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2. Wild birds and the ecology of antimicrobial resistance: an approach to monitoring.

Author

Guardia, Tullia, Varriale, Lorena, Minichino, Adriano, Balestrieri, Rosario, Mastronardi, Danila, Russo, Tamara Pasqualina, Dipineto, Ludovico, Fioretti, Alessandro, and Borrelli, Luca

Subjects
DRUG resistance in microorganisms, BIRD ecology, WILDLIFE conservation, DRUG resistance in bacteria, BACTERIAL genes, BIRD populations
Abstract

Tackling the global threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) requires joint efforts according to the principles of the One Health approach. In this context, wildlife, and especially wild birds, are recognized as an important bridge between environment, humans and livestock in perpetuating AMR. Over the last decades, important progress has been made in understanding the role of wild birds as carriers of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria and their genes (ARGs) within ecosystems; however, there are still many knowledge gaps regarding transmission sources and routes. This commentary summarizes studies from recent years focusing on AMR in wild birds, highlighting the most frequently found zoonotic bacteria harboring ARGs and the possible exchange scenarios between humans, livestock, and wild birds. We emphasize the need to standardize and optimize a wild bird monitoring approach for AMR surveillance that includes non‐invasive sampling methods, culture‐independent techniques for identification of ARGs, database integration and implementation, and machine learning technology. This multidisciplinary perspective, which could involve veterinarians, biologists, ornithologists, conservationists, and managers, may represent part of the solution, not only for wildlife conservation but also for global health, considering that the goal is to reverse the route of AMR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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4. Occurrence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Healthy Pet Rabbits.

Author

Russo, Tamara Pasqualina, Borrelli, Luca, Minichino, Adriano, Fioretti, Alessandro, and Dipineto, Ludovico

Subjects
*RABBITS, *DRUG resistance in microorganisms, *STAPHYLOCOCCUS aureus, *MICROCOCCACEAE, *MICROBIAL sensitivity tests, *ANIMAL diseases, *STAPHYLOCOCCUS
Abstract

Background:Staphylococcus aureus is a ubiquitous microorganism and an opportunistic pathogen responsible for numerous diseases in humans and animals, characterized by different clinical pictures with acute or subacute course. S. aureus, due to its great adaptability and versatility in terms of infections and hosts, can be considered a relevant pathogen because of the harmful effects on animal health and its potential for transmission from animals to humans and vice versa. In recent years, a marked increase in multidrug-resistant S. aureus has been reported, posing a serious threat for disease management, food safety, and animal and human health as they limit available therapeutic options. In light of a growing interest of the scientific community for this micro- organism and considering the limited data availability on the prevalence of this pathogen in pet rabbits, the purpose of this research was to evaluate the presence of S. aureus in pet rabbits. Materials and Methods: From November 2021 to December 2022, nasal swabs were collected from 50 pet rabbits from private households in the Campania Region, southern Italy, and underwent analysis for S. aureus detection. Samples were enriched in broth, then inoculated onto nutrient and selective media, including Blood agar base supplemented with 7% sheep blood and Baird-Parker Agar Base, following standard laboratory protocols. Incubations in aerobic conditions at 37°C were performed for 24/48h for colony identification. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for all S. aureus isolates was conducted using the disc diffusion method. Results: Our results reported the presence of S. aureus in 16/50 (32%) rabbits examined, showing high levels of phenotypic resistance to different antibiotics, in particular penicillin 10U (81.2%) and erythromycin 15 μg (62.5%). Conclusion: The study demonstrated that pet rabbits represent a significant reservoir of S. aureus and contributes to the knowledge on the phenotypic antimicrobial resistance of these bacteria in rabbits raised in a domestic environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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6. SARS-CoV-2 Affects Both Humans and Animals: What Is the Potential Transmission Risk? A Literature Review

Author

Santaniello, Antonio, primary, Perruolo, Giuseppe, additional, Cristiano, Serena, additional, Agognon, Ayewa Lawoe, additional, Cabaro, Serena, additional, Amato, Alessia, additional, Dipineto, Ludovico, additional, Borrelli, Luca, additional, Formisano, Pietro, additional, Fioretti, Alessandro, additional, and Oriente, Francesco, additional

