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A new pathogenic Colletotrichum species was isolated from chayote (Sicyos edulis) leaves and fruit presenting typical anthracnose symptoms from fields in Ibirité (Minas Gerais state) and Tijucas (Santa Catarina state), Brazil. The species Colletotrichum menezesiae sp. nov. is described and illustrated. Multilocus phylogenetic analyses based on combined ACT, GAPDH, nrITS and TUB2 partial sequences revealed that Colletotrichum isolates from chayote form a distinct clade within the C. orbiculare species complex. This clade does not contain the ex-type of any species previously described and is also recognized as an independent lineage according to the GCPSR criteria.

The Botryosphaeriales represents an ecologically diverse group of fungi, comprising endophytes, saprobes, and plant pathogens. In this study, taxonomic analyses were conducted based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of multi-gene sequence data from four loci (ITS, LSU, tef1-α, and tub2). Thirteen isolates obtained from Beijing and Yunnan Province were identified as seven species of Botryosphaeriales, including Aplosporella javeedii, Dothiorella alpina, Phaeobotryon aplosporum and Ph. rhois, and three previously undescribed species, namely Aplosporella yanqingensis, Dothiorella baihuashanensis, and Phaeobotryon platycladi. Additionally, the new records of Dothiorella alpina from the host species Populus szechuanica, Phaeobotryon aplosporum from Juglans mandshurica, and Phaeobotryon rhois from Populus alba var. pyramidalis are included.

Phyllosticta (Phyllostictaceae, Botryosphaeriales) includes plant pathogens, endophytes and saprobes, occurring on various hosts worldwide. During the present study, isolates associated with leaf spots were obtained from the hosts Quercus aliena and Viburnum odoratissimum, and identified based on morphological features and phylogenetic inference from the analyses of five loci (ITS, LSU, tef1, act and gapdh). Results supported the introduction of two novel species, namely Phyllosticta anhuiensis and P. guangdongensis. Phylogenetically, P. anhuiensis and P. guangdongensis formed two well-separated lineages in the P. concentrica and P. capitalensis species complexes, distinguishing from all presently accepted species in this genus by DNA sequence data. Morphologically, P. anhuiensis and P. guangdongensis have the typical structure of the genus Phyllosticta, and differed from their closely related species by the length of the conidial appendage.

Phyllachora species are biotrophic, obligate plant parasitic fungi featuring a high degree of host specificity, a high degree of species richness, and worldwide distribution. In this study, two Phyllachora species were collected from different hosts in Yunnan province, China. Based on morphological characteristics and multigene (LSU, ITS, SSU) phylogenetic analyses, they are introduced as two new taxa. Photographs, detailed descriptions, and notes are provided.

Five ascomycetous strains were isolated from dead branches and leaves of Salix (Salicaceae) and Osmanthus fragrans (Oleaceae), respectively. BLAST searches with ITS sequences in GenBank suggested a high degree of similarity to Botryosphaeria dothidea. To accurately identify these strains, we further analysed their morphological characteristics of asci, ascospores, all conidiophore cells and conidia. Phylogenetic relationships, based on ITS, rpb2, tef1 and tub2 gene sequences, confirmed our strains represented two novel species, which are introduced here as B. salicicola and B. osmanthusespp. nov.

During an investigation of fungal pathogens associated with Citrus sinensis in Zigui county of Yichang city, China, a new species, Fusarium citri-sinensis sp. nov. was isolated from fruit of C. sinensis. The species is described using morphology and molecular multi-locus analyses based on a combined data of internal transcribed spacer region of the rDNA (ITS), translation-elongation factor 1 alpha (EF-1α), and RNA polymerase second largest subunit (RPB2) genes. It is one of the species in Fusarium lateritium species complex (FLSC).

Colletotrichum menezesiae A. Reis, W.A.S. Vieira & M.P.S. Câmara, sp. nov. (Fig. 2) MycoBank: MB848223 Systematic position:—Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Sordariomycetes, Hypocreomycetidae, Glomerellales, Glomerellaceae. Type:— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Ibirité, from anthracnose lesions on Sicyos edulis fruit, Feb 2022, A. Reis. Holotype VIC49404. Ex-type living culture COAD3523. Etymology:—Named in honour of Maria Menezes, retired mycologist from Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), for her contribution to Brazilian mycology and phytopathology. Colonies on PDA apricot coloured from the aerial view, reverse orange, aerial mycelium sparse, growth rate at 25 °C 5.7–6.3 mm.dia(average 5.9 ± 0.3 mm. dia-1). Conidiogenous cells hyaline, smooth-walled, cylindrical to ampulliform, often extending to form a new conidiogenous locus (percurrent proliferation). Conidiophores hyaline, smooth-walled, septate, unbranched, 8.4–23.7× 2.4–3.2 μm (av. 14.7 ± 4.4 × 2.9 ± 0.3 μm) on PDA, 12.4–19.7× 3–3.2 μm (av. 16.3 ± 3.2 × 3.23 ± 0.1 μm) on Sicyos edulis. Conidia one-celled, hyaline, smooth-walled, cylindrical with rounded ends, contents appearing granular. Conidia on PDA 9.6–13.8 × 3.4–4.4 μm (av. 10.7 ± 1.1 × 3.8 ± 0.3 μm). Conidia on Sicyos edulis 8.2–13.3 × 2.9–3.8 μm (av. 11.1 ± 1.6 × 3.4 ± 0.2 μm). Appressoria in slide cultures, single, medium to dark brown, smooth-walled, irregular shape, solitary, 6.2–8.9 × 4.2–8 μm (av. 7.2 ± 0.8 × 5.7 ± 0.9 μm). Setae produced only on Sicyos edulis, abundant, long, dark brown, smooth-walled, two septate, sometimes with constriction in the apical septum, base truncate, tip acute, 40–65 × 2.9–4 μm (av. 51.5 ± 7.5 × 3.3 ± 0.3 μm). Sclerotia, chlamydospores, and sexual morph not observed. -1 Geographic distribution and host range:— Known from Sicyos edulis from Ibirité (Minas Gerais state) and Tijucas (Santa Catarina state, isolate CMM3469), Brazil., Published as part of Vieira, Willie Anderson Dos Santos, Costa, Christiane Almeida Da, Câmara, Marcos Paz Saraiva, Michereff, Sami Jorge & Reis, Ailton, 2023, Colletotrichum menezesiae sp. nov.: a novel species causing anthracnose on chayote in Brazil, pp. 80-86 in Phytotaxa 597 (1) on page 84, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.597.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/7918839

