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Bosmina fatalis (Baird, 1864) Materials examined. Philippines: Luzon: Manila: Kalayaan Creek (14.6900° N, 120.9366° E), coll. DRA Dela Cruz, GAA Viernes, JF Wong, ESP Dela Paz and ML Lopez, June 2016 (UST-ZRC 0097–0098, 2 spec.). Estero de la Reina (14.6011° N, 120.9763° E), coll. DRA Dela Cruz, GAA Viernes, JF Wong, ESP Dela Paz and ML Lopez, June 2016 (UST-ZRC 0099A–0099F, 4 spec.). Marikina River (14.6342° N, 121.0936° E), coll. DRA Dela Cruz, GAA Viernes, JF Wong, ESP Dela Paz and ML Lopez, June 2016 (UST-ZRC 0100A–B, 2 spec.). Short description. The head is large and rectangular in shape, with no clear demarcation between the head and body along the dorsal surface. Head shield is present. The eye is small near the rostrum. The long rostrum is fused with the immobile antennules, with a slight concavity between the 2 parts. The antennules have a characteristic pointed projection along the midline. The postabdominal claw is almost straight with 6 spines and the distal part finely ciliated. Morphological characteristics concur with the descriptions and illustrations of Fernando (1992) and Pascual et al. (2014). Ecological distribution. Bosmina fatalis is widely distributed in lakes, rivers, creeks, and reservoirs. This species is a primary grazer in the freshwater habitats and has a good defensive mechanism (akinesis) against its predator which allows them to live in the pelagic zone despite of its small body size (Rizo et al. 2017)., Published as part of Dela Paz, Erica Silk P., Lopez, Mark Louie D., David, Christian Irvin Harvey A., Dela Cruz, Dave Ryan A., Viernes, Gian Alfonso A., Wong, Jac Fritgerald & Papa, Rey Donne S., 2018, Freshwater microcrustaceans (Cladocera: Anomopoda and Ctenopoda, Copepoda: Cyclopoida and Calanoida) in the highly urbanized Metropolitan Manila area (Luzon, Philippines), pp. 751-762 in Check List 14 (5) on page 753, DOI: 10.15560/14.5.751, {"references":["Pascual JAF, Rizo EZC, Han B, Dumont HJ, Papa RDS (2014) Taxonomy and distribution of four Cladoceran families (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Moinidae, Bosminidae, Chydoridae and Sididae) in Philippine inland waters. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 771 - 794.","Rizo EZC, Gu Y, Papa RDS, Dumont HJ, Han B (2017) Identifying functional groups and ecological roles of tropical ad subtropical freshwater Cladocera in Asia. Hydrobiologia 799 (1): 83 - 99. https // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10750 - 017 - 3199 - y"]}

Bosmina fatalis Burckhardt, 1924 Specimen examined. 12 samples from Lake Taal, Lake Buhi, Laguna de Bay, Lake Lumot-Mahipon and Pantabangan Dam were examined and stored in UST-ZRC with reference numbers 0083–0089, 0094A–0095A and 00134–00136. Description. Body length ranges in 0.4–0.6 mm. Bosmina fatalis has a long rostrum fused with antennules of variable length and shape (Fig. 3B). B. fatalis in the study has an oval shaped front head pore situated at the midpoint between the two frontal setae that conforms to the description of (Fig. 4D) that conforms to the description of Kořínek et al. (1997). A small and round median head pore (MHP) is also located on the dorsal surface of the head which is connected to the cord-like structure that is suggested to be a supraeosophageal ganglion (Kořínek et al., 1997). Long mucro situated at the distal end of the carapace. Setules are observed in the postabdomen with a slightly convex ventral margin and an anal opening at the lateral aspect. The postabdominal claw consists of a row of 6–8 teeth with minute spines continuing ventrally (Fig. 3C). Distribution. Cagayan: Lake Bangalau, Benguet: Ambuklao dam; Nueva Ecija: Pantabangan dam; Tarlac: Lake Tambo; National Capital Region (NCR): Pasig River, Marikina