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✓ The authors describe three patients with expanding hemorrhagic mass lesions who presented 13 to 18 years after undergoing Silastic duraplasty. In all patients, results of bacteriological cultures of the masses obtained intraoperatively were positive, revealing low-virulence bacteria. Two of the patients were treated with antibiotic drugs and made a good recovery. The third did not receive antibiotic medications initially and later developed an epidural empyema that necessitated reoperation, but subsequently made a complete recovery. Vascularized neomembranes are generally agreed to be causes of the expanding masses, but the possibility that patients could be harboring chronic infections must be considered. Thus, on removal of duraplasty materials a complete bacteriological culture should be obtained, and if it is positive the proper antibiotic therapy should be administered. Furthermore, the creation of a registry of patients who have received implants is advocated to facilitate tracking of implanted material in case of complications.

A new species of Acrobeloides, A. arctowskii sp. n., is described from soil around roots of Deschampsia antarctica oil King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The new species adds to the Antarctic terrestrial nematode fauna and resembles most closely A. arenicola Abolafia & Pena-Santiago, 2003 by having acute labial probolae, five incisures in lateral field and an acute colloid tail. It differs front A. arenicola in its longer body (L = 804-1101 mu m vs L = 476-729 mu m), longer post-vulval uterine branch (43-65 mu m vs 24-40 mu m), strongly protruding vulval lips (vs continuous Mill body contour), longer spicules (41-48 mu m vs 24-27 mu m) and longer gubernaculum (21-27 mu m vs 14-15 mu m).

Pseudacrobeles (Bunobus) arboricola sp. n., a new species of free-living nematodes from rotting wood in Ukraineis described. It is characterised by the absence of labial and cephalic probolae, presence of bar-shaped cheilorhabdia, low corpus-isthmus ratio (1.5-2.3), excretory pore anterior to corpus-isthmus junction, spermatheca 48-85 µm long, posterioruterine branch 10-22 µm long, rectum 25-31 µm long, ventrally curved elongate-conoid female tail (c’=4.9-6.8) with acute terminus, and short and ventrally curved conical male tail (c’=2.8-3.6) with rounded terminus bearing a short acute mucro.It differs from all hitherto described species of Pseudacrobeles (Bunobus) by the very anterior position of excretory pore and in the combination of characters listed above.

A new species of Tricirronema, T. tamdaoense sp. n., is described from soil and litter in Tam Dao National Park, Vietnam. It adds to the diversity of the genus and extends the geographical distribution of the family Bicirronematidae. The new species is intermediate in body length between the other two known species of the genus, T. tentaculatum and T. trifilum. It is particularly characterised by the sigmoid shape of vagina, differing from the other two species, which both have a vagina with straight lumen.

We present a rare case with postspinal headache resulting in an intracranial subdural haematoma. After 5 days of persistant headache the condition was recognized and diagnosed on a computerized tomography-scan (CT) of the skull. The patient was operated with evacuation of the haematoma 2 weeks after the spinal anaesthesia and recovered completely.

Two known and one new species of Anaplectus, viz. A. granulosus, A. atubulatus and A. brzeskii sp. n. are described from material collected in Poland, Ukraine and Sweden. A. granulosus is studied by SEM for the first time. A. brzeskii sp. n. is characterised by a body length of 863-1131 mum in females and 764-1056 mum in males, lip region slightly offset from body contour, amphid located at level with anterior part of stegostom, spinneret present, vulva located in a depression, female with four caudal setae, male with three midventral tubular supplements, spicules 40-48 mum long with oval manubrium wider than shaft, and gubernaculum 10-13 mum long, plate-like with a single strong caudal appendix. An emended generic diagnosis, a species list and identification key are provided.

Descriptions of populations of Tylocephalus auriculatus, T cephalatus, T nimius, T longicornis sp. n. and T primitivus sp. n. are given on the basis of studies with light and scanning electron microscopy. T longicornis sp. n. is characterised by a body length of 540-560 mum cervical cuticular expansions bearing 20-25 annules and extending well posterior to the level of "subcephalic" setae, cornua 13 mum long with filiform terminus, tail 43-45 mum long, 49-57 somatic and 7 caudal setae. T primitivus sp. n. is characterised by a body length of 300-450 mum, weakly developed cervical Cuticular expansions bearing 7-11 annules and extending halfway to the level of "subcephalic" setae, cornua cylindrical and 35 mum long, tail 28-46 mum long, 10-16 somatic and 3-5 caudal setae. An emended diagnosis and a revised classification of the genus Tylocephalus, and a key for identification of species in the subfamily Wilsonematinae are given.