Microfungi associated with palm are a significant fungal group with a unique ecological niche and a broad distribution in tropical regions. Even though many fungal species have been reported from palm hosts, studies on fungi from Arenga tremula are considerably few. In this study, we isolated a saprobic Botryosphaeriaceae species on A. tremula, collected from Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China. Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), small subunit nuclear rRNA gene (SSU),part of the large subunit nuclear rRNA gene (LSU) and translation elongation factor 1−alpha gene (tef 1-α). Based on phylogenetic results and morphology we introduced Neodeightonia arengae sp. nov., with species description and illustrations. In addition, we provide a comparison of morphological characters of currently accepted Neodeightonia species. This is the first report of a Neodeightonia species associated with Arenga tremula and so represents an additional contribution to the knowledge of fungi associated with palm trees.

Phyllachora yuanjiangensis H.X. Wu & J.C. Li. sp. nov. Fig. 3 MycoBank: 845540 Etymology— Epithet derived from the type locality. Holotype — IFRD9466 Parasitic on leaves and stems of Arundinella setosa (Poaceae). Sexual morph: Stromata 360–750 × 105–195 μm (x = 570 × 147.5 μm, n = 10), fusiform or cymbiform, domed above the leaf surface, amphigenous, scattered, sometimes gregarious, like black nevus, black and carbonaceous. Section of stroma 190–340 μm high, multilocular, peridium, composed of brown to dark brown cells of textura angularis. Paraphyses 2–3 μm wide, numerous, persistent, filiform, unbranched, aseptate, many guttules, slightly longer than asci. Asci 71–112 × 11–22 μm (x = 84.6 × 13.2 μm, n = 20), thin-walled, 8-spored, persistent, cylindrical to clavate, apex obtuse, with pedicel. Ascospores 15–21 × 7–9 μm (x = 17.9 × 8.3 μm, n = 20), 1-seriate, tear-shaped, rounded at the apex, tapered at the base, hyaline, aseptate, verrucous, with guttules and a mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Not observed. Material examined— CHINA. Yunnan Province: Yuanjiang County, on stems and leaves of Arundinella setosa, 101.47°E, 23.27°N, 1532.65 m, 27 November 2021, H. X. Wu & J. C. Li. IFRD9466, holotype. GenBank accession numbers: LSU: OP359417; ITS: OP359399; SSU: OP359400 Note: In the phylogenetic tree (Fig. 1), P. yuanjiangensis is closely related to P. arundinellae and P. xinpingensis. P. yuanjiangensis and P. arundinellae both occur on Arundinella sp. Morphologically, the asci and ascospores of P. yuanjiangensis are longer and wider than those of P. arundinellae (asci 71–112 × 11–22 μm vs 70–100 × 7–10 μm, ascospores 15–21 × 7–9 μm vs 10–18 × 5–8.5 μm). The ascospores of P. yuanjiangensis are tear-shaped, rounded at the apex, tapered at the base, while P. arundinellae is narrowly oval to ovoid. Differences in morphological characteristics and their hosts are also supported by the phylogenetic tree. Four Phyllachora species have been recorded on Arundinella spp., namely P. arundinellae, P. graminicola, P. graminis, and P. shiraiana. P. yuanjiangensis can be distinguished from these species by the shape of its ascospores. The closest hits using LSU and ITS sequences had the highest similarity to P. arundinellae isolate MHYAU:108 (GenBank LSU: MG269815, identities = 809/899 (90%); ITS: MG269761, identities = 440/534 (82%)) and P. graminis MM-166 (GenBank ITS: KX451869, identities = 317/556 (57%)). P. yuanjiangensis had the highest similarity to P. xinpingensis IFRD 9465 (GenBank LSU: OP359416, identities = 885/899 (98%); ITS: OP359399, identities = 496/519 (96%)) but these two species can be distinguished by the host plants and asci length. A synopsis of P. yuanjiangensis and other Phyllachora species recorded from Arundinella spp. is provided (Table 2).

Key to species of Phyllachora recorded in China (2009–2022) 1. Parasitic on eudicots...................................................................................................................................................... P. hainanensis 1. Parasitic on monocots.........................................................................................................................................................................2 2. Parasitic on bamboo plants.................................................................................................................................................................3 2. Parasitic on graminicolous plants.......................................................................................................................................................4 3. Parasitic on Phyllostachys sp........................................................................................................................................ P. heteroclada 3. Parasitic on Dendrocalamus sp.........................................................................................................................................................5 4. Stromata on the upper leaf surface................................................................................................................................ P. isachnicola 4. Stromata on both sides of the leaf......................................................................................................................................................6 5. Parasitic on Dendrocalamus membranaceus....................................................................................... P. dendrocalami-membranacei 5. Parasitic on Dendrocalamus hamiltonii............................................................................................ P. dendrocalami-hamiltoniicola 6. Stromata surrounded by a pale yellow halo................................................................................................................ P. jianfengensis 6. Stromata not surrounded by a pale yellow halo.................................................................................................................................7 7. Stromata shiny black..........................................................................................................................................................................8 7. Stromata black....................................................................................................................................................................................9 8. Ascospores with a central concave depression................................................................................................................ P. panicicola 8. Ascospores with no central concave depression..............................................................................................................................10 9. Parasitic on Cenchrus sp.................................................................................................................................................................11 9. Parasitic on other graminicolous plants............................................................................................................................................12 10. Parasitic on Sphaerocaryum sp................................................................................................................................... P. sphaerocaryi 10. Parasitic on Chloris sp........................................................................................................................................................ P. virgatae 11. Asci P. flaccidudis 11. Asci> 100 µm, ascospores> 12 µm............................................................................................................................... P. sandiensis 12. Ascospores oval to ellipse.................................................................................................................................................... P. jiaensis 12. Ascospores tear-shaped....................................................................................................................................................................13 13. Parasitic on Chrysopogon aciculatus........................................................................................................................... P. xinpingensis 13. Parasitic on Arundinella setosa................................................................................................................................ P. yuanjiangensis, Published as part of Li, Jin-Chen, Wu, Hai-Xia & Song, Jia-Yu, 2023, Two new Phyllachora species in Southwest China, pp. 275-285 in Phytotaxa 578 (3) on page 283, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.578.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/7523156

