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OHEJP Project METAPRO

OHEJP Project: METAPRO Poster at “32nd European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ECCMID)&rdquo

12 Month PhD Report of the year 2021 of the PhD project METAPRO

OHEJP Project: METAPRO Poster at “31st European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ECCMID)&rdquo

OHEJP Project: METAPRO Short oral presentation at “XXVIII Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Microbiología (SEM)"

OHEJP Project: METAPRO Poster at “One Health EJP Annual Scientific Meeting 2021”. ONLINE, June 2021

Natural rubber still has socioeconomic, environmental and technical importance, despite the production of several synthetic similar polymers in the last 70 years. The Amazon Rainforest, the genetic base of Hevea brasiliensis, harbors a great diversity of ecosystems that can result in differentiated latex and elastomer molecules, from trees of the same species or other species and varieties of laticifer plants. Even so, there is little research to compare latex and rubber properties produced from native trees and planted clones. In this work, rubber latex was collected from four locations in the Amazon, including the historical places of Boim and Belterra and the most cultivated clone in Brazil, the RRIM 600, from a hevea plantation in the Center-West of Brazil. The following colloid properties were determined: pH, viscosity, particle size, dry rubber content, total solids content, gel content, total lipids, and total proteins. The molecular weight and the main physical and mechanical properties of the rubbers were also determined. Some main results can be highlighted: the rubber sample from Acre, in the extreme Western part of the Amazon, presented the highest molecular weight, while the Belterra sample, from remaining plantations of the Ford Project in Amazon, showed the highest values for mechanical properties. On the other hand, the technical characteristics of the RRIM 600 clone are close to the results obtained for the Boim sample, in Para, of the micro-region from where Henry Wickham collected the 70,000 seeds in 1876, from which the species was internationally domesticated. The present work is one of the very few studies to have been carried out with latex and rubber of these ancient rubber trees.

OHEJP Project: METAPRO When taking samples of animal origin, in addition to the information regarding which farm they originate from, and which animals have been sampled, it is imperative that information regarding the conditions in which the animals are housed, and are handled is also obtained. All this information aids the data analysis and allows accurate comparisons to be made between farms. Therefore, we have designed a comprehensive questionnaire in order to collect all the necessary data. The questionnaire is divided into 15 sections and attempts to cover basic farm data as well as data about management, sanitary conditions or antibiotic use. In addition, the questionnaire is provided in both English and Spanish, in order to facilitate the collection of data according to the country where the samples are obtained within the METAPRO project. We consider that this deliverable should be made public in case any member of the One Health EJP consortium or other projects intends to carry out any sampling on farms so that they can use this questionnaire directly or use it as a basis for the creation of one that is closer to their requirements.

Objectives: To investigate the relevance of multicopy plasmids in antimicrobial resistance and assess their mobilization mediated by phage particles Methods: Several databases with complete sequences of plasmids and annotated genes were analysed. The 16S methyltransferase gene armA conferring high-level aminoglycoside resistance was used as a marker in eight different plasmids, from different incompatibility groups, and with differing sizes and plasmid copy numbers. All plasmids were transformed into Escherichia coli bearing one of four different lysogenic phages. Upon induction, encapsidation of armA in phage particles was evaluated using qRT–PCR and Southern blotting. Results: Multicopy plasmids carry a vast set of emerging clinically important antimicrobial resistance genes. However, 60% of these plasmids do not bear mobility (MOB) genes. When carried on these multicopy plasmids, mobilization of a marker gene armA into phage capsids was up to 10000 times more frequent than when it was encoded by a large plasmid with a low copy number. Conclusions: Multicopy plasmids and phages, two major mobile genetic elements (MGE) in bacteria, represent a novel high-efficiency transmission route of antimicrobial resistance genes that deserves further investigation. ARDIG

OHEJP Project: METAPRO Poster at “One Health EJP Annual Scientific Meeting 2020&rdquo

ObjectivesTo investigate the relevance of multicopy plasmids in antimicrobial resistance and assess their mobilization mediated by phage particlesMethodsSeveral databases with complete sequences of plasmids and annotated genes were analysed. The 16S methyltransferase gene armA conferring high-level aminoglycoside resistance was used as a marker in eight different plasmids, from different incompatibility groups, and with differing sizes and plasmid copy numbers. All plasmids were transformed into Escherichia coli bearing one of four different lysogenic phages. Upon induction, encapsidation of armA in phage particles was evaluated using qRT–PCR and Southern blotting.ResultsMulticopy plasmids carry a vast set of emerging clinically important antimicrobial resistance genes. However, 60% of these plasmids do not bear mobility (MOB) genes. When carried on these multicopy plasmids, mobilization of a marker gene armA into phage capsids was up to 10000 times more frequent than when it was encoded by a large plasmid with a low copy number.ConclusionsMulticopy plasmids and phages, two major mobile genetic elements (MGE) in bacteria, represent a novel high-efficiency transmission route of antimicrobial resistance genes that deserves further investigation.

