111 results on '"Bottalico L"'
Search Results
2. Construction of a photocatalytic de-polluting field site in the Leopold II tunnel in Brussels
- Author
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Boonen, E., Akylas, V., Barmpas, F., Boréave, A., Bottalico, L., Cazaunau, M., Chen, H., Daële, V., De Marco, T., Doussin, J.F., Gaimoz, C., Gallus, M., George, C., Grand, N., Grosselin, B., Guerrini, G.L., Herrmann, H., Ifang, S., Kleffmann, J., Kurtenbach, R., Maille, M., Manganelli, G., Mellouki, A., Miet, K., Mothes, F., Moussiopoulos, N., Poulain, L., Rabe, R., Zapf, P., and Beeldens, A.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Special features of SARS-CoV-2 in daily practice
- Author
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Charitos, I. A., Ballini, A., Bottalico, L., Cantore, S., Passarelli, Pier Carmine, Inchingolo, F., D'Addona, Antonio, Santacroce, L., Passarelli P. C., D'Addona A. (ORCID:0000-0002-0876-7594), Charitos, I. A., Ballini, A., Bottalico, L., Cantore, S., Passarelli, Pier Carmine, Inchingolo, F., D'Addona, Antonio, Santacroce, L., Passarelli P. C., and D'Addona A. (ORCID:0000-0002-0876-7594)
- Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (commonly known as SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus (designated as 2019-nCoV), which was isolated for the first time after the Chinese health authorities reported a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Optimal management of the Coronavirus Disease-2019 disease is evolving quickly and treatment guidelines, based on scientific evidence and experts' opinions with clinical experience, are constantly being updated. On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak as a "Public Health Emergency of International Concern". The total lack of immune protection brought about a severe spread of the contagion all over the world. For this reason, diagnostic tools, patient management and therapeutic approaches have been tested along the way, in the desperate race to break free from the widespread infection and its fatal respiratory complications. Current medical knowledge and research on severe and critical patients' management and experimental treatments are still evolving, but several protocols on minimizing risk of infection among the general population, patients and healthcare workers have been approved and diffused by International Health Authorities.
- Published
- 2020
4. Dental hygiene procedure in a patient with Giardia lamblia infection
- Author
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Santacroce, L, Bottalico, L, and Mangini, F
- Published
- 2007
5. Building for Eternity : the History and Technology of Roman Concrete Engineering in the Sea
- Author
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BRANDON, C. J., HOHLFELDER, R. L., JACKSON, M. D., OLESON, J. P., Bottalico, L., Cramer, S., Cucitore, R., Gotti, E., Stern, C.R., Vola, G., OLESON, J. P., EDITED BY, BRANDON, C. J., HOHLFELDER, R. L., JACKSON, M. D., OLESON, J. P., Bottalico, L., Cramer, S., Cucitore, R., Gotti, E., Stern, C.R., Vola, G., and OLESON, J. P.
- Published
- 2014
6. Photocatalytic activity of color pigmented plasters
- Author
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Strini A, Schiavi L, Marras P, De Marco T, and Bottalico L
- Subjects
TiO2 ,photocatalysis ,plasters - Abstract
Recent architectural trends are pushing for the development of pigmented photocatalytic coatings for building applications. The presence of a pigment in the formulation can however be detrimental for the photocatalytic activity because of possible phenomena of photon absorption competition. In the present study, the effects of three selected mineral color dyes (yellow, red and blue, respectively) on the activity of photocatalytic plaster were assessed by measuring the nitric oxide (NO) degradation in air. All samples for photocatalytic measurements were prepared using an experimental photocatalytic cement plaster premix based on photocatalytic white cement (i.active, Italcementi) and industrial inorganic color dyes in different concentrations from 0.05% to 2% (as dye/dry matter w/w ratio). The photocatalytic activity of the samples was assessed by measuring the degradation of NO at 75 ppb in air using a dedicated experimental system. Optical absorbance of dyes was evaluated by measuring the reflectance spectra of dye dispersions in gypsum (calcium sulphate, reagent grade). The UV-Vis reflection spectra of gypsum-dispersed dyes demonstrate different UV absorption profile with respect to the visible optical absorbance. Particularly, a relatively high UV adsorption was measured for the yellow and red pigments, while the blue pigment demonstrated a remarkably lower absorption. The photocatalytic activity of yellow and red colored samples indicates a strong correlation between dye content and photocatalytic activity while the activity of blue samples (characterized by a low UV absorbance), appears to be slightly influenced by the presence of the dye. The reported evidences indicate a significant correlation between the UV pigment absorbance and the respective interference with the photocatalytic activity, with a significant inhibition effect demonstrated by the yellow and red pigments (UV absorbing) and a negligible effect for the blue pigment (low UV absorbing). These results suggest a major role of UV absorption competition in the determination of the final performance of colored photocatalytic plasters. The selection of an appropriate pigment (with minimized UV absorbance) therefore appears to be a key factor in order to optimize the performances of photocatalytic color plasters.
- Published
- 2017
7. THE DURABILITY OF INNOVATIVE CEMENTITIOUS COATINGS: PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY AND COLOUR
- Author
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ALAIMO, Giuseppe, ENEA, Daniele, Guerrini, GL, Bottalico, L., Alaimo, G, Enea, D, Guerrini, GL, and Bottalico, L
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Sustainability, durability, photocatalysis, cementitious coatings, color ,Settore ICAR/11 - Produzione Edilizia - Abstract
Today, in a world context characterized by high pollution levels and increasingly limited natural resources, even in the building sector, focusing on environmental issues, through energy saving and a more rational use of these resources, both during construction and management, is fundamental. An important contribution in this direction is given by the knowledge of the durability of products and building components, especially when innovative products are applied and no information are available on the reliability and service life. The research concerns the evaluation of the durability of cement-based photocatalytic coatings (“rasanti” in the Italian diction), containing different types of pigments, used for the external finishing of the buildings envelope and applied in low thicknesses on different supports. These products were prepared using photocatalytic cements by Italcementi (TXActive®). The investigated aspects are: the photocatalytic properties, conferring self-cleaning attitude and reduced maintenance to the treated surfaces, and the colorimetric ones, meaning the conservation of colour and giving aesthetic quality to the building envelope. Some results are reported, performed according to the ISO 15686 methodology, aimed at defining the Reference Service Life, through accelerated ageing tests in climatic chamber and the corresponding monitoring of photocatalytic and colorimetric properties. The lab activity was based on 6 cycles of accelerated ageing induced to the samples by the alternation of varying conditions of temperature (2 to 70°C), humidity (0 to 100%), rain and UV radiation. The photocatalytic activity measurements were carried out according to the UNI 11247-2010, in terms of NOx abatement capability, as shown in Fig. 1. The colorimetric measurements were taken on the CIELAB colour space and Fig. 2 shows the results of the monitoring of colour, by spectrophotometer, in terms of Colour Difference (DE*ab) variation. The comparison between the graphs shows an interesting relationship between the two monitored parameters.
