With the completion of the LS4P-I, the LS4P-II has been launched and the LS4P-II protocol is briefly presented.
Published: 2023

26. Synthetic high-density lipoprotein (sHDL): a bioinspired nanotherapeutics for managing periapical bone inflammation

Author: Dal-Fabbro, Renan, Yu, Minzhi, Mei, Ling, Sasaki, Hajime, Schwendeman, Anna, and Bottino, Marco C.
Published: 2024
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27. Comparison of “IN-REC-SUR-E” and LISA in preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial (IN-REC-LISA trial)

Author: Vento, Giovanni, Paladini, Angela, Aurilia, C., Ozdemir, S. Alkan, Carnielli, V. P., Cools, F., Costa, S., Cota, F., Dani, C., Davis, P. G., Fattore, S., Fè, C., Finer, N., Fusco, F. P., Gizzi, C., Herting, E., Jian, M., Lio, A., Lista, G., Mosca, F., Nobile, S., Perri, A., Picone, S., Pillow, J. J., Polglase, G., Pasciuto, T., Pastorino, R., Tana, M., Tingay, D., Tirone, C., van Kaam, A. H., Ventura, M. L., Aceti, A., Agosti, M., Alighieri, G., Ancora, G., Angileri, V., Ausanio, G., Aversa, S., Balestri, E., Baraldi, E., Barbini, M. C., Barone, C., Beghini, R., Bellan, C., Berardi, A., Bernardo, I., Betta, P., Binotti, M., Bizzarri, B., Borgarello, G., Borgione, S., Borrelli, A., Bottino, R., Bracaglia, G., Bresesti, I., Burattini, I., Cacace, C., Calzolari, F., Campagnoli, M. F., Capasso, L., Capozza, M., Capretti, M. G., Caravetta, J., Carbonara, C., Cardilli, V., Carta, M., Castoldi, F., Castronovo, A., Cavalleri, E., Cavigioli, F., Cecchi, S., Chierici, V., Cimino, C., Cocca, F., Cocca, C., Cogo, P., Coma, M., Comito, V., Condò, V., Consigli, C., Conti, R., Corradi, M., Corsello, G., Corvaglia, L. T., Costa, A., Coscia, A., Cresi, F., Crispino, F., D’Amico, P., De Cosmo, L., De Maio, C., Del Campo, G., Di Credico, S., Di Fabio, S., Di Nicola, P., Di Paolo, A., Di Valerio, S., Distilo, A., Duca, V., Falcone, A., Falsaperla, R., Fasolato, V. A., Fatuzzo, V., Favini, F., Ferrarello, M. P., Ferrari, S., Nastro, F. Fiori, Forcellini, C. A., Fracchiolla, A., Gabriele, A., Galdo, F., Gallini, F., Gangemi, A., Gargano, G., Gazzolo, D., Gentile, M. P., Ghirardello, S., Giardina, F., Giordano, L., Gitto, E., Giuffrè, M., Grappone, L., Grasso, F., Greco, I., Grison, A., Guglielmino, R., Guidotti, I., Guzzo, I., La Forgia, N., La Placa, S., La Torre, G., Lago, P., Lanciotti, L., Lavizzari, A., Leo, F., Leonardi, V., Lestingi, D., Li, J., Liberatore, P., Lodin, D., Lubrano, R., Lucente, M., Luciani, S., Luvarà, D., Maffei, G., Maggio, A., Maggio, L., Maiolo, K., Malaigia, L., Mangili, G., Manna, A., Maranella, E., Marciano, A., Marcozzi, P., Marletta, M., Marseglia, L., Martinelli, D., Martinelli, S., Massari, S., Massenzi, L., Matina, F., Mattia, L., Mescoli, G., Migliore, I. V., Minghetti, D., Mondello, I., Montano, S., Morandi, G., Mores, N., Morreale, S., Morselli, I., Motta, M., Napolitano, M., Nardo, D., Nicolardi, A., Nider, S., Nigro, G., Nuccio, M., Orfeo, L., Ottaviano, C., Paganin, P., Palamides, S., Palatta, S., Paolillo, P., Pappalardo, M. G., Pasta, E., Patti, L., Paviotti, G., Perniola, R., Perotti, G., Perrone, S., Petrillo, F., Piazza, M. S., Piccirillo, A., Pierro, M., Piga, E., Pingitore, G. A., Pisu, S., Pittini, C., Pontiggia, F., Pontrelli, G., Primavera, A., Proto, A., Quartulli, L., Raimondi, F., Ramenghi, L., Rapsomaniki, M., Ricotti, A., Rigotti, C., Rinaldi, M., Risso, F. M., Roma, E., Romanini, E., Romano, V., Rosati, E., Rosella, V., Rulli, I., Salvo, V., Sanfilippo, C., Sannia, A., Saporito, A., Sauna, A., Scapillati, E., Schettini, F., Scorrano, A., Mantelli, S. Semeria, Sepporta, V., Sindico, P., Solinas, A., Sorrentino, E., Spaggiari, E., Staffler, A., Stella, M., Termini, D., Terrin, G., Testa, A., Tina, G., Tirantello, M., Tomasini, B., Tormena, F., Travan, L., Trevisanuto, D., Tuling, G., Tulino, V., Valenzano, L., Vedovato, S., Vendramin, S., Villani, P. E., Viola, S., Viola, V., Vitaliti, G., Vitaliti, M., Wanker, P., Yang, Y., Zanetta, S., and Zannin, E.
Published: 2024
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28. Juvenile Hormone as a contributing factor in establishing midgut microbiota for fecundity and fitness enhancement in adult female Aedes aegypti

Author: Taracena-Agarwal, Mabel L., Walter-Nuno, Ana Beatriz, Bottino-Rojas, Vanessa, Mejia, Alessandra Paola Girard, Xu, Kelsey, Segal, Steven, Dotson, Ellen M., Oliveira, Pedro L., and Paiva-Silva, Gabriela O.
Published: 2024
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29. Amazon savannization and climate change are projected to increase dry season length and temperature extremes over Brazil

Author: Bottino, Marcus Jorge, Nobre, Paulo, Giarolla, Emanuel, da Silva Junior, Manoel Baptista, Capistrano, Vinicius Buscioli, Malagutti, Marta, Tamaoki, Jonas Noboru, de Oliveira, Beatriz Fátima Alves, and Nobre, Carlos Afonso
Published: 2024
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30. Effect of desensitizing agents on the resin bond strength to sound dentin

Author: Alawad, Fahad Ibrahim, de Souza Araújo, Isaac Jordão, de Carvalho, Ana Beatriz Gomes, de Faria Neiva, Gisele, Dennison, Joseph Debrune, Yaman, Peter, and Bottino, Marco C.
Published: 2024
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31. Remote effects of Tibetan Plateau spring land temperature on global subseasonal to seasonal precipitation prediction and comparison with effects of sea surface temperature: the GEWEX/LS4P Phase I experiment