Published
2023
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11. Synanthropic Birds and Parasites

Author

Dipineto, Ludovico, Borrelli, Luca, Pepe, Paola, Fioretti, Alessandro, Caputo, Vincenzo, Cringoli, Giuseppe, and Rinaldi, Laura

Published
2013

17. DNA Methylation Profiles of Tph1A and BDNF in Gut and Brain of L. Rhamnosus-Treated Zebrafish

Author

Cuomo, Mariella, primary, Borrelli, Luca, additional, Della Monica, Rosa, additional, Coretti, Lorena, additional, De Riso, Giulia, additional, D’Angelo Lancellotti di Durazzo, Luna, additional, Fioretti, Alessandro, additional, Lembo, Francesca, additional, Dinan, Timothy G., additional, Cryan, John F., additional, Cocozza, Sergio, additional, and Chiariotti, Lorenzo, additional

Published
2021
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21. Flying Outfit for Control of Unsafe Seagulls

Author

Accardo, Domenico, primary, Angrisani, Leopoldo, additional, Borrelli, Luca, additional, D'Arco, Mauro, additional, Di Benedetto, Egidio, additional, Di Pineto, Ludovico, additional, Fasano, Giancarmine, additional, Fioretti, Alessandro, additional, Rufino, Giancarlo, additional, Russo, Tamara, additional, and Tirri, Anna Elena, additional

Published
2020
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22. Diagnosis of Centrocestus formosanus Infection in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) in Italy: A Window to a New Globalization-Derived Invasive Microorganism

Author

Pace, Antonino, primary, Dipineto, Ludovico, additional, Aceto, Serena, additional, Censullo, Maria Concetta, additional, Valoroso, Maria Carmen, additional, Varriale, Lorena, additional, Rinaldi, Laura, additional, Menna, Lucia Francesca, additional, Fioretti, Alessandro, additional, and Borrelli, Luca, additional

Published
2020
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23. Diagnosis of Centrocestus formosanus Infection in Zebrafish (Danio rerio): A Window on a New Globalization-Derived Invasive Parasite

Author

Pace, Antonino, primary, Dipineto, Ludovico, additional, Aceto, Serena, additional, Censullo, Maria Concetta, additional, Valoroso, Maria Carmen, additional, Varriale, Lorena, additional, Rinaldi, Laura, additional, Menna, Lucia Francesca, additional, Fioretti, Alessandro, additional, and Borrelli, Luca, additional

Published
2019
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24. Insect-based diet, a promising nutritional source, modulates gut microbiota composition and SCFAs production in laying hens. [Borrelli L. and Coretti L. co-first authors]

Author

Borrelli, Luca, Coretti, Lorena, Dipineto, Ludovico, Bovera, Fulvia, Menna, Francesca, Chiariotti, Lorenzo, Nizza, Antonino, Lembo, Francesca, Fioretti, Alessandro, Borrelli, Luca, Coretti, Lorena, Dipineto, Ludovico, Bovera, Fulvia, Menna, Francesca, Chiariotti, Lorenzo, Nizza, Antonino, Lembo, Francesca, and Fioretti, Alessandro

Subjects
Multidisciplinary
Abstract

Insects could be potential nutritional sources both for humans and animals. Among these, Hermetia illucens, with good amount of chitin and proteins, represents a suitable diet replacement for laying hens. Little is known about insect diet effects on the microbial ecology of the gastrointestinal tract and bacterial metabolites production. In this study we investigated the effect of H. illucens larvae meal administration on cecal microbiota and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production in laying hens. 16S rDNA sequencing showed strong differences between cecal microbiota of soybean (SD) and insect diet (ID) groups both in type and relative abundance (unweighted and weighted beta diversity) of microbial species. In particular, Bacteroides plebeius, Elusimicrobium minutum, Alkaliphilus transvaalensis, Christensenella minuta, Vallitalea guaymasensis and Flavonifractor plautii represented the principal contributors of changes in gut microbiota composition of ID group (FDR p-values