- Published
- 2012
8. Cementitious products and articles of manufacture containing carbon-doped titanium dioxide
- Author
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Guerini, G. L., Pernicone, N., Pinna, Francesco, Trevisan, Valentina, Cassar, L., and Bottalico, L.
- Published
- 2014
9. Dental hygiene procedure in a patient with Giardia lamblia infection
- Author
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L Santacroce, Bottalico L, and Mangini F
- Subjects
Adult ,Giardiasis ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Gastroenterology ,Microbiology ,Full mouth disinfection ,Weight loss ,Hygiene ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Dentistry (miscellaneous) ,Feces ,media_common ,Heart Failure ,biology ,Dental Care for Chronically Ill ,business.industry ,Dental Prophylaxis ,Giardia ,biology.organism_classification ,Metronidazole ,Heart Transplantation ,medicine.symptom ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Introduction: Giardiasis, or Giardia lamblia infection, is the most common parasitosis of the human digestive tract. It is highly contagious and mostly occurs in warm climates. Children are especially susceptible to infection. Microbiological Features: The infection can sporadically occur anywhere and waterborne outbreaks have been reported in some countries. Hence, the prevention of giardiasis depends on proper sanitation. Once ingested through contaminated water, Giardia cysts adhere to the intestinal surface. The parasite feeds on the mucous secretions of the intestine and may produce severe infections which can interfere with nutrient absorption. Symptoms in affected individuals usually include diarrhoea, dehydration, stomach cramps, gas, and weight loss. Diagnosis: Diagnosis is based on the detection of cysts in fecal samples. Treatment includes the use of metronidazole and other drugs that are effective in clearing the infection within a few days. Case report: We report the recent case of a patient with Giardiasis who received dental hygiene procedures and discuss the interventions required in consideration of the patient’s concomitant heart condition.
- Published
- 2007
10. Development of a time-domain tomographic system for optical imaging
- Author
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LEPORE, Maria, URSO G, ESPOSITO R, BOTTALICO L, ESPOSITO M, FALCO M. D, DELFINO I, INDOVINA P. L., Optical Tomography and Spectroscopy of Tissue IV, Lepore, Maria, Urso, G, Esposito, R, Bottalico, L, Esposito, M, Falco, M. D., Delfino, I, and Indovina, P. L.
- Published
- 2001
11. Visible-light high-activity titania from catalytic and surface abatement of aromatic hydrocarbons
- Author
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Pernicone, N., Pinna, Francesco, Signoretto, Michela, Trevisan, Valentina, De Marco, T., and Bottalico, L.
- Published
- 2012
12. Abatement of VOC and NOx Under UV and VIS Irradiation Over High activity Carbon-doped
- Author
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Trevisan, Valentina, Pinna, Francesco, Signoretto, Michela, DE MARCO, T., Bottalico, L., and Perticone, N.
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- 2012
13. Process for the preparation of carbon-doped titanium dioxide
- Author
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Pernicone, N., Pinna, Francesco, Trevisan, Valentina, Cassar, L., Guerrini, G., and Bottalico, L.
- Published
- 2011
14. Procedimento per la preparazione di biossido di titanio dopato con carbonio
- Author
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Pernicone, N., Pinna, Francesco, Trevisan, Valentina, Cassar, L., Guerrini, G. L., and Bottalico, L.
- Published
- 2009
15. A severe deep-bite with headache case resolved using a functional appliance
- Author
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Bracco, Pietro, Deregibus, Andrea Piero, Giaretta, G., and Bottalico, L.
- Published
- 1999
16. Service Life of Cementitious Photocatalytic Paints Newly Formulated
- Author
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Enea, Daniele, primary, Enea, Daniele, additional, Bottalico, L., additional, and de Marco, T., additional
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Experimental evaluation of the durability of innovative cementitious coatings: photocatalytic activity and colour
- Author
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Alaimo, G., primary, Enea, D., additional, Guerrini, G. L., additional, and Bottalico, L., additional
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. A recombinant MnSOD is radioprotective for normal cells and radiosensitizing for tumor cells
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BORRELLI, A, primary, SCHIATTARELLA, A, additional, MANCINI, R, additional, MORRICA, B, additional, CERCIELLO, V, additional, MORMILE, M, additional, DALESIO, V, additional, BOTTALICO, L, additional, MORELLI, F, additional, and DARMIENTO, M, additional
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
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19. A COMPARISON OF THE CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING CHARACTERISTICS OF ANCIENT ROMAN HYDRAULIC CONCRETE WITH A MODERN REPRODUCTION OF VITRUVIAN HYDRAULIC CONCRETE*
- Author
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GOTTI, E., primary, OLESON, J. P., additional, BOTTALICO, L., additional, BRANDON, C., additional, CUCITORE, R., additional, and HOHLFELDER, R. L., additional
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
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20. Reproducing a Roman maritime structure with Vitruvian pozzolanic concrete
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Oleson, J. P., primary, Bottalico, L., additional, Brandon, C., additional, Cucitore, R., additional, Gotti, E., additional, and Hohlfelder, R. L., additional
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- 2006
- Full Text
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21. Cholesteryl ester loading of mouse peritoneal macrophages is associated with changes in the expression or modification of specific cellular proteins, including increase in an alpha-enolase isoform.
- Author
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Bottalico, L A, primary, Kendrick, N C, additional, Keller, A, additional, Li, Y, additional, and Tabas, I, additional
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- 1993
- Full Text
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22. Secondary pathologic fractures in osteosarcoma: prognosis and evolution.
- Author
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VERMESAN, D., VERMESAN, H., DRAGULESCU, S. I., BERA, I., DI GIOVANNI, A., SABATINI, R., SANTACROCE, L., BOTTALICO, L., FLACE, P., and CAGIANO, R.