Author: Xue, Yongkang, Diallo, Ismaila, Boone, Aaron A., Zhang, Yang, Zeng, Xubin, Lau, William K. M., Neelin, J. David, Yao, Tandong, Tang, Qi, Sato, Tomonori, Koo, Myung-Seo, Vitart, Frederic, Ardilouze, Constantin, Saha, Subodh K., Materia, Stefano, Lin, Zhaohui, Takaya, Yuhei, Yang, Jing, Nakamura, Tetsu, Qi, Xin, Qin, Yi, Nobre, Paulo, Senan, Retish, Wang, Hailan, Zhang, Hongliang, Zhao, Mei, Nayak, Hara Prasad, Pan, Yan, Pan, Xiaoduo, Feng, Jinming, Shi, Chunxiang, Xie, Shaocheng, Brunke, Michael A., Bao, Qing, Bottino, Marcus Jorge, Fan, Tianyi, Hong, Songyou, Lin, Yanluan, Peano, Daniele, Zhan, Yanling, Mechoso, Carlos R., Ren, Xuejuan, Balsamo, Gianpaolo, Chou, Sin Chan, de Rosnay, Patricia, van Oevelen, Peter J., Klocke, Daniel, Ek, Michael, Li, Xin, Guo, Weidong, Zhu, Yuejian, Tang, Jianping, Liang, Xin-Zhong, Qian, Yun, and Zhao, Ping
Published: 2024
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32. Verification of the Fourier-enhanced 3D finite element Poisson solver of the gyrokinetic full-f code PICLS

Author: Stier, Annika, Bottino, Alberto, Boesl, Mathias, Pinto, Martin Campos, Hayward-Schneider, Thomas, Coster, David, Bergmann, Andreas, Murugappan, Moahan, Brunner, Stephan, Villard, Laurent, and Jenko, Frank
Subjects: Physics - Plasma Physics, 65N30
Abstract: We introduce and derive the Fourier-enhanced 3D electrostatic field solver of the gyrokinetic full-f PIC code PICLS. The solver makes use of a Fourier representation in one periodic direction of the domain to make the solving of the system easily parallelizable and thus save run time. The presented solver is then verified using two different approaches of manufactured solutions. The test setup used for this effort is a pinch geometry with ITG-like electric potential, containing one non-periodic and two periodic directions, one of which will be discrete Fourier transformed. The results of these tests show that in all three dimensions the L2-error decreases with a constant rate close to the ideal prediction, depending on the degree of the chosen basis functions., Comment: 30 pages, 10 figures
Published: 2023

33. Search for low mass dark matter in DarkSide-50: the bayesian network approach

Author: Collaboration, The DarkSide-50, Agnes, P., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Alexander, T., Alton, A. K., Ave, M., Back, H. O., Batignani, G., Biery, K., Bocci, V., Bonivento, W. M., Bottino, B., Bussino, S., Cadeddu, M., Cadoni, M., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Campos, M. D., Canci, N., Caravati, M., Cargioli, N., Cariello, M., Carlini, M., Cataudella, V., Cavalcante, P., Cavuoti, S., Chashin, S., Chepurnov, A., Cicalò, C., Covone, G., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., De Candia, A., De Cecco, S., De Filippis, G., De Rosa, G., Derbin, A. V., Devoto, A., D'Incecco, M., Dionisi, C., Dordei, F., Downing, M., D'Urso, D., Fairbairn, M., Fiorillo, G., Franco, D., Gabriele, F., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giganti, C., Giovanetti, G. K., Goretti, A. M., di Cortona, G. Grilli, Grobov, A., Gromov, M., Guan, M., Gulino, M., Hackett, B. R., Herner, K., Hessel, T., Hosseini, B., Hubaut, F., Hungerford, E. V., Ianni, An., Ippolito, V., Keeter, K., Kendziora, C. L., Kimura, M., Kochanek, I., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kubankin, A., Kuss, M., La Commara, M., Lai, M., Li, X., Lissia, M., Longo, G., Lychagina, O., Machulin, I. N., Mapelli, L. P., Mari, S. M., Maricic, J., Messina, A., Milincic, R., Monroe, J., Morrocchi, M., Mougeot, X., Muratova, V. N., Musico, P., Nozdrina, A. O., Oleinik, A., Ortica, F., Pagani, L., Pallavicini, M., Pandola, L., Pantic, E., Paoloni, E., Pelczar, K., Pelliccia, N., Piacentini, S., Pocar, A., Poehlmann, D. M., Pordes, S., Poudel, S. S., Pralavorio, P., Price, D. D., Ragusa, F., Razeti, M., Razeto, A., Renshaw, A. L., Rescigno, M., Rode, J., Romani, A., Sablone, D., Samoylov, O., Sandford, E., Sands, W., Sanfilippo, S., Savarese, C., Schlitzer, B., Semenov, D. A., Shchagin, A., Sheshukov, A., Skorokhvatov, M. D., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Stracka, S., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Tonazzo, A., Unzhakov, E. V., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., Wada, M., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Westerdale, S., Wojcik, M. M., Xiao, X., Yang, C., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present a novel approach for the search of dark matter in the DarkSide-50 experiment, relying on Bayesian Networks. This method incorporates the detector response model into the likelihood function, explicitly maintaining the connection with the quantity of interest. No assumptions about the linearity of the problem or the shape of the probability distribution functions are required, and there is no need to morph signal and background spectra as a function of nuisance parameters. By expressing the problem in terms of Bayesian Networks, we have developed an inference algorithm based on a Markov Chain Monte Carlo to calculate the posterior probability. A clever description of the detector response model in terms of parametric matrices allows us to study the impact of systematic variations of any parameter on the final results. Our approach not only provides the desired information on the parameter of interest, but also potential constraints on the response model. Our results are consistent with recent published analyses and further refine the parameters of the detector response model., Comment: 24 pages, 12 figures, 1 table
Published: 2023
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34. Synthetic high-density lipoprotein (sHDL): a bioinspired nanotherapeutics for managing periapical bone inflammation

