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7. Strategies Following Free Flap Failure in Lower Extremity Trauma: A Systematic Review.

Author

Koster, I.T.S., Borgdorff, M.P., Jamaludin, F.S., Jong, T. de, Botman, M., Driessen, C., Koster, I.T.S., Borgdorff, M.P., Jamaludin, F.S., Jong, T. de, Botman, M., and Driessen, C.

Abstract

01 juni 2023, Item does not contain fulltext, BACKGROUND: Free flap reconstructions are an important reconstructive option for soft tissue defects in mangled lower extremities. Microsurgery facilitates soft tissue coverage of defects that otherwise would result in amputation. However, the success rates of traumatic lower extremity free flap reconstructions remain lower than those in other locations. Nevertheless, post-free flap failure salvage strategies have rarely been addressed. Therefore, the current review aims to provide an overview of post-free flap failure strategies in lower extremity trauma and their subsequent outcomes. METHODS: A search of Pubmed, Cochrane, and Embase databases was performed on June 9, June 2021 using the following medical subject headings (MeSH) search terms: 'lower extremity', 'leg injuries', 'reconstructive surgical procedures', 'reoperation', 'microsurgery' and 'treatment failure'. This review was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Partial and total free flap failures after traumatic reconstruction were included. RESULTS: Twenty-eight studies with a total of 102 free flap failures fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Following the total failure, a second free flap is the predominant reconstructive strategy (69%). In comparison to the failure rate of a first free flap (10%), the fate of a second free flap is less favorable with a failure rate of 17%. The amputation rate following flap failure is 12%. The risk of amputation increases between primary and secondary free flap failures. After partial flap loss, the preferred strategy is a split skin graft (50%). CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review on the outcome of salvage strategies after free flap failure in traumatic lower extremity reconstruction. This review provides valuable evidence to take into consideration in the decision-making regarding post-free flap failure strategies.

Published
2023

9. The development of burn scar contractures and impact on joint function, disability and quality of life in low- and middle-income countries: A prospective cohort study with one-year follow-up

Author

Hendriks, T.C.C., primary, Botman, M., additional, Binnerts, J.J., additional, Mtui, G.S., additional, Nuwass, E.Q., additional, Niemeijer, A.S., additional, Mullender, M.G., additional, Winters, H.A.H., additional, Nieuwenhuis, M.K., additional, and van Zuijlen, P.P.M., additional

Published
2022
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10. International lower limb collaborative (INTELLECT) study: a multicentre, international retrospective audit of lower extremity open fractures

Author

Berner, Juan Enrique, Chan, James K K, Gardiner, Matthew D, Navia, Alfonso, Tejos, Rodrigo, Ortiz-Llorens, Manuel, Ortega-Briones, Alina, Rakhorst, Hinne A, Nanchahal, Jagdeep, Jain, Abhilash, Nolan, G, Samarendra, H, Mohan, A, Cooper, K, Pereira, N, Mangelsdorff, G, Venegas, J, Layseca, A, Skillman, J, Kennedy, A, Qureshi, A, Wallis, K, Harry, L, Hagiga, A, Ibrahim, S, Albendary, M, A Shah, K, B Chuo, C, Katsura, C, R Rodríguez Astudillo, J, A López Ortega, P Henríquez Rissios, J, M Nova Nova, Hughes, J, Wearn, C, Peberdy, D, B, Ho, Gohil, K, Abood, A, Rabey, N, Nizamoglu, M, Biosse-Duplan, G, K, To, R Sabapathy, S, Mohan, M, Venkatramani, H, Rajasekaran, S, Hsu, H, R Ambriz Plascencia, A, E Escalona Ramírez, L, A Zepeda Torres, C, Santamaria, E, S Vallejo Toro, West, C, Bhat, W, Mcardle, C, Louette, S, Hassan, S, W van Egmond, P, W J, J Bekkers, Capitani, D, Troisi, L, Talamonti, T, Capitani, P, Cerbone, V, Materazzi, G, Ballini, L, Tomas-Hernandez, J, A Porcel-Vazquez, J, Garcia-Sanchez, Y, V Andrés-Peiró, J, Teixidor-Serra, J, Selga-Marsà, J, Dafydd, H, Ali, S, Slade, R, Tarassoli, S, B Olías López, J Boluda Mengod, D González Martín, Bashir, A, Dearden, A, Itte, V, Smith, F, C Lee, W, V A, A Paulus, Romijn, P, N Tromp, T, T de Jong, Koide, S, Lim, K, Raiola, F, Ferris, S, Rodríguez, A, L Jonsson, E, Holm, S, Wolff, O, Abugarja, A, Elbahari, H, H K, S Hamid, Awadelkarim, M, J Erdocia Pascual, L Bahillo O'Mahoney, A Quiroga Bilbao, M, M Felipe Peña, Eardley, W, Egglestone, A, Taher, S, Wei, N, J Martínez Ros, G Valero Cifuentes, A Ondoño Navarro, A Escudero Martínez, A Ortega Columbrans, Zamora, P, Masiá, J, Ibarra, A, Fernández, M, Giblin, V, Kilshaw, A, Wood, B, Wyman, M, E Tinhofer, I, Seidl, E, J Tzou, C, Quadlbauer, S, Reichetseder, J, Bürger, H, Hausner, T, S van Miltenburg, Beijk, I, Verra, W, R de Groot, Kunc, V, Kopp, L, Crick, A, Mitchell, C, Curran, T, Kuo, R, S Eltoum Elamin, P Caba Doussoux, D Alonso Tejero, J Gómez Alcaraz, M Pardo García, J, Kooi, K, Poelstra, R, P Hong, J, Jang, M, W Hong, D, G Kwon, J, M Francés Monasterio, J Fernández-Palacios Martínez, A Suarez Cabañas, M Marrero Martínez-Carlón, W Ten Cate, J E, D Jacobs, Rawlins, J, Haley, J, Palma, J, Cuadra, A, Demandes, H, Canahuate, S, Moreno, D, Norton, S, Thompson, J, Lafford, G, D Noriego Muñoz, A Teixido de la Cruz, M Vázquez Gómez, Mingoli, A, Ribuffo, D, Marruzzo, G, Lapolla, P, Ayad, W, Elbatawy, A, Ouf, M, Castillón, P, García, C, Surroca, M, Garcia-Coiradas, J, Marco, F, Cherubino, M, Garutti, L, G Molina Olivella, A Endemaño Lucio, Oflazoglu, K, Lutgendorff, F, Botman, M, Giannakopoulos, G, Dams, R, P van der Zwaal, Moral-Nestares, R, Requena, F, Fernández-Poch, N, Cámara-Cabrera, J, Macán, F, Standen, M, Flaherty, F, Vizcay, M, Yerson, D, Sperone, E, Bidolegui, F, Pereyra, S, Chouhy, E, Jaureguialzo, M, Arnez, Z, Cazzato, V, A Giraldez, M, R Moreno Domínguez, B Martínez Sañudo, Lancerotto, L, Sandhu, S, Robinson, A, Digney, C, and Collaborative, INTELLECT