Published
2017

26. Corrigendum: Gut Microbiota Features in Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Author

Coretti, Lorena, primary, Paparo, Lorella, additional, Riccio, Maria Pia, additional, Amato, Felice, additional, Cuomo, Mariella, additional, Natale, Alessandro, additional, Borrelli, Luca, additional, Corrado, Giuseppina, additional, De Caro, Carmen, additional, Comegna, Marika, additional, Buommino, Elisabetta, additional, Castaldo, Giuseppe, additional, Bravaccio, Carmela, additional, Chiariotti, Lorenzo, additional, Berni Canani, Roberto, additional, and Lembo, Francesca, additional

Published
2019
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27. Gut Microbiota Features in Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Author

Coretti, Lorena, primary, Paparo, Lorella, additional, Riccio, Maria Pia, additional, Amato, Felice, additional, Cuomo, Mariella, additional, Natale, Alessandro, additional, Borrelli, Luca, additional, Corrado, Giusi, additional, De Caro, Carmen, additional, Comegna, Marika, additional, Buommino, Elisabetta, additional, Castaldo, Giuseppe, additional, Bravaccio, Carmela, additional, Chiariotti, Lorenzo, additional, Berni Canani, Roberto, additional, and Lembo, Francesca, additional

Published
2018
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29. CAN PROBIOTICS MODULATE ZEBRAFISH BEHAVIOUR?

Author

BORRELLI, LUCA, FIORETTI, ALESSANDRO, DIPINETO, LUDOVICO, AGNISOLA, CLAUDIO, Leggieri E., Don MacKinlay, Borrelli, Luca, Fioretti, Alessandro, Leggieri, E., Dipineto, Ludovico, and Agnisola, Claudio

Subjects
Behavior, Lactobacillus rhamnosu, Zebrafish
Abstract

A growing body of data supports the hypothesis that probiotics can exert psychotropic effects. Recently, it has been demonstrated that in mice the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus impacts behavior and produces neuroactive substances such as GABA and serotonin, which act on the brain-gut axis. We tested the effects of L. rhamnosus on behavioural and swimming performance in zebrafish (Danio rerio), a well known model organism in translational neuroscience and behavioural research. Adult zebrafish were treated for 28 days with L. rhamnosus, and parameters were measured weekly. Spontaneous activity of fish was evaluated with a video-tracker software, while maximal swimming performance was individually evaluated in a swimming tunnel. Compared with control fishes, treated animals displayed an increase in growth rate and mean spontaneous swimming speed, as well as a change in the shoaling behavior. On the other end, no effect was observed in the maximal swimming speed in a sprint swimming protocol.

Published
2014

30. Prevalenza di Campylobacter spp. in rapaci diurni e notturni

Author

DIPINETO, LUDOVICO, BORRELLI, LUCA, MENNA, LUCIA FRANCESCA, FIORETTI, ALESSANDRO, De Luca Bossa L. M., Russo T. P., Ciccarelli F., Raia P., Santaniello A., SOCIETÀ ITALIANA DI PATOLOGIA AVIARE, Dipineto, Ludovico, De Luca Bossa, L. M., Russo, T. P., Ciccarelli, F., Borrelli, Luca, Raia, P., Santaniello, A., Menna, LUCIA FRANCESCA, and Fioretti, Alessandro

Subjects
Wildlife Rescue and Rehabilitation Center, Campylobacter spp, Diurnal and nocturnal birds of prey, Birds of prey
Abstract

A total of 170 birds of prey admitted to two Wildlife Rescue and Rehabilitation Centers of Italy were examined. Birds were subdivided in diurnal (n=15) and nocturnal (n=7) species, sampled by cloacal swabs and examined for Campylobacter spp. by cultural and molecular methods. Campylobacter spp. was isolated in 43 out of the 170 (25.3%) birds of prey examined. Among these, 43/43 (100%) were identiied as C. jejuni and 10/43 (23.3%) were identiied as C. coli recovered from mixed infections. Diurnal birds of prey showed a signicantly higher prevalence value (P = 0.0006) for Campylobacter spp. than nocturnal birds of prey.

