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The study examines a 350 m long section of the Adige river levee, located in the Province of Bolzano (Italy) close to the village of Salorno, that has been affected in the recent past by moderate piping phenomena and subjected to subsequent interventions for the risk mitigation. Extensive geophysical and geotechnical investigations were performed to characterize the levee and its foundation soil. This careful investigation provided a multi-dimensional description of the levee and of the close soil water-meadows, which are possible preferential paths for piping. To measure preferential seepage paths, the foundation soil was instrumented using both piezometers and an advanced monitoring technique, the latter based on a fiber optic system installed in a shallow trench at the bank base on the landside. In the last ten days of October 2018, the Adige river was subjected to a relevant double flooding event that likely induced a significant seepage flow in the levee foundation soil. The paper presents some results of the geotechnical site monitoring together with a preliminary discussion of the data provided by the piezometers and optical fiber system.

Il lavoro qui descritto è finalizzato allo sviluppo di un sistema a supporto alle decisioni per la determinazione dei parametri geotecnici in back analysis per frane. La prospettiva è la riduzione dell'intervento umano nella procedura di selezione, limitando così la componente soggettiva attraverso lo sviluppo di un sistema semi-automatico, quantitativo, che permetta di incrementare l'affidabilità dell'analisi e la riproducibilità dei risultati. Il modello è stato quindi valutato applicandolo alla frana studio nell'ambito del progetto di monitoraggio e valutazione del rischio indotto dalle frane in località Passo della Morte (UD).

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations at diagnosis and during follow-up in patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome to better define the natural history of the disease. Study design A retrospective and prospective multicenter study was conducted with 228 patients in the context of the Italian Network for Primary Immunodeficiencies. Clinical diagnosis was confirmed by cytogenetic or molecular analysis. Results The cohort consisted of 112 males and 116 females; median age at diagnosis was 4 months (range 0 to 36 years 10 months). The diagnosis was made before 2 years of age in 71% of patients, predominantly related to the presence of heart anomalies and neonatal hypocalcemia. In patients diagnosed after 2 years of age, clinical features such as speech and language impairment, developmental delay, minor cardiac defects, recurrent infections, and facial features were the main elements leading to diagnosis. During follow-up (available for 172 patients), the frequency of autoimmune manifestations ( P = .015) and speech disorders ( P = .002) increased. After a median follow-up of 43 months, the survival probability was 0.92 at 15 years from diagnosis. Conclusions Our data show a delay in the diagnosis of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome with noncardiac symptoms. This study provides guidelines for pediatricians and specialists for early identification of cases that can be confirmed by genetic testing, which would permit the provision of appropriate clinical management.

Two adjacent landslides affect the National Road 52 "Carnica" in the Tagliamento River valley, Carnian Alps (46°23'49" N, 12°42'51" E). The phenomena have been studied for more than a decade allowing a detailed geological and geomorphological reconstruction to be delineated. That was done on the ground of a large number of monitoring data collected during more than 10 years of investigations. Since the landslide are threatening an important road countermeasure works to ameliorate stability conditions of the slides need to be designed. The paper focuses on the creation of a numerical model capable to reconstruct the dynamic of both landslides and to be consistent with monitoring data. Two cross-sections, one for each landslide, have been selected for the analysis. The geometry of the slip surface was reconstructed on the basis of control points like the slip surface readings in inclinometers and on geomorphological evidence for the contour. The FLAC2D code is used to evaluate actual stability of these landslide. Results will be used to plan countermeasure works.

Lo studio presenta un nuovo approccio nella modellazione geotecnica che si basa sulla generazione stocastica di diverse distribuzioni di strati di terreno, seguendo una logica booleana - il metodo è stato perciò chiamato BoSG (Boolean Stochastic Generation - Generazione Stocastica Booleana). Con questo metodo è possibile randomizzare la presenza di uno specifico materiale interdigitato in una matrice uniforme. Il metodo si presta per l'analisi di problemi geotecnici caratterizzati dalla presenza di materiali con proprietà meccaniche significativamente diverse. La memoria presenta due applicazioni del metodo: una su un pendio semplice con un modello tridimensionale, l'altra l'implementazione del BoSG su un modello bidimensionale di una colata lenta a Cortina d'Ampezzo. Viene analizzata l'influenza della presenza di lenti di materiale a maggiore resistenza per quanto riguarda la stabilità dei pendi, la variabilità dei risultati e l'applicazione del metodo per l'identificazione di zone ottimali per una seconda campagna d'indagini

This works describes the monitoring activity of a road tunnel that interferes with a large landslide provided for the Italian National Road Authority (ANAS). The monitoring network controls the cracks that formed on the tunnel lining due to the unremitting movements of the landslide. Scope of the monitoring campaign is to understand the dynamic of the process with respect to triggering factors such as rainfall, snow melt, and saturation of the rock mass. This is done in order to provide the Road Authority suggestion for effective structural mitigation works that would ensure the safety and durability of the road tunnel.