Subjects
body regions, Fractures, Open, Lower Extremity, General surgery, vascular surgery, education, Other Research Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 0], Humans, Surgery, Women's cancers Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 17], Leg Injuries, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

Sixty-two centres in 16 countries contributed with 2,694 open fractures cases to an international, multi-centric, retrospective cohort study involving different healthcare settings. The INTELLECT study results show that there are significant disparities on the management of open lower limb fractures internationally. A timely, multidisciplinary, guideline-directed care is a protective factor for developing infective complications, non-union and requiring an amputation.

Published
2022

11. Treatment and in-hospital outcomes of open tibial fractures in rural Tanzania

Author

Smit, F., Eleveld, A., Mtui, G., Botman, M., van Embden, D., Bloemers, F., Ritt, M., Epidemiology and Data Science, APH - Mental Health, Surgery, Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, AMS - Rehabilitation & Development, AMS - Sports, APH - Quality of Care, and AMS - Tissue Function & Regeneration

Published
2021

12. Burn scar contracture release surgery effectively improves functional range of motion, disability and quality of life: A pre/post cohort study with long-term follow-up in a Low- and Middle-Income Country

Author

Hendriks, T.C.C., primary, Botman, M., additional, de Haas, L.E.M., additional, Mtui, G.S., additional, Nuwass, E.Q., additional, Jaspers, M.E.H., additional, Niemeijer, A.S., additional, Nieuwenhuis, M.K., additional, Winters, H.A.H., additional, and van Zuijlen, P.P.M., additional

Published
2021
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14. Erratum to: Development of a Unifying Target and Consensus Indicators for Global Surgical Systems Strengthening: Proposed by the Global Alliance for Surgery, Obstetric, Trauma, and Anaesthesia Care (The G4 Alliance)

Author

Haider, A. Scott, J.W. Gause, C.D. Meheš, M. Hsiung, G. Prelvukaj, A. Yanocha, D. Baumann, L.M. Ahmed, F. Ahmed, N. Anderson, S. Angate, H. Arfaa, L. Asbun, H. Ashengo, T. Asuman, K. Ayala, R. Bickler, S. Billingsley, S. Bird, P. Botman, M. Butler, M. Buyske, J. Capozzi, A. Casey, K. Clayton, C. Cobey, J. Cotton, M. Deckelbaum, D. Derbew, M. deVries, C. Dillner, J. Downham, M. Draisin, N. Echinard, D. Elneil, S. ElSayed, A. Estelle, A. Finley, A. Frenkel, E. Frykman, P.K. Gheorghe, F. Gore-Booth, J. Henker, R. Henry, J. Henry, O. Hoemeke, L. Hoffman, D. Ibanga, I. Jackson, E.V., Jr Jani, P. Johnson, W. Jones, A. Kassem, Z. Kisembo, A. Kocan, A. Krishnaswami, S. Lane, R. Latif, A. Levy, B. Linos, D. Linz, P. Listwa, L.A. Magee, D. Makasa, E. Marin, M.L. Martin, C. McQueen, K. Morgan, J. Moser, R. Neighbor, R. Novick, W.M. Ogendo, S. Omigbodun, A. Onajin-Obembe, B. Parsan, N. Philip, B.K. Price, R. Rasheed, S. Ratel, M. Reynolds, C. Roser, S.M. Rowles, J. Samad, L. Sampson, J. Sanghvi, H. Sellers, M.L. Sigalet, D. Steffes, B.C. Stieber, E. Swaroop, M. Tarpley, J. Varghese, A. Varughese, J. Wagner, R. Warf, B. Wetzig, N. Williamson, S. Wood, J. Zeidan, A. Zirkle, L. Allen, B. Abdullah, F.

Published
2017

15. Development of a Unifying Target and Consensus Indicators for Global Surgical Systems Strengthening: Proposed by the Global Alliance for Surgery, Obstetric, Trauma, and Anaesthesia Care (The G4 Alliance)

Author

Haider, A. Scott, J.W. Gause, C.D. Meheš, M. Hsiung, G. Prelvukaj, A. Yanocha, D. Baumann, L.M. Ahmed, F. Ahmed, N. Anderson, S. Angate, H. Arfaa, L. Asbun, H. Ashengo, T. Asuman, K. Ayala, R. Bickler, S. Billingsley, S. Bird, P. Botman, M. Butler, M. Buyske, J. Capozzi, A. Casey, K. Clayton, C. Cobey, J. Cotton, M. Deckelbaum, D. Derbew, M. deVries, C. Dillner, J. Downham, M. Draisin, N. Echinard, D. Elneil, S. ElSayed, A. Estelle, A. Finley, A. Frenkel, E. Frykman, P.K. Gheorghe, F. Gore-Booth, J. Henker, R. Henry, J. Henry, O. Hoemeke, L. Hoffman, D. Ibanga, I. Jackson, E.V., Jr. Jani, P. Johnson, W. Jones, A. Kassem, Z. Kisembo, A. Kocan, A. Krishnaswami, S. Lane, R. Latif, A. Levy, B. Linos, D. Linz, P. Listwa, L.A. Magee, D. Makasa, E. Marin, M.L. Martin, C. McQueen, K. Morgan, J. Moser, R. Neighbor, R. Novick, W.M. Ogendo, S. Omigbodun, A. Onajin-Obembe, B. Parsan, N. Philip, B.K. Price, R. Rasheed, S. Ratel, M. Reynolds, C. Roser, S.M. Rowles, J. Samad, L. Sampson, J. Sanghvi, H. Sellers, M.L. Sigalet, D. Steffes, B.C. Stieber, E. Swaroop, M. Tarpley, J. Varghese, A. Varughese, J. Wagner, R. Warf, B. Wetzig, N. Williamson, S. Wood, J. Zeidan, A. Zirkle, L. Allen, B. Abdullah, F.