Published
2014

31. Isolamento di Salmonella Infantis in rondoni (Apus apus) nella città di Napoli

Author

DIPINETO, LUDOVICO, BORRELLI, LUCA, MENNA, LUCIA FRANCESCA, FIORETTI, ALESSANDRO, Russo T. P., De Luca Bossa L. M., Caputo V., Gargiulo A., Barco L., SOCIETÀ ITALIANA DI PATOLOGIA AVIARE, Dipineto, Ludovico, Borrelli, Luca, Russo, T. P., De Luca Bossa, L. M., Caputo, V., Gargiulo, A., Barco, L., Menna, LUCIA FRANCESCA, and Fioretti, Alessandro

Subjects
CRIUV, Common swift, Salmonella Infanti
Abstract

Forty common swifts (Apus apus), synanthropic birds living in an urban environment closely with humans and other animals, were hospitalized in the public veterinary hospital of the Regional Reference Center of Urban Veterinary Hygiene located in Naples, Campania Region, Italy. Each bird was sampled for bacteriological analyses. Out of 40 common swifts examined, eight were found positive for Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis although no sign of salmonellosis (e.g. diarrhoea) was shown. Our results suggest this avian species as a novel potential reservoir for one of most important Salmonella serovars.

Published
2014

33. Synanthropic birds and parasites

Author

BORRELLI, LUCA, FIORETTI, ALESSANDRO, GARGIULO, ANTONIO, PEPE, PAOLA, RINALDI, LAURA, DIPINETO, LUDOVICO, Russo TP, Caputo V, Rosato G, Società Italiana di Patologia Aviare, Borrelli, Luca, Fioretti, Alessandro, Russo, Tp, Gargiulo, Antonio, Caputo, V, Rosato, G, Pepe, Paola, Rinaldi, Laura, and Dipineto, Ludovico

Published
2013

34. Pigeons and Geospatial Health

Author

DIPINETO, LUDOVICO, BORRELLI, LUCA, MENNA, LUCIA FRANCESCA, FIORETTI, ALESSANDRO, Gargiulo A., Russo T. P., De Luca Bossa L. M., Musella V., GnosisGIS, Dipineto, Ludovico, Gargiulo, A., Borrelli, Luca, Russo, T. P., Menna, LUCIA FRANCESCA, De Luca Bossa, L. M., Musella, V., and Fioretti, Alessandro

Subjects
Zoonotic bacteria, Urban pigeon, Geographical Information System
Abstract

This study reports the results of a survey aimed at investigating the spatial distribution of Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli O157 and Salmonella spp. from urban pigeons (Columba livia) of the coastal area of the Campania region (southern Italy). A geographical information system (GIS) of the Campania region was constructed utilizing as datalayers the administrative boundaries (at provincial and municipal levels) of the coastal area of the region. As a result, this territory was divided in 60 municipalities, the centroid of each municipality was identified and among all those present into the GIS database municipalities involved by waste crisis (n = 23) and municipalities without waste crisis (n = 37) were identified. Thirty pigeons closest to the centroid in each municipality were trapped and sampled by cloacal swabs for a total of 1,800 pigeons. Samples were analyzed by cultural, PCR and serotyping methods in order to isolate and to identify Campylobacter spp., E. coli O157 and Salmonella spp. Data regarding waste crisis (presence/absence) were analysed by univariate (Pearson’s chi-square test for independence) statistical analysis, using each bacteria’s (C. jejuni , E. coli O157 and Salmonella spp.) status (positive/negative) as dependent variables. The results of the present study showed a prevalence of 48.3% (870/1800), 7.8% (141/1800), and 0.9% (16/1800) for C. jejuni, E. coli O157, and S. Typhimurium, respectively. Pigeons sampled in the municipalities with the waste emergency showed a prevalence of infection significantly higher than that seen in pigeons sampled in the municipalities without the waste emergency. These findings clearly showed that urban pigeons in the coastal area of the Campania region may constitute an environmental reservoir of pathogens representing thus a source of infection for other birds, livestock and humans.