River; Laguna: Lake Palakpakin, Lake Kalibato, Lake Yambo, Lake Tadlak, Lake Caliraya, Lake Lumot-Mahipon; Batangas: Lake Taal; Camarines Sur: Lake Buhi, Lake Bato; Sorsogon: Lake Bulusan; Oriental Mindoro: Lake Naujan; Negros Oriental: Lake Danao, Lake Kabalin-an; Lanao del Norte: Agus IV Dam; Agusan Del Norte: Lake Mainit; South Cotabato: Lake Lahit, Lake Siloton, Lake Sebu; Lanao del Sur: Lake Lanao (Fig. 2). Remarks. B. fatalis collected in the Philippines were compared to the same species sampled in Taihu Lake, China (type locality). The species is reported in East Asian lakes and reservoirs. B. fatalis can also be found from the temperate zone in the north to the subtropical and tropical areas (Japan, Philippines, China and Indonesia) (Fernando, 2002)., Published as part of Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J. & Papa, Rey Donne S., 2014, Taxonomy and distribution of four Cladoceran families (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Moinidae, Bosminidae, Chydoridae and Sididae) in Philippine inland waters, pp. 771-794 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62 on pages 773-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356221, {"references":["Burckhardt G (1924) Wissenschaftlishe Ergebnisse einer Reise um die Erde von M. Pernod und C. Schroter. III. Zooplankton aus ost und sud-asiatischen Binnengewassern. Zeitschrift fur Hydrobiologie, 2: 217 - 242.","Korinek V, Sacherova V & Havel L (1997) Subgeneric differences in head shield and ephippia ultrastructure within the genus Bosmina Baird (Crustacea, Cladocera). Hydrobiologia, 360: 13 - 23.","Fernando CH (2002) A Guide to Tropical Freshwater Zooplankton Identification, Ecology and Impact on Fisheries. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, 291 pp."]}

11. Bosmina (Sinobosmina) fatalis Burckhardt, 1924 Fig. 15 Synonymy. Bosmina fatalis Burckhardt, 1924, p. 235–237, 240 – 241, Figs 10, 1–17 (except var. cyanopotamia); Kořínek 1971, p. 289–292, Figs 9 A–F, 10 A–G; Chiang & Du 1979, p. 170–172, Fig. 112; Mizuno & Takahashi 1991, p. 153–154, Textfig.; Kotov 1997, p. 29; Fig. 3; Tanaka 2000, p. 118–120 Figs 7–9; Kotov et al. 2009, p. 14–17, Figs 6–7. Type locality. Taihu Lake near Shanghai, China (Burckhardt 1924). Locality in Korea. 4 (see Fig. 1 and Table 1). Parthenogenetic female. Body relatively short and wide in lateral view, dorsal margin with a weak depression anterior to brood pouch, posterior margin straight, its height less than half of body height, ventral margin almost straight, with a shallow depression anterior to mucro (Fig. 15 A). Frontal head pore small, located far from ventral margin of head shield (as seen from anterior side) somewhat dorsally to level of antennular sensory setae (Fig. 15 B). Lateral head pore small, ovoid, located in a bifurcation of reticulation near ventral margin of head shield, but not immediately near the margin (Fig. 15 C–D). Labrum a fleshy appendage lacking significant projections, distal labral plate small. Ventral valve margin with a series of stout setae on its anterior portion, base of each located on internal surface of valve, “ seta kurzi ” located on internal side of valve anterior to abovementioned depression near mucro, which is strong, relatively long and lacking any incisions (Fig. 15 E). Series of minute setules at inner side of valve near posterior valve margin. Postabdomen with width approximately equal along all its length, with ventral (although functionally dorsal) margin almost straight (Fig. 15 F). Preanal margin long, slightly convex, with groups of setules distally. Distal (anal) margin truncated, postero-dorsal angle as a projection. Postanal portion as a cylindrical projection bearing paired postabdominal claws. Each claw regularly bent, with two pectens on