Abstract

After decades on the margins of primary health care, surgical and anaesthesia care is gaining increasing priority within the global development arena. The 2015 publications of the Disease Control Priorities third edition on Essential Surgery and the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery created a compelling evidenced-based argument for the fundamental role of surgery and anaesthesia within cost-effective health systems strengthening global strategy. The launch of the Global Alliance for Surgical, Obstetric, Trauma, and Anaesthesia Care in 2015 has further coordinated efforts to build priority for surgical care and anaesthesia. These combined efforts culminated in the approval of a World Health Assembly resolution recognizing the role of surgical care and anaesthesia as part of universal health coverage. Momentum gained from these milestones highlights the need to identify consensus goals, targets and indicators to guide policy implementation and track progress at the national level. Through an open consultative process that incorporated input from stakeholders from around the globe, a global target calling for safe surgical and anaesthesia care for 80% of the world by 2030 was proposed. In order to achieve this target, we also propose 15 consensus indicators that build on existing surgical systems metrics and expand the ability to prioritize surgical systems strengthening around the world. © 2017, The Author(s).

Published
2017

17. THE JET PRELIMINARY TRITIUM EXPERIMENT

Author

REBUT, P, ADAMS, J, ALPER, B, ALTMANN, H, ANDERSEN, A, ANDREW, P, ALIARSHAD, S, BAILEY, W, BALET, B, BARABASCHI, P, BARANOV, Y, BARKER, P, BARNSLEY, R, BARONIAN, M, BARTLETT, D, BELL, A, BENALI, G, BERTOLI, P, BERTOLINI, E, BHATNAGAR, V, BICKLEY, A, BOND, D, BONICELLI, T, BOOTH, S, BOSIA, G, BOTMAN, M, BOUCHER, D, BOUCQUEY, P, BRANDON, M, BREGER, P, BRELEN, H, BREWERTON, W, BRINKSCHULTE, H, BROWN, T, BRUSATI, M, BUDD, T, BURES, M, BURTON, P, BUSINARO, T, BUTCHER, P, BUTTGEREIT, H, CALDWELLNICHOLS, C, CAMPBELL, D, CAMPLING, D, CARD, P, CELENTANO, G, CHALLIS, C, CHANKIN, A, CHERUBINI, A, CHIRON, D, CHRISTIANSEN, J, CHUILON, P, CLAESEN, R, CLEMENT, S, CLIPSHAM, E, COAD, J, COFFEY, I, COLTON, A, COMISKEY, M, CONROY, S, COOKE, M, COOPER, S, CORDEY, J, CORE, W, CORRIGAN, G, CORTI, S, COSTLEY, A, COTTRELL, G, COX, M, CRAWLEY, P, DACOSTA, O, DAVIES, N, DAVIES, S, DEBLANK, H, DEESCH, H, DEKOCK, L, DEKSNIS, E, DELIYANAKUS, N, DENNEHINNOV, G, DESCHAMPS, G, DICKSON, W, DIETZ, K, DINES, A, DMITRENKO, S, DMITRIEVA, M, DOBBING, J, DOLGETTA, N, DORLING, S, DOYLE, P, DUCHS, D, DUQUENOY, H, EDWARDS, A, EHRENBERG, J, EKEDAHL, A, ELEVANT, T, ERENTS, S, ERIKSSON, L, FAJEMIROKUN, H, FALTER, H, FREILING, J, FROGER, C, FROISSARD, P, FULLARD, K, GADEBERG, M, GALETSAS, A, GALBIATI, L, GAMBIER, D, GARRIBBA, M, GAZE, P, GIANNELLA, R, GIBSON, A, GILL, R, GIRARD, A, GONDHALEKAR, A, GOODALL, D, GORMEZANO, C, GOTTARDI, N, GOWERS, C, GREEN, B, HAANGE, R, HAIGH, A, HANCOCK, C, HARBOUR, P, HAWKES, N, HAYNES, P, HEMMERICH, J, HENDER, T, HOEKZEMA, J, HORTON, L, HOW, J, HOWARTH, P, HUART, M, HUGHES, T, HUGUET, M, HURD, F, IDA, K, INGRAM, B, IRVING, M, JACQUINOT, J, JAECKEL, H, JAEGER, J, JANESCHITZ, G, JANKOWICZ, Z, JARVIS, O, JENSEN, F, JONES, E, JONES, L, JONES, T, JUNGER, J, JUNIQUE, F, KAYE, A, KEEN, B, KEILHACKER, M, KERNER, W, KIDD, N, KONIG, R, KONSTANTELLOS, A, KUPSCHUS, P, LASSER, R, LAST, J, LAUNDY, B, LAUROTARONI, L, LAWSON, K, LENNHOLM, M, LINGERTAT, J, LITUNOVSKI, R, LOARTE, A, LOBEL, R, LOMAS, P, LOUGHLIN, M, LOWRY, C, MAAS, A, MACKLIN, B, MAGGI, C, MAGYAR, G, MARCHESE, V, MARCUS, F, MART, J, MARTIN, D, MARTIN, E, MARTINSOLIS, R, MASSMANN, P, MATTHEWS, G, MCBRYAN, H, MCCRACKEN, G, MERIGUET, P, MIELE, P, MILLS, S, MILLWARD, P, MINARDI, E, MOHANTI, R, MONDINO, P, MONTVAI, A, MORGAN, P, MORSI, H, MURPHY, G, NAVE, F, NEUDATCHIN, S, NEWBERT, G, NEWMAN, M, NIELSEN, P, NOLL, P, OBERT, W, OBRIEN, D, OROURKE, J, OSTROM, R, OTTAVIANI, M, PAPASTERGIOU, S, PASINI, D, PATEL, B, PEACOCK, A, PEACOCK, N, PEARCE, R, PEARSON, D, PEPEDESILVA, R, PERINIC, G, PERRY, C, PICK, M, PLANCOULAINE, J, POFFE, J, POHLCHEN, R, PORCELLI, F, PORTE, L, PRENTICE, R, PUPPIN, S, PUTVINSKII, S, RADFORD, G, RAIMONDI, T, RAMOSDEANDRADE, M, RAPISARDA, M, REICHLE, R, RICHARDS, S, RIGHI, E, RIMINI, F, ROLFE, A, ROSS, R, ROSSI, L, RUSS, R, SACK, H, SADLER, G, SAIBENE, G, SALANAVE, J, SANAZZARO, G, SANTAGIUSTINA, A, SARTORI, R, SBORCHIA, C, SCHILD, P, SCHMID, M, SCHMIDT, G, SCHROEPF, H, SCHUNKE, B, SCOTT, S, SIBLEY, A, SIMONINI, R, SIPS, A, SMEULDERS, P, SMITH, R, STAMP, M, STANGEBY, P, START, D, STEED, C, STORK, D, STOTT, P, STUBBERFIELD, P, SUMMERS, D, SUMMERS, H, SVENSSON, L, TAGLE, J, TANGA, A, TARONI, A, TERELLA, C, TESINI, A, THOMAS, P, THOMPSON, E, THOMSEN, K, TREVALION, P, TUBBING, B, TIBONE, F, VANDERBEKEN, H, VLASES, G, VONHELLERMANN, M, WADE, T, WALKER, C, WARD, D, WATKINS, M, WATSON, M, WEBER, S, WESSON, J, WIJNANDS, T, WILKS, J, WILSON, D, WINKEL, T, WOLF, R, WONG, D, WOODWARD, C, WYKES, M, YOUNG, I, ZANNELLI, L, ZOLFAGHARI, A, ZULLO, G, and ZWINGMANN, W