Author: Renan Dal-Fabbro, Minzhi Yu, Ling Mei, Hajime Sasaki, Anna Schwendeman, and Marco C. Bottino
Subjects: Dentistry, RK1-715
Abstract: Abstract Apical periodontitis (AP) is a dental-driven condition caused by pathogens and their toxins infecting the inner portion of the tooth (i.e., dental pulp tissue), resulting in inflammation and apical bone resorption affecting 50% of the worldwide population, with more than 15 million root canals performed annually in the United States. Current treatment involves cleaning and decontaminating the infected tissue with chemo-mechanical approaches and materials introduced years ago, such as calcium hydroxide, zinc oxide–eugenol, or even formalin products. Here, we present, for the first time, a nanotherapeutics based on using synthetic high-density lipoprotein (sHDL) as an innovative and safe strategy to manage dental bone inflammation. sHDL application in concentrations ranging from 25 µg to 100 µg/mL decreases nuclear factor Kappa B (NF-κB) activation promoted by an inflammatory stimulus (lipopolysaccharide, LPS). Moreover, sHDL at 500 µg/mL concentration markedly decreases in vitro osteoclastogenesis (P
Published: 2024
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35. Comparison of 'IN-REC-SUR-E' and LISA in preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial (IN-REC-LISA trial)

Author: Giovanni Vento, Angela Paladini, C. Aurilia, S. Alkan Ozdemir, V. P. Carnielli, F. Cools, S. Costa, F. Cota, C. Dani, P. G. Davis, S. Fattore, C. Fè, N. Finer, F. P. Fusco, C. Gizzi, E. Herting, M. Jian, A. Lio, G. Lista, F. Mosca, S. Nobile, A. Perri, S. Picone, J. J. Pillow, G. Polglase, T. Pasciuto, R. Pastorino, M. Tana, D. Tingay, C. Tirone, A. H. van Kaam, M. L. Ventura, A. Aceti, M. Agosti, G. Alighieri, G. Ancora, V. Angileri, G. Ausanio, S. Aversa, E. Balestri, E. Baraldi, M. C. Barbini, C. Barone, R. Beghini, C. Bellan, A. Berardi, I. Bernardo, P. Betta, M. Binotti, B. Bizzarri, G. Borgarello, S. Borgione, A. Borrelli, R. Bottino, G. Bracaglia, I. Bresesti, I. Burattini, C. Cacace, F. Calzolari, M. F. Campagnoli, L. Capasso, M. Capozza, M. G. Capretti, J. Caravetta, C. Carbonara, V. Cardilli, M. Carta, F. Castoldi, A. Castronovo, E. Cavalleri, F. Cavigioli, S. Cecchi, V. Chierici, C. Cimino, F. Cocca, C. Cocca, P. Cogo, M. Coma, V. Comito, V. Condò, C. Consigli, R. Conti, M. Corradi, G. Corsello, L. T. Corvaglia, A. Costa, A. Coscia, F. Cresi, F. Crispino, P. D’Amico, L. De Cosmo, C. De Maio, G. Del Campo, S. Di Credico, S. Di Fabio, P. Di Nicola, A. Di Paolo, S. Di Valerio, A. Distilo, V. Duca, A. Falcone, R. Falsaperla, V. A. Fasolato, V. Fatuzzo, F. Favini, M. P. Ferrarello, S. Ferrari, F. Fiori Nastro, C. A. Forcellini, A. Fracchiolla, A. Gabriele, F. Galdo, F. Gallini, A. Gangemi, G. Gargano, D. Gazzolo, M. P. Gentile, S. Ghirardello, F. Giardina, L. Giordano, E. Gitto, M. Giuffrè, L. Grappone, F. Grasso, I. Greco, A. Grison, R. Guglielmino, I. Guidotti, I. Guzzo, N. La Forgia, S. La Placa, G. La Torre, P. Lago, L. Lanciotti, A. Lavizzari, F. Leo, V. Leonardi, D. Lestingi, J. Li, P. Liberatore, D. Lodin, R. Lubrano, M. Lucente, S. Luciani, D. Luvarà, G. Maffei, A. Maggio, L. Maggio, K. Maiolo, L. Malaigia, G. Mangili, A. Manna, E. Maranella, A. Marciano, P. Marcozzi, M. Marletta, L. Marseglia, D. Martinelli, S. Martinelli, S. Massari, L. Massenzi, F. Matina, L. Mattia, G. Mescoli, I. V. Migliore, D. Minghetti, I. Mondello, S. Montano, G. Morandi, N. Mores, S. Morreale, I. Morselli, M. Motta, M. Napolitano, D. Nardo, A. Nicolardi, S. Nider, G. Nigro, M. Nuccio, L. Orfeo, C. Ottaviano, P. Paganin, S. Palamides, S. Palatta, P. Paolillo, M. G. Pappalardo, E. Pasta, L. Patti, G. Paviotti, R. Perniola, G. Perotti, S. Perrone, F. Petrillo, M. S. Piazza, A. Piccirillo, M. Pierro, E. Piga, G. A. Pingitore, S. Pisu, C. Pittini, F. Pontiggia, G. Pontrelli, A. Primavera, A. Proto, L. Quartulli, F. Raimondi, L. Ramenghi, M. Rapsomaniki, A. Ricotti, C. Rigotti, M. Rinaldi, F. M. Risso, E. Roma, E. Romanini, V. Romano, E. Rosati, V. Rosella, I. Rulli, V. Salvo, C. Sanfilippo, A. Sannia, A. Saporito, A. Sauna, E. Scapillati, F. Schettini, A. Scorrano, S. Semeria Mantelli, V. Sepporta, P. Sindico, A. Solinas, E. Sorrentino, E. Spaggiari, A. Staffler, M. Stella, D. Termini, G. Terrin, A. Testa, G. Tina, M. Tirantello, B. Tomasini, F. Tormena, L. Travan, D. Trevisanuto, G. Tuling, V. Tulino, L. Valenzano, S. Vedovato, S. Vendramin, P. E. Villani, S. Viola, V. Viola, G. Vitaliti, M. Vitaliti, P. Wanker, Y. Yang, S. Zanetta, and E. Zannin
Subjects: Preterm infants, Lung recruitment, HFOV, INRECSURE, LISA, Surfactant, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Abstract Background Surfactant is a well-established therapy for preterm neonates affected by respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The goals of different methods of surfactant administration are to reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation and the severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD); however, the optimal administration method remains unknown. This study compares the effectiveness of the INtubate-RECruit-SURfactant-Extubate (IN-REC-SUR-E) technique with the less-invasive surfactant administration (LISA) technique, in increasing BPD-free survival of preterm infants. This is an international unblinded multicenter randomized controlled study in which preterm infants will be randomized into two groups to receive IN-REC-SUR-E or LISA surfactant administration. Methods In this study, 382 infants born at 24+0–27+6 weeks’ gestation, not intubated in the delivery room and failing nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) or nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) during the first 24 h of life, will be randomized 1:1 to receive IN-REC-SUR-E or LISA surfactant administration. The primary outcome is a composite outcome of death or BPD at 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age. The secondary outcomes are BPD at 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age; death; pulse oximetry/fraction of inspired oxygen; severe intraventricular hemorrhage; pneumothorax; duration of respiratory support and oxygen therapy; pulmonary hemorrhage; patent ductus arteriosus undergoing treatment; percentage of infants receiving more doses of surfactant; periventricular leukomalacia, severe retinopathy of prematurity, necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis; total in-hospital stay; systemic postnatal steroids; neurodevelopmental outcomes; and respiratory function testing at 24 months of age. Randomization will be centrally provided using both stratification and permuted blocks with random block sizes and block order. Stratification factors will include center and gestational age (24+0 to 25+6 weeks or 26+0 to 27+6 weeks). Analyses will be conducted in both intention-to-treat and per-protocol populations, utilizing a log-binomial regression model that corrects for stratification factors to estimate the adjusted relative risk (RR). Discussion This trial is designed to provide robust data on the best method of surfactant administration in spontaneously breathing preterm infants born at 24+0–27+6 weeks’ gestation affected by RDS and failing nCPAP or NIPPV during the first 24 h of life, comparing IN-REC-SUR-E to LISA technique, in increasing BPD-free survival at 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age of life. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05711966. Registered on February 3, 2023.
Published: 2024
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36. Juvenile Hormone as a contributing factor in establishing midgut microbiota for fecundity and fitness enhancement in adult female Aedes aegypti