Neodeightonia septata N. Wu, A.J. Dissanayake & Jian K. Liu sp. nov. Fig. 2 MycoBank number: MB 844409, Facesoffungi number: FoF010671. Etymology: —The specific epithet “septata” refers to the septum observed in mature conidia. Holotype: — MFLU 22-0003. Saprobic on a dead culm of palm, as raised black spots on the host surface. Sexual morph: not observed. Asexual morph: Conidiomata 80–135 μm diam., 50–105 μm high (n = 20), superficial or semi-immersed in the substrate, unilocular to multilocular, solitary or aggregated, cylindrical or subglobose, dark brown to black. Peridium up to 10–21 μm wide, composed of dark brown, thick-walled, textura angularis cells, becoming thin-walled and hyaline towards the inner region. Ostiole 25–30 μm diam., cylindrical, straight or curved, centrally or laterally located. Paraphyses absent. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells 4–8 μm long, 3–5 μm wide (n = 20), cylindrical, hyaline, straight to curved, smooth-walled. Conidia (13.5–)15–19(–21) × (6–)8–9(–12) μm (x = 17 × 9 μm, n = 50), ellipsoidal to obovoid, rounded at the apex, frequently constricted in the middle, initially hyaline, aseptate, guttulate, without mucilaginous sheath, becoming pale to dark brown when mature, granulate, forming a septum. Culture characteristics: —Conidia germinating on PDA within 12 h. Colonies reaching 90 mm diam. after 4–5 days at 20–23 °C, circular, white during the first few days, sparse, aerial, surface smooth with crenate edge, filamentous, after 2 weeks becoming dark brown to black. Material examined: — THAILAND. Chiang Rai: Thoeng, Tambon Nang Lae, Rai Ruen Rom Organic Farm, 19°39’30.2’’N, 100°09’26.4’’E, on a dead palm culm, 11 June 2019, Na Wu, YW 86 (MFLU 22-0003, holotype), extype living culture MFLUCC 22-0004; ibid., (GZAAS 22-0068, isotype), living culture GZCC 22-0067. Notes: —The phylogenetic result showed that the two isolates of Neodeightonia septata clustered together and formed a distinct lineage with absolute bootstrap support. It is phylogenetically close to N. rattanica and N. rattanicola but is represented as a distinct species. In addition, N. septata is morphologically distinguished from the abovementioned species by having 1-septate conidia, while no septum was observed in N. rattanica nor in N. rattanicola (Table 2)., Published as part of Wu, Na, Dissanayake, Asha J., Chethana, K. W. Thilini & Liu, Jian-Kui, 2022, Neodeightonia septata sp. nov. and N. subglobosa (Botryosphaeriaceae) from northern Thailand, pp. 129-139 in Phytotaxa 575 (2) on pages 133-135, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.575.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7413182, {"references":["Xiong, Y. R., Manawasinghe, I. S., Liao, C. F., Hyde, K. D. & Dong, Z. Y. (2021) Neodeightonia arengae sp. nov., Botryosphaeriaceous taxa on Arenga tremula (Arecaceae) from Guangdong, China. Phytotaxa 530 (2): 130 - 140. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 530.2.1","Adamcik, S., Cai, L., Chakraborty, D., Chen, X. H., Cotter, H. V. T., Dai, D. Q., Dai, Y. C., Das, K., Deng, C., Ghobad-Nejhad, M., Hyde, K. D., Langer, E., Latha, K. P. D., Liu, F., Liu, S. L., Liu, T. T., LV, W., LV, S. X., Machado, A. R., Pinho, D. B., Pereira, O. L., Prasher, I. B., Rosado, A. W. C., Qin, J., Qin, W. M., Verma, R. K., Wang, Q., Yang, Z. L., Yu, X. D., Zhou, L. W. & Buyck, B. (2015) Fungal biodiversity profiles 1 - 10. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 36: 121 - 166. https: // doi. org / 10.7872 / crym / v 36. iss 2.2015.121","Dai, D. Q., Phookamsak, R., Wijayawardene, N. N., Li, W. J., Bhat, D. J., Xu, J. C., Taylor, J. E., Hyde, K. D. & Chukeatirote, E. (2017) Bambusicolous fungi. Fungal Diversity 82: 1 - 105.","Zhang, Y., Zhou, Y. P., Sun, W., Zhao, L. L., Pavlic-Zupanc, D., Crous, P. W., Slippers, B. & Dai, Y. C. (2021) Toward a natural classification of Botryosphaeriaceae: a study of the type specimens of Botryosphaeria sensu lato. Frontiers in Microbiology 12: 737541. https: // doi. org / 10.3389 / fmicb. 2021.737541","Liu, J. k., Chomnunti, P., Cai, L., Phookamsak, R., Chukeatirote, E., Jones, E. B. G., Moslem, M. & Hyde, K. D. (2010) Phylogeny and morphology of Neodeightonia palmicola sp. nov. from palms. Sydowia 62: 261 - 276.","Phillips, A. J. L., Alves, A., Pennycook, S. R., Johnston, P. R., Ramaley, A., Akulov, A. & Crous, P. W. (2008) Resolving the phylogenetic and taxonomic status of dark-spored teleomorph genera in the Botryosphaeriaceae. Persoonia 21: 29 - 55.","Phillips, A. J. L., Alves, A., Abdollahzadeh, J., Slippers, B., Wingfield, M. J., Groenewald, J. Z. & Crous, P. W. (2013) The Botryosphaeriaceae: genera and species known from culture. Studies in Mycology 76: 51 - 167. https: // doi. org / 10.3114 / sim 0021","Jayasiri, S. C., Hyde, K. D., Jones, E. B. G., McKenzie, E. H. C., Jeewon, R., Phillips, A. J. L., Bhat, D. J., Wanasinghe, D. N., Liu, J. K., Lu, Y. Z., Kang, J. C., Xu, J. & Karunarathna, S. C. (2019) Diversity, morphology and molecular phylogeny of Dothideomycetes on decaying wild seed pods and fruits. Mycosphere 10: 1 - 186. https: // doi. org / 10.5943 / mycosphere / 10 / 1 / 1","Konta, S., Hongsanan, S., Phillips, A. J. L., Jones, E. B. G., Boonmee, S. & Hyde, K. D. (2016 a) Botryosphaeriaceae from palms in Thailand II-two new species of Neodeightonia, N. rattanica and N. rattanicola from Calamus (rattan palm). Mycosphere 7: 950 - 961. https: // doi. org / 10.5943 / mycosphere / si / 1 b / 6"]}