Subjects
inorganic chemicals, Jet (fluid), Tokamak, Materials science, Lawson criterion, Joint European Torus, Plasma, Fusion power, Condensed Matter Physics, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Deuterium, law, cardiovascular system, Tritium
Abstract

The first tokamak discharges with deuterium-tritium mixtures have been carried out in the Joint European Torus (JET). The main objectives were to produce more than IMW of fusion power in a controlled way, to determine tritium retention in torus systems and to establish effective means of tritium removal. The experiments were undertaken within limits imposed by restrictions on vessel activation and tritium usage. Deuterium plasmas were heated by high power deuterium neutral beams from fourteen sources and fuelled by two neural beam sources injecting tritium. In the best (D-T discharge), the tritium concentration was about 11% at peak performance, when total neutron emission rate was 6.0*1017 s-1, with 1.7 MW of fusion power. The fusion amplification factor QDT was 0.15. With optimum tritium concentration, this pulse would have produced a fusion power approximately=5 MW and nominal QDT=0.46. The same extrapolation for the best pure deuterium discharge gives about 11 MW and a nominal QDT=1.14. Techniques for introducing, tracking, monitoring and recovering tritium were highly effective.

Published
2016

20. 'Tot behoud van mijn identiteit': Identiteitsvorming binnen de zmv-vrouwenbeweging

Author

Ghorashi, H., Captain, E., Botman, M., Jouwe, N., Wekker, G., Botman, M., Jouwe, N., and Wekker, G.

Subjects
De zwarte, migranten- en vluchtelingen-vrouwenbeweging in Nederland [Caleidoscopische visies], Dynamics of gender, Caleidoscopische visies: De zwarte, migranten- en vluchtelingen-vrouwenbeweging in Nederland, Caleidoscopische visies: De zwarte, migranten- en vluchtelingen-vrouwenbeweging in Nederland
Abstract

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Published
2001

21. The biobased book : Energy transition

Author

Hamm, P., Bemer, G.G., Botman, M., Bruggink, A., and Sanders, J.P.M.

Subjects
future, technieken, non-food products, biobrandstoffen, Biobased Chemistry and Technology, biobased economy, non-food producten, bioenergy, bio-energie, biofuels, aanvaardbaarheid, acceptability, biomass production, toekomst, biomassa productie, techniques
Abstract

Biobased grondstoffen kunnen een belangrijke bijdrage leveren aan de oplossing van de energieproblemen in de wereld. Dit boek vat de kennis over en de mogelijkheden van het gebruik van biomassa samen. Biomassa kan gebruikt worden voor verschillende doeleinden: biobrandstof, productie van chemicaliën, warmteproductie of electriciteit. Biomassa kan uit verschillende bronnen verkregen worden: reststromen, overschotten, gewassen of import. Er wordt ingegaan op de bezwaren die er zijn tegen het gebruik van biomassa voor non-food toepassingen. De verschillende technieken voor de productie van bio-energie, chemicaliën en andere materialen worden besproken. Tot slot wordt ingegaan op de economische aspecten en de toekomst.

Published
2007

25. What determines the survival of internet IPOs?

Author

Botman, M., van der Goot, T., van Giersbergen, N.P.A., and UvA-Econometrics (ASE, FEB)

Abstract

This paper investigates the determinants of survival, acquisition and non-survival for internet firms that have gone public at the NASDAQ stock exchange from December 1996 through February 2001. We analyze two models, survivors versus non-survivors and survivors versus acquired firms with the help of the Cox proportional hazard method. We have selected all internet firms that went public during the internet bubble. The paper presents a model that includes a number of new and earlier examined, explanatory variables simultaneously that are often studied separately and for noninternet firms in other studies. The key issue of the study is that our models provide a prediction of the rate of non-survival or acquisition of internet firms. The empirical results provide evidence that compared to both acquired firms and nonsurvivors, survivors’ owners retain a larger share in the firm at IPO. Our study presents a number of novel findings. Survivors differ significantly from non-survivors in the number of risk factors in the IPO prospectus and underwriter reputation. Furthermore, our results are consistent with risk factors indicating the economic fundamentals of an internet IPO rather than being a mechanism against legal liability. Although internet firms belong to a relatively young branch of industry, the outcome provides evidence that top bracket lead managers are successful in selecting high quality internet IPOs. Also, our empirical results document that during the last phase of the internet bubble the industry was turning into a hot market with weaker firms going public due to reduced scrutiny of investors. Our findings hold under a number of robustness checks.