Author: Mabel L. Taracena-Agarwal, Ana Beatriz Walter-Nuno, Vanessa Bottino-Rojas, Alessandra Paola Girard Mejia, Kelsey Xu, Steven Segal, Ellen M. Dotson, Pedro L. Oliveira, and Gabriela O. Paiva-Silva
Subjects: Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Abstract Understanding the factors influencing mosquitoes’ fecundity and longevity is important for designing better and more sustainable vector control strategies, as these parameters can impact their vectorial capacity. Here, we address how mating affects midgut growth in Aedes aegypti, what role Juvenile Hormone (JH) plays in this process, and how it impacts the mosquito’s immune response and microbiota. Our findings reveal that mating and JH induce midgut growth. Additionally, the establishment of a native bacterial population in the midgut due to JH-dependent suppression of the immune response has important reproductive outcomes. Specific downregulation of AMPs with an increase in bacteria abundance in the gut results in increased egg counts and longer lifespans. Overall, these findings provide evidence of a cross-talk between JH response, gut epithelial tissue, cell cycle regulation, and the mechanisms governing the trade-offs between nutrition, immunity, and reproduction at the cellular level in the mosquito gut.
Published: 2024
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37. Tratamento Cirúrgico Minimamente Invasivo do Hálux Valgo: Análise Temporal da Literatura Científica

Author: John Victor Rocha, Elizabeth de Alvarenga Borges da Fonsêca, Wellington Farias Molina, Guilherme Bottino Martins, and Lourenço Galizia Heitzmann
Subjects: Hallux valgus, Procedimentos ortopédicos, cirurgia minimamente invasiva, Medicine, Orthopedic surgery, RD701-811
Abstract: Resumo Introdução: O hálux valgo (HV) é uma deformidade complexa do antepé, onde ocorre um desvio progressivo do hálux centrado na primeira articulação metatarsofalangeana, frequentemente acometendo mulheres, caracterizada por um desvio lateral do hálux e medial do primeiro metatarso. A etiologia inclui fatores intrínsecos como a predisposição genética e extrínsecos, sendo o mais importante o uso de calçados inadequados. É uma deformidade amplamente estudada que afeta os pés e que embora existam mais de 130 técnicas convencionais descritas para sua correção, a melhor técnica não ainda foi determinada. Objetivos: Este estudo visa investigar o crescimento das publicações científicas sobre as técnicas de cirurgias minimamente invasivas no tratamento do HV, realizando uma análise comparativa da adoção dessas metodologias pelos cirurgiões ortopédicos, além de fornecer uma previsão estatística do panorama das publicações futuras. Metodologia: Utilizou-se uma série temporal de publicações científicas entre 2000 e 2023, com dados coletados na plataforma PubMed. A tendência linear foi determinada pelos mínimos quadrados, analisando-se as publicações que mencionam técnicas cirúrgicas minimamente invasivas e abertas. Foram considerados artigos em português e inglês que abordam técnicas cirúrgicas no tratamento do HV. Resultados: A análise incluiu 997 artigos, mostrando um aumento substancial nas publicações sobre técnicas minimamente invasivas nos últimos cinco anos. A técnica de Chevron é a mais citada entre as cirurgias abertas (178 referências). Artigos mencionando técnicas minimamente invasivas passaram de 1 em 2000 para 54 em 2023. As previsões indicam um crescimento contínuo nas publicações sobre cirurgias minimamente invasivas até 2030. Discussão: O aumento nas publicações reflete a disseminação e o interesse acadêmico e clínico nas técnicas minimamente invasivas, que oferecem benefícios como menor trauma tecidual com boa correção óssea. No entanto, os desafios técnicos e a necessidade de treinamento especializado persistem. A osteotomia de Chevron, uma técnica aberta, continua a ser amplamente utilizada como referência comparativa, evidenciando sua importância contínua no campo da ortopedia. Conclusão: Há uma tendência crescente na literatura científica em favor das técnicas minimamente invasivas para a correção do HV. A comparação entre as abordagens minimamente invasivas e as técnicas abertas têm se intensificado, sublinhando a necessidade de avaliar suas aplicações para proporcionar os melhores desfechos clínicos. Este estudo contribui para uma melhor compreensão da evolução e adoção dessas técnicas na prática cirúrgica ortopédica.
Published: 2024
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38. DOENÇA DE MÜLLER-WEISS: O STATUS DA ARTE – UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA

Author: Wellington Farias Molina, Erika Gushiken, Guilherme Bottino Martins, Lourenço Galizia Heitzmann, Luiz Sergio Martins Pimenta, Elizabeth De Alvarenga Borges da Fonseca, and Gustavo Demasi Quadros de Macedo
Subjects: osteonecrose do navicular, revisão sistemática, Müller-Weiss disease, Medicine, Orthopedic surgery, RD701-811
Abstract: A Doença de Müller-Weiss gera alterações biomecânicas complexas dos pés, sendo sua verdadeira prevalência desconhecida. Muitos casos são subdiagnosticados, visto que alguns pacientes não apresentam sintomas, mas principalmente porque o diagnóstico não faz parte do escopo do ortopedista em geral. Quando presente, a característica clínica mais marcante é a presença do pé plano paradoxal com dor no mediopé de início insidioso, dificuldade para caminhar e desabamento progressivo do arco plantar. Frequentemente acomete mulheres com envolvimento bilateral. O tratamento inicial compreende mudanças no estilo de vida (como perda de peso e prática de atividades físicas) modificações no uso de calçados e palmilhas sob molde com elevação de toda borda lateral. Nos casos não responsivos ao tratamento clínico, a cirurgia é uma opção viável. A artrodese talo-naviculo-cuneiforme é uma das opções cirúrgicas para melhora da dor e correção da deformidade com recuperação do alinhamento do retropé. Essa revisão sistemática visa discutir a importância do tema, uma vez que comumente subdiagnosticado, chega ao médico ortopedista com complexas alterações anatômicas e biomecânicas, trazendo maiores dificuldades para obtenção de um resultado satisfatório.
Published: 2024
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39. Effect of temperature anisotropy on the dynamics of geodesic acoustic modes

