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Refugee livelihood studies have mostly focused on policy and international aid programming and have yet to explore refugee people's long-term development beyond the initial resettlement period. This article examines the experiences of Vietnamese, Bosnian, and Tamil refugees resettled in Australia during the height of the multicultural agenda in the 1980s and 1990s. Drawing on fifty oral histories, the article argues that refugees' struggle and transformation of trauma in the past fuelled civic engagement in their new host communities. It explores the nexus of refugee lived experiences, livelihoods, and post-traumatic growth in the context of multicultural Australia to consider refugee livelihood as a long-term process. Crossing disciplinary boundaries of history and psychology, the article shows how some refugees re-interpret their trauma as motivation for positive change, a manifestation of post-traumatic growth, expressed as civic engagement, including becoming political actors in response to their histories of trauma, resistance, and growth beyond resettlement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simile is a semantic-stylistic figure, very common in literary texts and authors tend to use it to give their text a new, broader, figurative meaning. In the category of simile, there exist simile phrases, that is, a special type of phraseological unit intended to create a more powerful artistic impression. Given the high frequency of use of these lexical elements in Ivo Andrić's literary works, to conclude their structure and use in Bosnian, we will analyze several phraseological units that contain similes, all taken from Andrić's novel Devil’s Yard. We consider it interesting to observe these lexical units contrastively, so in the Italian translation of Devil’s Yard (La Corte del Diavolo) done by Lionello Costantini, we will identify the Italian equivalents of original simile phrases and analyze their characteristics. With this contrastive analysis, we aim to offer an overview of the basic features of special lexical constructions which contain similes, and to make generalizations about the similarities and differences in their structure, meaning and use in the two language systems. The results of this study will also allow us to comment on the intensity of the author's creativity and the skill of the translator to recognize the semantic and stylistic value of these phraseological units and transfer them into the Italian language.

Na Drini ćuprija (The Bridge on the Drina) is one of the most recognized and most popular novels by Nobel laureate Ivo Andrić. It has been translated into Italian twice – by Bruno Meriggi (Il ponte sulla Drina) in 1960 and by Dunja Badnjević in 2001. This novel is deeply rooted in the cultural and social context of the early 16th to early 20th century Bosnia and Herzegovina. Since the novel describes historical events and figures who marked four centuries in Višegrad and its surroundings (from the bridge construction in 1516 until its partial destruction in 1914), first under the Ottoman, and then under the Austro-Hungarian rule, it is only natural that many words of Oriental origin are a frequent occurrence in the novel. These words permeated the language of the locals at the time, but also trade, economy, and state affairs, and therefore Andrić decided to incorporate them in his writing - to paint an authentic picture of life in Bosnia and Herzegovina during that time. The focus of this paper is to excerpt the cultural realia of Oriental origin that denote state, social, and religious titles and occupations in the novel. The next step is to analyze these instances contrastively and examine their frequency in the original as well as their frequency in both Italian translations. It has been concluded that, since there is a significant spatial and cultural distance present, the identified realia do not exist in the Italian language repertoire and therefore they pose a problem for translators. Additionally, they are often seen as archaisms, historicisms, and regionalisms even in the contemporary Bosnian language because they have been suppressed from the lexical inventory due to different cultural and social changes that occurred over time.

This paper explores metonymic uses of the body part “hand” in the English language and „ruka” and „šaka” in the Bosnian language. The paper aims to establish similarities and differences between the languages in terms of conceptual metonymies exploiting these body parts. The paper also tries to determine to what extent conceptual metonymy interacts with or exploits other processes of cognitive thinking, namely chained metonymies and metaphors. The methodological framework of corpus analysis is by the taxonomies of metonymy types developed by Radden and Kövecses (1999) and Kövecses (2002) and patterns of conceptual interaction (Diez Velasco 2000, 2002). The study will show that body-part metonymies can form chained metonymies and that they often serve as a basis for metaphorical mapping.