Published
2004

31. Fusion Energy-Production from a Deuterium-Tritium Plasma in the Jet Tokamak

Author

Rebut, Ph, Gibson, A., Huguet, M., Adams, Jm, Alper, B., Altmann, H., Andersen, A., Andrew, P., Angelone, M., Aliarshad, S., Baigger, P., Bailey, W., Balet, B., Barabaschi, P., Barker, P., Barnsley, R., Baronian, M., Bartlett, Dv, Baylor, L., Bell, Ac, Benali, G., Bertoldi, P., Bertolini, E., Bhatnagar, V., Bickley, Aj, Binder, D., Bindslev, H., Bonicelli, T., Booth, Sj, Bosia, G., Botman, M., Boucher, D., Boucquey, P., Breger, P., Brelen, H., Brinkschulte, H., Brooks, D., Brown, A., Brown, T., Brusati, M., Bryan, S., Brzozowski, J., Buchse, R., Budd, T., Bures, M., Businaro, T., Butcher, P., Buttgereit, H., Caldwellnichols, C., Campbell, Dj, Card, P., Celentano, G., Challis, Cd, Chankin, Av, Cherubini, A., Chiron, D., Christiansen, J., Chuilon, P., Claesen, R., Clement, S., Clipsham, E., Coad, Jp, Coffey, Ih, Colton, A., Comiskey, M., Conroy, S., Cooke, M., Cooper, D., Cooper, S., Cordey, Jg, Core, W., Corrigan, G., Corti, S., Costley, Ae, Cottrell, G., Cox, M., Cripwell, P., Dacosta, O., Davies, J., Davies, N., Deblank, H., Deesch, H., Dekock, L., Deksnis, E., Delvart, F., Dennehinnov, Gb, Deschamps, G., Dickson, Wj, Dietz, Kj, Dmitrenko, Sl, Dmitrieva, M., Dobbing, J., Doglio, A., Dolgetta, N., Dorling, Se, Doyle, Pg, Duchs, Df, Duquenoy, H., Edwards, A., Ehrenberg, J., Ekedahl, A., Elevant, T., Erents, Sk, Eriksson, Lg, Fajemirokun, H., Falter, H., Freiling, J., Freville, F., Froger, C., Froissard, P., Fullard, K., Gadeberg, M., Galetsas, A., Gallagher, T., Gambier, D., Garribba, M., Gaze, P., Giannella, R., Gill, Rd, Girard, A., Gondhalekar, A., Goodall, D., Gormezano, C., Gottardi, Na, Gowers, C., Green, Bj, Grievson, B., Haange, R., Haigh, A., Hancock, Cj, Harbour, Pj, Hartrampf, T., Hawkes, Nc, Haynes, P., Hemmerich, Jl, Hender, T., Hoekzema, J., Holland, D., Hone, M., Horton, L., How, J., Huart, M., Hughes, I., Hughes, Tp, Hugon, M., Huo, Y., Ida, K., Ingram, B., Irving, M., Jacquinot, J., Jaeckel, H., Jaeger, Jf, Janeschitz, G., Jankovicz, Z., Jarvis, On, Jensen, F., Jones, Em, Jones, Hd, Jones, Lpdf, Jones, S., Jones, Ttc, Junger, Jf, Junique, F., Kaye, A., Keen, Be, Keilhacker, M., Kelly, Gj, Kerner, W., Khudoleev, A., Konig, R., Konstantellos, A., Kovanen, M., Kramer, G., Kupschus, P., Lasser, R., Last, Jr, Laundy, B., Laurotaroni, L., Laveyry, M., Lawson, K., Lennholm, M., Lingertat, J., Litunovski, Rn, Alberto Loarte, Lobel, R., Lomas, P., Loughlin, M., Lowry, C., Lupo, J., Maas, Ac, Machuzak, J., Macklin, B., Maddison, G., Maggi, Cf, Magyar, G., Mandl, W., Marchese, V., Marcon, G., Marcus, F., Mart, J., Martin, D., Martin, E., Martinsolis, R., Massmann, P., Matthews, G., Mcbryan, H., Mccracken, G., Mckivitt, J., Meriguet, P., Miele, P., Miller, A., Mills, J., Mills, Sf, Millward, P., Milverton, P., Minardi, E., Mohanti, R., Mondino, Pl, Montgomery, D., Montvai, A., Morgan, P., Morsi, H., Muir, D., Murphy, G., Myrnas, R., Nave, F., Newbert, G., Newman, M., Nielsen, P., Noll, P., Obert, W., Obrien, D., Orchard, J., Orourke, J., Ostrom, R., Ottaviani, M., Pain, M., Paoletti, F., Papastergiou, S., Parsons, W., Pasini, D., Patel, D., Peacock, A., Peacock, N., Pearce, Rjm, Pearson, D., Peng, Jf, Desilva, Rp, Perinic, G., Perry, C., Petrov, M., Pick, Ma, Plancoulaine, J., Poffe, Jp, Pohlchen, R., Porcelli, F., Porte, L., Prentice, R., Puppin, S., Putvinskii, S., Radford, G., Raimondi, T., Deandrade, Mcr, Reichle, R., Reid, J., Richards, S., Righi, E., Rimini, F., Robinson, D., Rolfe, A., Ross, Rt, Rossi, L., Russ, R., Rutter, P., Sack, Hc, Sadler, G., Saibene, G., Salanave, Jl, Sanazzaro, G., Santagiustina, A., Sartori, R., Sborchia, C., Schild, P., Schmid, M., Schmidt, G., Schunke, B., Scott, Sm, Serio, L., Sibley, A., Simonini, R., Sips, Acc, Smeulders, P., Smith, R., Stagg, R., Stamp, M., Stangeby, P., Stankiewicz, R., Start, Df, Steed, Ca, Stork, D., Stott, Pe, Stubberfield, P., Summers, D., Summers, H., Svensson, L., Tagle, Ja, Talbot, M., Tanga, A., Taroni, A., Terella, C., Terrington, A., Tesini, A., Thomas, Pr, Thompson, E., Thomsen, K., Tibone, F., Tiscornia, A., Trevalion, P., Tubbing, B., Vanbelle, P., Vanderbeken, H., Vlases, G., Vonhellermann, M., Wade, T., Walker, C., Walton, R., Ward, D., Watkins, Ml, Watkins, N., Watson, Mj, Weber, S., Wesson, J., Wijnands, Tj, Wilks, J., Wilson, D., Winkel, T., Wolf, R., Wong, D., Woodward, C., Wu, Y., Wykes, M., Young, D., Young, Id, Zannelli, L., Zolfaghari, A., and Zwingmann, W.

