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Transformativa förändringar i samhället tycks kräva etablering av nya institutioner. Nuvarande institutioner utvecklades för att stödja industrialiseringen och urbaniseringen som pågick under 1800 och 1900-talet. Genom policyutveckling kan nya institutioner möta dagens ökande komplexitet. I denna studie har design använts för att utveckla policy över flera nivåer i det offentliga systemet; från lokal, till regional och nationell nivå. Det analytiska fokuset i studien berör de policyprototyper som förekommer på de olika systemnivåerna samt deras form och karaktär. I artikeln relateras prototyper till den generiska policycykeln, men också till differentieringen mellan institutionella, deliberativa och iscensättande förhållningssätt till policyutveckling. Studien lyfter fram två karaktärer som prototyper antar i olika delar av policyutvecklingsprocessen. Dels som katalysator över systemnivåer och dels som koppling mellan systemnivåer. Bidraget från den här studien, är framförallt att sätta fokus på vikten av prototypen, som en del av policyutveckling, och som en nödvändig del av ett prototypande. Transformative changes in society appear to necessitate new institutional frameworks, as current ones were tailored for 19th and 20th century industrialization and urbanization. By employing design in policy development, we can address the growing complexity of contemporary challenges across various public system levels, from the local to the national. In this study, design has been employed to develop policies across multiple levels in the public system, ranging from local to regional and national levels. This study’s analytical focus centers on policy prototypes at these levels, linking them to the generic policy cycle, and distinguishing between institutional, deliberative, and performative policy development approaches. This study highlights two key roles of prototypes in policy development: catalysts bridging system levels, and connectors between them. Its primary contrib

The goal of this thesis has been to investigate the possibility of multi-workload optimization in Database Management Systems and workload detection. A system was successfully constructed to allow for multi-workload testing and data aggregation. The performance gain when optimizing using this project did not seem to match the optimizing performance obtained during testing within the single-workload framework. To test workload detection, data was collected for the benchmarks TPC-C, CH-benchmark and Wikipedia for two different types of metrics. The first was hardware-based metrics which was tested using the change detection technique CUSUM. It was found that hardware-metrics excelled in separating data for the chosen workloads in non-optimizing circumstances, and in optimizing situations it was found to be too unreliable. The second type consisted of the query types that were executed by the Database Management System. When tested with the DBSCAN clustering method all data points were clustered correctly.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to contribute knowledge concerning the dynamics and potential cultural tensions that occur when applying user involvement and design thinking (DT) for improving quality in a health-care setting. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on a case study following a quality improvement (QI) project in a medium-sized Swedish county council in the field of somatic care. The project involved eight health-care professionals, one designer, four patients and two relatives. A multiple data collection method over a period of ten months was used. It included individual interviews, e-mail correspondence and observations of workshops that covered the QI project. Findings The result shows tensions between QI work and the daily clinical work of the participants. These tensions primarily concern the conflict between fast and slow processes, the problem of moving between different fields of knowledge, being a resource for the individual clinic and the system and the participants’ expectations and assumptions about roles and responsibilities in a QI project. Furthermore, these findings could be interpreted as signs of a development culture in the health-care context. Practical implications There are several practical implications. Among others, the insights can inspire how to approach and contextualize the current concepts, roles and methods of DT and user involvement so that they can be more easily understood and integrated into the existing culture and way of working in the health-care sector. Originality/value This study provides a unique insight into a case, trying to uncover what actually is going on and perhaps, why certain things are not happening at all, when user involvement and design practices are applied for improving health-care quality.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the integration of design knowledge into healthcare organisations’ development environments, and especially the management’s reasoning in relation to the healthcare organizations’ traditional culture for improving quality. Method The paper is based on a qualitative interview design with development managers based at three different development sites in Sweden, who have integrated design knowledge as a method for quality improvement and innovation in healthcare organizations. The interview transcript was analysed using a content analysis together with an interpretive approach. Findings The results show the potential conflicts that occur after combining different bodies of knowledge when improving healthcare quality. It also provides a deeper understanding of how design knowledge and competence can create synergetic effects when integrated with other bodies of knowledge. Furthermore, these findings could be interpreted as signs of how new ways of thinking are creating challenges in the traditional way to work with quality improvement in healthcare. Practical Implications The narratives from the managers’ experience of new knowledge integration for improving healthcare quality, could help us create readiness and knowledge about how we prevent and/or facilitate planning and implementing design projects in a healthcare context. But also, that design plays an important role for organizations' ability to both develop and radically meet the challenges of the future.