Author: Sama, J. N., Biancalani, A., Bottino, A., Chavdarovski, I., Del Sarto, D., Ghizzo, A., Hayward-Schneider, T., Lauber, P., Rettino, B., and Vannini, F.
Subjects: Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract: In this work, we revisit the linear gyro-kinetic theory of geodesic acoustic modes (GAMs) and derive a general dispersion relation for an arbitrary equilibrium distribution function of ions. A bi-Maxwellian distribution of ions is then used to study the effects of ion temperature anisotropy on GAM frequency and growth rate. We find that ion temperature anisotropy yields sensible modifications to both the GAM frequency and growth rate as both tend to increase with anisotropy and these results are strongly affected by the electron to ion temperature ratio.
Published: 2022
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40. Sensitivity projections for a dual-phase argon TPC optimized for light dark matter searches through the ionization channel

Author: Agnes, P., Ahmad, I., Albergo, S., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Alexander, T., Alton, A. K., Amaudruz, P., Corona, M. Atzori, Auty, D. J., Ave, M., Avetisov, I. Ch., Avetisov, R. I., Azzolini, O., Back, H. O., Balmforth, Z., Barbarian, V., Olmedo, A. Barrado, Barrillon, P., Basco, A., Batignani, G., Berzin, E., Bondar, A., Bonivento, W. M., Borisova, E., Bottino, B., Boulay, M. G., Buccino, G., Bussino, S., Busto, J., Buzulutskov, A., Cadeddu, M., Cadoni, M., Caminata, A., Canci, N., Capra, A., Caprioli, S., Caravati, M., Cárdenas-Montes, M., Cargioli, N., Carlini, M., Castello, P., Cataudella, V., Cavalcante, P., Cavuoti, S., Cebrian, S., Ruiz, J. M. Cela, Chashin, S., Chepurnov, A., Chyhyrynets, E, Cicalò, C., Cifarelli, L., Cintas, D., Cocco, V., Vilda, E. Conde, Consiglio, L., Copello, S., Covone, G., Cross, S., Czudak, P., D'Aniello, M., D'Auria, S., Rolo, M. D. Da Rocha, Dadoun, O., Daniel, M., Davini, S., De Candia, A., De Cecco, S., De Falco, A., De Filippis, G., De Gruttola, D., De Pasquale, S., De Rosa, G., Dellacasa, G., Derbin, A. V., Devoto, A., Di Capua, F., Di Noto, L., Di Stefano, P., Dionisi, C., Dolganov, G., Dordei, F., Doria, L., Erjavec, T., Diaz, M. Fernandez, Fiorillo, G., Franceschi, A., Franchini, P., Franco, D., Frolov, E., Funicello, N., Gabriele, F., Gahan, D., Galbiati, C., Gallina, G., Gallus, G., Garbini, M., Abia, P. Garcia, Gendotti, A., Ghiano, C., Giampaolo, R. A., Giganti, C., Giorgi, M. A., Giovanetti, G. K., Casanueva, V. Goicoechea, Gola, A., Gorman, D., Diaz, R. Graciani, Grauso, G., di Cortona, G. Grilli, Grobov, A., Gromov, M., Guan, M., Guerzoni, M., Gulino, M., Guo, C., Hackett, B. R., Hall, J. B., Hallin, A. L., Hamer, A., Helton, H., Haranczyk, M., Hessel, T., Hill, S., Horikawa, S., Hubaut, F., Hugues, T., Hungerford, E. V., Ianni, An., Ippolito, V., Jillings, C., Kachru, P., Kemp, A. A., Kendziora, C. L., Keppel, G., Khomyakov, A. V., Kimura, M., Kochanek, I., Kondo, K., Korga, G., Koulosousas, S., Kubankin, A., Kuss, M., Kuźniak, M., La Commara, M., Lai, M., Guirriec, E. Le, Leason, E., Li, X., Lidey, L., Lipp, J., Lissia, M., Longo, G., Luzzi, L., Macfadyen, O., Machulin, I. N., Manthos, I., Mapelli, L., Margotti, A., Mari, S. M., Mariani, C., Maricic, J., Marini, A., Martínez, M., Martoff, C. J., Masoni, A., Mavrokoridis, K., Mazzi, A., McDonald, A. B., Messina, A., Milincic, R., Moggi, A., Moharana, A., Monroe, J., Morrocchi, M., Mozhevitina, E. N., Mróz, T., Muratova, V. N., Muscas, C., Musico, P., Nania, R., Napolitano, T., Nessi, M., Nieradka, G., Nikolopoulos, K., Nikulin, I., Nowak, J., Olchansky, K., Oleinik, A., Oleynikov, V., Organtini, P., de Solórzano, A. Ortiz, Pagani, L., Pallavicini, M., Pandola, L., Pantic, E., Paoloni, E., Paternoster, G., Pegoraro, P. A., Pelczar, K., Pellegrino, C., Perotti, F., Pesudo, V., Piacentini, S., Pietropaolo, F., Pino, N., Pira, C., Pocar, A., Poehlmann, D. M., Pordes, S., Pralavorio, P., Price, D., Raffaelli, F., Ragusa, F., Ramachers, Y., Ramirez, A., Razeti, M., Razeto, A., Renshaw, A. L., Rescigno, M., Resnati, F., Retiere, F., Rignanese, L. P., Ripoli, C., Rivetti, A., Roberts, A., Roberts, C., Rode, J., Rogers, G., Romero, L., Rossi, M., Rubbia, A., Sadashivajois, S., Saffold, T. R., Samoylov, O., Sandford, E., Sanfilippo, S., Santone, D., Santorelli, R., Savarese, C., Scapparone, E., Scioli, G., Semenov, D. A., Shchagin, A., Sheshukov, A., Simeone, M., Skensved, P., Skorokhvatov, M. D., Smirnov, O., Smirnova, T., Smith, B., Sokolov, A., Spangenberg, M., Stefanizzi, R., Steri, A., Stracka, S., Strickland, V., Stringer, M., Sulis, S., Sung, A., Suvorov, Y., Szelc, A. M., Türkoğ, C., Tartaglia, R., Taylor, A., Taylor, J., Tedesco, S., Testera, G., Thieme, K., Thorpe, T. N., Tonazzo, A., Torres-Lara, S., Tricomi, A., Unzhakov, E. V., John, T. Vallivilayil, Van Uffelen, M., Viant, T., Viel, S., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., Vossebeld, J., Wada, M., Walczak, M. B., Wang, Y., Westerdale, S., Wheadon, R. J., Williams, L., Wingerter-Seez, I., Wojaczyński, R., Wojcik, Ma. M., Wojcik, Ma., Wright, T., Xie, Y., Yang, C., Zabihi, A., Zakhary, P., Zani, A., Zichichi, A., Zuzel, G., and Zykova, M. P.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Dark matter lighter than 10 GeV/c$^2$ encompasses a promising range of candidates. A conceptual design for a new detector, DarkSide-LowMass, is presented, based on the DarkSide-50 detector and progress toward DarkSide-20k, optimized for a low-threshold electron-counting measurement. Sensitivity to light dark matter is explored for various potential energy thresholds and background rates. These studies show that DarkSide-LowMass can achieve sensitivity to light dark matter down to the solar neutrino floor for GeV-scale masses and significant sensitivity down to 10 MeV/c$^2$ considering the Migdal effect or interactions with electrons. Requirements for optimizing the detector's sensitivity are explored, as are potential sensitivity gains from modeling and mitigating spurious electron backgrounds that may dominate the signal at the lowest energies.
Published: 2022
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41. Gyrokinetic simulations of turbulence and zonal flows driven by steep profile gradients using a delta-f approach with an evolving background Maxwellian