While most of the earlier research studies of anglicisms in the Bosnian language focused on anglicisms in terms of the frequency of their use and their influence on the Bosnian language, there was a need for research that would reveal more about the tendency to use anglicisms, i.e. the preference for the use of anglicisms compared to the words from the native language and the readiness of the Bosnian language speakers to use anglicisms in their everyday speech. Younger generations, more precisely high school students who are exposed to the Internet and social media as tools recognized to be the factors facilitating the process of anglicisms dissemination, were seen as possible frequent users of anglicisms who could show a tendency towards the use of anglicisms instead of Bosnian words. Therefore, to test the preference for the use of anglicisms, an online survey was conducted among secondary school native Bosnian speakers. The survey revealed that the secondary school native Bosnian speakers did not prefer to use anglicisms instead of their Bosnian equivalents and that they, on average, didi not use anglicisms very often at all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The purpose of the present study was to determine the dimorphic potential of the frontal sinus (FS) index, area, and the combination of both variables to ascertain its accuracy in sex discrimination among Bosnian, Chinese, and Nepalese. Methods A retrospective study analyzed the digital standardized lateral cephalometric of 654 Bosnian, Chinese, and Nepalese adult patients (116 females, 102 males; age range 17–40 years). The following FS parameters were analyzed: The maximum height, width, and area of the FS, and the ratio of height and width was calculated as the FS index. The measurements were analyzed using logistic regression analysis for the FS index, area, and combined FS index and area. Results Statistically significant differences were observed between the mean values of the FS index and the area between females and males in each population. The highest frequency of bilateral absence of FS was detected among females, specifically in Chinese (6.6%). Logistic regression equation derived from the present study differentiated between sexes with higher classification percentages for the FS index and area with 62.4%, 75.2%, and 78.4% among Bosnian, Chinese, and Nepalese subjects, respectively. Conclusions The results of the present study highlight the implications of the combined FS index and area as a reliable approach in sex estimation in forensic science whenever both the FS structure and lateral cephalometric are available.

Copyright of Social Sciences & Humanities Studies / Društvene i Humanističke Studije (DHS) is the property of Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences, University of Tuzla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Social Sciences & Humanities Studies / Društvene i Humanističke Studije (DHS) is the property of Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences, University of Tuzla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Social Sciences & Humanities Studies / Društvene i Humanističke Studije (DHS) is the property of Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences, University of Tuzla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The purpose of the present study was to determine the dimorphic potential of the frontal sinus (FS) index, area, and the combination of both variables to ascertain its accuracy in sex discrimination among Bosnian, Chinese, and Nepalese. Methods: A retrospective study analyzed the digital standardized lateral cephalometric of 654 Bosnian, Chinese, and Nepalese adult patients (116 females, 102 males; age range 17–40 years). The following FS parameters were analyzed: The maximum height, width, and area of the FS, and the ratio of height and width was calculated as the FS index. The measurements were analyzed using logistic regression analysis for the FS index, area, and combined FS index and area. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed between the mean values of the FS index and the area between females and males in each population. The highest frequency of bilateral absence of FS was detected among females, specifically in Chinese (6.6%). Logistic regression equation derived from the present study differentiated between sexes with higher classification percentages for the FS index and area with 62.4%, 75.2%, and 78.4% among Bosnian, Chinese, and Nepalese subjects, respectively. Conclusions: The results of the present study highlight the implications of the combined FS index and area as a reliable approach in sex estimation in forensic science whenever both the FS structure and lateral cephalometric are available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jezikoslovlje is the property of University of Osijek, Faculty of Philosophy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Military Science Review / Hadtudományi Szemle is the property of National University of Public Service and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of RumeliDE Journal of Language & Literature Research / RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of RumeliDE Uluslararasi Hakemli Dil & Edebiyat Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study explores the abusive use of animal names in reference to people in Bosnian, their level of offensiveness and negative meanings associated with them, as well as potential gender-related differences in regard to these issues. The analysis is based on the results of two online surveys conducted among two groups of Bosnian university students (142 and 61, respectively). Although a total of 39 animal names have been used in reference to male and female targets, most of the respondents (over 70%) used only three for each gender, when asked to think of the most despised male and female person, and to use an animal name in reference to each of them. The results indicate that the most frequently used female-directed animal names are more associated with bad character and less with a lack of manners than those which are male-directed. The results also show different levels of offensiveness of different animal names, which is particularly evident in the case of female-directed ones. Certain statistically significant gender-related differences in the use and perception of animal names as insults have also been noted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores Sarajevo’s microtoponyms as sources for studying its past, culture, and traditions. Generally, microtoponyms, more than other language units (eg., phonemes, morphemes, etc.), are subject to changes that are conditioned by socially-political reasons. The approach taken in the paper is primarily linguistic and based on that, the studied microtoponyms are divided according to the language of origin of the basic word into those of Arabic, Persian, or Turkish. The conducted research also confirms several examples with components of mixed origin and those in which the formative formants are from one of the Oriental languages or the Bosnian language.