Neodeightonia species are mostly known from bamboo and palms. During an investigation of Botryosphaeriaceae species in northern Thailand, three Neodeightonia isolates were obtained. Morphological characteristics coupled with phylogenetic analyses based on the combined ITS, LSU, SSU and tef sequence data indicated that these taxa can be recognized as Neodeightonia septata sp. nov. (from palms) and Neodeightonia subglobosa (from bamboo). Neodeightonia septata is phylogenetically close to N. rattanica and N. rattanicola but formed a distinct lineage and differs morphologically from the latter in having 1-septate conidia. In addition, the asexual morph of N. subglobosa is reported for the first time from a natural substrate. Detailed descriptions, illustrations and phylogenetic trees are provided.

Neodeightonia subglobosa C. Booth, in Punithalingam, Mycol. Pap. 119: 19 (1970) [1969] (Fig. 3) MycoBank number: MB318601, Facesoffungi number: FoF01966. Saprobic on a dead culm of bamboo, forming conspicuous, black spots on the host surface. Sexual morph: not observed. Asexual morph: Conidiomata 95–185 μm diam., 60–170 μm high (n = 20), semi-immersed or immersed in the substrate, uni-locular to multilocular, solitary or aggregated, globose or subglobose to obpyriform, dark brown to black. Peridium up to 10–38 μm wide, consisting of brown, small cells of textura angularis, becoming thin-walled and hyaline towards the inner region. Ostiole 17–20 μm diam., centrally located, occasionally observed. Paraphyses absent. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells 6–20 μm long, 3–5 μm wide (n = 20), subcylindrical, hyaline. Conidia (10–)11–12(–13) × (6–)8–9(–12) μm (x = 12 × 9 μm, n = 50), subglobose to oval, rounded at the apex, initially hyaline, aseptate, granulate, without longitudinal striations or mucilaginous sheath, becoming brown when mature. Culture characteristics: —Conidia germinating on PDA within 12 h. Colonies reaching 90 mm diam. after 4–5 days at 20–23 °C, circular, white during the first few days, sparse, aerial, smooth surface with crenate edge, filamentous, after 2 weeks becoming black. Material examined: — THAILAND. Chiang Rai: Amphoe Mueang, Tambon Nang Lae, Mae Fah Luang University garden, 20°02’22.7’’N, 99°53’38.1’’E, on a dead bamboo culm, 17 July 2019, Na Wu, YW 101 (MFLU 22-0004), living culture MFLUCC 22-0005. Notes: — Neodeightonia subglobosa, the type species of the genus Neodeightonia, was originally collected from Bambusa arundinacea in Africa (Punithalingam 1969). Liu et al. (2012) and Dai et al. (2017) found the sexual morph of N. subglobosa from Bambusa sp. in Thailand. The phylogenetic result showed that our strain (MFLUCC 22-0005) clustered with the ex-type strain of N. subglobosa (CBS 448.91) with the absolute bootstrap support (100% ML, 100% MP and 100% BYPP) and we identify it as this species. This is the first time that its asexual morph was observed from a natural substrate, as previous studies reported it only from sporulation of the culture., Published as part of Wu, Na, Dissanayake, Asha J., Chethana, K. W. Thilini & Liu, Jian-Kui, 2022, Neodeightonia septata sp. nov. and N. subglobosa (Botryosphaeriaceae) from northern Thailand, pp. 129-139 in Phytotaxa 575 (2) on page 135, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.575.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7413182, {"references":["Punithalingam, E. (1969) Studies on Sphaeropsidales in culture. Mycological Papers 119: 1 - 24.","Liu, J. K., Phookamsak, R., Doilom, M., Wikee, S., Li, Y. M., Ariyawansha, H. A., Boonmee, S., Chomnunti, P., Dai, D. Q., Bhat, D. J., Romero, A. I., Zhuang, W. Y., Monkai, J., Jones, E. B. G., Chukeatirote, E., Ko Ko, T. W., Zhao, Y. C., Wang, Y. & Hyde, K. D. (2012) Towards a natural classification of Botryosphaeriales. Fungal Diversity 57: 149 - 210. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13225 - 012 - 0207 - 4","Dai, D. Q., Phookamsak, R., Wijayawardene, N. N., Li, W. J., Bhat, D. J., Xu, J. C., Taylor, J. E., Hyde, K. D. & Chukeatirote, E. (2017) Bambusicolous fungi. Fungal Diversity 82: 1 - 105."]}

Rathnayaka, Achala R., Chethana, K.W. Thilini, Phillips, Alan J.L., Jones, E.B. Gareth (2022): Two new species of Botryosphaeriaceae (Botryosphaeriales) and new host/ geographical records. Phytotaxa 564 (1): 8-38, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.564.1.2