- Abstract
Secondary or pathologic fractures, associated with osteosarcoma, have been considered for a long time a negative prognosis regarding its evolution in the patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic importance of such pathologic fractures in osteosarcoma patients receiving new therapies as well as the best conditions for surgery aiming at "limbs salvage". On a total of 22 patients affected by osteosarcoma, we performed a retrospective study with 12 patients showing pathologic fractures caused by osteosarcoma and 10 patients without any pathologic fracture. The patients enrolled into Timisoara University Hospital have been followed up along 5 years or until a reappearance of either the disease or metastases, distant or local. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
23. Effects on rat sexual behaviour of acute MDMA (ecstasy) alone or in combination with loud music.
- Author
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CAGIANO, R., BERA, I., SABATINI, R., FLACE, P., VERMESAN, D., VERMESAN, H., DRAGULESCU, S. I., BOTTALICO, L., and SANTACROCE, L.
- Abstract
The effects on sexual behaviour of acute low doses of methylendioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) (0.3, 1, 3 mg/kg/i.p.), alone or in combination with exposure to loud music (1 h stimulation), were investigated in Wistar rats. Results indicate that acute MDMA, at dose of 3 mg/kg, notably impaired copulatory behavior of sexually experienced male rats. In particular, MDMA-exposed animals exhibited a significant increase in intromission and ejaculation latencies as well as a significant decrease in percentage of rats displaying copulatory activity (one intromission at least). Surprisingly, one hour exposure to loud music, which per se resulted ineffective, antagonized the suppressive effect of MDMA by increasing the percent of animals displaying sexual activity. However, combined treatment of MDMA and music stimulation did not fully restore normal sexual behavior as the animals reaching ejaculation still showed a marked reduction of copulatory efficiency. These findings demonstrate that the systemic administration of a single low dose of MDMA, alone or in combination with loud music, which is commonly present in certain environments such as rave parties, notably impairs copulatory activity of male rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
24. Experimental evaluation of the durability of innovative cementitious coatings: photocatalytic activity and colour
- Author
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Alaimo, G., Enea, D., Guerrini, G. L., and Bottalico, L.
- Abstract
Today, in a world context characterized by high pollution levels and increasingly limited natural resources, even in the building sector, focusing on environmental issues, through energy saving and a more rational use of these resources, both during construction and management, is fundamental. An important contribution in this direction is given by the knowledge of the durability of products and building components, especially when innovative products are applied and no information are available on the reliability and service life. The research concerns the evaluation of the durability of cement-based photocatalytic coatings ("rasanti" in the Italian diction), containing different types of pigments, used for the external finishing of the buildings envelope and applied in low thicknesses on different supports. These products were prepared using photocatalytic cements by Italcementi (TX ActiveR) The investigated aspects are: the photocatalytic properties, conferring self-cleaning attitude and reduced maintenance to the treated surfaces, and the colorimetric ones, meaning the conservation of colour and giving aesthetic quality to the building envelope. The paper presents some results carried out on TX ActiveRcement-based coatings, performed according to the ISO 15686 methodology, aimed at defining the Reference Service Life, through accelerated ageing tests in climatic chamber and the corresponding monitoring of photocatalytic and colorimetric properties. The photocatalytic tests were carried out according to the UNI 11247-2010, in terms of NOx abatement capability, and the colour measurements were taken on the CIELAB colour space.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. The pivotal role of oral microbiota in health and disease
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Santacroce, L., Sardaro, N., Topi, S., Pettini, F., Bottalico, L., Stefania Cantore, Cascella, G., Prete, R. D., Dipalma, G., and Inchingolo, F.
26. Infective endocarditis: What is changed in epidemiology and prophylaxis
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DONATO D'AGOSTINO, Bottalico, L., and Santacroce, L.
27. Biomolecular Mechanisms of Autoimmune Diseases and Their Relationship with the Resident Microbiota: Friend or Foe?
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Skender Topi, Lucrezia Bottalico, Ioannis Alexandros Charitos, Marica Colella, Marina Di Domenico, Raffaele Palmirotta, Luigi Santacroce, Topi, S., Bottalico, L., Charitos, I. A., Colella, M., Di Domenico, M., Palmirotta, R., and Santacroce, L.
- Subjects
dysbiosi ,microbiota ,microbiome ,autoimmune disease ,molecular mimicry ,General Medicine ,Prevotella copri - Abstract
The use of innovative approaches to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms of autoimmune diseases, as well as to further study of the factors which can have either a positive or negative effect on the course of the disease, is essential. In this line, the development of new molecular techniques and the creation of the Human Genome Program have allowed access to many more solutions to the difficulties that exist in the identification and characterization of the microbiome, as well as changes due to various factors. Such innovative technologies can rekindle older hypotheses, such as molecular mimicry, allowing us to move from hypothesis to theory and from correlation to causality, particularly regarding autoimmune diseases and dysbiosis of the microbiota. For example, Prevotella copri appears to have a strong association with rheumatoid arthritis; it is expected that this will be confirmed by several scientists, which, in turn, will make it possible to identify other mechanisms that may contribute to the pathophysiology of the disease. This article seeks to identify new clues regarding similar correlations between autoimmune activity and the human microbiota, particularly in relation to qualitative and quantitative microbial variations therein.
- Published
- 2022
28. Service Life of Cementitious Photocatalytic Paints Newly Formulated
- Author
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T. De Marco, L. Bottalico, Giuseppe Alaimo, Daniele Enea, Enea, D, Alaimo, G, Bottalico, L, and De Marco, T
- Subjects
Materials science ,business.industry ,General Engineering ,Environmental engineering ,Settore ICAR/11 - Produzione Edilizia ,Accelerated aging ,Durability ,Surface coating ,ISO 15686 ,Durability, Photocatalityc paint, Color, NOx ,Service life ,Atmospheric pollutants ,Photocatalysis ,Cementitious ,Process engineering ,business - Abstract
The use of photocatalytic products for surface coating of buildings contributes to the sustainability of building interventions, due to the reduction of some atmospheric pollutants and self-cleaning attitude. The world market produces a wide range of coatings, applied in limited thickness, transparent and opaque, high initial performance, although data on their durability are still missing. The knowledge of the performance over time of such innovative products is necessary according to the new EU Regulation No. 305/2011, which introduced for construction works, the seventh requirement on their sustainability and particularly their durability. The study concerns the evaluation of the durability of white photocatalytic paint, TX Active® cement-based. The methodology is based on ISO 15686 and consists in monitoring the most significant selected parameters, during laboratory accelerated aging tests and natural environment exposure. Measured performance were the morphological appearance of the surface, the photocatalytic activity and the color. The results obtained demonstrate the efficiency in time and the maintenance of performance of the photocatalytic paint, above limits defined by standards and conservation of color.