Copyright of Pregled is the property of University of Sarajevo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Przeklady Literatur Slowianskich is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Slaskiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Faculty of Philosophy in Sarajevo / Radovi Filozofskog Fakulteta u Sarajevu is the property of Faculty of Philosophy in Sarajevo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Faculty of Philosophy in Sarajevo / Radovi Filozofskog Fakulteta u Sarajevu is the property of Faculty of Philosophy in Sarajevo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Idioms and proverbs are taken an important place in teaching of Turkish to foreigners from B1 level. Proverbs and idioms play a big role in the conceptual skill gain that require abstract thinking. Idioms are the most concrete indicator of a nation's thinking system, emotions and perspective on the world. The meanings attributed to idioms also show how societies make sense of the world. In the study firstly, animal perception in Bosnian and Turkish idioms was tried to be determined. Especially in the idioms where the animal name is mentioned, many similarities have been found. Some animals have similar characteristics, while others have opposite meanings. In Bosnian, horses, donkeys or bulls have negative meanings. Although the donkey has a negative meaning in Turkish, there is no negative meaning attributed to the horse. This shows the importance of horse in Turkish society. Animals such as rat, turkey, rooster, parrot, panther and snail are included in Bosnian idioms and not in Turkish idioms dictionary. In the study firstly, the dictionary of Bosnian idioms was searched, idioms with the name of animals were identified, and then these animal names were searched in the Turkish idioms dictionary. This study is thought to be useful in teaching Turkish to Bosnians. In this study which is a qualitative research, document analysis was used. The data used in the study were obtained from the Bosnian idioms dictionary which was prepared by Şakir Bayhan and Turkish idioms dictionary which was prepared by Ömer Asım Aksoy.

The comparative studies of pronominal forms of address in German and Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian (up to the 1990s Serbo-Croatian) have so far shown the complexity of this linguistic and social phenomenon (Rathmayr 1992; Betsch/Berger 2009; Schlund 2009). The focus of research in this comparative study lies on pronominal forms used to address patients in authentic medical encounters. In this study I consider and compare the forms of address in medical consultations as well as identify their pragmatic use by contrasting the Bosnian and German data. My research draws on interactional data consisting of 44 audiotaped and transcribed conversations between the Bosnian and German doctors and patients. The data was examined and compared by using a qualitative CA data analysis method. The Bosnian data showed that physicians use different forms to address their patients such as: T-pronoun, V-pronoun, and an alternating use of both pronouns to address the same patient within one single conversation (so-called switching). In the German doctor-patient encounters, the use of the T-pronoun or the alternating use of both forms of address was only observed in case of one physician. Unlike the German patients, the Bosnian patients are being addressed in a more informal way, and depending on the context, certain forms of address go beyond expressing politeness and distance. The comparison of data, based on natural institutional interaction, aims to highlight contemporary tendencies and interactive differences in the system of address of these two European languages.

The present study investigated the impact of English as the global language on Bosnian with a particular focus on the use of English words among adult Bosnian speakers. Thus, the survey was administered to 200 participants to get an insight into their preferences for native Bosnian words, foreign English words and adapted English words. The analysis revealed that English has gained a prominent status in Bosnia and Herzegovina, not rarely being preferred over the native structures with a similar or equivalent meaning. Furthermore, filling lexical gaps does not seem to motivate borrowing, but rather a wish to transmit a message of a more modern lifestyle.

Abstract Objective Self-rated health (SRH) is a widely used indictor of the subjective health status in population-based studies. However, differences in the reporting style across ethnic groups may limit the predictive ability of SRH for objective health outcomes. As part of the preparation phase of the UPWEB (understanding the practice and developing the concept of welfare bricolage) project, this study explored ethnic differences in the understanding of self-rated health among persons of Turkish, Bosnian and German origin, living in two northern Germany cities, Bremen and Hamburg. Results Thirty persons, 10 per ethnic group, aged 32–82 years, took part in the assessment based on cognitive interviewing. All three ethnic groups defined SRH as the absence or presence of visible or non-visible disturbances and/or deviations from the norm, the ability or limited ability to act as well as the result of specific behaviours. However, only participants from the two migrant groups referred to community cohesion and religious or traditional beliefs as aspects of their SRH, indicating a systematic difference in the understanding of this question.

The article deals with the older and current meanings of Serbo-Croatian onymes expressing the basic socio-political facts of contemporary Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosanac, Bošnjak, Musliman, Srpska), the meanings of adjectives bosanski and bošnjački and their translation equivalents in Czech. It concludes that, despite the data in older Czech dictionaries, Czech equivalents Bosňan "Bosnian" and Bosňák "Bosniak" cannot currently be understood as synonyms, and the same is true of adjectives bosenský "Bosnian" and bosňácký "Bosniak", Czech equivalents of the respective Serbo-Croatian adjectives. The use of terms related to the difficult socio-political situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina in foreign languages needs to be very cautious.