Botryosphaeria fabicerciana (S.F. Chen, Pavlic, M.J. Wingf. & X.D. Zhou) A.J.L. Phillips & A. Alves, Stud. Mycol. 76: 77 (2013) Index Fungorum number: IF 805457; Facesoffungi number: FoF 09152, Fig. 14 Saprobic on dead branches of Prunus serrulata. Sexual morph: Ascomata 200–270 μm high, 200–255 μm diam. (x̄ = 230 × 235 μm, n = 10), dark brown to black, solitary to aggregated, semi-immersed, erumpent at maturity, uniloculate, globose to subglobose, ostiolate. Peridium 20–56 μm wide, two-layered, outer layer composed of brown to dark brown, thick-walled cells of textura angularis, inner layer composed of hyaline, thin-walled cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium composed of 2–6 μm wide, dense, hyphae-like, branched, septate, hyaline pseudoparaphyses. Asci 105–132 × 15–26 μm (x̄ = 120 × 23 μm, n = 10), bitunicate, fissitunicate, 8-spored, clavate to cylindro-clavate, short pedicellate, apically rounded with a well-developed ocular chamber. Ascospores 18–24 × 8–12 μm (x̄ = 20 × 9 μm, n = 20), 1−2-seriate, hyaline, aseptate, ellipsoidal to fusiform, usually wider in the centre, thick and rough-walled, guttulate. Asexual morph: see Rathnayaka et al. (2021) for description. Culture characteristics:—Ascospores germinating on PDA within 6 hours and germ tubes produced from one side or both sides of the ascospore. Colonies on PDA reaching 5–7 cm diam. after 4 days at 25 °C, circular, flattened, fluffy, fairly dense, aerial, white at first, becoming grey to grey-black in the front view and black in reverse. Material examined: — TAIWAN. Alishan Mountain, Chiayi: on a dead twig of Prunus serrulata (Rosaceae), 16 August 2019, Achala Rathnayaka (MFLU 22-0097, new host record), living culture NCYUCC 19-0405. Known hosts and distribution:— Avicennia marina in South Africa (Osorio et al. 2017), Camellia sinensis in Taiwan (Rathnayaka et al. 2021), Carya cathayensis in China (Wang et al. 2014), Caryota sp. and Entada sp. in Thailand (Liu et al. 2012), Eucalyptus sp. in China (Chen et al. 2011), Mangifera indica in Brazil (Marques et al. 2013, Nogueira et al. 2016), South Africa (Mehl et al. 2017), Taiwan (Burgess et al. 2019) and USA (Zhang et al. 2021), Morus nigra in Brazil (Silva et al. 2021), Syzygium cordatum in South Africa (Zhang et al. 2021), Prunus serrulata in Taiwan (this study). Notes:—Our strain (NCYUCC19-0405) clustered with the ex-type and other strains of Botryosphaeria fabicerciana (CMW27094, CMW 27108, MFLU 20-0526 and MFLUCC 10-0098) with high support (82% ML/ 0.99 PP) based on the multi-gene phylogenic analyses (ITS, tef 1-α and β-tub) (Fig. 4). Morphologically, our strain is similar to the B. fabicerciana holotype (CMW27094) collected from twigs of an unknown Eucalyptus sp. in China (Chen et al. 2011), in having dark brown to black, erumpent ascomata, and hyaline, aseptate, ellipsoidal to fusiform ascospores (Liu et al. 2012). However, the holotype has aseptate pseudoparaphyses, while our strain has septate pseudoparaphyses (Liu et al. 2012). Based on morpho-molecular data analysis, we conclude that our new collection is a new host record of B. fabicerciana on Prunus serrulata in Taiwan., Published as part of Rathnayaka, Achala R., Chethana, K. W. Thilini, Phillips, Alan J. L. & Jones, E. B. Gareth, 2022, Two new species of Botryosphaeriaceae (Botryosphaeriales) and new host / geographical records, pp. 8-38 in Phytotaxa 564 (1) on pages 31-33, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.564.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7077775, {"references":["Rathnayaka, A. R., Chethana, K. W. T., Phillips, A. J., Liu, J. K. & Hyde, K. D. (2021) First report of Botryosphaeriaceae species on Camellia sinensis from Taiwan with a global checklist of Botryosphaeriaceae species on this host. Chiang Mai Journal of Sciences 48 (5): 1199 - 1223.","Osorio, J. A., Crous, C. J., De Beer, Z. W., Wingfield, M. J. & Roux, J. (2017) Endophytic Botryosphaeriaceae, including five new species, associated with mangrove trees in South Africa. Fungal Biology 121 (4): 361 - 393. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. funbio. 2016.09.004","Wang, X., Ma, L., Meng, X. & Zhang, X. (2014) Identification of the pathogens causing stem canker on Corya cathayensis. Journal of Zhejiang A & F University 31 (2): 238 - 245.","Liu, J. K., Phookamsak, R., Doilom, M., Wikee, S., Li, Y. M., Ariyawansha, H. A., Boonmee, S., Chomnunti, P., Dai, D. Q., Bhat, D. J., Romero, A. I., Zhuang, W. Y., Monkai, J., Jones, E. B. G., Chukeatirote, E., Ko, T. W. K., Zhao, Y. C., Wang, Y. & Hyde, K. D. (2012) Towards a natural classification of Botryosphaeriales. Fungal Diversity 57: 149 - 210. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13225 - 012 - 0207 - 4","Chen, S. F., Pavlic, D., Roux, J., Slippers, B., Xie, Y. J., Wingfield, M. J. & Zhoua, X. D. (2011) Characterization of Botryosphaeriaceae from plantation-grown Eucalyptus species in South China. Plant Pathology 60: 739 - 751.","Marques, M. W., Lima, N. B., de Morais, M. A. Jr., Michereff, S. J., Phillips, A. J. L. & Camara, M. P. S. (2013) Botryosphaeria, Neofusicoccum, Neoscytalidium and Pseudofusicoccum species associated with mango in Brazil. Fungal Diversity 61: 195 - 208. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13225 - 013 - 0258 - 1","Nogueira Jr, A. F., Fischer, I. H., Braganca, C. A. D., Massola Jr., N. S. & Amorim, L. (2016) Identification of Botryosphaeriaceae species that cause stylar-end rot of guavas and characterization of the disease monocycle. European Journal of Plant Pathology 144 (2): 271 - 287. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10658 - 015 - 0765 - x","Mehl, J. W., Slippers, B., Roux, J. & Wingfield, M. J. (2017) Overlap of latent pathogens in the Botryosphaeriaceae on a native and agricultural host. Fungal Biology 121 (4): 405 - 419. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. funbio. 2016.07.015","Burgess, T. I., Tan, Y. P., Garnas, J., Edwards, J., Scarlett, K. A., Shuttleworth, L. A., Daniel, R., Dann, E. K., Parkinson, L. E., Dinh, Q. & Shivas, R. G. (2019) Current status of the Botryosphaeriaceae in Australia. Australasian Plant Pathology 48 (1): 35 - 44. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13313 - 018 - 0577 - 5","Zhang, W., Groenewald, J. Z., Lombard, L., Schumacher, R. K., Phillips, A. J. L. & Crous, P. W. (2021) Evaluating species in Botryosphaeriales. Persoonia 46: 63 - 115. https: // doi. org / 10.3767 / persoonia. 2021.46.03","Silva, A. A. D., Polonio, J. C., Bulla, A. M., Polli, A. D., Castro, J. C., Soares, L. C., Oliveira-Junior, V. A. D., Vicentini, V. E. P., Oliveira, A. J. B. D., Goncalves, J. E., Goncalves, R. A. C., Azevedo, J. L., de Abreu-Filho, B. A. & Pamphile, J. A. (2021) Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of secondary metabolites from endophytic fungus Botryosphaeria fabicerciana (MGN 23 - 3) associated to Morus nigra L. Natural Product Research 6: 1 - 5. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14786419.2021.1947272"]}

