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1. A wiggling filamentary jet at the origin of the blazar multi-wavelength behaviour

Author: Raiteri, C. M., Villata, M., Carnerero, M. I., Kurtanidze, S. O., Mirzaqulov, D. O., Benítez, E., Bonnoli, G., Carosati, D., Acosta-Pulido, J. A., Agudo, I., Andreeva, T. S., Apolonio, G., Bachev, R., Borman, G. A., Bozhilov, V., Brown, L. F., Carbonell, W., Casadio, C., Chen, W. P., Damljanovic, G., Ehgamberdiev, S. A., Elsaesser, D., Escudero, J., Feige, M., Fuentes, A., Gabellini, D., Gazeas, K., Giroletti, M., Grishina, T. S., Gupta, A. C., Gurwell, M. A., Hagen-Thorn, V. A., Hamed, G. M., Hiriart, D., Hodges, M., ivanidze, R. Z., Ivanov, D. V., Joner, M. D., Jorstad, S. G., Jovanovic, M. D., Kiehlmann, S., Kimeridze, G. N., Kopatskaya, E. N., Kovalev, Yu. A., Kovalev, Y. Y., Kurtanidze, O. M., Kurtenkov, A., Larionova, E. G., Lessing, A., Lin, H. C., López, J. M., Lorey, C., Ludwig, J., Marchili, N., Marchini, A., Marscher, A. P., Matsumoto, K., Max-Moerbeck, W., Mihov, B., Minev, M., Mingaliev, M. G., Modaressi, A., Morozova, D. A., Mortari, F., Mufakharov, T. V., Myserlis, I., Nikolashvili, M. G., Pearson, T. J., Popkov, A. V., Rahimov, I. A., Readhead, A. C. S., Reinhart, D., Reeves, R., Righini, S., Romanov, F. D., Savchenko, S. S., Semkov, E., Shishkina, E. V., Sigua, L. A., Slavcheva-Mihova, L., Sotnikova, Yu. V., Steineke, R., Stojanovic, M., Strigachev, A., Takey, A., Traianou, E., Troitskaya, Yu. V., Troitskiy, I. S., Tsai, A. L., Valcheva, A., Vasilyev, A. A., Verna, G., Vince, O., Vrontaki, K., Weaver, Z. R., Webb, J., Yuldoshev, Q. X., Zaharieva, E., and Zhovtan, A. V.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Blazars are beamed active galactic nuclei known for their strong multi-wavelength variability on timescales from years down to minutes. We aim to investigate the suitability of the twisting jet model presented in previous works to explain the multi-wavelength behaviour of BL Lacertae, the prototype of one of the blazar classes. According to this model, the jet is inhomogeneous, curved, and twisting, and the long-term variability is due to changes in the Doppler factor due to variations in the orientation of the jet-emitting regions. We analysed optical data of the source obtained during monitoring campaigns organised by the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT) in 2019-2022, together with radio data from the WEBT and other teams, and gamma-ray data from the Fermi satellite. In this period, BL Lacertae underwent an extraordinary activity phase, reaching its historical optical and gamma-ray brightness maxima. The application of the twisting jet model to the source light curves allows us to infer the wiggling motion of the optical, radio, and gamma-ray jet-emitting regions. The optical-radio correlation shows that the changes in the radio viewing angle follow those in the optical viewing angle by about 120 days, and it suggests that the jet is composed of plasma filaments, which is in agreement with some radio high-resolution observations of other sources. The gamma-ray emitting region is found to be co-spatial with the optical one, and the analysis of the gamma-optical correlation is consistent with both the geometric interpretation and a synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) origin of the high-energy photons. We propose a geometric scenario where the jet is made up of a pair of emitting plasma filaments in a sort of double-helix curved rotating structure, whose wiggling motion produces changes in the Doppler beaming and can thus explain the observed multi-wavelength long-term variability., Comment: In press for A&A
Published: 2024

2. A Two-Week $IXPE$ Monitoring Campaign on Mrk 421

Author: Maksym, W. Peter, Liodakis, Ioannis, Saade, M. Lynne, Kim, Dawoon E., Middei, Riccardo, Di Gesu, Laura, Kiehlmann, Sebastian, Matzeu, Gabriele, Agudo, Iván, Marscher, Alan P., Ehlert, Steven R., Jorstad, Svetlana G., Kaaret, Philip, Marshall, Herman L., Pacciani, Luigi, Perri, Matteo, Puccetti, Simonetta, Kouch, Pouya M., Lindfors, Elina, Aceituno, Francisco José, Bonnoli, Giacomo, Casanova, Víctor, Escudero, Juan, Agís-González, Beatriz, Husillos, César, Morcuende, Daniel, Otero-Santos, Jorge, Sota, Alfredo, Piirola, Vilppu, Imazawa, Ryo, Sasada, Mahito, Fukazawa, Yasushi, Kawabata, Koji S., Uemura, Makoto, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, Nakaoka, Tatsuya, Akitaya, Hiroshi, McCall, Callum, Jermak, Helen E., Steele, Iain A., Borman, George A., Grishina, Tatiana S., Hagen-Thorn, Vladimir A., Kopatskaya, Evgenia N., Larionova, Elena G., Morozova, Daria A., Savchenko, Sergey S., Shishkina, Ekaterina V., Troitskiy, Ivan S., Troitskaya, Yulia V., Vasilyev, Andrey A., Zhovtan, Alexey V., Myserlis, Ioannis, Gurwell, Mark, Keating, Garrett, Rao, Ramprasad, Pauley, Colt, Angelakis, Emmanouil, Kraus, Alexander, Berdyugin, Andrei V., Kagitani, Masato, Kravtsov, Vadim, Poutanen, Juri, Sakanoi, Takeshi, Kang, Sincheol, Lee, Sang-Sung, Kim, Sang-Hyun, Cheong, Whee Yeon, Jeong, Hyeon-Woo, Song, Chanwoo, Blinov, Dmitry, Shablovinskaya, Elena, Antonelli, Lucio Angelo, Bachetti, Matteo, Baldini, Luca, Baumgartner, Wayne H., Bellazzini, Ronaldo, Bianchi, Stefano, Bongiorno, Stephen D., Bonino, Raffaella, Brez, Alessandro, Bucciantini, Niccoló, Capitanio, Fiamma, Castellano, Simone, Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, Chen, Chien-Ting, Ciprini, Stefano, Costa, Enrico, De Rosa, Alessandra, Del Monte, Ettore, Di Lalla, Niccoló, Di Marco, Alessandro, Donnarumma, Immacolata, Doroshenko, Victor, Dovčiak, Michal, Enoto, Teruaki, Evangelista, Yuri, Fabiani, Sergio, Ferrazzoli, Riccardo, Garcia, Javier A., Gunji, Shuichi, Hayashida, Kiyoshi, Heyl, Jeremy, Iwakiri, Wataru, Karas, Vladimir, Kislat, Fabian, Kitaguchi, Takao, Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J., Krawczynski, Henric, La Monaca, Fabio, Latronico, Luca, Maldera, Simone, Manfreda, Alberto, Marin, Frédéric, Marinucci, Andrea, Massaro, Francesco, Matt, Giorgio, Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki, Muleri, Fabio, Negro, Michela, Ng, C. -Y., O'Dell, Stephen L., Omodei, Nicola, Oppedisano, Chiara, Papitto, Alessandro, Pavlov, George G., Peirson, Abel Lawrence, Pesce-Rollins, Melissa, Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier, Pilia, Maura, Possenti, Andrea, Ramsey, Brian D., Rankin, John, Ratheesh, Ajay, Roberts, Oliver J., Romani, Roger W., Sgró, Carmelo, Slane, Patrick, Soffitta, Paolo, Spandre, Gloria, Swartz, Douglas A., Tamagawa, Toru, Tavecchio, Fabrizio, Taverna, Roberto, Tawara, Yuzuru, Tennant, Allyn F., Thomas, Nicholas E., Tombesi, Francesco, Trois, Alessio, Tsygankov, Sergey S., Turolla, Roberto, Vink, Jacco, Weisskopf, Martin C., Wu, Kinwah, Xie, Fei, and Zane, Silvia
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: X-ray polarization is a unique new probe of the particle acceleration in astrophysical jets made possible through the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer. Here we report on the first dense X-ray polarization monitoring campaign on the blazar Mrk 421. Our observations were accompanied by an even denser radio and optical polarization campaign. We find significant short-timescale variability in both X-ray polarization degree and angle, including a $\sim90^\circ$ angle rotation about the jet axis. We attribute this to random variations of the magnetic field, consistent with the presence of turbulence but also unlikely to be explained by turbulence alone. At the same time, the degree of lower-energy polarization is significantly lower and shows no more than mild variability. Our campaign provides further evidence for a scenario in which energy-stratified shock-acceleration of relativistic electrons, combined with a turbulent magnetic field, is responsible for optical to X-ray synchrotron emission in blazar jets., Comment: 23 pages, including 8 pages of appendices. 12 figures, 3 tables. Submitted to ApJ
Published: 2024