Abstract

The paper describes a series of experiments in the Joint European Torus (JET), culminating in the first tokamak discharges in deuterium-tritium fuelled mixtures. The experiments were undertaken within limits imposed by restrictions on vessel activation and tritium usage. The objectives were: (i) to produce more than one megawatt of fusion power in a controlled way; (ii) to validate transport codes and provide a basis for accurately predicting the performance of deuterium-tritium plasma from measurements made in deuterium plasmas; (iii) to determine tritium retention in the torus systems and to establish the effectiveness of discharge cleaning techniques for tritium removal; (iv) to demonstrate the technology related to tritium usage; and (v) to establish safe procedures for handling tritium in compliance with the regulatory requirements. A single-null X-point magnetic configuration, diverted onto the upper carbon target, with reversed toroidal magnetic field was chosen. Deuterium plasmas were heated by high power, long duration deuterium neutral beams from fourteen sources and fuelled also by up to two neutral beam sources injecting tritium. The results from three of these high performance hot ion H-mode discharges are described: a high performance pure deuterium discharge; a deuterium-tritium discharge with a 1% mixture of tritium fed to one neutral beam source; and a deuterium-tritium discharge with 100% tritium fed to two neutral beam sources. The TRANSP code was used to check the internal consistency of the measured data and to determine the origin of the measured neutron fluxes. In the best deuterium-tritium discharge, the tritium concentration was about 11% at the time of peak performance, when the total neutron emission rate was 6.0 x 10(17) neutrons/s. The integrated total neutron yield over the high power phase, which lasted about 2 s, was 7.2 x 10(17) neutrons, with an accuracy of +/- 7%. The actual fusion amplification factor, Q(DT), was about 0.15. With an optimum tritium concentration, this pulse would have produced a fusion power of almost-equal-to 5 MW and a nominal Q(DT) almost-equal-to 0.46. The same extrapolation for the pure deuterium discharge would have given almost-equal-to 11 MW and a nominal Q(DT) = 1.14, so that the total fusion power (neutrons and alpha-particles) would have exceeded the total losses in the equivalent deuterium-tritium discharge in these transient conditions. Techniques for introducing, tracking, monitoring and recovering tritium were demonstrated to be highly effective: essentially all of the tritium introduced into the neutral beam system and, so far, about two thirds of that introduced into the torus have been recovered.

Published
1992

33. Load Sharing in a Planetary Gear Stage in the Presence of Gear Errors and Misalignment

Author

Ma, P. and Botman, M.

Abstract

A method of analysis is described of dynamic loads occurring in the planetary gear stages of the gearboxes of PT6 turboprop engines. The dynamic loads are important for the design of lightweight and durable components. A rigorous dynamic analysis, which includes the effects of nonlinear tooth stiffnesses, ring gear flexibility, gear errors and misalignments, is necessary to determine dynamic tooth loads and the load sharing among the planets. Results are presented of sample calculations for a typical gear stage.

Published
1985
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34. An Experimental Study of the Steady-State Response of Oil-Film Dampers

Author

Sharma, R. K. and Botman, M.

Abstract

Oil-film dampers are an integral feature of most high-speed, lightweight turbo engines, in which they are used to suppress undesirable shaft dynamic responses. They are generally located at the antifriction main bearings. An experimental study of the steady-state response of an oil-film damper at a main bearing was conducted on the high-speed rig developed for this purpose. The rig and some typical test results on a damper with a discreet number of oil-inlet ports were described in an earlier publication [1]. In this paper, the experimental results are presented on dampers with different geometries and oil-supply arrangements. The results are presented in terms of transmissibility, deflection and damping coefficient plots. The response of the damper with radial springs to simulate gravity effects in a vertical rotor arrangement is compared to that without radial springs. It is shown that there is a range of speeds up to which the response of the damper is synchronous and beyond which it becomes nonsynchronous. No nonsynchronous behavior was observed for damper amplitudes not exceeding the mass eccentricity of the rotor, that is, the displacement of the rotor center of gravity from the geometric center for a given unbalance. It appears that in a good damper design the maximum amplitude does not exceed the mass eccentricity of the rotor.

Published
1978
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35. Experiments on the Transient Response of Oil-Film Dampers

Author

Botman, M. and Sharma, R. K.

Abstract

Oil-film dampers are used in turbomachinery to suppress undesirable shaft dynamic responses. They are located at the nonrotating outer race of selected main bearings. Experiments on the synchronous behavior of oil-film dampers under steady unbalance loads were reported previously [1]. In this paper results are presented of experiments on the transient response of dampers which are subject to simulated blade-loss loads at high speed. The tests were performed on the rig used for the synchronous tests. A method of data reduction was developed. Results are shown for a number of different masses released at various speeds and dampers with several clearances.

Published
1978
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36. Experiments on the Dynamic Behavior of a Supercritical Rotor

Author

Botman, M. and Samaha, M. A.

Abstract

Tests have been performed on supercritical rotors to determine the sensitivity to unbalance and the suitability of balancing techniques. Results are presented for a rotor with an overhanging disk and supported on two rolling element bearings in series with squeeze-film dampers. The rotor has two flexural modes with high relative strain energy in the speed range up to 55,000 rpm. After completion of the balancing exercise the rotor could be run to maximum speed and was found to be stable and free from half-frequency whirl instability, depending on the oil inlet pressure of the dampers. Pressurization of the dampers and increasing the clearance of the dampers had a very desirable effect on the stability behavior and the unbalance response.

Published
1982
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37. Experiments on Oil-Film Dampers for Turbomachinery

Author

Botman, M.

Abstract

Oil-film dampers are used in turbomachinery to suppress undesirable shaft dynamic responses. They are located at the nonrotating outer race of selected main bearings. A rig is described that was designed to evaluate the effect of damper geometry on the rotor responses. Typical test results are shown which indicate that cavitation limits the maximum speed at which dampers should be used. Below cavitation speed the effect of the damper appears predictable with existing theory. More tests are required to substantiate this. At high speeds the damper generates nonsynchronous motion. The damper may have a significant effect on the stiffness of the support felt by the rotor.

Published
1976
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38. Dynamic Behavior of a Journal Bearing in a Planet Gear

Author

Nikolajsen, J. L. and Botman, M.

Abstract

The dynamic analysis of the journal bearing which supports the planets of an epicyclic gear stage is described. The analysis includes an assessment of the damping characteristics of the bearing, the stability, and the response of the planet to gear mesh interactions between the sun, the planet, and the ring gear. A digital program was developed which provides the numerical solution of the equations of motion by forward integration in time. The full nonlinear expressions have been used for both the hydrodynamic bearing forces and the gear mesh interaction forces. Centrifugal and Coriolis effects due to the planetary motion are taken into account. Numerical results for a PT6 reduction gearbox indicate that the bearing is highly stable and not adversely affected by gear mesh excitations.