In medicinal chemistry programs it is key to design and make compounds that are efficacious and safe. This is a long, complex, and difficult multiparameter optimization process, often including several properties with orthogonal trends. New methods for the automated design of compounds against profiles of multiple properties are thus of great value. Here we present a fragment-based reinforcement learning approach based on an actor-critic model, for the generation of novel molecules with optimal properties. The actor and the critic are both modeled with bidirectional long short-term memory (LSTM) networks. The AI method learns how to generate new compounds with desired properties by starting from an initial set of lead molecules and then improving these by replacing some of their fragments. A balanced binary tree based on the similarity of fragments is used in the generative process to bias the output toward structurally similar molecules. The method is demonstrated by a case study showing that 93% of the generated molecules are chemically valid and more than a third satisfy the targeted objectives, while there were none in the initial set.

We present a flexible deep convolutional neural network method for the analysis of arbitrary sized graph structures representing molecules. This method, which makes use of the Lipinski RDKit module, an open-source cheminformatics software, enables the incorporation of any global molecular (such as molecular charge and molecular weight) and local (such as atom hybridization and bond orders) information. In this paper, we show that this method significantly outperforms another recently proposed method based on deep convolutional neural networks on several datasets that are studied. Several best practices for training deep convolutional neural networks on chemical datasets are also highlighted within the article, such as how to select the information to be included in the model, how to prevent overfitting and how unbalanced classes in the data can be handled.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to contribute knowledge concerning the dynamics and potential cultural tensions that occur when applying user involvement and design thinking for improving quality in a healthcare setting. Method: The paper is based on a case study following a quality improvement project (QI) in a medium sized Swedish county council in the field of somatic care. The project involved eight healthcare professionals, one designer, four patients and two relatives. A multiple data collection method over a period of 10 months was used. It included individual interviews, e-mail correspondence and observations of workshops that covered the QI project. Findings: The result shows tensions between QI work and the daily clinical work of the participants. These tensions primarily concern the conflict between fast and slow processes, the problem of moving between different fields of knowledge, being a resource for the individual clinic and the system, and the participants' expectations and assumptions about roles and responsibilities in a QI project. Furthermore these findings could be interpreted as signs of a development culture in the healthcare context. Practical Implications: There are several practical implications. Among others, the insights can inspire how to approach and contextualize the current concepts, roles and methods of design thinking and user involvement so that they can be more easily understood and integrated into the existing culture and way of working in the healthcare sector. Originality: The study provides a unique insight into a case, trying to uncover what actually is going on, and perhaps why certain things are not happening at all, when user involvement and design practices are applied for improving healthcare quality.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide a review of the impact on culture (attitudes, values and assumptions) among both healthcare professionals, as well as users, when involving users for improving quality in healthcare. Methodology/Approach: The paper is based on an extensive, narrative literature review considering studies that included professional’s and users experiences of user involvement in quality improvement. The included articles were analyzed using an interpretive, along with a deductive, approach according to a theoretical framework. Findings: The results indicate that there is currently limited research focusing on the impact of user involvement in quality improvement processes regarding professionals’ and users’ attitudes, values and/or assumptions. The articles identified during the study provides situations and statements, during the process of development, which can be interpreted as change in the culture. Although few articles specifically draw conclusions on user involvement as a “tool” for cultural change, the authors interpret several findings which strengthens that theory. Research Limitation/implication: Research published in other databases could have been missed. The authors have tried to avoid this by using a snowball method reading references in identified articles. Originality/Value of paper: The review provides a platform for both future research and the development of current practice within the area. There have been literature reviews showing obstacles and enablers when using patients, users and relatives in quality improvement work, but few which investigates cultural change.

Inhibition of plasmin has been found to effectively reduce fibrinolysis and to avoid hemorrhage. This can be achieved by addressing its kringle 1 domain with the known drug and lysine analogue tranexamic acid. Guided by shape similarities toward a previously discovered lead compound, 5-(4-piperidyl)isoxazol-3-ol, a set of 16 structurally similar compounds was assembled and investigated. Successfully, in vitro measurements revealed one compound, 5-(4-piperidyl)isothiazol-3-ol, superior in potency compared to the initial lead. Furthermore, a strikingly high correlation (R(2) = 0.93) between anti-fibrinolytic activity and kringle 1 binding affinity provided strong support for the hypothesized inhibition mechanism, as well as revealing opportunities to fine-tune biological effects through minor structural modifications. Several different ligand-based (Freeform, shape, and electrostatic-based similarities) and structure-based methods (e.g., Posit, MM/GBSA, FEP+) were used to retrospectively predict the binding affinities. A combined method, molecular alignment using Posit and scoring with Tcombo, lead to the highest coefficient of determination (R(2) = 0.6).