3. The Method of Searching for Rotations of the Polarization Position Angle of Quasars

Author: Savchenko, S. S., Morozova, D. A., Jorstad, S. G., Blinov, D. A., Borman, G. A., Vasilyev, A. A., Grishina, T. S., Zhovtan, A. V., Kopatskaya, E. N., Larionova, E. G., Troitskiy, I. S., Troitskaya, Yu. V., Shishkina, E. V., and Shkodkina, E. A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Observations of quasars show that the polarization position angle of the emission coming from them varies greatly over time, including periods called rotations during which the angle changes in an orderly manner. The study proposes a method for identifying such events and assessing their statistical significance. The operation of the method is demonstrated using the example of long-term polarimetric observations of the blazars CTA 102, 3C 454.3, and OT 081. During the analysis of light curves, 51 rotations of the polarization position angle were found and it was shown that for CTA 102 and 3C 454.3 the rotations are predominantly oriented in one direction., Comment: 21 pages, 12 figures
Published: 2024
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4. Maurer--Cartan elements in symplectic cohomology from compactifications

Author: Borman, Matthew Strom, Alami, Mohamed El, and Sheridan, Nick
Subjects: Mathematics - Symplectic Geometry, 53D40
Abstract: We prove that under certain conditions, a normal crossings compactification of a Liouville domain determines a Maurer--Cartan element for the $L_\infty$ structure on its symplectic cohomology; and deforming by this element gives the quantum cohomology of the compactification., Comment: 38 pages
Published: 2024

5. An $L_\infty$ structure on symplectic cohomology

Author: Borman, Matthew Strom, Alami, Mohamed El, and Sheridan, Nick
Subjects: Mathematics - Symplectic Geometry, 53D40
Abstract: We construct the $L_\infty$ structure on symplectic cohomology of a Liouville domain, together with an enhancement of the closed--open map to an $L_\infty$ homomorphism from symplectic cochains to Hochschild cochains on the wrapped Fukaya category. Features of our construction are that it respects a modified action filtration (in contrast to Pomerleano--Seidel's construction); it uses a compact telescope model (in contrast to Abouzaid--Groman--Varolgunes' construction); and it is adapted to the purposes of our follow-up work where we construct Maurer--Cartan elements in symplectic cochains which are associated to a normal-crossings compactification of the Liouville domain., Comment: 42 pages
Published: 2024

6. X-ray and multiwavelength polarization of Mrk 501 from 2022 to 2023

Author: Chen, Chien-Ting J., Liodakis, Ioannis, Middei, Riccardo, Kim, Dawoon E., Di Gesu, Laura, Di Marco, Alessandro, Ehlert, Steven R., Errando, Manel, Negro, Michela, Jorstad, Svetlana G., Marscher, Alan P., Wu, Kinwah, Agudo, Iván, Poutanen, Juri, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, Kouch, Pouya M., Lindfors, Elina, Borman, George A., Grishina, Tatiana S., Kopatskaya, Evgenia N., Larionova, Elena G., Morozova, Daria A., Savchenko, Sergey S., Troitsky, Ivan S., Troitskaya, Yulia V., Vasilyev, Andrey A., Zhovtan, Alexey V., Aceituno, Francisco José, Bonnoli, Giacomo, Casanova, Víctor, Escudero, Juan, Agís-González, Beatriz, Husillos, César, Santos, Jorge Otero, Sota, Alfredo, Piirola, Vilppu, Myserlis, Ioannis, Angelakis, Emmanouil, Kraus, Alexander, Gurwell, Mark, Keating, Garrett, Rao, Ramprasad, Kang, Sincheol, Lee, Sang-Sung, Kim, Sang-Hyun, Cheong, Whee Yeon, Jeong, Hyeon-Woo, Song, Chanwoo, Berdyugin, Andrei V., Kagitani, Masato, Kravtsov, Vadim, Nitindala, Anagha P., Sakanoi, Takeshi, Imazawa, Ryo, Sasada, Mahito, Fukazawa, Yasushi, Kawabata, Koji S., Uemura, Makoto, Nakaoka, Tatsuya, Akitaya, Hiroshi, Casadio, Carolina, Sievers, Albrecht, Antonelli, Lucio Angelo, Bachetti, Matteo, Baldini, Luca, Baumgartner, Wayne H., Bellazzini, Ronaldo, Bianchi, Stefano, Bongiorno, Stephen D., Bonino, Raffaella, Brez, Alessandro, Bucciantini, Niccoló, Capitanio, Fiamma, Castellano, Simone, Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, Ciprini, Stefano, Costa, Enrico, De Rosa, Alessandra, Del Monte, Ettore, Di Lalla, Niccoló, Donnarumma, Immacolata, Doroshenko, Victor, Dovčiak, Michal, Enoto, Teruaki, Evangelista, Yuri, Fabiani, Sergio, Ferrazzoli, Riccardo, Garcia, Javier A., Gunji, Shuichi, Hayashida, Kiyoshi, Heyl, Jeremy, Iwakiri, Wataru, Kaaret, Philip, Karas, Vladimir, Kislat, Fabian, Kitaguchi, Takao, Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J., Krawczynski, Henric, La Monaca, Fabio, Latronico, Luca, Maldera, Simone, Manfreda, Alberto, Marin, Frédéric, Marinucci, Andrea, Marshall, Herman L., Massaro, Francesco, Matt, Giorgio, Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki, Muleri, Fabio, Ng, C. -Y., O'Dell, Stephen L., Omodei, Nicola, Oppedisano, Chiara, Papitto, Alessandro, Pavlov, George G., Peirson, Abel Lawrence, Perri, Matteo, Pesce-Rollins, Melissa, Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier, Pilia, Maura, Possenti, Andrea, Puccetti, Simonetta, Ramsey, Brian D., Rankin, John, Ratheesh, Ajay, Roberts, Oliver J., Romani, Roger W., Sgró, Carmelo, Slane, Patrick, Soffitta, Paolo, Spandre, Gloria, Swartz, Douglas A., Tamagawa, Toru, Tavecchio, Fabrizio, Taverna, Roberto, Tawara, Yuzuru, Tennant, Allyn F., Thomas, Nicholas E., Tombesi, Francesco, Trois, Alessio, Tsygankov, Sergey S., Turolla, Roberto, Vink, Jacco, Weisskopf, Martin C., Xie, Fei, and Zane, Silvia
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: We present multiwavelength polarization measurements of the luminous blazar Mrk~501 over a 14-month period. The 2--8 keV X-ray polarization was measured with the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) with six 100-ks observations spanning from 2022 March to 2023 April. Each IXPE observation was accompanied by simultaneous X-ray data from NuSTAR, Swift/XRT, and/or XMM-Newton. Complementary optical-infrared polarization measurements were also available in the B, V, R, I, and J bands, as were radio polarization measurements from 4.85 GHz to 225.5 GHz. Among the first five IXPE observations, we did not find significant variability in the X-ray polarization degree and angle with IXPE. However, the most recent sixth observation found an elevated polarization degree at $>3\sigma$ above the average of the other five observations. The optical and radio measurements show no apparent correlations with the X-ray polarization properties. Throughout the six IXPE observations, the X-ray polarization degree remained higher than, or similar to, the R-band optical polarization degree, which remained higher than the radio value. This is consistent with the energy-stratified shock scenario proposed to explain the first two IXPE observations, in which the polarized X-ray, optical, and radio emission arises from different regions., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Published: 2024