Published
1983
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39. Epicyclic Gear Vibrations

Author

Botman, M.

Abstract

The natural frequenices of in-plane vibration of a single planetary gear stage are analyzed. The gear tooth stiffnesses are approximated as linear springs. The effect of planet pin stiffness on the natural frequencies is evaluated. Rotation of the carrier gives rise to a system with periodic coefficients which is solved by means of Floquet’s theory. The rotation of the carrier appears to suppress the nonaxisymmetric modes which are present in the system with nonrotating carrier.

Published
1976
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41. JET - PROGRESS IN PERFORMANCE AND UNDERSTANDING

Author

Keilhacker, M., Adams, Jm, Altmann, H., Andersen, A., Andrew, P., Angelone, M., Arshad, Sa, Bailey, W., Ballantyne, P., Balet, B., Barabaschi, P., Barnsley, R., Baronian, M., Bartlett, Dv, Bell, Ac, Benfatto, I., Benali, G., Bergsaker, H., Bertoldi, P., Bertolini, E., Bhatnagar, V., Bickley, Aj, Bindslev, H., Bonicelli, T., Booth, Sj, Bosia, G., Botman, M., Boucher, D., Boucquey, P., Breger, P., Brelen, H., Brinkschulte, H., Brown, T., Brusati, M., Budd, T., Bures, M., Businaro, T., Butcher, P., Buttgereit, H., Caldwellnichols, C., Campbell, Dj, Card, P., Celentano, G., Challis, Cd, Chankin, Av, Chiron, D., Christiansen, J., Christodoulopoulos, C., Chuilon, P., Claesen, R., Clement, S., Clipsham, E., Coad, Jp, Comiskey, M., Conroy, S., Cooke, M., Cooper, S., Cordey, Jg, Core, W., Corrigan, G., Corti, S., Costley, Ae, Cottrell, G., Cox, M., Cripwell, P., Deblank, H., Deesch, H., Dekock, L., Deksnis, E., Dennehinnov, Gb, Deschamps, G., Dietz, Kj, Dmitrenko, Sl, Dobbing, J., Dolgetta, N., Dorling, Se, Doyle, Pg, Duchs, Df, Duquenoy, H., Edwards, A., Ehrenberg, J., Ekedahl, A., Elevant, T., Erents, Sk, Eriksson, Lg, Fajemirokun, H., Falter, H., Flory, D., Freiling, J., Froger, C., Froissard, P., Fullard, K., Gadeberg, M., Galetsas, A., Gambier, D., Garribba, M., Gaze, P., Giannella, R., Gibson, A., Gill, Rd, Girard, A., Gondhalekar, A., Gormezano, C., Gottardi, Na, Gowers, C., Green, Bj, Haange, R., Haas, G., Haigh, A., Gregory Hammett, Hancock, Cj, Harbour, Pj, Hawkes, Nc, Haynes, P., Hemmerich, Jl, Hender, T., Herzog, Fb, Herzog, Rf, Hoekzema, J., How, J., Huart, M., Hughes, I., Hughes, Tp, Hugon, M., Huguet, M., Hwang, A., Ingram, B., Irving, M., Jacquinot, J., Jaeckel, H., Jaeger, Jf, Janeschitz, G., Jankowicz, S., Jarvis, On, Jensen, F., Jones, Em, Jones, Lpdf, Jones, Ttc, Junger, Jf, Junique, E., Kaye, A., Keen, Be, Kelly, Gj, Kerner, W., Konig, R., Konstantellos, A., Kovanen, M., Kramer, G., Kupschus, P., Lasser, R., Last, Jr, Laundy, B., Laurotaroni, L., Lawson, K., Lennholm, M., Loarte, A., Lobel, R., Lomas, P., Loughlin, M., Lowry, C., Macklin, B., Maddison, G., Magyar, G., Mandl, W., Marchese, V., Marcus, F., Mart, J., Martin, E., Martinsolis, R., Massmann, P., Mccracken, G., Meriguet, P., Miele, P., Mills, Sf, Millward, P., Mohanti, R., Mondino, Pl, Montvai, A., Moriyama, S., Morgan, P., Morsi, H., Murphy, G., Mynarends, M., Myrnas, R., Nardone, C., Nave, F., Newbert, G., Newman, M., Nielsen, P., Noll, P., Obert, W., Obrien, D., Orourke, J., Ostrom, R., Ottaviani, M., Pain, M., Paoletti, F., Papastergiou, S., Pasini, D., Peacock, A., Peacock, N., Pearson, D., Desilva, Rp, Perinic, G., Perry, C., Pick, M., Pitts, R., Plancoulaine, J., Poffe, Jp, Porcelli, F., Porte, L., Prentice, R., Puppin, S., Putvinsko, S., Radford, G., Raimondi, T., Deandrade, Mcr, Rebut, Ph, Reichle, R., Righi, E., Rimini, F., Robinson, D., Rolfe, A., Ross, Rt, Rossi, L., Russ, R., Rutter, P., Sack, Hc, Sadler, G., Saibene, G., Salanave, Jl, Sanazzaro, G., Santagiustina, A., Sartori, R., Sborchia, C., Schild, P., Schmid, M., Schmidt, G., Schunke, B., Scott, Sm, Sibley, A., Simonini, R., Sips, Acc, Smeulders, P., Stankiewicz, R., Stamp, M., Stangeby, P., Start, Df, Steed, Ca, Stork, D., Stott, Pe, Stringer, Te, Stubberfield, P., Summers, D., Summers, H., Svensson, L., Tagle, Ja, Tanga, A., Taroni, A., Tesini, A., Thomas, Pr, Thompson, E., Thomsen, K., Todd, Jm, Trevalion, P., Tubbing, B., Tibone, F., Usselmann, E., Vanderbeken, H., Vlases, G., Vonhellermann, M., Wade, T., Walker, C., Walton, R., Ward, D., Watkins, Ml, Watson, Mj, Weber, S., Wesson, J., Wijnands, Tj, Wilks, J., Wilson, D., Winkel, T., Wolf, R., Wolle, B., Wong, D., Woodward, C., Wu, Y., Wykes, M., Young, Id, Zannelli, L., Zhu, Y., and Zwingmann, W.