Neodeightonia arengae Y.R. Xiong, Manawas., K.D. Hyde & Z.Y. Dong, in Xiong et al., Phytotaxa: (2) (2022) Index Fungorum number: IF558659; Facesoffungi number: FoF10227, Fig. 12 Synonym: Neodeightonia pinangae Tennakoon, C.H. Kuo & K.D. Hyde, in Phukhamsakda et al., Fungal Diversity: (6) (2022) Saprobic on dead branch of Arenga tremula. Sexual morph: Ascomata 190–220 μm high × 175–280 μm diam. (x̄ = 205 × 230 μm, n = 5), solitary, scattered, semi-immersed, uniloculate, subglobose, ostiolate. Ostiole circular, central, papillate. Peridium 16–36 μm wide, composed of several layers of dark brown to hyaline cells of textura angularis to textura prismatica. Hamathecium 1–3 μm wide, dense, hyphae-like, septate, often constricted at the septa, hyaline, composed of pseudoparaphyses. Asci 45–110 × 18–30 μm (x̄ = 70 × 23 μm, n = 10), bitunicate, fissitunicate, 8-spored, clavate to cylindro-clavate, short pedicellate, apically rounded with a well-developed ocular chamber. Ascospores 20–25 × 8–11 μm (x̄ = 22 × 10 μm, n = 30), irregularly biseriate, ellipsoidal-fusiform or fusiform, hyaline, widest in the middle, both ends obtuse, aseptate, guttulate with bipolar germ pores, surrounded by 2–5.4 μm wide wing-like appendage. Asexual morph: see Xiong et al. (2022) for description. Culture characteristics:—Ascospores germinating on PDA within 6 hours and germ tube produced from one side of the ascospore. Colonies on PDA reaching 5–7 cm diam. after 3 days at 25 °C, circular, flattened, fluffy, dense, aerial, grey in upper side and black in lower side. Material examined: — TAIWAN. Fenghuang Mountain, on dead branch of Arenga tremula (Arecaceae), 17 September 2019, Achala Rathnayaka, (MFLU 22-0098, new host record), living culture NCYUCC 19-0419. Known hosts and distribution:— Arenga tremula in China (Xiong et al. 2022), Pinanga tashiroi in Taiwan (Phukhamsakda et al. 2022), Arenga tremula in Taiwan (this study). Notes:—Based on multi-gene phylogenetic analyses (ITS, LSU, SSU and tef 1-α), our strain (NCYUCC 19-0419) clustered with the ex-type strain (ZHKUCC 21-0074) and other authentic strains (ZHKUCC 21-0075, NCYUCC 19- 0144 and MFLUCC 19-0077) with high 91% ML bootstrap and 0.94 PP support (Fig. 3). The holotype of N. arengae is recorded from the asexual morph (Xiong et al. 2022), while our strain is recorded from the sexual morph. Therefore, we could not compare the morphology between the holotype and our strain. According to the phylogenetic analyses in this study, N. arengae (ZHKUCC 21-0074 and ZHKUCC 21-0075), N. pinangae (NCYUCC 19-0077 and MFLUCC 19-0144) introduced by Phukhamsakda et al. (2022) and our collection (NCYUCC 19-0419) clustered in the same clade, and no base pair differences were found in the ITS regions (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) among these strains. Therefore, we synonymize N. pinangae under N. arengae. Both ZHKUCC 21-0074 and NCYUCC 19-0077 were recorded from different hosts in different countries. Based on morpho-molecular evidence in this study, we conclude that our new collection is the first record of Arenga tremula in Taiwan., Published as part of Rathnayaka, Achala R., Chethana, K. W. Thilini, Phillips, Alan J. L. & Jones, E. B. Gareth, 2022, Two new species of Botryosphaeriaceae (Botryosphaeriales) and new host / geographical records, pp. 8-38 in Phytotaxa 564 (1) on page 28, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.564.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7077775, {"references":["Xiong, Y., Manawasinghe, I. S., Liao, C., Hyde, K. D. & Dong, Z. (2022) Neodeightonia arengae sp. nov., Botryosphaeriaceous taxa on Arenga tremula (Arecaceae) from Guangdong, China. Phytotaxa 530 (2): 130 - 140. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 530.2.1","Phukhamsakda, C., Nilsson, R. H., Bhunjun, C. S., de Farias, A. R. G., Sun, Y. R., Wijesinghe, S. N., Raza, M., Bao, D. F., Lu, L., Tibpromma, S. & Dong, W. (2022) The numbers of fungi: contributions from traditional taxonomic studies and challenges of metabarcoding. Fungal Diversity 114: 327 - 386. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13225 - 022 - 00502 - 3"]}