7. Optical variability of the blazar 3C 371: from minute to year timescales

Author: Otero-Santos, J., Raiteri, C. M., Acosta-Pulido, J. A., Carnerero, M. I., Villata, M., Savchenko, S. S., Carosati, D., Chen, W. P., Kurtanidze, S. O., Joner, M. D., Semkov, E., Pursimo, T., Benítez, E., Damljanovic, G., Apolonio, G., Borman, G. A., Bozhilov, V., Galindo-Guil, F. J., Grishina, T. S., Hagen-Thorn, V. A., Hiriart, D., Hsiao, H. Y., Ibryamov, S., Ivanidze, R. Z., Kimeridze, G. N., Kopatskaya, E. N., Kurtanidze, O. M., Larionov, V. M., Larionova, E. G., Larionova, L. V., Minev, M., Morozova, D. A., Nikolashvili, M. G., Ovcharov, E., Sigua, L. A., Stojanovic, M., Troitskiy, I. S., Troitskaya, Yu. V., Tsai, A., Valcheva, A., Vasilyev, A. A., Vince, O., Zaharieva, E., and Zhovtan, A. V.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The BL Lac object 3C 371 has been observed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (\textit{TESS}) for approximately a year, between July 2019 and July 2020, with an unmatched 2-minute observing cadence. In parallel, the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT) Collaboration organized an extensive observing campaign, providing three years of continuous optical monitoring between 2018 and 2020. These datasets allow for a thorough investigation of the variability of the source. The goal of this study is evaluating the optical variability of 3C 371. Taking advantage of the remarkable cadence of \textit{TESS} data, we aim to characterize the intra-day variability (IDV) displayed by the source and identify its shortest variability timescale. With this estimate, constraints on the size of the emitting region and black hole mass can be calculated. Moreover, WEBT data is used to investigate long-term variability (LTV), including understanding spectral behaviour of the source and the polarization variability. Based on the derived characteristics, information on the origin of the variability on different timescales is extracted. We evaluated the variability applying the variability amplitude tool that quantifies how variable the emission is. Moreover, we employed common tools like ANOVA (ANalysis Of VAariance) tests, wavelet and power spectral density (PSD) analyses to characterize the shortest variability timescales present in the emission and the underlying noise affecting the data. Short- and long-term colour behaviours have been evaluated to understand the spectral behaviour of the source. The polarized emission was analyzed, studying its variability and possible rotation patterns of the electric vector position angle (EVPA). Flux distributions of IDV and LTV were also studied with the aim of linking the flux variations to turbulent and/or accretion disc related processes., Comment: Accepted in A&A, 20 pages, 19 figures
Published: 2024
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8. The variability patterns of the TeV blazar PG 1553+113 from a decade of MAGIC and multi-band observations

Author: MAGIC Collaboration, Abe, H., Abe, S., Abhir, J., Acciari, V. A., Agudo, I., Aniello, T., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. Arbet, Arcaro, C., Artero, M., Asano, K., Baack, D., Babić, A., Baquero, A., de Almeida, U. Barres, Batković, I., Baxter, J., González, J. Becerra, Bernardini, E., Bernete, J., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bošnjak, Ž., Burelli, I., Busetto, G., Campoy-Ordaz, A., Carosi, A., Carosi, R., Carretero-Castrillo, M., Castro-Tirado, A. J., Chai, Y., Cifuentes, A., Cikota, S., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Amico, G., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Del Popolo, A., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Mendez, C. Delgado, Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Prester, D. Dominis, Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Emery, G., Escudero, J., Fariña, L., Fattorini, A., Foffano, L., Font, L., Fukami, S., Fukazawa, Y., López, R. J. García, Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Paiva, J. G. Giesbrecht, Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Grau, R., Green, J. G., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Heckmann, L., Herrera, J., Hovatta, T., Hrupec, D., Hütten, M., Imazawa, R., Inada, T., Iotov, R., Ishio, K., Martínez, I. Jiménez, Jormanainen, J., Kerszberg, D., Kluge, G. W., Kobayashi, Y., Kouch, P. M., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lezáun, M. Láinez, Lamastra, A., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Liodakis, I., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López-Moya, M., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Lorini, A., Fraga, B. Machado de Oliveira, Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Mang, N., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Martínez-Chicharro, M., Mas-Aguilar, A., Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Mender, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., González, M. Molero, Molina, E., Mondal, H. A., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Nakamori, T., Nanci, C., Neustroev, V., Nigro, C., Nikolić, L., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Ekoume, T. Njoh, Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Okumura, A., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavlović, D., Persic, M., Pihet, M., Pirola, G., Podobnik, F., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Principe, G., Priyadarshi, C., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Saturni, F. G., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schmuckermaier, F., Schubert, J. L., Schweizer, T., Sciaccaluga, A., Sitarek, J., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strišković, J., Strom, D., Suda, Y., Suutarinen, S., Tajima, H., Takeishi, R., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terauchi, K., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Tosti, L., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., Ubach, S., van Scherpenberg, J., Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Viale, I., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Walter, R., Wunderlich, C., Yamamoto, T., collaborators, MWL, Jermak, H., Steele, I. A., Smith, P. S., Blinov, D., Raiteri, C. M., Villata, M., Mirzaqulov, D. O., Kurtanidze, S. O., Carosati, D., Savchenko, S. S., Acosta-Pulido, J. A., Borman, G. A., Bozhilov, V., Carnerero, M. I., Chigladze, R. A., Damljanovic, G., Ehgamberdiev, S. A., Feige, M., Grishina, T. S., Gupta, A. C., Hagen-Thorn, V. A., Ibryamov, S., Ivanidze, R. Z., Jorstad, S. G., Kania, J., Kimeridze, G. N., Kopatskaya, E. N., Kopp, M., Kunkel, L., Kurtanidze, O. M., Larionov, V. M., Larionova, E. G., Larionova, L. V., Lorey, C., Marchini, A., Marscher, A. P., Minev, M., Morozova, D. A., Nikolashvili, M. G., Ovcharov, E., Reinhart, D., Sadun, A. C., Scherbantin, A., Schneider, L., Semkov, E., Sigua, L. A., Steineke, R., Troitskaya, Yu. V., Troitskiy, I. S., Valcheva, A., Vasilyev, A. A., Vince, O., Zaharieva, E., Zottmann, N., Kiehlmann, S., Readhead, A., Max-Moerbeck, W., Reeves, R. A., Sandrinelli, A., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Giroletti, M., Righini, S., Marchili, N., Patricelli, B., Ghirlanda, G., and Lico, R.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: PG 1553+113 is one of the few blazars with a convincing quasi-periodic emission in the gamma-ray band. The source is also a very high-energy (VHE; >100 GeV) gamma-ray emitter. To better understand its properties and identify the underlying physical processes driving its variability, the MAGIC Collaboration initiated a multiyear, multiwavelength monitoring campaign in 2015 involving the OVRO 40-m and Medicina radio telescopes, REM, KVA, and the MAGIC telescopes, Swift and Fermi satellites, and the WEBT network. The analysis presented in this paper uses data until 2017 and focuses on the characterization of the variability. The gamma-ray data show a (hint of a) periodic signal compatible with literature, but the X-ray and VHE gamma-ray data do not show statistical evidence for a periodic signal. In other bands, the data are compatible with the gamma-ray period, but with a relatively high p-value. The complex connection between the low and high-energy emission and the non-monochromatic modulation and changes in flux suggests that a simple one-zone model is unable to explain all the variability. Instead, a model including a periodic component along with multiple emission zones is required., Comment: Accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 19 pages, 9 figures. Corresponding authors: Elisa Prandini, Antonio Stamerra, Talvikki Hovatta
Published: 2024
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9. The pathobiology of human fungal infections

Author: Brown, Gordon D., Ballou, Elizabeth R., Bates, Steven, Bignell, Elaine M., Borman, Andrew M., Brand, Alexandra C., Brown, Alistair J. P., Coelho, Carolina, Cook, Peter C., Farrer, Rhys A., Govender, Nelesh P., Gow, Neil A. R., Hope, William, Hoving, J. Claire, Dangarembizi, Rachael, Harrison, Thomas S., Johnson, Elizabeth M., Mukaremera, Liliane, Ramsdale, Mark, Thornton, Christopher R., Usher, Jane, Warris, Adilia, and Wilson, Duncan
Published: 2024
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10. The yeast genus Tardiomyces gen. nov. with one new species and two new combinations

Author: Spruijtenburg, Bram, de Souza Lima, Bruna Jacomel Favoreto, Tosar, Sonia T. Granadillo, Borman, Andrew M., Andersen, Cecilie Torp, Nizamuddin, Summiya, Ahmad, Suhail, de Almeida Junior, João Nobrega, Vicente, Vânia Aparecida, Nosanchuk, Joshua D., Buil, Jochem B., de Hoog, Sybren, Meijer, Eelco F. J., Meis, Jacques F., and de Groot, Theun
Published: 2024
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11. Consistent algorithms for multi-label classification with macro-at-$k$ metrics