Il presente documento rappresenta la relazione finale inerente l'incarico che ANAS Compartimento della Viabilità per il Friuli Venezia Giulia ha affidato al CNR-IRPI UOS di Padova. Il monitoraggio effettuato negli anni da il CNR IRPI della Sede Secondaria di Padova per conto della Direzione Regionale della Protezione Civile ha messo in risalto come parte del versante sud del Monte Tinisa e del Clap di Lavres siano in movimento. Anas dopo aver ricostruito un tratto di galleria tra il 2005 e il 2008, dal 2014 ha implementato un sistema di monitoraggio in continuo delle lesioni sui conci 27,28,29 della galleria stradale San Lorenzo, costituito da 24 fessurimetri e 4 clinometri. Scopo di tale impianto di monitoraggio è di fornire dati per individuare eventuali correlazioni tra l'attività delle deformazioni e fattori perturbativi quali le precipitazioni e le acque circolanti nell'ammasso roccioso. Il sistema si integra al monitoraggio della Protezione Civile in atto per il controllo dei fenomeni franosi dell'area. Si presentano i dati di monitoraggio dal marzo 2016 al marzo 2017 che coprono un intero ciclo stagionale.

Identifying areas that are directly delivering sediment to the channel network or to a catchment outlet is of great importance for a sound sediment dynamic characterization and for assessing sediment budget. We present an integration of remote sensing analysis techniques to characterize the effective sediment contributing area that is the sub-portion of the catchment in which sediment is effectively routed towards the catchment outlet. A semi-automatic mapping of active sediment source areas is carried out via image analysis techniques. To this purpose, satellite multispectral images and aerial orthophotos are considered for the analysis. Several algorithms for features extraction are applied and the maps obtained are compared with an expert-based sediment source mapping derived from photointerpretation and field surveys. The image-based analysis is additionally integrated with a topography-driven filtering procedure. Thanks to the availability of High-Resolution, LiDAR-derived Digital Terrain Models, it is possible to work at a fine scale and to compute morphometric parameters (e.g., slope, roughness, curvature) suitable for refining the image analysis. In particular, information on local topography was integrated with the image-based analysis to discriminate between rocky outcrops and sediment sources, thus improving the overall consistency of the procedure. The sediment source areas are then combined with the output of a connectivity assessment. A topography-based index of sediment connectivity is computed for the analyzed areas in order to better estimate the effective sediment contributing area and to obtain a ranking of the source areas in the studied catchments. The study methods have been applied in catchments of the Eastern Italian Alps where a detailed census of sediment source areas is available. The comparison of the results of image analysis with expert-based sediment sources mapping shows a satisfactory agreement between the two approaches. Furthermore, the integration with sediment connectivity maps permitted a first fast assessment of effectively connected sediment source areas. This valuable information could enable land managers to focus on the most active geomorphic paths at catchment\regional scale

Il metodo BoSG per la modellizazione 3D di due frane convergenti: un metodo per quantificare l'influenza delle semplificazioni del profilo stratigrafico e verificare che la significatività dei risultati sia garantita

Background and aim of the work Since the introduction of the 7-valent vaccine, invasive pneumococcal disease have greatly decreased; however, changes in the distribution of pneumococcal serotypes have recently highlighted the need for vaccines with wider coverage. The aim of the work was to assess the potential serotype coverage of three pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (7-, 10- and 13-valent) against bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia and meningitis/sepsis in Italian children. Patients and methods We determined pneumococcal serotypes in immunocompetent patients who had been admitted to hospital with suspicion of invasive bacterial disease and had confirmed bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia or meningitis/sepsis determined by molecular detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae in a normally sterile site. Positive samples were serotyped using Realtime-PCR. Results Between April 2008 and March 2011, a total of 144 patients (age median 4.1 years; Interquartile range 1.8–5.6) with pneumococcal meningitis/sepsis (n = 43) or pneumonia (n = 101) from 83 participating centers located in 19 of 20 Italian regions were serotyped. The 10 most prevalent serotypes were 1 (29.9%), 3 (16.0%), 19A (13.2%), 7F (8.3%), 5 (4.2%), 14 (4.2%), 6A (3.5%), 6B (3.5%), 18C (3.5%), 19F (3.5%). Overall, serotype coverage for PCV-7, -10 and -13 were respectively 19.4%, 61.8% and 94.4% with no statistical difference between pneumonia and meningitis/sepsis. Potential coverage was similar for children 0–2 or 2–5 years of age. Cultures resulted positive in 35/99 (35.4%) samples simultaneously obtained for both culture and RT-PCR. Conclusion These findings indicate that increasing the potential serotype coverage by introducing PCV13 in the vaccination schedule for infancy could provide substantial added benefit for protection from pneumococcal pneumonia or meningitis/sepsis in Italy in children below 2 years as well in older children. The importance of molecular methods for diagnosis and serotyping of invasive pneumococcal disease was confirmed.