Dagda bipapillata, Deontolaimus papillatus, Leptolaimus mixtus, Paraplectonema loofi sp. n., Rhadinema flexile and Stephanolaimus elegans are described on the basis of new material from Europe and the Americas. Dagda bipapillata is studied by SEM for the first time. Paraplectonema loofi sp. n. is described from Costa Rica and differs from all other species of the genus by the position of excretory pore on lip region. Leptolaimus primitivus Gagarin, 2001 is transferred to Paraplectonema. A revised classification of the superfamily Leptolaimoidea is proposed based on a phylogenetic analysis of a set of morphological data of most genera of the group and a reappraisal is made of the superfamily Camacolaimoidea including the families Camacolaimidae and Rhadinematidae. The taxonomy of Leptolaimus is discussed. First description of a male of Odontolaimus chlorurus is given. It is characterised by the presence of five setiform sensilla along the ventral side of the pharyngeal region and no precloacal supplementary sensilla. New information on the male of Tobrilia imberbis is provided. The systematic positions of the genera Bastiania, Odontolaimus and Tobrilia are reconsidered. Emended diagnoses are given for the families Leptolaimidae, Camacolaimidae and Rhadinematidae.

Acroukrainicus sagittiferus gen. ef sp. n. from a loamy-sand soil in Ukraine is described on the basis of light and scanning electron microscopy. The new genus is placed in the Cephalobinae and distinguished from all other genera in the subfamily by the possession of three pairs of lips, each lip flat and three-lobed (asymmetrically triangular); primary axils narrow; secondary axils broad; and three pointed labial probolae, each probola shaped as an arrow-head with one rounded lateral tine on each side and a concave abaxial prominence.

Cervidellus vexilliger$, actuellement espèce type du genre #Ypsylonellus$, est redécrit et un néotype est désigné parmi les spécimens d'un échantillon collecté dans la localité type : Haagse Bos, Pays-Bas. Une autre espèce très proche, correspondant à la diagnose de #C. neftasiensis$, était également présente dans cet échantillon. La description originale de #C. vexilliger$ et les nouveaux spécimens provenant de la localité type suggèrent que #C. vexilliger$ est conspécifique de #C. serratus$. #C. serratus$ est donc synonymisé avec #C. vexilliger$ et #Ypsilonellus$ est synonymisé avec #Cervidellus$. Des diagnoses différentielles et une classification provisoire sont proposées pour les genres #Cervidellus$ et #Stegelletina$. (Résumé d'auteur)

Des populations des trois espèces de nématodes, #Pelodera arnbomi$ n. sp., #Plectus rhizophilus$ et #Acrobeloides nanus$, sont décrites des îles subantarctiques de Géorgie du Sud pour la première fois. #Pelodera arnbomi$ n. sp. se sépare de toutes les autres espèces du genre #Pelodera$ à queue hémisphérique par la forme conique de la queue chez la femelle et diffère de #P. teres$, #P. conica$ et #P. incilaria$ par le nombre de papilles préanales sur la bursa des mâles (2 vs > 2); il diffère de #P. punctata$ par la plus faible longueur du corps (880 vs 1200-2500 micromètres) et une valeur plus faible de c' (2,8 vs 4) et de #P. comandorica$ par la plus faible longueur du corps (880 vs 1080-1500 micromètres) et une valeur de c' plus élevée (2,8 vs 1,5) chez les femelles. Les relations entre quelques espèces du genre #Plectus$, et plus spécialement l'identité de #P. rhizophilus$ et #P. varians$, sont discutées. Une population d'#A. nanus$ provenant de l'île des Malouines de l'Est est comparée avec celle de l'île de Géorgie du Sud dont elle diffère significativement par de nombreux caractères. Cependant les valeurs des mensurations et des coefficients, de même que les caractères qualitatifs, se recouvrent entre ces deux populations. (Résumé d'auteur)