- Published
- 2013
29. Experimental evaluation of the durability of innovative cementitious coatings: photocatalytic activity and colour
- Author
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Gl Guerrini, Daniele Enea, Giuseppe Alaimo, L. Bottalico, Alaimo, G, Enea, D, Guerrini, GL, and Bottalico, L
- Subjects
Materials science ,business.industry ,Settore ICAR/11 - Produzione Edilizia ,Context (language use) ,Structural engineering ,Durability ,ISO 15686 ,Service life ,Photocatalysis ,Sustainability, durability, photocatalysis, cementitious coatings, color ,Cementitious ,Process engineering ,business ,Reliability (statistics) ,Building envelope - Abstract
Today, in a world context characterized by high pollution levels and increasingly limited natural resources, even in the building sector, focusing on environmental issues, through energy saving and a more rational use of these resources, both during construction and management, is fundamental. An important contribution in this direction is given by the knowledge of the durability of products and building components, especially when innovative products are applied and no information are available on the reliability and service life. The research concerns the evaluation of the durability of cement-based photocatalytic coatings ("rasanti" in the Italian diction), containing different types of pigments, used for the external finishing of the buildings envelope and applied in low thicknesses on different supports. These products were prepared using photocatalytic cements by Italcementi (TX Active R ) The investigated aspects are: the photocatalytic properties, conferring self-cleaning attitude and reduced maintenance to the treated surfaces, and the colorimetric ones, meaning the conservation of colour and giving aesthetic quality to the building envelope. The paper presents some results carried out on TX Active R cement-based coatings, performed according to the ISO 15686 methodology, aimed at defining the Reference Service Life, through accelerated ageing tests in climatic chamber and the corresponding monitoring of photocatalytic and colorimetric properties. The photocatalytic tests were carried out according to the UNI 11247-2010, in terms of NOx abatement capability, and the colour measurements were taken on the CIELAB colour space.
- Published
- 2012
30. A recombinant MnSOD is radioprotective for normal cells and radiosensitizing for tumor cells
- Author
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Maria D'Armiento, Brunello Morrica, Valentina D’Alesio, Francesco Paolo D'Armiento, Laura Bottalico, Antonella Borrelli, Vincenzo Cerciello, Francesco Morelli, Maria Mormile, Aldo Mancini, Antonella Schiattarella, Roberto Mancini, Borrelli, A, Schiattarella, A, Mancini, R, Morrica, B, Cerciello, V, Mormile, M, D'Alesio, V, Bottalico, L, Morelli, F, D'Armiento, Maria, D'Armiento, FRANCESCO PAOLO, and Mancini, A.
- Subjects
Radiation-Sensitizing Agents ,Radioprotection ,Free Radicals ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Gene Expression ,Apoptosis ,Biology ,Biochemistry ,Radiation Tolerance ,Cell population ,law.invention ,Ionizing radiation ,Lethal Dose 50 ,Mice ,In vivo ,law ,Physiology (medical) ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Neoplasms ,Radiation, Ionizing ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Irradiation ,Radiation Injuries ,Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ,Liposome ,Radiosensitizing ,business.industry ,Superoxide Dismutase ,Membrane Proteins ,Free Radical Scavengers ,Fibroblasts ,Recombinant Proteins ,Radiation therapy ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Viability ,Radiolysis ,Cancer cell ,Recombinant DNA ,Cancer research ,Female ,Nuclear medicine ,business ,Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins - Abstract
Organisms exposed to ionizing radiation are mainly damaged by free radicals, which are generated by the radiolysis of water contained in the cells. Recently a significant reduction of tissue injury from irradiation damage was demonstrated by using MnSOD-plasmid/liposome treatments in the protection of murine lung. In this study we show that a new active recombinant human MnSOD (rMnSOD), easily administered in vivo, not only exerts the same radioprotective effect on normal cells and organisms as any MnSOD, but it is also radiosensitizing for tumor cells. In addition, we show how healthy animals, exposed to lethal doses of ionizing radiation and daily injections with rMnSOD, were protected from radiodamage and were still alive 30 days after the irradiation, while animals treated with only PBS solution, in the absence of rMnSOD, died after 7-8 days from the radiotreatments. The molecular analysis of all irradiated tissues revealed that the antiapoptotic AVEN gene appeared activated only in the animals treated in the presence of rMnSOD. The data suggest that rMnSOD deserves to be considered as a pharmaceutical tool for making radiotherapy more selective on cancer cells and to prevent and/or cure the accidental damage derived from exposure to ionizing radiation.
- Published
- 2009
31. Preparation and characterization of phantom objects for optical imaging by time-resolved transmittance and fluorescence
- Author
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Laura Bottalico, Maria Lepore, Ines Delfino, Rosario Esposito, Daniel L. Farka, Robert C. Leif, Bottalico, L, Delfino, I, Esposito, R, and Lepore, Maria
- Subjects
Materials science ,genetic structures ,business.industry ,Streak camera ,Laser ,Fluorescence ,Imaging phantom ,Photon counting ,law.invention ,Rhodamine ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Optics ,chemistry ,law ,Transmittance ,Optoelectronics ,Time-resolved spectroscopy ,business - Abstract
Well-characterized phantom objects are necessary for investigating the performances of optical imaging systems based on time-resolved transmittance and fluorescence. For this purposes we have prepared inhomogeneous phantoms made of gelatinous objects placed in aqueous solutions of 10% Intralipid with different concentrations. The gelatinous objects have been prepared using a mixture of 10% Intralipid with agar at which absorbing ink have been added for transmittance based optical imaging system. For fluorescence measurements proper fluorescent dyes (rhodamine6G and IR125) have been added. Conventional optical characterization by spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric measurements have been performed. In addition, time-resolved transmittance and fluorescence measurements have been carried out. In particular, time-correlated single photon counting system has been used for time-resolved transmittance measurements. For time-resolved fluorescence measurements an optical imaging system based on a Ti:Sa laser and streak camera has been employed.
- Published
- 2002
32. Exploitation of Natural By-Products for the Promotion of Healthy Outcomes in Humans: Special Focus on Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms and Modulation of the Gut Microbiota.