44. Plasma heating in JET

Author

Ainsworth, A, primary, Altmann, H, additional, Anderson, R J, additional, Arbez, J, additional, Bartlett, D, additional, Bailey, W, additional, Behringer, K, additional, Bertolini, E, additional, Bertoldi, P, additional, Best, C H, additional, Bhatnagar, V, additional, Bickerton, R J, additional, Boissin, G, additional, Bonicelli, T, additional, Booth, S, additional, Boschi, A, additional, Bosia, G, additional, Botman, M, additional, Brelen, H, additional, Brinkschulte, H, additional, Browne, M L, additional, Brusati, M, additional, Budd, T, additional, Bures, M, additional, Butcher, P, additional, Buttgereit, H, additional, Cacaut, D, additional, Caldwell-Nichols, C, additional, Campbell, D, additional, Carwardine, J, additional, Celentano, G, additional, Challis, C D, additional, Cheetman, A, additional, Christiansen, J, additional, Christodoulopoulos, C, additional, Chuilon, P, additional, Claesen, R, additional, Coad, J P, additional, Cooke, M, additional, Cordey, J G, additional, Core, W, additional, Corti, S, additional, Costley, A E, additional, Cottrell, G, additional, Dean, J, additional, Deksnis, E, additional, Deschamps, G, additional, Dietz, K J, additional, Dobbing, J, additional, Dorling, S E, additional, Duechs, D F, additional, Duesing, G, additional, Duquenoy, H, additional, Kock, L de, additional, Edwards, A, additional, Engelhardt, W, additional, Erhorn, F, additional, Eriksson, B, additional, Falter, H, additional, Hellsten, T, additional, Hemmerich, J L, additional, Hemsworth, R, additional, Hendriks, F, additional, Herzog, R F, additional, Horton, L, additional, How, J, additional, Huart, M, additional, Hubbard, A, additional, Hugon, M, additional, Jones, P, additional, Kaeline, J, additional, Kaellne, A, additional, Kaye, A, additional, Keen, B E, additional, Keilhacker, M, additional, Kinahan, G, additional, Konstantellos, A, additional, Kupschus, P, additional, Lallia, P, additional, Last, J R, additional, Foden, N, additional, Froger, C, additional, Fullard, K, additional, Galetsas, A, additional, Gallacher, A, additional, Gibson, A, additional, Gill, R D, additional, Geode, A, additional, Gondhalekar, A, additional, Gottardi, N A, additional, Gowers, C, additional, Granetz, R, additional, Green, B, additional, Gregoli, S, additional, Griph, F S, additional, Haange, R, additional, Hancock, C J, additional, Harbour, P, additional, Herog, R F, additional, Kaellne, J, additional, Lauro-Taroni, L, additional, Lazzaro, E, additional, Lobel, R C, additional, Lomas, P, additional, Lorenzo-Gottardi, M, additional, Lowry, C, additional, Magyar, G, additional, Maissonneir, D, additional, Malacarne, M, additional, Marchese, V, additional, Massmann, P, additional, McMullen, P, additional, Mead, M J, additional, Meriguet, P, additional, Merlo, V, additional, Mills, S, additional, Millward, P, additional, Moissonnier, A, additional, Mondini, P L, additional, Morgan, P, additional, Murphy, G, additional, Nave, M F, additional, Nickesson, L, additional, Nielson, P, additional, Noll, P, additional, Nowak, S, additional, Obert, W, additional, Oliver, B, additional, Olsson, M, additional, O'Rourke, J, additional, Pacco, M G, additional, Paillere, J, additional, Pannacione, L, additional, Papastergiou, S, additional, Pasini, D, additional, Pescatore, M, additional, Planncoulaine, J, additional, Poffe, J P, additional, Prentice, R, additional, Raimondi, T, additional, Raymond, C, additional, Rebut, P H, additional, Removille, J, additional, Riediker, W, additional, Roberts, R, additional, Rolfe, A, additional, Ross, R T, additional, Sadler, G, additional, Saffert, J, additional, Salmon, N, additional, Sand, A, additional, Santagiustina, A, additional, Saunders, R, additional, Schmid, M, additional, Schueller, F C, additional, Selin, K, additional, Shaw, R, additional, Sigournay, D, additional, Simonini, R, additional, Smeulders, P, additional, Sonnerup, L, additional, Sonnenberg, K, additional, Stamp, M, additional, Steed, C A, additional, Stork, D, additional, Stott, P E, additional, Stringer, T E, additional, Summers, D, additional, Tanga, A, additional, Taroni, A, additional, Terrington, A, additional, Tesini, A, additional, Thomas, P R, additional, Thompson, E, additional, Tibone, F, additional, Tivery, R, additional, Usselmann, E, additional, Beken, H Van der, additional, Hellerman, M Von, additional, Montfoort, J E Van, additional, Wade, T, additional, Walker, C, additional, Wallander, B A, additional, Walravens, M, additional, Walter, K, additional, Watkins, M L, additional, Watson, M, additional, Webberley, D, additional, Wesson, J, additional, Wilks, J, additional, Winkel, T, additional, Woodward, C, additional, Wykes, M, additional, Young, D, additional, Zennelili, L, additional, Zwart, J, additional, Beaumont, B, additional, Gambier, D, additional, Moreau, D, additional, Ehrenberg, J, additional, Jaeckel, H, additional, Kissel, S, additional, Kuephnapfel, U, additional, Mueller, R, additional, Staebler, A, additional, Weller, A, additional, Hamnen, J H, additional, Evrared, M, additional, Gadeberg, M, additional, Thomsen, K, additional, Dupperrex, P, additional, Tonetti, G, additional, Lopez-Cardozo, N, additional, Tubbing, B, additional, Seggern, J Von, additional, Tagle, J, additional, Bombarda, F, additional, Bracco, G, additional, Giannella, R, additional, Carolan, R, additional, Cox, M, additional, Forrest, M, additional, Goodall, D, additional, Hawkes, N, additional, Haynes, P, additional, Hugill, J, additional, Lawson, K D, additional, McCracken, G, additional, Partridge, J, additional, Peacock, N, additional, Snipes, J, additional, Todd, T, additional, Schamel, H, additional, Summers, H, additional, and Tsuji, S, additional

Published
1986
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