concave (dorsal) margin; distal pecten consists of short, fine spinules, while proximal pecten consists of 7–9 rather strong and thin teeth. Postabdominal seta shorter than preanal margin. Antenna I fused with rostrum, rather long, its length from tip to tip of rostrum less then 0.5 body lengths. Antennular (frontal) sensory seta located on rostrum. Free section of antenna I (not incorporated into rostrum) consists of a pre-aesthetasc portion, fused with rostrum, and a slightly bent post-aesthetasc portion (Kotov et al. 2009). Both portions supplied with transverse series of fine denticles. Antenna II typical for the genus, six pairs of thoracic limbs as described by Kotov (1997). Size in our material 0.34–0.40 mm. Notes. Kim & Yoon (1987) and Yoon (2010) found only Bosmina longirostris (O. F. Müller, 1776) and B. coregoni Baird, 1857 in Korea. The most common species is Bosmina longirostris (Fig. 16 A–C), belonging to the subgenus Bosmina (Bosmina) Baird, 1845. But in a single locality we found B. fatalis belonging to the subgenus B. (Sinobosmina) Lieder, 1957. It differs in: (1) position of lateral head pore not immediately near the margin of head shield; (2) uniform thin setules in distal pecten on postabdominal claw. Even stronger differences are present between males of the two species (Kotov et al. 2009), but, unfortunately, males of B. (S.) fatalis are unknown from Korea, while males of B. longirostris were described by Yoon (2010). B. (S.) fatalis is common in the eastern half of China, Far East of Russia, Japan, Philippines, Cambodia and Thailand (Chiang & Du 1979; Mizuno & Takahashi 1991; Maiphae et al. 2008; Kotov et al. 2009; Tanaka & Ohtaka 2010), and its presence in Korea was quite expected. This taxon is a Far Eastern endemic., Published as part of Kotov, Alexey A., Jeong, Hyun Gi & Lee, Wonchoel, 2012, Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) of the south-east of the Korean Peninsula, with twenty new records for Korea *, pp. 50-90 in Zootaxa 3368 on pages 69-71, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214313, {"references":["Burckhardt, G. (1924) Wissenschaftlishe Ergebnisse einer Reise um die Erde von M. Pernod und C. Schroter. III. Zooplankton aus ost und sud-asiatischen Binnengewassern. Zeitschrift fur Hydrologie, 2, 217 - 242.","Korinek, V. (1971) Comparative study of head pores in the genus Bosmina Baird (Crustacea, Cladocera). V e stnik c eskoslovenske spole c nosti zoologicke, 35, 275 - 296.","Chiang, S. & Du, N. (1979) Fauna Sinica. Crustacea. Freshwater Cladocera. Science Press, Academia Sinica, Peking, China, 297 pp.","Mizuno, T. & Takahashi, E., eds., 1991. An illustrated guide to freshwater zooplankton in Japan. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, 534 pp. [in Japanese]","Kotov, A. A. (1997) Structure of thoracic limbs of Bosminopsis deitersi Richard, 1895. Hydrobiologia, 360, 25 - 32.","Tanaka, S. (2000) A taxomonic revision of Japanese Bosminidae (Crustacea, Cladocera). Research Report of the Scientific and Cultural Center of Toyama City, 3, 109 - 125. [in Japanese]","Yoon, S. M. & Kim, H. S. (1987) A systematic study on the freshwater Cladocera from Korea. The Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology, 3, 175 - 207. [in Korean]","Yoon, S. M. (2010) Arthropoda: Branchiopoda: Anostraca, Notostraca, Spinicaudata, Laevicaudata, Ctenopoda, Anomopoda, Haplopoda Branchiopods. Invertebrate fauna of Korea, 21 (2), 1 - 156.","Maiphae, S., Pholpunthin, P. & Dumont, H. J. (2008) Taxon richness and biogeography of the Cladocera (Crustacea: Ctenopoda, Anomopoda) of Thailand. Annales de Limnologie, 44, 33 - 43.","Tanaka, S. & Ohtaka, A. (2010) Freshwater Cladocera (Crustacea, Branchiopoda) in Lake Tonle Sap and its adjacent waters in Cambodia. Limnology, 11, 171 - 178."]}