Published
2013

35. THE MICROBIOTA-GUT-BRAIN AXIS. A STUDY IN ZEBRAFISH (DANIO RERIO)

Author

Borrelli, Luca

Abstract

The microbiota is essential in the host's physiology, development, reproduction, immune system, nutrient metabolism, in brain chemistry and behavior. The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the bidirectional gut–brain axis, a communication that integrates the gut and central nervous system (CNS) activities, and thus, the concept of microbiota–gut–brain axis is emerging where the microbes have considered as signaling components in the gut-brain axis. Animal studies reveals, in particular, that gut bacteria influence the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, and behavior specially after probiotic administration. How this alterations in brain chemistry are related to specific behavioral changes is unclear but it will likely be a focus of future research efforts. Among these animal studies, to our knowledge, no studies on the microbiota–gut–brain axis in zebrafish (Danio rerio) have been carried out. We hypothesized that a continuous administration of an exogenous probiotic might also influence the host's behavior and neurochemical gene expression. The purpose of this study was to determine whether probiotic strain can modulate gut commensal bacteria influencing brain neurochemistry and behavior in zebrafish. Thus, we treated adult zebrafish for 28 days with Lactobacillus rhamnosus, a probiotic strain which is one of the main components of the commensal microflora of human intestinal tract and it is widely used as a probiotic in mammals to adult male and female AB wild tipe zebrafish. We established differences between treated with probiotic strain and control group in shoaling behavior pattern, using a Video Tracker software; we quantified brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene expression by using RT-qPCR; we at last analyzed the microbiota profiles within two experimental groups by sing the culture-independent methods such as Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) and Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). The probiotic treated group, compared to the control group, showed a statistically significant near two-fold increase in BDNF gene expression, different shoaling behavioural pattern and a shift in microbiota composition with a significant increase of Firmicutes and a reduction of Proteobacteria. The results of each approach may support the existence of a microbiota–gut–brain axis, in adult zebrafish and in line with numerous animal studies we can speculate that microbiota manipulation could influence behavior and brain expression of BDNF.

Published
2015
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36. Parasitological Findings in synanthropic birds in the city of Naples

Author

BORRELLI, LUCA, DIPINETO, LUDOVICO, FIORETTI, ALESSANDRO, De Luca Bossa, Luigi Maria, CRINGOLI, GIUSEPPE, RINALDI, LAURA, Sensale M., Caputo V., Società Italiana delle Scienze Veterinarie (SISVET), Borrelli, Luca, Dipineto, Ludovico, Fioretti, Alessandro, De Luca Bossa, Luigi Maria, Sensale, M., Caputo, V., Cringoli, Giuseppe, and Rinaldi, Laura

Published
2012

37. The gastrointestinal parasites of rabbits in intensive management farms

Author

Santaniello, Antonio, Santaniello, Mirella, Guariglia, Ida, Borrelli, Luca, Musella, Vincenzo, Tremigliozzi, C, FIORETTI, ALESSANDRO, RINALDI, LAURA, CRINGOLI, GIUSEPPE, Santaniello, Antonio, Santaniello, Mirella, Guariglia, Ida, Borrelli, Luca, Fioretti, Alessandro, Rinaldi, Laura, Musella, Vincenzo, Tremigliozzi, C, and Cringoli, Giuseppe

Published
2009

43. Research Note: Cecal microbiota harbored by free-range chickens may influence the reduction of Helicobacter pullorumrelative abundance

Author

Borrelli, Luca, Varriale, Lorena, Coretti, Lorena, Pace, Antonino, Russo, Tamara Pasqualina, Santaniello, Antonio, Gavazzi, Luigi, Fioretti, Alessandro, and Dipineto, Ludovico