Botryosphaeria Ces. & De Not., Comm. Soc. crittog. Ital. 1(fasc. 4): 211 (1863) Index Fungorum number: IF 635; Facesoffungi number: FoF 00141 Botryosphaeria was introduced with B. dothidea as the type species by Cesati & De Notaris (1863). Botryosphaeria species have worldwide distribution on a wide range of hosts, including monocotyledonous, dicotyledonous, and gymnosperm hosts (Darge & Woldemariam 2021). Members of this genus include plant pathogens, endophytes and saprobes, and often cause die-back and canker diseases (Crous et al. 2006, Pavlic et al. 2007, Hattori et al. 2021). This genus is characterized by hyaline and aseptate ascospores that become pale brown and septate (Phillips et al. 2005, 2013). In the asexual morph, conidia are hyaline and aseptate and become pigmented with age. These conidia become one or two septate with age or before germination (Phillips et al. 2013). Currently, 30 species are accepted in this genus (Wu et al. 2021)., Published as part of Rathnayaka, Achala R., Chethana, K. W. Thilini, Phillips, Alan J. L. & Jones, E. B. Gareth, 2022, Two new species of Botryosphaeriaceae (Botryosphaeriales) and new host / geographical records, pp. 8-38 in Phytotaxa 564 (1) on page 31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.564.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7077775, {"references":["Cesati, V. & Notaris, G. de. (1863) Schema di classificazione degli sferiacei italici aschigeri piu' o meno appartenenti al genere Sphaeria nell'antico significato attribuitoglide Persoon. Commentario della Societa Crittogamologica Italiana 14: 177 - 240.","Darge, W. A. & Woldemariam, S. S. (2021) Botryosphaeria tree fungal pathogens and their diversity. International Journal of Phytopathology 10 (1): 49 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.33687 / phytopath. 010.01.3447","Crous, P. W., Slippers, B., Wingfield, M. J., Rheeder, J., Marasas, W. F. O., Philips, A. J. L., Alves, A., Burgess, T., Barber, P. & Groenewald, J. Z. (2006) Phylogenetic lineages in the Botryosphaeriaceae. Studies in Mycology 55 (1): 235 - 253. https: // doi. org / 10.3114 / sim. 55.1.235","Pavlic, D., Slippers, B., Coutinho, T. A. & Wingfield, M. J. (2007) Botryosphaeriaceae occurring on native Syzygium cordatum in South Africa and their potential threat to Eucalyptus. Plant Pathology 56 (4): 624 - 636. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3059.2007.01608. x","Hattori, Y., Ando, Y., Sasaki, A., Uechi, N. & Nakashima, C. (2021) Taxonomical study of noteworthy species of Botryosphaeria in Japan. Mycobiology 49 (2): 122 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 12298093.2021.1895486","Phillips, A., Alves, A., Correia, A. & Luque, J. (2005) Two new species of Botryosphaeria with brown, 1 - septate ascospores and Dothiorella anamorphs. Mycologia 97: 513 - 529. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 15572536.2006.11832826","Phillips, A. J. L., Alves, A., Abdollahzadeh, J., Slippers, B., Wingfield, M. J., Groenewald, J. Z. & Crous, P. W. (2013) The Botryosphaeriaceae: genera and species known from culture. Studies in Mycology 76 (1): 51 - 167. https: // doi. org / 10.3114 / sim 0021","Wu, N., Dissanayake, A. J., Manawasinghe, I. S., Rathnayaka, A. R., Liu, J. K., Phillips, A. J. L., Promputtha, I. & Hyde, K. D. (2021) https: // botryosphaeriales. org /, an up-to-date classification and account of taxa of Botryosphaeriales. Database 2021 (0): 1 - 9. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / baab 061"]}

Neodeightonia C. Booth, in Punithalingam, Mycol. Pap. 119: 17 (1970) [1969] Index Fungorum number: IF 3450; Facesoffungi number: FoF 07627 Neodeightonia was introduced by Booth (Punithalingam 1969), with N. subglobosa as the type species. However, Arx & Müller (1975) synonymized Neodeightonia under Botryosphaeria. Later, Phillips et al. (2008) distinguished this genus from Botryosphaeria based on morphological and phylogenetic data and accepted Neodeightonia as a separate genus in Botryosphaeriaceae. This genus is characterized by hyaline, aseptate ascospores with polar apiculi, surrounded by a mucilaginous sheath. In the asexual morph, initially hyaline conidia become brown and 1-septate at maturity with smooth to finely roughened walls or with fine striations and this is unique to the genus Neodeightonia (Phillips et al. 2008, 2013, Konta et al. 2016, Liu et al. 2012). Eleven Neodeightonia species are listed in Index Fungorum (2022)., Published as part of Rathnayaka, Achala R., Chethana, K. W. Thilini, Phillips, Alan J. L. & Jones, E. B. Gareth, 2022, Two new species of Botryosphaeriaceae (Botryosphaeriales) and new host / geographical records, pp. 8-38 in Phytotaxa 564 (1) on page 28, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.564.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7077775, {"references":["Punithalingam, E. (1969) Studies on Sphaeropsidales in culture. Mycological Papers 119: 1 - 24.","Arx, J. A. von & Muller, E. (1975) A re-evaluation of the bitunicate ascomycetes with keys to families and genera. Studies in Mycology 9: 1 - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3758851","Phillips, A. J. L., Alves, A., Pennycook, S. R., Johnston, P. R., Ramaley, A, Akulov, A. & Crous, P. W. (2008) Resolving the phylogenetic and taxonomic status of dark-spored teleomorph genera in the Botryosphaeriaceae. Persoonia 21: 29 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.3767 / 003158508 X 340742","Konta, S., Hongsanan, S., Phillips, A. J., Jones, E. B. G., Boonmee, S. & Hyde, K. D. (2016) Botryosphaeriaceae from palms in Thailand II - two new species of Neodeightonia, N. rattanica and N. rattanicola from Calamus (rattan palm). Mycosphere 7 (7): 950 - 961. https: // doi. org / 10.5943 / mycosphere / si / 1 b / 6","Liu, J. K., Phookamsak, R., Doilom, M., Wikee, S., Li, Y. M., Ariyawansha, H. A., Boonmee, S., Chomnunti, P., Dai, D. Q., Bhat, D. J., Romero, A. I., Zhuang, W. Y., Monkai, J., Jones, E. B. G., Chukeatirote, E., Ko, T. W. K., Zhao, Y. C., Wang, Y. & Hyde, K. D. (2012) Towards a natural classification of Botryosphaeriales. Fungal Diversity 57: 149 - 210. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13225 - 012 - 0207 - 4","Index Fungorum (2022) Index Fungorum. Available from: http: // www. indexfungorum. org / names / Names. asp (accessed 10 October 2021)"]}

A fungal strain designated KNU16-007, belonging to the family Botryosphaeriaceae, was isolated from soil in Daegu, Korea. Phylogenetic analyses based on the concatenated nucleotide sequences of the ITS and TEF-1α regions, showed that the isolate resides in a clade together with Diplodia species but occupies a distinct phylogenetic position. Conidial dimensions of strain KNU16-007 (22.7–29.3 μm × 8.9–10.9 μm) or its conidial length:width ratio were significantly differed from those of the closely related D. sapinea, D. intermedia, D. scrobiculata, D. seriata, D. crataegicola, D. rosacearum, and D. citricarpa clearly indicating morphological differences from these species. Detailed descriptions, illustrations, and discussions regarding the morphological and phylogenetic analyses of the closely related species are provided to support the novelty of the isolated species. The results of phylogenetic analysis and morphological observations indicate that strain KNU16-007 represents a novel species in the genus Diplodia, for which the name Diplodia parva sp. nov. is proposed.