- Author
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Santacroce L, Bottalico L, Charitos IA, Castellaneta F, Gaxhja E, Topi S, Palmirotta R, and Jirillo E
- Abstract
Daily, a lot of food is wasted, and vegetables, fruit, and cereals as well as marine products represent the major sources of unwanted by-products. The sustainability, waste recovery, and revalorization of food by-products have been proposed as the main goals of the so-called circular economy. In fact, food wastes are enriched in by-products endowed with beneficial effects on human health. Grape, olives, vegetables, and rice contain different compounds, such as polyphenols, dietary fibers, polysaccharides, vitamins, and proteins, which exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, inhibiting pro-oxidant genes and the Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kβ) pathway, as demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Dietary fibers act upon the gut microbiota, expanding beneficial bacteria, which contribute to healthy outcomes. Furthermore, marine foods, even including microalgae, arthropods, and wastes of fish, are rich in carotenoids, polyphenols, polyunsaturated fatty acids, proteins, and chitooligosaccharides, which afford antioxidant and anti-inflammatory protection. The present review will cover the major by-products derived from food wastes, describing the mechanisms of action involved in the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as the modulation of the gut microbiota. The effects of some by-products have also been explored in clinical trials, while others, such as marine by-products, need more investigation for their full exploitation as bioactive compounds in humans.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Current Knowledge about Gastric Microbiota with Special Emphasis on Helicobacter pylori- Related Gastric Conditions.
- Author
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Santacroce L, Topi S, Bottalico L, Charitos IA, and Jirillo E
- Abstract
The gastric milieu, because of its very low acidic pH, is very harsh for bacterial growth. The discovery of Helicobacter pylori ( H.p. ) has opened a new avenue for studies on the gastric microbiota, thus indicating that the stomach is not a sterile environment. Nowadays, new technologies of bacterial identification have demonstrated the existence of other microorganisms in the gastric habitat, which play an important role in health and disease. This bacterium possesses an arsenal of compounds which enable its survival but, at the same time, damage the gastric mucosa. Toxins, such as cytotoxin-associated gene A, vacuolar cytotoxin A, lipopolysaccharides, and adhesins, determine an inflammatory status of the gastric mucosa which may become chronic, ultimately leading to a gastric carcinoma. In the initial stage, H.p. persistence alters the gastric microbiota with a condition of dysbiosis, predisposing to inflammation. Probiotics and prebiotics exhibit beneficial effects on H.p. infection, and, among them, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities are the major ones. Moreover, the association of probiotics with prebiotics (synbiotics) to conventional anti- H.p. therapy contributes to a more efficacious eradication of the bacterium. Also, polyphenols, largely present in the vegetal kingdom, have been demonstrated to alleviate H.p.- dependent pathologies, even including the inhibition of tumorigenesis. The gastric microbiota composition in health and disease is described. Then, cellular and molecular mechanisms of H.p.- mediated damage are clarified. Finally, the use of probiotics, prebiotics, and polyphenols in experimental models and in patients infected with H.p. is discussed.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Healthy Diets and Lifestyles in the World: Mediterranean and Blue Zone People Live Longer. Special Focus on Gut Microbiota and Some Food Components.
- Author
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Santacroce L, Bottalico L, Charitos IA, Haxhirexha K, Topi S, and Jirillo E
- Subjects
- Humans, Life Style, Mediterranean Region epidemiology, Healthy Lifestyle, Animals, Longevity physiology, Gastrointestinal Microbiome physiology, Diet, Mediterranean, Diet, Healthy trends
- Abstract
Longevity has been associated with healthy lifestyles, including some dietary regimens, such as the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and the Blue Zone (BZ) diets. MedDiet relies on a large consumption of fruit, vegetables, cereals, and extra-virgin olive oil, with less red meat and fat intake. Four major BZ have been recognized in the world, namely, Ogliastra in Sardinia (Italy), Ikaria (Greece), the Peninsula of Nicoya (Costa Rica), and Okinawa (Japan). Extreme longevity in these areas has been associated with correct lifestyles and dietary regimens. Fibers, polyphenols, beta-glucans, and unsaturated fatty acids represent the major constituents of both MedDiet and BZ diets, given their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Particularly, inhibition of the NF-kB pathway, with a reduced release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and induction of T regulatory cells, with the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin- 10, are the main mechanisms that prevent or attenuate the "inflammaging." Notably, consistent physical activity, intense social interactions, and an optimistic attitude contribute to longevity in BZD areas. Commonalities and differences between MedDIet and BZ diets will be outlined, with special reference to microbiota and food components, which may contribute to longevity., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)
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- 2024
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35. The ancient roots of dentistry in the Mediterranean civilizations: between Etruscan and Greek traditions up to the time of imperial Rome.
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Charitos IA, Ballini A, Cantore S, Lo Muzio E, Spirito F, Santacroce L, and Bottalico L
- Subjects
- Humans, Rome, Greece, Italy, Dentistry, Civilization
- Abstract
Etruscans, people living in Etruria (Umbria and Tuscany, Italy), were the first to make dentures and false teeth, from 700 BCE onwards. The aim of this study was to investigate, through archaeological and anthropological records, the Etruscans ability in dental practice to understand better Greek's influence on their medical knowledge and, subsequently, the transmission of their medical expertise to Romans. We extensively searched literature to find out references in previous studies on Etruscan medical and dental practice by using keywords such as "Etruscan medicine" and "Etruscan dentistry." We selected various historical papers, from the ancient age texts of 5
th century to 2020, which best focused on the review's purpose. Etruscan civilization was influenced by Greek's culture throughout Italian colonies and later "merge" into Greek-Roman culture. Their medical practice based on a mixture of mythology, religion, and technical abilities, especially regarding metalworking. Archaeological remains show a great competence in creating dental prosthesis and in treatment of oral diseases. The results of this paper provide an evident contribution to the knowledge of Etruscan culture, still largely unknown by an anthropological point of view, and their strong relationship with the Greeks colonies, in a profitable cultural exchange.- Published
- 2023
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36. Oral microbiota in human health and disease: A perspective.
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Santacroce L, Passarelli PC, Azzolino D, Bottalico L, Charitos IA, Cazzolla AP, Colella M, Topi S, Godoy FG, and D'Addona A
- Subjects
- Humans, Dysbiosis, Periodontal Diseases, Microbiota physiology
- Abstract
The evolution of medical knowledge about oral microbiota has increased awareness of its important role for the entire human body health. A wide range of microbial species colonizing the oral cavity interact both with each other and with their host through complex pathways. Usually, these interactions lead to a harmonious coexistence (i.e. eubiosis). However, several factors - including diet, poor oral hygiene, tobacco smoking, and certain medications, among others - can disrupt this weak homeostatic balance (i.e. dysbiosis) with potential implications on both oral (i.e. development of caries and periodontal disease) and systemic health. This article is thus aimed at providing an overview on the importance of oral microbiota in mediating several physiological and pathological conditions affecting human health. In this context, strategies based on oral hygiene and diet as well as the role of probiotics supplementation are discussed., Competing Interests: Declaration Of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
- Published
- 2023
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37. Crosstalk between the Resident Microbiota and the Immune Cells Regulates Female Genital Tract Health.