Author: Murugappan, Moahan, Villard, Laurent, Brunner, Stephan, McMillan, Ben Fynney, and Bottino, Alberto
Subjects: Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract: Long global gyrokinetic turbulence simulations are particularly challenging in situations where the system deviates strongly from its initial state and when fluctuation level are high e.g. in strong gradient regions. For Particle-in-Cell simulations, statistical sampling noise accumulation from large marker weights due to large deviations from the control variate of a delta-f scheme make such simulations often impractical. An adaptive control variate in the form of a flux-surface-averaged Maxwellian with a time-dependent temperature profile is introduced in an attempt to alleviate the former problem. Under simplified collisionless physics, this adaptive delta-f scheme is shown to reduce noise accumulation in the zonal flows and the simulated heat flux in a quasi-steady turbulent state. The method also avoids the collapse of the signal-to-noise ratio which occurs in the standard non-adaptive scheme, and therefore, allows one to reach numerically converged results even with lower marker numbers.
Published: 2022
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42. Genetic risk converges on regulatory networks mediating early type 2 diabetes

Author: Walker, John T., Saunders, Diane C., Rai, Vivek, Chen, Hung-Hsin, Orchard, Peter, Dai, Chunhua, Pettway, Yasminye D., Hopkirk, Alexander L., Reihsmann, Conrad V., Tao, Yicheng, Fan, Simin, Shrestha, Shristi, Varshney, Arushi, Petty, Lauren E., Wright, Jordan J., Ventresca, Christa, Agarwala, Samir, Aramandla, Radhika, Poffenberger, Greg, Jenkins, Regina, Mei, Shaojun, Hart, Nathaniel J., Phillips, Sharon, Kang, Hakmook, Greiner, Dale L., Shultz, Leonard D., Bottino, Rita, Liu, Jie, Below, Jennifer E., Parker, Stephen C. J., Powers, Alvin C., and Brissova, Marcela
Published: 2023
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43. Oral Anticoagulation for Atrial Fibrillation in Octogenarians Across the Renal Function Spectrum

Author: Carbone, Andreina, Bottino, Roberta, Attena, Emilio, Parisi, Valentina, Conte, Maddalena, D’Andrea, Antonello, Imbalzano, Egidio, Alfredo, Caturano, and Russo, Vincenzo
Published: 2023
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44. Amazon savannization and climate change are projected to increase dry season length and temperature extremes over Brazil

Author: Marcus Jorge Bottino, Paulo Nobre, Emanuel Giarolla, Manoel Baptista da Silva Junior, Vinicius Buscioli Capistrano, Marta Malagutti, Jonas Noboru Tamaoki, Beatriz Fátima Alves de Oliveira, and Carlos Afonso Nobre
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract Land use change and atmospheric composition, two drivers of climate change, can interact to affect both local and remote climate regimes. Previous works have considered the effects of greenhouse gas buildup in the atmosphere and the effects of Amazon deforestation in atmospheric general circulation models. In this study, we investigate the impacts of the Brazilian Amazon savannization and global warming in a fully coupled ocean-land-sea ice-atmosphere model simulation. We find that both savannization and global warming individually lengthen the dry season and reduce annual rainfall over large tracts of South America. The combined effects of land use change and global warming resulted in a mean annual rainfall reduction of 44% and a dry season length increase of 69%, when averaged over the Amazon basin, relative to the control run. Modulation of inland moisture transport due to savannization shows the largest signal to explain the rainfall reduction and increase in dry season length over the Amazon and Central-West. The combined effects of savannization and global warming resulted in maximum daily temperature anomalies, reaching values of up to 14 °C above the current climatic conditions over the Amazon. Also, as a consequence of both climate drivers, both soil moisture and surface runoff decrease over most of the country, suggesting cascading negative future impacts on both agriculture production and hydroelectricity generation.
Published: 2024
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45. Search for dark matter-nucleon interactions via Migdal effect with DarkSide-50