From January 28th to February 10th, 2008 the Italian Society of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Prevention (GICR) conducted a national web-based survey aimed to provide specific and updated information on organization and core components of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) in Italy, and to describe, both in residential and out-patient settings, indications for CR, clinical characteristics of referred patients, risk profile, performed diagnostic procedures, exercise and educational programme, treatments and arrangements for the follow-up [1, 2]. The ISYDE-2008 is a multicenter, longitudinal, prospective observation study whose design was previously described [1, 2].

Performance of the macrophyte Lemna valdiviana in tertiary pig waste treatment and its contribution to the sustainability of swine production. The present study aims to contribute to the sustainability of swine production by evaluating usage of the aquatic macrophyte Lemna valdiviana in the tertiary treatment of pig waste. Five assays (1 to 5) in triplicate were conducted using swine effl uent with different COD(Che mical Oxygen Demand) concentrations: 400, 550, 700, 850 and 1,000 mg.L-1,respectively. The trial lasted for 21 days and the evaluated variables were: (a) pollutant removal effi ciency, (b) biomass production and (c) plant protein content under the different detention times of 7, 14 and 21 days. In general, assays 1 and 2 (CODs of 400 and 550mg.L-1) presented the best removal effi ciencies under a detention time of 21 days. Regarding the purpose of both nutrient removal and production of high protein biomass, assay 3 (COD of 700mg.L-1) showed the bestresults under 14 days’ detention time (36.81% crude protein). It was established that the use of duckweeds in the tertiary swine waste treatment was able to provide a sustainable alternative regarding its advantages such as effl uent polishing, minimization of environmental impact, and production of high protein feed. O presente trabalho visa contribuir com a sustentabilidade da suinocultura, avaliando o desempenho da macrófita aquática Lemna valdiviana no tratamento terciário de efluentes suinícolas. Cinco ensaios (1 a 5) foram realizados em triplicata, utilizando amostras de efluentes de suinocultura com teores iniciais de DQO (Demanda Química de Oxigênio) de 400, 550, 700, 850 e 1.000mg.L-1, respectivamente. O experimento teve duração de 21 dias e as variáveis avaliadas foram: eficiência de remoção da carga poluente, produção de biomassa e teor protéico das plantas, em tempos de detenção de 7, 14 e 21 dias. De maneira geral, os Ensaios 1 e 2 (DQO de 400 e 550mg.L-1) apresentaram as melhores eficiências de remoção no tempo de detenção de 21 dias. Quando se objetiva aliar a remoção de poluentes e a produção de biomassa com alto valor protéico, o ensaio 3 (DQO de 700mg.L-1) em um tempo de retenção de 14 dias apresentou os melhores resultados (teor protéico de 36,81%). A utilização de lemnáceas no tratamento terciário de efluentes de suinocultura se mostra como uma alternativa viável, pois além de tratar o efluente, contribui para a diminuição do impacto ambiental e para o desenvolvi- mento sustentável da atividade, devido à geração de alimento com alto teor protéico.

The present study evaluated Nile tilapia when fed on dried duckweed in combination with commercial feed, aiming at reducing production costs. Three diets, which consisted of commercial feed (40% crude protein),dried duckweed or a combination of commercial feed and dried duckweed were fed to triplicate groups of 20 tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fi ngerlings. Fish weighing 3.2 ± 0.94g were stocked in nine 1-m3 net cages and fed twice a day for 50 days. The fi nal average weights of fi ngerlings fed commercial feed (21.67g) and 50% feed + 50% dried duckweed (19.53g) were not different (p

The present study aims to contribute to the sustainability of swine production by evaluating usage of the aquatic macrophyte Lemna valdiviana in the tertiary treatment of pig waste. Five assays (1 to 5) in triplicate were conducted using swine effluent with different COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) concentrations: 400, 550, 700, 850 and 1,000mg.L-1, respectively. The trial lasted for 21 days and the evaluated variables were: (a) pollutant removal efficiency, (b) biomass production and (c) plant protein content under the different detention times of 7, 14 and 21 days. In general, assays 1 and 2 (CODs of 400 and 550mg.L-1) presented the best removal efficiencies under a detention time of 21 days. Regarding the purpose of both nutrient removal and production of high protein biomass, assay 3 (COD of 700mg.L-1) showed the best results under 14 days’ detention time (36.81% crude protein). It was established that the use of duckweeds in the tertiary swine waste treatment was able to provide a sustainable alternative regarding its advantages such as effluent polishing, minimization of environmental impact, and production of high protein feed.