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Santacroce L, Palmirotta R, Bottalico L, Charitos IA, Colella M, Topi S, and Jirillo E
- Abstract
The female genital tract (FGT) performs several functions related to reproduction, but due to its direct exposure to the external environment, it may suffer microbial infections. Both the upper (uterus and cervix) and lower (vagina) FGT are covered by an epithelium, and contain immune cells (macrophages, dendritic cells, T and B lymphocytes) that afford a robust protection to the host. Its upper and the lower part differ in terms of Lactobacillus spp., which are dominant in the vagina. An alteration of the physiological equilibrium between the local microbiota and immune cells leads to a condition of dysbiosis which, in turn, may account for the outcome of FGT infection. Aerobic vaginitis, bacterial vaginosis, and Chlamydia trachomatis are the most frequent infections, and can lead to severe complications in reproduction and pregnancy. The use of natural products, such as probiotics, polyphenols, and lactoferrin in the course of FGT infections is an issue of current investigation. In spite of positive results, more research is needed to define the most appropriate administration, according to the type of patient.
- Published
- 2023
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38. The Crosstalk between Gut Microbiota and Nervous System: A Bidirectional Interaction between Microorganisms and Metabolome.
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Montagnani M, Bottalico L, Potenza MA, Charitos IA, Topi S, Colella M, and Santacroce L
- Subjects
- Humans, Animals, Enteric Nervous System, Brain-Gut Axis, Intestines metabolism, Intestines microbiology, Nervous System Diseases metabolism, Nervous System Diseases microbiology, Nervous System Diseases pathology, Dysbiosis metabolism, Dysbiosis microbiology, Dysbiosis pathology, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Nervous System metabolism
- Abstract
Several studies have shown that the gut microbiota influences behavior and, in turn, changes in the immune system associated with symptoms of depression or anxiety disorder may be mirrored by corresponding changes in the gut microbiota. Although the composition/function of the intestinal microbiota appears to affect the central nervous system (CNS) activities through multiple mechanisms, accurate epidemiological evidence that clearly explains the connection between the CNS pathology and the intestinal dysbiosis is not yet available. The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a separate branch of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the largest part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). It is composed of a vast and complex network of neurons which communicate via several neuromodulators and neurotransmitters, like those found in the CNS. Interestingly, despite its tight connections to both the PNS and ANS, the ENS is also capable of some independent activities. This concept, together with the suggested role played by intestinal microorganisms and the metabolome in the onset and progression of CNS neurological (neurodegenerative, autoimmune) and psychopathological (depression, anxiety disorders, autism) diseases, explains the large number of investigations exploring the functional role and the physiopathological implications of the gut microbiota/brain axis.
- Published
- 2023
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39. Ancient herbal therapy: A brief history of Panax ginseng .
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Potenza MA, Montagnani M, Santacroce L, Charitos IA, and Bottalico L
- Abstract
Ginseng was the most revered of the herbs in ancient times in China, Korea, Japan, America. Ginseng was discovered over 5000 years ago in the mountains of Manchuria, China. References to ginseng are found in books dating back more than two millennia. It is revered by the Chinese people as it is considered a herb for everything use and therefore for a wide range of diseases (currently its Latin name derived from the Greek panacea , meanings, that is, for everything). So, it was used exclusively by the Chinese Emperor's, and they were willing to pay the price without problems. Increasing its fame, ginseng brought a flourishing international trade that allowed Korea to supply China with silk and medicines in exchange for wild ginseng and later along with what grows in America., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2022 The Korean Society of Ginseng. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V.)
- Published
- 2023
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40. About Functional Foods: The Probiotics and Prebiotics State of Art.
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Ballini A, Charitos IA, Cantore S, Topi S, Bottalico L, and Santacroce L
- Abstract
Poor diet, obesity and a sedentary lifestyle have a significant impact on natural microbiota disorders; specifically, the intestinal one. This in turn can lead to a multitude of organ dysfunctions. The gut microbiota contains more than 500 species of bacteria and constitutes 95% of the total number of cells in the human body, thus contributing significantly to the host's resistance to infectious diseases. Nowadays, consumers have turned to purchased foods, especially those containing probiotic bacteria or prebiotics, that constitute some of the functional food market, which is constantly expanding. Indeed, there are many products available that incorporate probiotics, such as yogurt, cheese, juices, jams, cookies, salami sausages, mayonnaise, nutritional supplements, etc. The probiotics are microorganisms that, when taken in sufficient amounts, contribute positively to the health of the host and are the focus of interest for both scientific studies and commercial companies. Thus, in the last decade, the introduction of DNA sequencing technologies with subsequent bioinformatics processing contributes to the in-depth characterization of the vast biodiversity of the gut microbiota, their composition, their connection with the physiological function-known as homeostasis-of the human organism, and their involvement in several diseases. Therefore, in this study, we highlighted the extensive investigation of current scientific research for the association of those types of functional foods containing probiotics and prebiotics in the diet and the composition of the intestinal microbiota. As a result, this study can form the foundation for a new research path based on reliable data from the literature, acting a guide in the continuous effort to monitor the rapid developments in this field.
- Published
- 2023
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41. Non-Surgical Therapy and Oral Microbiota Features in Peri-Implant Complications: A Brief Narrative Review.
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Corsalini M, Montagnani M, Charitos IA, Bottalico L, Barile G, and Santacroce L
- Abstract
The therapeutic discretion in cases of peri-implantitis should take into account the limits and advantages of specific therapeutic itineraries tailored according to each clinical case and each individual patient. This type of oral pathology emphasizes the complex classification and diagnostic issues coupled with the need for targeted treatments, in light of the oral peri-implant microbiota changes. This review highlights the current indications for the non-surgical treatment of peri-implantitis, describing the specific therapeutic efficacy of different approaches and discussing the more appropriate application of single non-invasive therapies The non-surgical treatment choice with antiseptics or antibiotics (single or combined, local, or systemic) for short courses should be considered on a case-by-case basis to minimize the incidence of side effects and concomitantly avoid disease progression.