Author: Schultheis, Erik, Kotłowski, Wojciech, Wydmuch, Marek, Babbar, Rohit, Borman, Strom, and Dembczyński, Krzysztof
Subjects: Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract: We consider the optimization of complex performance metrics in multi-label classification under the population utility framework. We mainly focus on metrics linearly decomposable into a sum of binary classification utilities applied separately to each label with an additional requirement of exactly $k$ labels predicted for each instance. These "macro-at-$k$" metrics possess desired properties for extreme classification problems with long tail labels. Unfortunately, the at-$k$ constraint couples the otherwise independent binary classification tasks, leading to a much more challenging optimization problem than standard macro-averages. We provide a statistical framework to study this problem, prove the existence and the form of the optimal classifier, and propose a statistically consistent and practical learning algorithm based on the Frank-Wolfe method. Interestingly, our main results concern even more general metrics being non-linear functions of label-wise confusion matrices. Empirical results provide evidence for the competitive performance of the proposed approach., Comment: This is the authors' version of the work accepted to ICLR 2024; the final version of the paper, errors and typos corrected, and minor modifications to improve clarity
Published: 2024

12. Conservation and Care: Cofán Lessons for Stewarding Abundance in Amazonia

Author: Esbach, Michael S., Lu, Flora, Silva, Néstor L., and Quenama, Felipe Borman
Published: 2024
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13. A transversal reconceptualization of entrepreneurship education: applying insights from the lean social launch framework to the entrepreneurial university

Author: Borman, Bailey, Dalal, Medha, Hayter, Christopher S., and Maroulis, Spiro
Published: 2024
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14. Optical circular polarization of blazar S4 0954+65 during high linear polarized states

Author: Liodakis, I., Shablovinskaya, E., Blinov, D., Savchenko, S. S., Malygin, E., Kotov, S., Kiehlmann, S., Readhead, A. C. S., Potter, S. B., Rieger, F. M., Grishina, T. S., Hagen-Thorn, V. A., Kopatskaya, E. N., Larionova, E. G., Morozova, D. A., Troitskiy, I. S., Troitskaya, Y. V., Vasilyev, A. A., Zhovtan, A. V., and Borman, G. A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Optical circular polarization observations can directly test the particle composition in black holes jets. Here we report on the first observations of the BL Lac type object S4 0954+65 in high linear polarized states. While no circular polarization was detected, we were able to place upper limits of <0.5% at the 99.7% confidence. Using a simple model and our novel optical circular polarization observations we can constrain the allowed parameter space for the magnetic field strength and composition of the emitting particles. Our results favor models that require magnetic field strengths of only a few Gauss and models where the jet composition is dominated by electron-positron pairs. We discuss our findings in the context of typical magnetic field strength requirements for blazar emission models., Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, 1 table, accepted for publication in A&A letters
Published: 2023

15. Quasi-simultaneous Optical Flux and Polarization Variability of the Binary Super Massive Black Hole Blazar OJ 287 from 2015 to 2023: Detection of an Anticorrelation in Flux and Polarization Variability

Author: Gupta, Alok C., Kushwaha, Pankaj, Valtonen, Mauri J., Savchenko, Sergey S., Jorstad, Svetlana G., Imazawa, Ryo, Wiita, Paul J., Gu, Minfeng, Marscher, Alan P., Zhang, Zhongli, Bachev, Rumen, Borman, G. A., Gaur, Haritma, Grishina, T. S., Hagen-Thorn, V. A., Kopatskaya, E. N., Larionov, V. M., Larionova, E. G., Larionova, L. V., Morozova, D. A., Nakaoka, T., Strigachev, A., Troitskaya, Yulia V., Troitsky, I. S., Uemura, M., Vasilyev, A. A., Weaver, Z. R., and Zhovtan, A. V.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We study the optical flux and polarization variability of the binary black hole blazar OJ 287 using quasi-simultaneous observations from 2015 to 2023 carried out using telescopes in the USA, Japan, Russia, Crimea, and Bulgaria. This is one of the most extensive quasi-simultaneous optical flux and polarization variability studies of OJ 287. OJ 287 showed large amplitude, ~3.0 mag flux variability, large changes of ~37% in degree of polarization, and a large swing of ~215 degrees in the angle of the electric vector of polarization. During the period of observation, several flares in flux were detected. Those flares are correlated with a rapid increase in the degree of polarization and swings in electric vector of polarization angle. A peculiar behavior of anticorrelation between flux and polarization degree, accompanied by a nearly constant polarization angle, was detected from JD 2,458,156 to JD 2,458,292. We briefly discuss some explanations for the flux and polarization variations observed in OJ 287., Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, Published in Astrophysical Journal Letters, 2023 November 1
Published: 2023
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16. The Repeating Flaring Activity of Blazar AO 0235+164

Author: Pedrosa, Juan Escudero, Agudo, Iván, Tramacere, Andrea, Marscher, Alan P., Jorstad, Svetlana, Weaver, Z. R., Casadio, Carolina, Thum, Clemens, Myserlis, Ioannis, Fuentes, Antonio, Traianou, Efthalia, Kim, Jae-Young, Kramer, Joana, López-Coto, Rubén, D'Ammando, Filippo, Bernardos, M., Bonnoli, Giacomo, Blinov, Dmitriy A., Borman, G. A., Grishina, T. S., Hagen-Thorn, V. A., Kopatskaya, E. N., Larionova, E. G., Larionov, V. M., Larionova, L. V., Morozova, D. A., Savchenko, S. S., Troitskiy, I. S., Troitskaya, Y. V., and Vasilyev, A. A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Context. Blazar AO 0235+164, located at redshift z = 0.94, has undergone several sharp multi-spectral-range flaring episodes during the last decades. In particular, the episodes peaking in 2008 and 2015, that received extensive multi-wavelength coverage, exhibited interesting behavior. Aims. We study the actual origin of these two observed flares by constraining the properties of the observed photo-polarimetric variability, those of the broad-band spectral energy-distribution and the observed time-evolution behavior of the source as seen by ultra-high resolution total-flux and polarimetric Very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) imaging. Methods. The analysis of VLBI images allows us to constrain kinematic and geometrical parameters of the 7 mm jet. We use the Discrete Correlation Function to compute the statistical correlation and the delays between emission at different spectral ranges. Multi-epoch modeling of the spectral energy distributions allows us to propose specific models of emission; in particular for the unusual spectral features observed in this source in the X-ray region of the spectrum during strong multi spectral-range flares. Results. We find that these X-ray spectral features can be explained by an emission component originating in a separate particle distribution than the one responsible for the two standard blazar bumps. This is in agreement with the results of our correlation analysis that do not find a strong correlation between the X-rays and the remaining spectral ranges. We find that both external Compton dominated and synchrotron self-Compton dominated models can explain the observed spectral energy distributions. However, synchrotron self-Compton models are strongly favored by the delays and geometrical parameters inferred from the observations.
Published: 2023
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17. Observations of Low and Intermediate Spectral Peak Blazars with the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer

Author: Marshall, Herman L., Liodakis, Ioannis, Marscher, Alan P., Di Lalla, Niccolo, Jorstad, Svetlana G., Kim, Dawoon E., Middei, Riccardo, Negro, Michela, Omodei, Nicola, Peirson, Abel L., Perri, Matteo, Puccetti, Simonetta, Agudo, Ivan, Bonnoli, Giacomo, Berdyugin, Andrei V., Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, Cavero, Nicole Rodriguez, Donnarumma, Immacolata, Di Gesu, Laura, Jormanainen, Jenni, Krawczynski, Henric, Lindfors, Elina, Marin, Frederic, Massaro, Francesco, Pacciani, Luigi, Poutanen, Juri, Tavecchio, Fabrizio, Kouch, Pouya M., Aceituno, Francisco Jose, Bernardos, Maria I., Casanova, Victor, Garcia-Comas, Maya, Agis-Gonzalez, Beatriz, Husillos, Cesar, Marchini, Alessandro, Sota, Alfredo, Blinov, Dmitry, Bourbah, Ioakeim G., Kielhmann, Sebastian, Kontopodis, Evangelos, Mandarakas, Nikos, Romanopoulos, Stylianos, Skalidis, Raphael, Vervelaki, Anna, Borman, George A., Kopatskaya, Evgenia N., Larionova, Elena G., Morozova, Daria A., Savchenko, Sergey S., Vasilyev, Andrey A., Zhovtan, Alexey V., Casadio, Carolina, Escudero, Juan, Kramer, Joana, Myserlis, Ioannis, Trainou, Efthalia, Imazawa, Ryo, Sasada, Mahito, Fukazawa, Yasushi, Kawabata, Koji S., Uemura, Makoto, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, Nakaoka, Tatsuya, Akitaya, Hiroshi, Masiero, Joseph R., Mawet, Dimitri, Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell A., Panopoulou, Georgia V., Tinyanont, Samaporn, Kagitani, Masato, Kravtsov, Vadim, Sakanoi, Takeshi, Antonelli, Lucio A., Bachetti, Matteo, Baldini, Luca, Baumgartner, Wayne H., Bellazzini, Ronaldo, Bianchi, Stefano, Bongiorno, Stephen D., Bonino, Raffaella, Brez, Alessandro, Bucciantini, Niccolo, Capitanio, Fiamma, Castellano, Simone, Chen, Chen-Ting, Ciprini, Stefano, Costa, Enrico, De Rosa, Alessandra, Del Monte, Ettore, Di Marco, Alessandro, Doroshenko, Victor, Dovvciak, Michal, Ehlert, Steven R., Enoto, Teruaki, Evangelista, Yuri, Fabiani, Sergio, Ferrazzoli, Riccardo, Garcia, Javier A., Gunji, Shuichi, Hayashida, Kiyoshi, Heyl, Jeremy, Iwakiri, Wataru, Kaaret, Philip, Karas, Vladimir, Kislat, Fabian, Kitaguchi, Takao, Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J., La Monaca, Fabio, Latronico, Luca, Maldera, Simone, Manfreda, Alberto, Marinucci, Andrea, Matt, Giorgio, Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki, Muleri, Fabio, Ng, C. -Y., ODell, Stephen L., Oppedisano, Chiara, Papitto, Alessandro, Pavlov, George G., Pesce-Rollins, Melissa, Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier, Pilia, Maura, Possenti, Andrea, Ramsey, Brian D., Rankin, John, Ratheesh, Ajay, Roberts, Oliver J., Romani, Roger W., Sgro, Carmelo, Slane, Patrick, Soffitta, Paolo, Spandre, Gloria, Swartz, Douglas A., Tamagawa, Toru, Taverna, Roberto, Tawara, Yuzuru, Tennant, Allyn F., Thomas, Nicholas E., Tombesi, Francesco, Trois, Alessio, Tsygankov, Sergey S., Turolla, Roberto, Vink, Jacco, Weisskopf, Martin C., Wu, Kinwah, Xie, Fei, and Zane, Silvia
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We present X-ray polarimetry observations from the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) of three low spectral peak and one intermediate spectral peak blazars, namely 3C 273, 3C 279, 3C 454.3, and S5 0716+714. For none of these objects was IXPE able to detect X-ray polarization at the 3$\sigma$ level. However, we placed upper limits on the polarization degree at $\sim$10-30\%. The undetected polarizations favor models where the X-ray band is dominated by unpolarized photons upscattered by relativistic electrons in the jets of blazars, although hadronic models are not completely eliminated. We discuss the X-ray polarization upper limits in the context of our contemporaneous multiwavelength polarization campaigns., Comment: 19 pages, 10 figures, 6 tables; submitted to the Astrophysical Journal
Published: 2023

18. Extreme photometric and polarimetric variability of blazar S4 0954+65 at its maximum optical and $\gamma$-ray brightness levels

Author: Raiteri, C. M., Villata, M., Carnerero, M. I., Savchenko, S. S., Kurtanidze, S. O., Vlasyuk, V. V., Marchini, A., Matsumoto, K., Lorey, C., Joner, M. D., Gazeas, K., Carosati, D., Mirzaqulov, D. O., Pulido, J. A. Acosta, Agudo, I., Bachev, R., Benítez, E., Borman, G. A., Calcidese, P., Chen, W. P., Damljanovic, G., Ehgamberdiev, S. A., Elsässer, D., Feige, M., Frasca, A., Gaur, H., Grishina, T. S., Gupta, A. C., Hiriart, D., Holland, M., Horst, B., Ibryamov, S., Ivanidze, R. Z., Jensen, J., Jithesh, V., Jovanovic, M. D., Kiehlmann, S., Kimeridze, G. N., Kishore, S., Kopatskaya, E. N., Kurtanidze, O. M., Larionova, E. G., Lin, H. C., Mannheim, K., Marinelli, C., Reyes, J. Moreira, Morozova, D. A., Nikolashvili, M. G., Reinhart, D., Romanov, F. D., Semkov, E., Seufert, J., Shishkina, E. V., Sigua, L. A., Skalidis, R., Spiridonova, O. I., Stojanovic, M., Strigachev, A., Troitskaya, Y. V., Troitskiy, I. S., Tsai, A., Vasilyev, A. A., Vince, O., Vrontaki, K., Wani, K., Watts, D., and Zhovtan, A. V.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: In 2022 the BL Lac object S4 0954+65 underwent a major variability phase, reaching its historical maximum brightness in the optical and $\gamma$-ray bands. We present optical photometric and polarimetric data acquired by the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT) Collaboration from 2022 April 6 to July 6. Many episodes of unprecedented fast variability were detected, implying an upper limit to the size of the emitting region as low as $10^{-4}$ parsec. The WEBT data show rapid variability in both the degree and angle of polarization. We analyse different models to explain the polarization behaviour in the framework of a twisting jet model, which assumes that the long-term trend of the flux is produced by variations in the emitting region viewing angle. All the models can reproduce the average trend of the polarization degree, and can account for its general anticorrelation with the flux, but the dispersion of the data requires the presence of intrinsic mechanisms, such as turbulence, shocks, or magnetic reconnection. The WEBT optical data are compared to $\gamma$-ray data from the Fermi satellite. These are analysed with both fixed and adaptive binning procedures. We show that the strong correlation between optical and $\gamma$-ray data without measurable delay assumes different slopes in faint and high brightness states, and this is compatible with a scenario where in faint states we mainly see the imprint of the geometrical effects, while in bright states the synchrotron self-Compton process dominates., Comment: 12 pages, 13 figures, in press for MNRAS
Published: 2023

19. Conservation and Care: Cofán Lessons for Stewarding Abundance in Amazonia

Author: Esbach, Michael S, Lu, Flora, Silva, Néstor L, and Quenama, Felipe Borman
Subjects: Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation, Environmental Sciences, Human Society, Generic health relevance, Life on Land, Amazon, care, conservation, commensurability, Cof & aacute, n, Indigenous people, Anthropology, Ecology, Environmental management
Published: 2024

20. Genomic epidemiology describes introduction and outbreaks of antifungal drug-resistant Candida auris

Author: Dana Kappel, Hugh Gifford, Amelie Brackin, Alireza Abdolrasouli, David W. Eyre, Katie Jeffery, Silke Schlenz, David M. Aanensen, Colin S. Brown, Andrew Borman, Elizabeth Johnson, Alison Holmes, Darius Armstrong-James, Matthew C. Fisher, and Johanna Rhodes
Subjects: Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract: Abstract Candida auris is a globally emerged fungal pathogen causing nosocomial invasive infections. Here, we use cutting-edge genomic approaches to elucidate the temporal and geographic epidemiology of drug-resistant C. auris within the UK. We analysed a representative sample of over 200 isolates from multiple UK hospitals to assess the number and timings of C. auris introductions and infer subsequent patterns of inter- and intra-hospital transmission of azole drug-resistant isolates. We identify at least one introduction from Clade I and two from Clade III into the UK, and observe temporal and geographical evidence for multiple transmission events of antifungal drug resistant isolates between hospitals and identified local within-hospital patient-to-patient transmission events. Our study confirms outbreaks of drug-resistant C. auris are linked and that transmission amongst patients occurs, explaining local hospital outbreaks, and demonstrating a need for improved epidemiological surveillance of C. auris to protect patients and healthcare services.
Published: 2024
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21. The Effect of Complex Decongestive Therapy on Sleep Quality and Quality of Life in Patients with Secondary Lymphedema After Cancer Surgery