Author: Collaboration, The DarkSide-50, Agnes, P., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Alexander, T., Alton, A. K., Ave, M., Back, H. O., Batignani, G., Biery, K., Bocci, V., Bonivento, W. M., Bottino, B., Bussino, S., Cadeddu, M., Cadoni, M., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Campos, M. D., Canci, N., Caravati, M., Cariello, M., Carlini, M., Carpinelli, M., Cataudella, V., Cavalcante, P., Cavuoti, S., Chashin, S., Chepurnov, A., Cicalò, C., Covone, G., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., De Candia, A., De Cecco, S., De Filippis, G., De Rosa, G., Derbin, A. V., Devoto, A., D'Incecco, M., Dionisi, C., Dordei, F., Downing, M., D'Urso, D., Fairbairn, M., Fiorillo, G., Franco, D., Gabriele, F., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giganti, C., Giovanetti, G. K., Goretti, A. M., di Cortona, G. Grilli, Grobov, A., Gromov, M., Guan, M., Gulino, M., Hackett, B. R., Herner, K., Hessel, T., Hosseini, B., Hubaut, F., Hungerford, E. V., Ianni, An., Ippolito, V., Keeter, K., Kendziora, C. L., Kimura, M., Kochanek, I., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kubankin, A., Kuss, M., La Commara, M., Lai, M., Li, X., Lissia, M., Longo, G., Lychagina, O., Machulin, I. N., Mapelli, L. P., Mari, S. M., Maricic, J., Messina, A., Milincic, R., Monroe, J., Morrocchi, M., Mougeot, X., Muratova, V. N., Musico, P., Nozdrina, A. O., Oleinik, A., Ortica, F., Pagani, L., Pallavicini, M., Pandola, L., Pantic, E., Paoloni, E., Pelczar, K., Pelliccia, N., Piacentini, S., Picciau, E., Pocar, A., Poehlmann, D. M., Pordes, S., Poudel, S. S., Pralavorio, P., Price, D. D., Ragusa, F., Razeti, M., Razeto, A., Renshaw, A. L., Rescigno, M., Rode, J., Romani, A., Sablone, D., Samoylov, O., Sands, W., Sanfilippo, S., Sanford, E., Savarese, C., Schlitzer, B., Semenov, D. A., Shchagin, A., Sheshukov, A., Skorokhvatov, M. D., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Stracka, S., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Tonazzo, A., Unzhakov, E. V., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., Wada, M., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Westerdale, S., Wojcik, M. M., Xiao, X., Yang, C., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Dark matter elastic scattering off nuclei can result in the excitation and ionization of the recoiling atom through the so-called Migdal effect. The energy deposition from the ionization electron adds to the energy deposited by the recoiling nuclear system and allows for the detection of interactions of sub-GeV/c$^2$ mass dark matter. We present new constraints for sub-GeV/c$^2$ dark matter using the dual-phase liquid argon time projection chamber of the DarkSide-50 experiment with an exposure of (12306 $\pm$ 184) kg d. The analysis is based on the ionization signal alone and significantly enhances the sensitivity of DarkSide-50, enabling sensitivity to dark matter with masses down to 40 MeV/c$^2$. Furthermore, it sets the most stringent upper limit on the spin independent dark matter nucleon cross section for masses below $3.6$ GeV/c$^2$., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures
Published: 2022
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46. Search for dark matter particle interactions with electron final states with DarkSide-50

Author: Collaboration, The DarkSide-50, Agnes, P., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Alexander, T., Alton, A. K., Ave, M., Back, H. O., Batignani, G., Biery, K., Bocci, V., Bonivento, W. M., Bottino, B., Bussino, S., Cadeddu, M., Cadoni, M., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Campos, M. D., Canci, N., Caravati, M., Cariello, M., Carlini, M., Carpinelli, M., Cataudella, V., Cavalcante, P., Cavuoti, S., Chashin, S., Chepurnov, A., Cicalò, C., Covone, G., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., De Candia, A., De Cecco, S., De Filippis, G., De Rosa, G., Derbin, A. V., Devoto, A., D'Incecco, M., Dionisi, C., Dordei, F., Downing, M., D'Urso, D., Fiorillo, G., Franco, D., Gabriele, F., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giganti, C., Giovanetti, G. K., Goretti, A. M., di Cortona, G. Grilli, Grobov, A., Gromov, M., Guan, M., Gulino, M., Hackett, B. R., Herner, K., Hessel, T., Hosseini, B., Hubaut, F., Hungerford, E. V., Ianni, An., Ippolito, V., Keeter, K., Kendziora, C. L., Kimura, M., Kochanek, I., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kubankin, A., Kuss, M., La Commara, M., Lai, M., Li, X., Lissia, M., Longo, G., Lychagina, O., Machulin, I. N., Mapelli, L. P., Mari, S. M., Maricic, J., Messina, A., Milincic, R., Monroe, J., Morrocchi, M., Mougeot, X., Muratova, V. N., Musico, P., Nozdrina, A. O., Oleinik, A., Ortica, F., Pagani, L., Pallavicini, M., Pandola, L., Pantic, E., Paoloni, E., Pelczar, K., Pelliccia, N., Piacentini, S., Picciau, E., Pocar, A., Poehlmann, D. M., Pordes, S., Poudel, S. S., Pralavorio, P., Price, D. D., Ragusa, F., Razeti, M., Razeto, A., Renshaw, A. L., Rescigno, M., Rode, J., Romani, A., Sablone, D., Samoylov, O., Sands, W., Sanfilippo, S., Sanford, E., Savarese, C., Schlitzer, B., Semenov, D. A., Shchagin, A., Sheshukov, A., Skorokhvatov, M. D., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Stracka, S., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Tonazzo, A., Unzhakov, E. V., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., Wada, M., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Westerdale, S., Wojcik, M. M., Xiao, X., Yang, C., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present a search for dark matter particles with sub-GeV/$c^2$ masses whose interactions have final state electrons using the DarkSide-50 experiment's (12306 $\pm$ 184) kg d low-radioactivity liquid argon exposure. By analyzing the ionization signals, we exclude new parameter space for the dark matter-electron cross section $\bar{\sigma}_e$, the axioelectric coupling constant $g_{Ae}$, and the dark photon kinetic mixing parameter $\kappa$. We also set the first dark matter direct-detection constraints on the mixing angle $\left|U_{e4}\right|^2$ for keV sterile neutrinos., Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures
Published: 2022
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47. Search for low-mass dark matter WIMPs with 12 ton-day exposure of DarkSide-50