- Published
- 2023
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42. Subversion of the Oral Microbiota and Induction of Immune-Mediated Systemic Inflammation with Special Reference to Periodontitis: Current Knowledge and Perspectives.
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Santacroce L, Muzio EL, Bottalico L, Spirito F, Charitos IA, Passarelli PC, and Jirillo E
- Subjects
- Humans, Inflammation, Periodontium, Periodontitis, Microbiota
- Abstract
Under steady-state circumstances, the oral microbiota is in equilibrium with host tissues, thus contributing to local and systemic health. Any interruption of such equilibrium leads to a condition of dysbiosis with the proliferation of oral pathogens able to cause gingivitis and periodontal disease. The mechanisms of periodontitis will be described, mostly emphasizing the noxious effects exerted by oral pathogens on the periodontium either directly or indirectly via the release of an array of mediators, even including pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and enzymes. The persistence of local inflammation ultimately leads to systemic inflammation; therefore, the link between periodontitis and obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease will be elucidated. Some natural compounds, such as polyphenols, prebiotics, and probiotics, will be discussed for their ability to exert anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities in the context of the inflamed buccal cavity and systemically, as well as for their modulation of the altered gum-gut microbiota., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)
- Published
- 2023
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43. Metals Biotribology and Oral Microbiota Biocorrosion Mechanisms.
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Contuzzi N, Casalino G, Boccaccio A, Ballini A, Charitos IA, Bottalico L, and Santacroce L
- Abstract
During the last decades, metal-based biomaterials have been extensively explored to be used as biocompatible metals for biomedical applications, owing to their superior mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Consequently, for long-term implanted medical devices, to assure the biomaterials' reliability, functionality, and biocompatibility, studying the various bio-tribological damage mechanisms to obtain the optimum properties is one of the most important goals. In this review, we consider the most important metal-based biomaterials such as stainless steel, alloys of titanium (Ti), cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr), and Nichel-Titatium (Ni-Ti), as well Magnesium (Mg) alloys and with Tantalum (Ta), emphasizing their characteristics, clinical applications, and deterioration over time. The influence of metal elements on biological safety, including significant effects of metal-based biomaterials in dentistry were discussed, considering the perspectives of surface, mechanical properties, corrosion behaviors, including interactions, bio-mechanisms with tissues, and oral environments. In addition, the role of the oral microbiota was explored due to its role in this erosion condition, in order to further understand the mechanism of metal-based biomaterials implanted on the microflora balance of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in an oral environment.
- Published
- 2022
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44. Antibiotic Resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Potential Use of Natural and Biological Products as Alternative Anti-Mycobacterial Agents.
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Arrigoni R, Ballini A, Topi S, Bottalico L, Jirillo E, and Santacroce L
- Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ). TB treatment is based on the administration of three major antibiotics: isoniazid, rifampicin, and pyrazinamide. However, multi-drug resistant (MDR) Mtb strains are increasing around the world, thus, allowing TB to spread around the world. The stringent response is demonstrated by Mtb strains in order to survive under hostile circumstances, even including exposure to antibiotics. The stringent response is mediated by alarmones, which regulate bacterial replication, transcription and translation. Moreover, the Mtb cell wall contributes to the mechanism of antibiotic resistance along with efflux pump activation and biofilm formation. Immunity over the course of TB is managed by M1-macrophages and M2-macrophages, which regulate the immune response against Mtb infection, with the former exerting inflammatory reactions and the latter promoting an anti-inflammatory profile. T helper 1 cells via secretion of interferon (IFN)-gamma, play a protective role in the course of TB, while T regulatory cells secreting interleukin 10, are anti-inflammatory. Alternative therapeutic options against TB require further discussion. In view of the increasing number of MDR Mtb strains, attempts to replace antibiotics with natural and biological products have been object of intensive investigation. Therefore, in this review the anti- Mtb effects exerted by probiotics, polyphenols, antimicrobial peptides and IFN-gamma will be discussed. All the above cited compounds are endowed either with direct antibacterial activity or with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating characteristics.
- Published
- 2022
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45. Biomolecular Mechanisms of Autoimmune Diseases and Their Relationship with the Resident Microbiota: Friend or Foe?
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Topi S, Bottalico L, Charitos IA, Colella M, Di Domenico M, Palmirotta R, and Santacroce L
- Abstract
The use of innovative approaches to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms of autoimmune diseases, as well as to further study of the factors which can have either a positive or negative effect on the course of the disease, is essential. In this line, the development of new molecular techniques and the creation of the Human Genome Program have allowed access to many more solutions to the difficulties that exist in the identification and characterization of the microbiome, as well as changes due to various factors. Such innovative technologies can rekindle older hypotheses, such as molecular mimicry, allowing us to move from hypothesis to theory and from correlation to causality, particularly regarding autoimmune diseases and dysbiosis of the microbiota. For example, Prevotella copri appears to have a strong association with rheumatoid arthritis; it is expected that this will be confirmed by several scientists, which, in turn, will make it possible to identify other mechanisms that may contribute to the pathophysiology of the disease. This article seeks to identify new clues regarding similar correlations between autoimmune activity and the human microbiota, particularly in relation to qualitative and quantitative microbial variations therein.
- Published
- 2022
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46. The war against bacteria, from the past to present and beyond.
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Bottalico L, Charitos IA, Potenza MA, Montagnani M, and Santacroce L
- Subjects
- Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Bacteria, Humans, Bacterial Infections drug therapy, Bacterial Infections microbiology, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
- Abstract
Introduction: The human defense against microorganisms dates back to the ancient civilizations, with attempts to use substances from vegetal, animal, or inorganic origin to fight infections. Today, the emerging threat of multidrug-resistant bacteria highlights the consequences of antibiotics inappropriate use, and the urgent need for novel effective molecules., Methods and Materials: We extensively researched on more recent data within PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Elsevier's EMBASE, Cochrane Review for the modern pharmacology in between 1987 - 2021. The historical evolution included a detailed analysis of past studies on the significance of medical applications in the ancient therapeutic field., Areas Covered: We examined the history of antibiotics development and discovery, the most relevant biochemical aspects of their mode of action, and the biomolecular mechanisms conferring bacterial resistance to antibiotics., Expert Opinion: The list of pathogens showing low sensitivity or full resistance to most currently available antibiotics is growing worldwide. Long after the 'golden age' of antibiotic discovery, the most novel molecules should be carefully reserved to treat serious bacterial infections of susceptible bacteria. A correct diagnostic and therapeutic procedure can slow down the spreading of nosocomial and community infections sustained by multidrug-resistant bacterial strains.