Copyright of Social Sciences & Humanities Studies / Društvene i Humanističke Studije (DHS) is the property of Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences, University of Tuzla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In a number of publications Alessandro Bausani employed the label 'Islamic/Muslim language' to characterize languages that were profoundly influenced by Arabic and/or Persian. In this paper I investigate the analytical usefulness of such a label from a linguistic perspective. In particular, I deal with loanwords from Arabic and the use of Arabic script for other languages and compare the interaction between religion and language in the Islamic world with that in Jewish languages. I conclude that what Bausani was actually referring to was the deep sense of religio-cultural relationship between speakers of diverse languages who had adopted Islam. Labels such as 'Islamic/Muslim' should therefore be applied to these speakers, rather than to their languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of HUM: Journal of the Faculty of Arts at the University of Mostar is the property of University of Mostar, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Opera Slavica is the property of Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: This study was performed to assess the morphological appearance, incidence of bridging, and linear dimensions of the sella turcica (ST) in Bosnian and Iraqi subjects, and to identify associations of sex, age, and racial group with the size of the ST. Methods: The digital standardised lateral cephalograms of 360 Bosnian and Iraqi patients (116 female, 64 male; age range 8–28 years) were retrospectively analysed. The following ST-related parameters were analysed on the lateral cephalograms: sella morphology, sella bridging, and sella size. The data were correlated with sex, age, and race. Results: The ST exhibited a normal morphology in most subjects of both races (86.7%). The frequency of partial bridging was found in 38.9 and 37.2% of Bosnian and Iraqi subjects, respectively. A significant correlation was detected between the length of the ST and sex in both the Bosnian and Iraqi subjects (p < 0.05). A direct correlation was present between patient age and the size of the ST in both races at the 0.01 and 0.001 levels for depth, length, and diameter. When race was compared with sella size, a significant difference was found in the length and depth of the ST (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Similarities were found between Bosnian and Iraqi subjects in the morphology, incidence of bridging, and linear dimensions of the ST. Length was the only parameter significantly associated with sex, age, and racial group. These findings could be used as reference standards for studying the ST in both races. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Linguistica is the property of Linguistica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Along with the Tanzimat, the restructuring of the language within the context of the Westernization issue and the simplification of it to make people able to understand in every way, is considered as one of the most important cultural issues of Turkish intellectuals.The idea of simplification of the Turkish language and its easier accession to the public within the scope of the New Language Movement initiated by the Genç Kalemler Magazine and those intellectuals gathered around this journal will turn into nationalist ideas in the Ottoman political life and ideas for the language unity and the use of the a common Turkish alphabet for those peoples speaking the same language. Ideas of simplification of the written language in the Tanzimat period were discussed by Bosniaks in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which was part of the Ottoman Empire, and various studies were conducted on this subject.The oral culture products, which were recorded in Bosnia and Herzegovina in a way similar to Ziya Gökalp's through the people principle, led the intellectuals to determine the framework of Bosnian language.The Bosnian intellectuals worked on the reforming of the text language and the Arabic alphabet in order to simplify the Bosnian text language used by the Bosnian people and to preserve the spiritual unity with the Turkish society through the oral culture products written during the period of Austrian-Hungarian rule.This article aims to reveal and provide information about similar reform efforts that enable Bosnians to focus on oral culture in order to simplify language as an element of ethnic belonging and not to break spiritual bond with the geographies that have moral ties in terms of Turkish and Bosniak intellectuals in line with the Westernization objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tuzla Canton, is one of the ten cantons of Bosnia-Herzegovina and their capital city is Tuzla. Tuzla is a city where living Muslims, Catholic Christians, Orthodox Christians, with a smal number of Protestant Christians and Jews. The majority of the population is Muslim. Since the late 15th century, the Muslims is called “Bosnian”. They are similar in many ways with the Turks in terms of beliefs, customs and traditions. Although there are a vast number of bad effects, from 15th century to the present Bosnia Herzegovina’s birth, circumcision, weeding and death traditions maintain with the Islamic framework. Yet, people should not forget that our area of investigation is in Tuzla, Bosnia Herzegovina. In here, Muslims, Bosnians, Catholic Christians, Orthodox Christian Serbian and Croats are living. In addition to these Protestant Christians and Jewish also live in Tuzla and there is a mutual interaction between them in terms of believes.İn this study, will be examined customs and traditions about the death of Bosnian Muslims. The first part includes a consideration of perception of death and previous beliefs of death. And afterwards the moment of death, the washing and and shrouding of the deceased, the burial of the dead, condolence ceremonies, and the mourning and etc. are dealt with topics like.

The focus of this work is to establish the inherent features of the serial genres in television that emerged from literature and discuss their importance and impact on the spectatorship. The rise and development of the serial genres will be discussed along with the growing influence on the society and individuals. How much do the genres of telenovelas and series differ in the context of cultural nuances and what is the genesis of the human urgency in retelling the melodramatic and tragic narratives? Enormous popularity deriving from these stories is reflected in the prime time broadcasting by Croatian, Serbian and Bosnian TV stations since 2002. The essay will explain the ontogenesis of the popularity, reflections and influences on societies and cultures, and features of this hybrid and changing genre of telenovelas and the most recent infatuation with Turkish serials in the TV region of West Balkans.