Abstract

Helicobacter pullorumis recognized as an emerging food-borne pathogen that may colonize the intestinal tract and the liver of avian species and humans causing several gastrointestinal and liver diseases. However, not all strains are reported to be capable of causing clinical disease, thus making poultry as reservoir for the zoonotic transmission of the infection through carcass contamination of broilers at slaughter. In poultry, the prevalence of this bacterium could be underestimated and the available data mainly refer to conventional rearing systems, whereas free-range and organic breedings have been poorly investigated. Therefore, this study was aimed to characterize the caecal microbiota community of free-range grown chickens and determine the presence and the relative abundance of H. pullorumby using NGS-based 16S rDNA sequencing. A total of 18 chickens reared for 56 d on a semi-extensive management system were euthanized at two time points: 9 birds at 28 d of age (before have access to outdoor; I = Indoor) and other 9 birds at 56 d of age (before slaughter; O = Outdoor). Cecal contents were collected for microbiota analyses. H. pullorumwas detected in the cecum of 16/18 samples and its proportion in indoor was significantly higher than outdoor chickens (2.46 and 0.52%, respectively; P< 0.05), showing 78.8% of decrease with the outdoor access of the chickens. Therefore, it may be assumed that the potential for zoonotic infection is less likely. Moreover, H. pullorumwas negatively correlated with 17 bacterial species as significantly more abundant in Outdoor microbial caecal communities. Among these, we highlighted the presence of Mucispirillium schaedleriand Oscillospira,already previously associated with a healthy gut and thus representing promising gut bacterial markers for host health. Our findings suggest that alternative production systems with outdoor access, may play a crucial role in the establishment of a healthy gut microbiota, which in turn might prevent colonization of harmful bacteria such as Helicobacter pullorum.

Published
2023
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45. Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 in Farmed Rabbits

Author

Borrelli, Luca, primary, Fioretti, Alessandro, additional, Ruggiero, Valentina, additional, SANTANIELLO, Antonio, additional, CRINGOLI, Giuseppe, additional, RICCI, Antonia, additional, BARCO, Lisa, additional, MENNA, Lucia Francesca, additional, and DIPINETO, Ludovico, additional

Published
2011
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46. Survey of Escherichia coli O157 in Captive Frogs

Author

Dipineto, Ludovico, primary, Gargiulo, Antonio, additional, Russo, Tamara P., additional, De Luca Bossa, Luigi M., additional, Borrelli, Luca, additional, d'Ovidio, Dario, additional, Sensale, Mariangela, additional, Menna, Lucia F., additional, and Fioretti, Alessandro, additional

Published
2010
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49. Survey of Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coliO157:H7 in urban pigeons(Columba livia) in the city of Napoli, Italy

Author

Santaniello, Antonio, primary, Gargiulo, Antonio, additional, Borrelli, Luca, additional, Dipineto, Ludovico, additional, Cuomo, Alessandra, additional, Sensale, Mariangela, additional, Fontanella, Marzia, additional, Calabria, Mariarosaria, additional, Musella, Vincenzo, additional, Francesca Menna, Lucia, additional, and Fioretti, Alessandro, additional

Published
2007
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50. Campylobacter coliinfection in pet birds in southern Italy

Author

Dipineto, Ludovico, Borrelli, Luca, Pace, Antonino, Romano, Violante, D’Orazio, Stefano, Varriale, Lorena, Russo, Tamara, and Fioretti, Alessandro

Abstract

Avian species are considered as the main reservoir of Campylobacterspp. However, few data are available on the presence of this microorganism in pet birds. This study was therefore performed to determine the prevalence of Campylobacterspp. in pet birds bred in southern Italy. Faecal samples were collected from 88 cages housing different species of pet birds and examined by bacteriological culture and polymerase chain reaction. A total of 13.6% of the cage samples were positive for Campylobacter coli. Other Campylobacterspp. were not found. The study shows that C. colican be isolated from the cages of apparently healthy pet birds, which should therefore be considered as potential carriers of C. coliand a possible source of infection for humans and companion animals.

Published
2017
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