Author: Collaboration, The DarkSide-50, Agnes, P., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Alexander, T., Alton, A. K., Ave, M., Back, H. O., Batignani, G., Biery, K., Bocci, V., Bonivento, W. M., Bottino, B., Bussino, S., Cadeddu, M., Cadoni, M., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Canci, N., Caravati, M., Cariello, M., Carlini, M., Carpinelli, M., Cataudella, V., Cavalcante, P., Cavuoti, S., Chashin, S., Chepurnov, A., Cicalò, C., Covone, G., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., De Candia, A., De Cecco, S., De Filippis, G., De Rosa, G., Derbin, A. V., Devoto, A., D'Incecco, M., Dionisi, C., Dordei, F., Downing, M., D'Urso, D., Fiorillo, G., Franco, D., Gabriele, F., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giganti, C., Giovanetti, G. K., Goretti, A. M., di Cortona, G. Grilli, Grobov, A., Gromov, M., Guan, M., Gulino, M., Hackett, B. R., Herner, K., Hessel, T., Hosseini, B., Hubaut, F., Hungerford, E. V., Ianni, An., Ippolito, V., Keeter, K., Kendziora, C. L., Kimura, M., Kochanek, I., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kubankin, A., Kuss, M., La Commara, M., Lai, M., Li, X., Lissia, M., Longo, G., Lychagina, O., Machulin, I. N., Mapelli, L. P., Mari, S. M., Maricic, J., Messina, A., Milincic, R., Monroe, J., Morrocchi, M., Mougeot, X., Muratova, V. N., Musico, P., Nozdrina, A. O., Oleinik, A., Ortica, F., Pagani, L., Pallavicini, M., Pandola, L., Pantic, E., Paoloni, E., Pelczar, K., Pelliccia, N., Piacentini, S., Picciau, E., Pocar, A., Poehlmann, D. M., Pordes, S., Poudel, S. S., Pralavorio, P., Price, D. D., Ragusa, F., Razeti, M., Razeto, A., Renshaw, A. L., Rescigno, M., Rode, J., Romani, A., Sablone, D., Samoylov, O., Sands, W., Sanfilippo, S., Sanford, E., Savarese, C., Schlitzer, B., Semenov, D. A., Shchagin, A., Sheshukov, A., Skorokhvatov, M. D., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Stracka, S., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Tonazzo, A., Unzhakov, E. V., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., Wada, M., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Westerdale, S., Wojcik, M. M., Xiao, X., Yang, C., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We report on the search for dark matter WIMPs in the mass range below 10 GeV/c$^2$, from the analysis of the entire dataset acquired with a low-radioactivity argon target by the DarkSide-50 experiment at LNGS. The new analysis benefits from more accurate calibration of the detector response, improved background model, and better determination of systematic uncertainties, allowing us to accurately model the background rate and spectra down to 0.06 keV$_{er}$. A 90% C.L. exclusion limit for the spin-independent cross section of 3 GeV/c$^2$ mass WIMP on nucleons is set at 6$\times$10$^{-43}$ cm$^2$, about a factor 10 better than the previous DarkSide-50 limit. This analysis extends the exclusion region for spin-independent dark matter interactions below the current experimental constraints in the $[1.2, 3.6]$ GeV/c$^2$ WIMP mass range., Comment: 11 pages, 12 figures
Published: 2022
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48. Use of Insect Promoters in Genetic Engineering to Control Mosquito-Borne Diseases

Author: Bottino-Rojas, Vanessa and James, Anthony A
Subjects: Biotechnology, Genetics, Vector-Borne Diseases, Prevention, Infectious Diseases, 3.2 Interventions to alter physical and biological environmental risks, Prevention of disease and conditions, and promotion of well-being, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Animals, Genetic Engineering, Mosquito Control, Vector Borne Diseases, Gene Transfer Techniques, Promoter Regions, Genetic, regulatory DNA, gene expression, marker genes, mosquito transgenesis, Biochemistry and Cell Biology
Abstract: Mosquito transgenesis and gene-drive technologies provide the basis for developing promising new tools for vector-borne disease prevention by either suppressing wild mosquito populations or reducing their capacity from transmitting pathogens. Many studies of the regulatory DNA and promoters of genes with robust sex-, tissue- and stage-specific expression profiles have supported the development of new tools and strategies that could bring mosquito-borne diseases under control. Although the list of regulatory elements available is significant, only a limited set of those can reliably drive spatial-temporal expression. Here, we review the advances in our ability to express beneficial and other genes in mosquitoes, and highlight the information needed for the development of new mosquito-control and anti-disease strategies.
Published: 2023

49. CRISPR mediated transactivation in the human disease vector Aedes aegypti

Author: Bui, Michelle, Benetta, Elena Dalla, Dong, Yuemei, Zhao, Yunchong, Yang, Ting, Li, Ming, Antoshechkin, Igor A, Buchman, Anna, Bottino-Rojas, Vanessa, James, Anthony A, Perry, Michael W, Dimopoulos, George, and Akbari, Omar S
Subjects: Biological Sciences, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Prevention, Vaccine Related, Biodefense, Infectious Diseases, Genetics, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Biotechnology, Vector-Borne Diseases, Good Health and Well Being, Animals, Humans, Aedes, Hedgehog Proteins, Mosquito Vectors, RNA, Transcriptional Activation, CRISPR-Cas Systems, Microbiology, Immunology, Medical Microbiology, Virology, Medical microbiology
Abstract: As a major insect vector of multiple arboviruses, Aedes aegypti poses a significant global health and economic burden. A number of genetic engineering tools have been exploited to understand its biology with the goal of reducing its impact. For example, current tools have focused on knocking-down RNA transcripts, inducing loss-of-function mutations, or expressing exogenous DNA. However, methods for transactivating endogenous genes have not been developed. To fill this void, here we developed a CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) system in Ae. aegypti to transactivate target gene expression. Gene expression is activated through pairing a catalytically-inactive ('dead') Cas9 (dCas9) with a highly-active tripartite activator, VP64-p65-Rta (VPR) and synthetic guide RNA (sgRNA) complementary to a user defined target-gene promoter region. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate that engineered Ae. aegypti mosquitoes harboring a binary CRISPRa system can be used to effectively overexpress two developmental genes, even-skipped (eve) and hedgehog (hh), resulting in observable morphological phenotypes. We also used this system to overexpress the positive transcriptional regulator of the Toll immune pathway known as AaRel1, which resulted in a significant suppression of dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV2) titers in the mosquito. This system provides a versatile tool for research pathways not previously possible in Ae. aegypti, such as programmed overexpression of endogenous genes, and may aid in gene characterization studies and the development of innovative vector control tools.
Published: 2023

50. A systematic review of LGBTQ+ identities and topics in sport leadership

Author: Colleen S. O’Connell and Anna Bottino
Subjects: LGBTQ, coach, leader, administrator, sport, sexuality, Sports, GV557-1198.995
Abstract: IntroductionAs individuals with occupational status and power, sport leaders (e.g., coaches and athletic administrators) are responsible for enforcing cultures of inclusion within institutions of athletics. Yet, sport leaders who possess LGBTQ+ sexual identities are frequently marginalized and stigmatized by entities within and outside of athletics (e.g., athletes, parents of athletes, colleagues). Therefore, LGBTQ+ sport leaders are often faced with a challenging set of circumstances: negotiate the authenticity of their sexual orientation in the context of sport, or leave the profession entirely.MethodsThe purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of research related to LGBTQ+ sport leader experiences. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), research across six countries (China/Taiwan/Hong Kong, Italy, New Zealand, Norway, United Kingdom, United States) between 1997 and 2021 was analyzed.ResultsThemes across included studies (N = 34) describe intrapersonal experiences of LGBTQ+ sport leaders, interpersonal studies examining stakeholder attitudes (i.e., parents and athletes) toward LGBTQ+ sport leaders, and sport manager attitudes toward LGBTQ+ topics.DiscussionFindings convey that sport leaders continue to face marginalization due to the presence of heterosexism and heteronormativity in athletics. Future research should continue to explore LGBTQ+ sport leader experiences, behaviors, attitudes, and identities to determine their impact on fostering inclusion and belonging within athletic spaces.
Published: 2024
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