Author: Cansu Şahbaz Pirinççi, Mustafa Ertuğrul Yaşa, Elif Esen Özdemir, Meltem Dalyan, and Pınar Borman
Subjects: lymphedema, complex decongestive therapy, sleep, quality of life, Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Objective: It has been frequently observed that patients with lymphedema experience problems that impair quality of life (QoL), such as pain, edema and sleep disturbances. The positive effects of complex decongestive therapy (CDT) on pain, extremity volume and QoL have been reported in the literature. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects on sleep quality, pain, extremity volume, and QoL of the first phase of CDT applied to patients who developed lymphedema after cancer surgery. Materials and Methods: The study included a total of 48 female patients with unilateral lymphedema (23 breast cancer and 25 urogynaecological cancer) who developed upper or lower extremity lymphedema after cancer surgery. The patients were questioned about QoL, pain, extremity volume, medical history, and demographic data before starting treatment. Then CDT was applied five days a week for three weeks, as a total of 15 sessions, after which the patients were re-evaluated. Pain severity was evaluated using a visual analog scale, sleep quality with the Pittsburgh sleep quality index, QoL with the lymphedema QoL questionnaire, and extremity volume was measured and calculated using the Frustum formula. Results: A significant improvement was detected in pain (p
Published: 2024
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22. Effect of National Board Certified Teachers on Students' Social-Emotional Competencies. Working Paper

Author: American Institutes for Research (AIR), Gnedko-Berry, Natalya, Borman, Trisha, Park, So Jung, Durow, Jen, Ozuzu, Oluchi, and Sejdijaj, Agnesa
Abstract: The study examined the effect of National Board Certified Teachers (NBCTs) on social-emotional competencies of fifth and sixth graders in the 2018-19 academic year in Spokane, Washington. The study used archival data and quasi-experimental design with matching to compare social-emotional competencies of students taught by NBCTs and students taught by non-NBCTs. The study examined 10 social-emotional competencies. The results suggest that NBCTs are significantly more effective than non-NBCTs at facilitating students' self-efficacy approximately 2 months after the start of the school year (effect size = 0.21). Results for self-management are in the same direction (effect size = 0.10), however not statistically significant. Findings for the remaining eight social-emotional competencies are not statistically significant, and the effect sizes are small. The results also suggest that NBCTs are effective at developing social-emotional competencies for students who are native English speakers for two social-emotional measures: self-efficacy (effect size = 0.23) and social awareness (effect size = 0.16). The study is the first attempt to rigorously examine the effect of NBCTs on students' social-emotional competencies. Although the evidence is encouraging, additional rigorous research is needed to make confident conclusions, particularly for students who are English language learners and from different racial/ethnic subgroups because of the small number of these students in the current study. [This study was funded by the Supporting Effective Educator Development Grant.]
Published: 2022

23. The District-Wide Effectiveness of the Achieve3000 Program: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Author: Geoffrey D. Borman, Hyunwoo Yang, R. Lennon Audrain, and So Jung Park
Abstract: Drawing on state reading achievement data provided by a California school district, we analyze the achievement impacts of Achieve3000, an intervention designed to offer K-12 students expanded opportunities to acquire literacy skills. Achieve3000 is a personalized, technology-adaptive program to supplement regular instruction in English language arts, science, and social studies. We apply propensity score matching methods to match 1,761 participating Achieve3000 students to 945 similar students to estimate the effects of the Achieve3000 intervention. Applying a doubly-robust regression model, our results suggest that Achieve3000 students outperformed comparison students by a mean effect size of 0.06. Further, two-stage least squares regression models reveal that treatment students' scores increased statistically significantly by 0.001 standard deviations for both each activity completed and for each additional hour of Achieve3000 participation. Despite some problems of implementation, our quasi-experimental evidence of the positive impacts of Achieve3000 suggests a possibly promising way to overcome COVID-19 learning losses through computer-based, one-on-one tutoring at scale.
Published: 2024
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24. Pitching, Entrepreneurial Culture: An Organizational Ethnography of Curricular and Co-Curricular Social Entrepreneurship Pitch Competitions

Author: Bailey J. Borman
Abstract: In this study, I explore a 20-plus-year process of how one research-intensive university in the United States integrated entrepreneurship into a university-wide initiative to develop an entrepreneurial culture. This research study focuses on the process of how entrepreneurial culture was developed through the implementation of three social entrepreneurship pitch competitions. I designed and implemented this study using organizational and critical ethnography methodologies. Organizational ethnography is a qualitative research approach that immerses the researcher in the natural context of an organization to understand its social dynamics, cultural practices, and lived experiences. Critical ethnography is an interpretive research methodology that aims to uncover power dynamics, social inequalities, and injustices within organizations by examining the underlying structures that shape individuals' experiences and interactions. I used qualitative research methods to understand the everyday work and activity that shaped the experience of entrepreneurial culture through textual document analysis, observations, and interviews with students, faculty, and staff. My work was guided by the following research question: How do faculty, staff, administration, and students create entrepreneurial culture through the production of social entrepreneurship education at a research-intensive university? Through this analysis, I discuss how pitch competitions serve as a prominent ritual and routine of entrepreneurship education at Startup U, in most cases fostering existing entrepreneurial self-efficacy. However, a disconnect exists between faculty intentions for developing an entrepreneurial mindset and the organizational structures supporting student learning, with pitch competitions outside the classroom often emphasizing high-tech, high-growth ventures, potentially excluding ideas developed from Startup U's broad operating definition of entrepreneurship. These findings highlight the influence of philanthropic giving on student opportunities within the university's entrepreneurship ecosystem and how 'training unicorns' limits the potential of engaging students in a university-wide initiative. I conclude this study with theoretical and practical implications. The theoretical implications section advocates for a deeper exploration of entrepreneurial mindsets beyond traditional business contexts, urging scholars to focus on exploring community development versus community growth. The practical implications section proposes the use of critical reflection to bridge entrepreneurial knowledge and skills with an entrepreneurial mindset. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]
Published: 2024

25. Genomic epidemiology describes introduction and outbreaks of antifungal drug-resistant Candida auris

Author: Kappel, Dana, Gifford, Hugh, Brackin, Amelie, Abdolrasouli, Alireza, Eyre, David W., Jeffery, Katie, Schlenz, Silke, Aanensen, David M., Brown, Colin S., Borman, Andrew, Johnson, Elizabeth, Holmes, Alison, Armstrong-James, Darius, Fisher, Matthew C., and Rhodes, Johanna
Published: 2024
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26. Imagined speech event detection from electrocorticography and its transfer between speech modes and subjects

Author: de Borman, Aurélie, Wittevrongel, Benjamin, Dauwe, Ine, Carrette, Evelien, Meurs, Alfred, Van Roost, Dirk, Boon, Paul, and Van Hulle, Marc M.
Published: 2024
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27. Factors associated with cellulitis in lymphoedema of the arm – an international cross-sectional study (LIMPRINT)

Author: Burian, Ewa Anna, Franks, Peter J., Borman, Pinar, Quéré, Isabelle, Karlsmark, Tonny, Keeley, Vaughan, Sugama, Junko, Cestari, Marina, and Moffatt, Christine J.
Published: 2024
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28. Fewer culturable Lactobacillaceae species identified in faecal samples of pigs performing manipulative behaviour

Author: König, Emilia, Heponiemi, Paulina, Kivinen, Sanni, Räkköläinen, Jaakko, Beasley, Shea, Borman, Tuomas, Collado, Maria Carmen, Hukkinen, Vilja, Junnila, Jouni, Lahti, Leo, Norring, Marianna, Piirainen, Virpi, Salminen, Seppo, Heinonen, Mari, and Valros, Anna
Published: 2024
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29. A Replicable Identity-Based Intervention Reduces the Black-White Suspension Gap at Scale

Author: Borman, Geoffrey D., Pyne, Jaymes, Rozek, Christopher S., and Schmidt, Alex
Abstract: Nationally, educators suspend Black students at greater rates than any other group. This disproportionality is fueled by stereotypes casting Black students as "troublemakers"--a label students too often internalize as part of their identities. Across two independent double-blind randomized field trials involving over 2,000 seventh graders in 11 middle schools, we tested the efficacy of a brief intervention to buffer students from stereotypes and mitigate the racial suspension gap. The self-affirmation intervention helps students access positive aspects of their identities less associated with troublemaking in school. Confirmed in both trials, treatment effects cut Black-White suspension and office disciplinary referral gaps during seventh and eighth grade by approximately two thirds, with even greater impacts for Black students with prior infractions.
Published: 2022
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30. Imagined speech event detection from electrocorticography and its transfer between speech modes and subjects