- Published
- 2022
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47. Efficacy of bioactivated anticalculus toothpaste on oral health: a single-blind, parallel-group clinical study.
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Brauner E, DI Cosola M, Ambrosino M, Cazzolla AP, Dioguardi M, Nocini R, Topi S, Mancini A, Maggiore ME, Scacco S, Bottalico L, Malcangi A, and Cantore S
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Dental Calculus prevention & control, Double-Blind Method, Humans, Single-Blind Method, Oral Health, Toothpastes
- Abstract
Background: Current epidemiologic studies have confirmed the widespread presence of calculus in teenagers and adults of all ages. Among the multiple anticalculus strategies that have been proposed over the years inhibition of crystal growth has been the most attractive. Current formulations in anticalculus toothpastes and mothwash, utilize either hydroxyapatite or various pyrophosphate combinations. This study aimed to analyze the efficacy of an anticalculus tooth paste in combination or not with a mouth rinse., Methods: Patients (totally 40) used a pyrophosphate-based toothpaste containing tetrapotassium pyrophosphate, pentasodium triphosphate, xylitol, hydroxyapatite, citric acid, and calcium carbonate (group A) in combination, with a mouth rinse containing an association of pentasodium triphosphate, tetrapotassium pyrophosphate and citric acid (group B). A range of parameters were measured for: saliva pH, Volpe Manhold Calculus Index (VMI), Gingival Index (GI), and Plaque Index (PI)., Results: The test mouth rinse group B showd reductions in VMI, GI, PI, and increases in pH levels, after using the combination of toothpaste and mouth rinse. No changes in the mucosa or teeth were observed in both groups. Patients perceived that the comitation of products was more effective., Conclusions: The results from the three-month calculus examination indicated that both the tested products, modified positively clincal parameters and salivary pH. Moreover, the use of the tested products was not associated with any adverse effects.
- Published
- 2022
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48. Venoms and Poisonings during the Centuries: A Narrative Review.
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Charitos IA, Gagliano-Candela R, Santacroce L, and Bottalico L
- Subjects
- Animals, Greece, Ancient, Humans, Male, Poisons history, Venoms
- Abstract
The first traces of man's of poison use date back to ten thousand years ago since the last period of the Paleolithic era. Man used poison for hunting and defense. Indeed, in the second half of the 19th century, arrows made from the bones of animals characterized by particular grooves were found in some caves. In ancient Greece, the term pharmakon (φάρμακον) had a double meaning: remedy for therapy and venom. This is the period in which humans became aware of the fact that poison cannot be defined simply as a substance capable of changing the properties of things. Poison is very frequently mentioned in the history of the Roman Empire, and its use continued through the Renaissance and even during the modern era. Poison was the protagonist in multiple political intrigues of power and is one of the most used lethal weapons over the years. Thought of as the optimal solution for a perfect murder, the poison has a long history. Its success is due to the invisible, untraceable, and often unpunished death it causes., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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49. Current Issues and Perspectives in Antimicrobials use in Dental Practice.
- Author
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Santacroce L, Spirito F, Bottalico L, Muzio EL, Charitos IA, Potenza MA, Montagnani M, and Jirillo E
- Subjects
- Pregnancy, Humans, Female, Bacteria, Anti-Bacterial Agents adverse effects, Mouth Diseases drug therapy
- Abstract
The complexity of the use of antimicrobials for dental use (such as antibiotics) is directly related not only to the mode of onset of an oral infection (linked to numerous factors of local causality and comorbidity) but also to the predisposing risk for the general health of the patient with putative serious consequences related to the neck district. The abuse and misuse of antibiotics may lead to resistance to certain bacterial strains. In this regard, the evaluation of the risk/benefit of their use (especially in pregnant women) can be divided into two phases: risk analysis and subsequently risk management for the benefit of the patient for the oral pathology to be prevented or treated, respectively. This study seeks to focus on the issues and management of patients with certain antimicrobials during dental practice, placing special emphasis on new classes of antibiotics., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Considerations for the Safe Operation of Schools During the Coronavirus Pandemic.
- Author
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Lordan R, Prior S, Hennessy E, Naik A, Ghosh S, Paschos GK, Skarke C, Barekat K, Hollingsworth T, Juska S, Mazaleuskaya LL, Teegarden S, Glascock AL, Anderson S, Meng H, Tang SY, Weljie A, Bottalico L, Ricciotti E, Cherfane P, Mrcela A, Grant G, Poole K, Mayer N, Waring M, Adang L, Becker J, Fries S, FitzGerald GA, and Grosser T
- Subjects
- Child, Humans, Quarantine, SARS-CoV-2, Schools, COVID-19, Pandemics prevention & control
- Abstract
During the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, providing safe in-person schooling has been a dynamic process balancing evolving community disease burden, scientific information, and local regulatory requirements with the mandate for education. Considerations include the health risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its post-acute sequelae, the impact of remote learning or periods of quarantine on education and well-being of children, and the contribution of schools to viral circulation in the community. The risk for infections that may occur within schools is related to the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections within the local community. Thus, persistent suppression of viral circulation in the community through effective public health measures including vaccination is critical to in-person schooling. Evidence suggests that the likelihood of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within schools can be minimized if mitigation strategies are rationally combined. This article reviews evidence-based approaches and practices for the continual operation of in-person schooling., Competing Interests: LA serves on the medical advisory board of the MLD Foundation, CureMLD and “Don't Forget Morgan”. She is a consultant for Orchard Therapeutics, Biogen, and Takeda. She receives compensation and/or research funding for these roles. Additionally, she serves as an uncompensated member of the Board of Trustees and the scientific COVID-19 advisory committee of the Waldorf School of Philadelphia. GF is a chief scientific advisor for the journal Science Translational Medicine and is a senior advisor to Calico Laboratories and receives compensation for both roles. TG serves as an editor for the journal Circulation Genomic and Precision and receives compensation from the American Heart Association for this work. He was an uncompensated member of the Board of Trustees of the Waldorf School of Philadelphia and serves on the school's scientific COVID-19 advisory committee without compensation. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Lordan, Prior, Hennessy, Naik, Ghosh, Paschos, Skarke, Barekat, Hollingsworth, Juska, Mazaleuskaya, Teegarden, Glascock, Anderson, Meng, Tang, Weljie, Bottalico, Ricciotti, Cherfane, Mrcela, Grant, Poole, Mayer, Waring, Adang, Becker, Fries, FitzGerald and Grosser.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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