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The molecular mass distribution of naphthalenesulfonate condensation products (PNS) was investigated using ion-pair reversed-phase chromatography and ultrafiltration. The chromatograms obtained under an optimized solvent elution program yielded nearly 20 well resolved peaks corresponding to low and intermediate molecular mass species. A distinct broad peak was also resolved and attributed to polymeric species with relative molecular mass in excess of 5000. Under isocratic elution conditions, a linear relationship was obtained between the peak number and the log of the retention time for the first 17 peaks, thus indicating a homologous series of linear oligomers. The fractionation of the PNS mixtures by ultrafiltration enabled further resolution of the high molecular mass species; the latter also exhibited a broad distribution of molecular mass. Significant differences were also found amongst different commercial PNS products with similar average chemical composition. more...

Bone mineral content (BMC) in the radius of 23 osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) patients (1-26 yr) was measured with SPA technique. Comparing the values of OI type I. patients with that of type III. patients, the decrease of BMC was more prominent in the latter group, however, the two group hadn't been distinct from each other at p0.05 level. Based on the measurements of 39 relatives (mother, father, brother) the method seems not to be helpful in screening of gene-carrying relatives because of the high variability of the phenotype of the disease. Follow-up SPA studies-avoiding the repositioning errors-inform about the therapeutic effect. more...

The results of 3 bone biopsies in patients with Sillence I. type of osteogenesis imperfecta are described. The biopsy material was examined with light microscope histomorphometric and various electron microscopic methods. Histomorphometry showed that the osteoid rim (OS%) and the steroid surface covered by osteoblasts (OB%) was significantly greater, in the same time the relative quantity of osteoid (Vvos%) was significantly less, compared with the normal bone. Electron microscopy showed the broadening and unevenness of the mineralization front. The diameters of the collagen fibers were quite unstable compared with the control. The structure of the newly developed apatit crystals was not different, although their measure was less than of the control. The microanalytical examinations of Ca/P relation of the crystal phase did not show any difference. more...

We investigated brain tissue from 7 deceased patients with Fahr's disease using X-ray-analysis for the determination of compositional differences between calcareous particles in different areas of brain or between the left and right sides in a brain and differences in composition of concrements in different brains. We found, in all areas of one brain no difference in elementary composition. Differences were found between different brains, two brains showed a high silicon content. more...

Malignant angioendotheliomatosis, so called intravascular malignant lymphomatosis or angiotropic lymphoma, was found in cerebral hemispheres, spinal cord and nerve roots of a 50-year-old woman who died 4 months after onset of neurological symptoms. The pathological findings were characterised by neoplastic cells within the lumina and wall of small vessels as well as by multiple infarcts in the CNS. Vascular occlusions were caused by tumor cells and secondary changes of the wall. Positive reactions of Common Leucocyte Antigen and B-cell-markers support the idea of a lymphoid origin for the tumor cells. The differentiation to the angiocentric lymphoma as a T-cell tumor and the obscure pathogenesis of this neoplastic process must be clarified in the future. more...

Specimens from the area 10 of the frontal cortex collected out of 7 patients with severe mental retardation, aged 3 to 24 years and also 8 non-neuropsychiatric age-matched controls were processed according to the Golgi-Kopsch method. The total length of the apical side-dendrites and of the basal dendrites was measured on layer V pyramidal neurons. Compared with controls the total dendritic length of the apical side-dendrites as well as of the basal dendrites was significant reduced in the affected patients (p less than 0.001). The reduced dendritic length represents perhaps a morphological correlate to the mental dysfunction. more...

An altered morphology and number of dendritic spines on neurons of the human cortex has been shown to be associated with aging and neuropsychiatric diseases. Proceeding on this assumption specimens from the area 10 of the frontal cortex collected out of 9 children and adolescents with severe mental retardation, aged 6 to 24 years and also 7 non-neuropsychiatric age-matched controls were processed according to the Golgi-Kopsch method. The number of dendritic spines on the apical dendrite of layer V pyramidal neurons was counted on consecutive segments 50 microns long from the cellular body. Mushroom-shaped, stubby and short, thin spines occur normally, but many apical dendrites could be found with predominantly stubby and thin spines without head in infantile brain damage. Neither spine density (spines/microns) nor spine distribution (number of spines as a function of the distance from cellular body) in the cases with infantile brain damage allowed to state a dependence on ages. Compared with controls the spine density was significant lesser in the affected children and adolescents (p less than 0.05). The spine distribution also along apical dendrite displayed a significant diminution of the number of spines in children from 100 to 500 microns from the cellular body and in adolescents in range from 100 to 250 microns only. A remarkable result was a decreased spine density about 40% in normal adolescents compared with unaffected childrens. This results seems to point out the phenomenon of a spine-overshoot. The spine density of both hemispheres was different significantly in 4 brains of the retardates and in 5 brains of the controls, resulted from right-left-comparisons. A prevalence of the right hemisphere was observed (6 brains). The changes revealed in infantile brain damage are similar to those reported in Down's syndrome, Alzheimer's disease and alcoholism and represent perhaps a morphological correlate to the mental dysfunction. more...

The adsorption isotherms of phenanthrene and its hydrogenated derivatives, of naphthalene, and of tetralin on Raney nickel have been determined by chromatographic studies. The adsorption of these molecules on Raney nickel depends on the number of π electrons and on the position and orientation of hydrogen atoms that can interfere with the interaction of the π electrons with the catalyst. Keywords: adsorption, phenanthrene, chromatographic studies. more...

Es wird gezeigt, das in konzentrierten Salzlosungen nur von den Chlorionen die Ordnung der Reaktion herabgesetzt wird. Die Nitrat- und Chlorationen lassen dagegen den Mechanismus der Reaktion unverandert. more...

Es wurde in verdunnten Losungen der Mechanismus der Ferri- und Jodionenreaktion untersucht und gefunden, das monomolekular fur die Ferriionen und bimolekular fur die Jodionen vor sich geht. Die hydrolysierten Ferriionen reagieren nicht mit mesbarer Geschwindigkeit. more...

It was found as a result of preclinical experimental examinations, performed in Hungary and Japan that Ipriflavone stimulates calcitonin secretion through increasing the oestrogene effect. Its effect of hindering bone resorption works presumably also this way. Authors report on experiences and results gained in 408 treatment years of 114 primary and secondary osteoporotic patients. The results of clinical experiments in Hungary, Japan and Italy are similar. The treatment with Osteochin and calcium is an effective therapy of osteoporosis. The progression of the loss of bone mass can be hindered, the number of bone fracture is diminished in proportion of time and the method proved to be effective in 79 per cent of the patients. Out of the gastric complaints, found in 5.5 per cent of the cases no side effect was observed. more...

Tissue samples were obtained by operation on 23 patients with gastric and colonic carcinomas as well as gastric ulcers and polyps in the gastro-intestinal tract. The samples were taken from the pathological area and the "healthy" mucosa, respectively, 2 cm as the standardized distance from the respective place of finding. They were examined by means of in vitro-autoradiography with 3H-thymidine. The marking indiced obtained for benign, and malignant, tumours exceed distinctly the corrected labelled indiced of the normal mucous membrane. The marking values of the mucosa in the histologically inconspicuous vicinity of the carcinoma equal the carcinoma values. In correspondence to autoradiographic investigations by other authors and appropriate biopsy examinations in the neighbouring tumour regions, the in vitro-autoradiography is suggested to have some importance for the diagnosis of tumours. more...