Author: Aurélie de Borman, Benjamin Wittevrongel, Ine Dauwe, Evelien Carrette, Alfred Meurs, Dirk Van Roost, Paul Boon, and Marc M. Van Hulle
Subjects: Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Abstract Speech brain-computer interfaces aim to support communication-impaired patients by translating neural signals into speech. While impressive progress was achieved in decoding performed, perceived and attempted speech, imagined speech remains elusive, mainly due to the absence of behavioral output. Nevertheless, imagined speech is advantageous since it does not depend on any articulator movements that might become impaired or even lost throughout the stages of a neurodegenerative disease. In this study, we analyzed electrocortigraphy data recorded from 16 participants in response to 3 speech modes: performed, perceived (listening), and imagined speech. We used a linear model to detect speech events and examined the contributions of each frequency band, from delta to high gamma, given the speech mode and electrode location. For imagined speech detection, we observed a strong contribution of gamma bands in the motor cortex, whereas lower frequencies were more prominent in the temporal lobe, in particular of the left hemisphere. Based on the similarities in frequency patterns, we were able to transfer models between speech modes and participants with similar electrode locations.
Published: 2024
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31. Hypothyroidism and autoimmune thyroid disorders in rheumatoıd arthritis: relationship wıth disease activity

Author: Karakiliç Gülseren Demir, Borman Pinar, Kocaoğlu Seher, Büyük Ferda, and Bakirci Esra Şahingöz
Subjects: autoimmune thyroid disease, hypothyroidism, rheumatoid arthritis, autoantibodies, disease activity score, Internal medicine, RC31-1245
Abstract: Background and aims: Thyroid function abnormalities and thyroid autoantibodies have previously been described in rheumatoid arthirits (RA) with limited data. In some studies, a relationship was found between thyroid autoantibodies and RA disease activity. However, there are not strong studies in the literature indicating the relationship between thyroid diseases and RA. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of hypothyroidism and to investigate the relationship between thyroid hormone levels, autoantibodies and disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
Published: 2024
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32. Cutaneous Purpureocillium lilacinum and Fusarium coinfection in a heart transplant recipient

Author: Leonard Farrugia, Veronica Baston, Laura Burfield, Lucy Melly, Andrew M. Borman, and Abhijit M. Bal
Subjects: Mycosis, Fusarium, Purpureocillium, Transplant, Voriconazole, Medicine (General), R5-920, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Purpureocillium lilacinum and Fusarium species are increasingly recognized as significant opportunistic fungal pathogens. We report a rare case of co-infection in a 63-year old heart transplant recipient presenting with nodular skin lesions, treated successfully with voriconazole. We highlight the importance of being vigilant about co-infection with moulds as it impacts on the selection of appropriate antifungal agents. 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 2024
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33. Invasive Trichoderma longibrachiatum infection in a neutropaenic patient

Author: Penelope J. Teoh, Emma McGuire, Andrew M. Borman, Rebecca Gorton, Andrew J. Wilson, Chloe Merrion, and Vanya Gant
Subjects: Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Invasive fungal infection, Lung infection, Neutropaenia, Medicine (General), R5-920, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Invasive fungal infection is a life-threatening complication of chemotherapy and neutropaenia in the haematology population. Trichoderma species rarely cause human disease but have been reported to cause invasive infection in the immunosuppressed. We present a case of invasive Trichoderma longibrachiatum pulmonary infection with fatal outcome in a neutropaenic patient with acute myeloid leukaemia. 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 2024
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34. X-ray Polarization Observations of BL Lacertae

Author: Middei, Riccardo, Liodakis, Ioannis, Perri, Matteo, Puccetti, Simonetta, Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, Di Gesu, Laura, Ehlert, Steven R., Madejski, Grzegorz, Marscher, Alan P., Marshall, Herman L., Muleri, Fabio, Negro, Michela, Jorstad, Svetlana G., Agís-González, Beatriz, Agudo, Iván, Bonnoli, Giacomo, Bernardos, Maria I., Casanova, Víctor, García-Comas, Maya, Husillos, César, Marchini, Alessandro, Sota, Alfredo, Kouch, Pouya M., Borman, George A., Kopatskaya, Evgenia N., Larionova, Elena G., Morozova, Daria A., Savchenko, Sergey S., Vasilyev, Andrey A., Zhovtan, Alexey V., Casadio, Carolina, Escudero, Juan, Myserlis, Ioannis, Hales, Antonio, Kameno, Seiji, Kneissl, Ruediger, Messias, Hugo, Nagai, Hiroshi, Blinov, Dmitry, Bourbah, Ioakeim G., Kiehlmann, Sebastian, Kontopodis, Evangelos, Mandarakas, Nikos, Romanopoulos, Stylianos, Skalidis, Raphael, Vervelaki, Anna, Masiero, Joseph R., Mawet, Dimitri, Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell A., Panopoulou, Georgia V., Tinyanont, Samaporn, Berdyugin, Andrei V., Kagitani, Masato, Kravtsov, Vadim, Sakanoi, Takeshi, Imazawa, Ryo, Sasada, Mahito, Fukazawa, Yasushi, Kawabata, Koji S., Uemura, Makoto, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, Nakaoka, Tatsuya, Akitaya, Hiroshi, Gurwell, Mark, Rao, Ramprasad, Di Lalla, Niccoló, Cibrario, Nicoló, Donnarumma, Immacolata, Kim, Dawoon E., Omodei, Nicola, Pacciani, Luigi, Poutanen, Juri, Tavecchio, Fabrizio, Antonelli, Lucio A., Bachetti, Matteo, Baldini, Luca, Baumgartner, Wayne H., Bellazzini, Ronaldo, Bianchi, Stefano, Bongiorno, Stephen D., Bonino, Raffaella, Brez, Alessandro, Bucciantini, Niccoló, Capitanio, Fiamma, Castellano, Simone, Ciprini, Stefano, Costa, Enrico, De Rosa, Alessandra, Del Monte, Ettore, Di Marco, Alessandro, Doroshenko, Victor, Dovčiak, Michal, Enoto, Teruaki, Evangelista, Yuri, Fabiani, Sergio, Ferrazzoli, Riccardo, Garcia, Javier A., Gunji, Shuichi, Hayashida, Kiyoshi, Heyl, Jeremy, Iwakiri, Wataru, Karas, Vladimir, Kitaguchi, Takao, Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J., Krawczynski, Henric, La Monaca, Fabio, Latronico, Luca, Maldera, Simone, Manfreda, Alberto, Marin, Frédéric, Marinucci, Andrea, Massaro, Francesco, Matt, Giorgio, Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki, Ng, C. -Y., O'Dell, Stephen L., Oppedisano, Chiara, Papitto, Alessandro, Pavlov, George G., Peirson, Abel L., Pesce-Rollins, Melissa, Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier, Pilia, Maura, Possenti, Andrea, Ramsey, Brian D., Rankin, John, Ratheesh, Ajay, Romani, Roger W., Sgró, Carmelo, Slane, Patrick, Soffitta, Paolo, Spandre, Gloria, Tamagawa, Toru, Taverna, Roberto, Tawara, Yuzuru, Tennant, Allyn F., Thomas, Nicholas E., Tombesi, Francesco, Trois, Alessio, Tsygankov, Sergey, Turolla, Roberto, Vink, Jacco, Weisskopf, Martin C., Wu, Kinwah, Xie, Fei, and Zane, Silvia
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: Blazars are a class of jet-dominated active galactic nuclei with a typical double-humped spectral energy distribution. It is of common consensus the Synchrotron emission to be responsible for the low frequency peak, while the origin of the high frequency hump is still debated. The analysis of X-rays and their polarization can provide a valuable tool to understand the physical mechanisms responsible for the origin of high-energy emission of blazars. We report the first observations of BL Lacertae performed with the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer ({IXPE}), from which an upper limit to the polarization degree $\Pi_X<$12.6\% was found in the 2-8 keV band. We contemporaneously measured the polarization in radio, infrared, and optical wavelengths. Our multiwavelength polarization analysis disfavors a significant contribution of proton synchrotron radiation to the X-ray emission at these epochs. Instead, it supports a leptonic origin for the X-ray emission in BL Lac., Comment: 17 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in ApJL
Published: 2022
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35. Polarized Blazar X-rays imply particle acceleration in shocks