Fusarium citri-sinensis L. Zhao & J. X. Deng, sp. nov. Fig. 2 A–H MycoBank: MB843205 Etymology: In reference to the host, Citrus sinensis. Type: China, Hubei Province, from fruit of Citrus sinensis. July, 2019, J. X. Deng (culture ex-type YZU 191316). Description: Colonies on PDA grown in the dark reaching 4.4–4.5 cm diam after 7 d at 25 °C, flat, with sparse and loose aerial mycelium, colony margin smooth, pale pink (2A); reverse pinkish-white (2B). Pigment pale pink on PDA. Conidiophores in sporodochia variable in length, verticillately branched and densely packed; Sporodochial macroconidia thin, falcate to almost straight, with parallel walls, apical cell with a distinct beak, basal cell foot-shaped, 3–6-septate, 3-septate macroconidia 27–42 × 4.5–5.5 μm (av.: 36.1 × 4.9 μm, n=50); 4-septate macroconidia 41.5–51(– 62) × 4–5.5 μm (av.: 46.7 × 4.8 μm, n=50); 5-septate macroconidia 46.5–60(–66) × 4.5–5.5 μm (av.: 53.2 × 5.1 μm, n=50); 6-septate macroconidia (53.5–)58–68 × 4.5–6(–6.5) μm (av.: 62.8 × 5.4 μm, n=50). Sporodochial microconidia oval, almost oval with a truncate base, kidney shaped, pear-shaped and straight to slightly curved, 0–2-septate, 0-septate macroconidia 9.5–17.5(–24) × 3.5–5 μm (av.: 13.9 × 4 μm, n=30); 1-septate macroconidia 15.5–25(–32.5) × 3–5 μm (av.: 19.3 × 3.9 μm, n=50); 2-septate macroconidia 17–27(–32.5) × 3–5 μm (av.: 21 × 4 μm, n=50). Chlamydospores formed spherical to oval shape, 7.5–10(–15) × 6.5–10(–12.5) μm (av.: 8.7 × 7.9 μm, n=50). Materials examined: China, Hubei Province, from rot fruit of Citrus sinensis, November 2018, J. X. Deng; living cultures YZU 181391 and YZU 181393. Note: The highest similarity with Fusarium cassiae (MFLUCC 18-0573) was found during the BLAST search of RPB2 gene sequence, a taxonomic important gene locus for Fusarium. Phylogenetic analysis of the species based on a combined dataset of ITS, EF-1α, and RPB2 gene fragments fell in an individual clade close to F. cassiae, F. stilboides and F. lateritium Clade II A in Fusarium lateritium species complex. Its colony characteristics on PDA are similar to F. cassiae, but F. cassiae only produce sexual conidia. Fusarium citri-sinensis produces macroconidia with septa up to 6 while those conidia of F. stilboides can be up to 16. Besides, chlamydospores formation was only found during the morphological observations of strain YZU 191316., Published as part of Zhao, Lin, Wei, Xin, Huang, Cheng-Xin, Yi, Ji-Ping, Deng, Jian-Xin & Cui, Meng-Jiao, 2022, Fusarium citri-sinensis sp. nov. (Ascomycota: Nectriaceae) isolated from fruit of Citrus sinensis in China, pp. 259-266 in Phytotaxa 555 (3) on pages 263-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.555.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/6911389

The fungal genus Phyllosticta has been reported from all around the world and accommodates numerous pathogenic and endophytic species isolated from a wide range of plant hosts. Based on multilocus phylogenies from a combined dataset of genes encoding internal transcribed spacer (ITS), large subunit of ribosomal RNA (LSU rDNA), translation elongation factor 1 alpha (TEF1α), actin (ACT) and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH), in conjunction with morphological characteristics, we describe two new species P. oblongifoliaesp. nov. and P. pterospermisp. nov., as well as a new Chinese record P. capitalensis. Their similarity and dissimilarity to morphologically-allied and phylogenetically-related species are also annotated and discussed.

Macrophomina phaseolina is a Catastrophic plant pathogen, which can cause serious reduction in crop production. In the current study, the mitochondrial genome of M. phaseolina is assembled and annotated. The mitogenome of M. phaseolina is a circular molecule of 101,198 bp. The overall nucleotide content is 34.95% A, 35.25% T, 13.30% C, 16.50% G, with a CG content of 29.80%. The mitogenome contains 42 genes, including 14 protein coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes and 26 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes. Phylogenetic analyses based on concatenated protein sequences from 15 taxa of five orders in Ascomycota indicated that M. phaseolina is clustered in the order Botryosphaeriales. This study would have a positive impact on the molecular biology research and biological control of Macrophomina fungi in the future.

Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid., Annali Sper. agr., N.S. 1 (3): 457 (1947) Index Fungorum registration number: 300023 Colonies on PDA covered the entire 9 cm plate in 2 weeks at 28���30 0 C, dark grey to black with aging, reverse black, irregular, margin filiform, appearance flat, velvety. Abundant mycelia with sclerotia imbedded (Figure 1j, k.). Conidiophores 10���15 ��m (x��=12.4) in length and 5���12 ��m (x��=7) in width, subhyaline, septate, branching at an almost right angle to the parent hyphae. Sclerotia by aggregation of hyphae, 50���150 ��m (x��=122) spherical or oblong (Figure 1l.). Notes: The Macrophomina isolate (MZ277271) in this study was 99.62% similar to Macrophomina phaseolina closest match of accession number KT862032 (identity: 535/539, gaps: 3/539)., Published as part of Ganeshalingam, Archchana & Daranagama, Dinushani A., 2022, First comprehensive study on distribution frequency and incidence of seed-borne pathogens from cereal and legume crops in Sri Lanka, pp. 267-281 in Phytotaxa 531 (3) on page 276, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/5886364