Author: Liodakis, Ioannis, Marscher, Alan P., Agudo, Iván, Berdyugin, Andrei V., Bernardos, Maria I., Bonnoli, Giacomo, Borman, George A., Casadio, Carolina, Casanova, Víctor, Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, Cavero, Nicole Rodriguez, Di Gesu, Laura, Di Lalla, Niccoló, Donnarumma, Immacolata, Ehlert, Steven R., Errando, Manel, Escudero, Juan, García-Comas, Maya, Agís-González, Beatriz, Husillos, César, Jormanainen, Jenni, Jorstad, Svetlana G., Kagitani, Masato, Kopatskaya, Evgenia N., Kravtsov, Vadim, Krawczynski, Henric, Lindfors, Elina, Larionova, Elena G., Madejski, Grzegorz M., Marin, Frédéric, Marchini, Alessandro, Marshall, Herman L., Morozova, Daria A., Massaro, Francesco, Masiero, Joseph R., Mawet, Dimitri, Middei, Riccardo, Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell A., Myserlis, Ioannis, Negro, Michela, Nilsson, Kari, O'Dell, Stephen L., Omodei, Nicola, Pacciani, Luigi, Paggi, Alessandro, Panopoulou, Georgia V., Peirson, Abel L., Perri, Matteo, Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier, Poutanen, Juri, Puccetti, Simonetta, Romani, Roger W., Sakanoi, Takeshi, Savchenko, Sergey S., Sota, Alfredo, Tavecchio, Fabrizio, Tinyanont, Samaporn, Vasilyev, Andrey A., Weaver, Zachary R., Zhovtan, Alexey V., Antonelli, Lucio A., Bachetti, Matteo, Baldini, Luca, Baumgartner, Wayne H., Bellazzini, Ronaldo, Bianchi, Stefano, Bongiorno, Stephen D., Bonino, Raffaella, Brez, Alessandro, Bucciantini, Niccoló, Capitanio, Fiamma, Castellano, Simone, Ciprini, Stefano, Costa, Enrico, De Rosa, Alessandra, Del Monte, Ettore, Di Marco, Alessandro, Doroshenko, Victor, Dovčiak, Michal, Enoto, Teruaki, Evangelista, Yuri, Fabiani, Sergio, Ferrazzoli, Riccardo, Garcia, Javier A., Gunji, Shuichi, Hayashida, Kiyoshi, Heyl, Jeremy, Iwakiri, Wataru, Karas, Vladimir, Kitaguchi, Takao, Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J., La Monaca, Fabio, Latronico, Luca, Maldera, Simone, Manfreda, Alberto, Marinucci, Andrea, Matt, Giorgio, Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, Muleri, Fabio, Ng, Stephen C. -Y., Oppedisano, Chiara, Papitto, Alessandro, Pavlov, George G., Pesce-Rollins, Melissa, Pilia, Maura, Possenti, Andrea, Ramsey, Brian D., Rankin, John, Ratheesh, Ajay, Sgró, Carmelo, Slane, Patrick, Soffitta, Paolo, Spandre, Gloria, Tamagawa, Toru, Taverna, Roberto, Tawara, Yuzuru, Tennant, Allyn F., Thomas, Nicolas E., Tombesi, Francesco, Trois, Alessio, Tsygankov, Sergey, Turolla, Roberto, Vink, Jacco, Weisskopf, Martin C., Wu, Kinwah, Xie, Fei, and Zane, Silvia
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Most of the light from blazars, active galactic nuclei with jets of magnetized plasma that point nearly along the line of sight, is produced by high-energy particles, up to $\sim 1$ TeV. Although the jets are known to be ultimately powered by a supermassive black hole, how the particles are accelerated to such high energies has been an unanswered question. The process must be related to the magnetic field, which can be probed by observations of the polarization of light from the jets. Measurements of the radio to optical polarization - the only range available until now - probe extended regions of the jet containing particles that left the acceleration site days to years earlier (Jorstad et al., 2005; Marin et al., 2018; Blinov et al., 2021), and hence do not directly explore the acceleration mechanism, as could X-ray measurements. Here we report the detection of X-ray polarization from the blazar Markarian~501 (Mrk~501). We measure an X-ray linear polarization degree $\Pi_X \sim10\%$, a factor of $\sim2$ higher than the value at optical wavelengths, with a polarization angle parallel to the radio jet. This points to a shock front as the source of particle acceleration, and also implies that the plasma becomes increasingly turbulent with distance from the shock., Comment: 34 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables
Published: 2022
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36. Glutamate and GABA Receptors of Nerveless Animals (Placozoa): Preadaptation to Neurotransmission

Author: Nikitin, M. A. and Borman, S. I.
Published: 2024
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37. Antifungal susceptibility profiles for fungal isolates from corneas and contact lenses in the United Kingdom

Author: Tuft, Stephen, Stone, Neil R. H., Burton, Matthew J., Johnson, Elizabeth M., and Borman, Andrew M.
Published: 2024
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38. Improving Reactions to Forced-Choice Personality Measures in Simulated Job Application Contexts Through the Satisfaction of Psychological Needs

Author: Borman, Tristan C., Dunlop, Patrick D., Gagné, Marylène, and Neale, Matthew
Published: 2024
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39. On Patient Experience and Anxiety During Treatment With Magnetic Resonance–Guided Radiation Therapy

Author: Jasmijn M. Westerhoff, MD, Pim T.S. Borman, PhD, Reijer H.A. Rutgers, BSc, Bas W. Raaymakers, PhD, Neil Winchester, MSc, Helena M. Verkooijen, PhD, and Martin F. Fast, PhD
Subjects: Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract: Purpose: To assess patient experience and anxiety during magnetic resonance (MR)–guided radiation therapy (MRgRT) using a hybrid 1.5Tesla (T) MR-guided linear accelerator (MR-Linac) when offered calming video content. Methods and Materials: A single-center study was conducted within the Multi-Outcome Evaluation of Radiation Therapy Using the MR-Linac (MOMENTUM) cohort. Patients were offered to watch calming video content on a video monitor during treatment. Questionnaires were used to assess patient experience (MR-Linac patient-reported experience) and anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI) at first treatment fraction (M1) and at third, fourth, or fifth treatment fraction (M2). Paired t tests were used to test for significant differences, and effect sizes (ESs) were used to estimate the magnitude of the difference. Results: Between November 2021 and November 2022, 66 patients were included. The majority were men (n = 59, 89%). MRgRT was most frequently delivered to prostate cancer (n = 45, 68%) followed by a lesion in the pancreas (n = 8, 12%). At M1 and M2, 24 of 59 patients (41%) preferred to watch calming video content. One patient was not able to look at the video monitor comfortably at M1. Patient experience was generally favorable or neutral; tingling sensations were reported by 17% of patients. Anxiety levels were high (16%), moderate (18%), or low to none (67%) prior to M1. STAI scores were 33 (SD, 9) prior to M1 and 29 (SD, 7) after M1 (ES, 0.7; P < .001). STAI scores were 32 (SD, 9) prior to M2 and 31 (SD, 8) after M2 (ES, 0.4; P = .009). Conclusions: Patients were able to comfortably view the video monitor during MRgRT. Consequently, this setup could be used for future applications, such as biofeedback. A sizable minority of patients preferred to watch calming videos that distracted them during treatment. Although the patients’ experience was overall excellent, anxiety was reported. Anxiety levels were highest prior to treatment and decreased after treatment.
Published: 2024
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40. Comparación de la terapia descongestiva compleja en pacientes con linfedema de diferentes causas mediante la medición del volumen de las extremidades, la calidad de vida y la funcionalidad

Author: Cansu Sahbaz-Pirincci, Emine Cihan, Ülkü Düzlü-Öztürk, Pınar Borman, and Meltem Dalyan
Subjects: Linfedema. Flebolinfedema. Lipolinfedema., Surgery, RD1-811
Abstract: Objetivo: Investigar los efectos de la terapia descongestiva compleja (TDC) aplicada a las extremidades inferiores de pacientes con linfedema de diferentes causas sobre el volumen de la extremidad, la calidad de vida y la funcionalidad. Materiales y método: Se incluyeron en el estudio 90 pacientes, de los cuales 28 tenían linfedema primario, 30 linfedema secundario, 18 flebolinfedema y 14 lipolinfedema. Un total de 137 extremidades fueron tratadas con TDC. Se incluyeron en la muestra pacientes que recibieron TDC durante 5 días a la semana durante 3 semanas (15 sesiones en total). El volumen de las extremidades se midió con una cinta métrica. Se utilizó el Cuestionario de calidad de vida (QoL) de las piernas para el linfedema para evaluar la calidad de vida, y se administró la Escala funcional de las extremidades inferiores (LEFS) para evaluar la funcionalidad de estas. Resultados: Los cambios en la calidad de vida antes y después del tratamiento difirieron significativamente en los grupos de linfedema primario, flebolinfedema y lipolinfedema (p < 0.05). Las puntuaciones LEFS posteriores al tratamiento indicaron una disminución significativa en los grupos de flebolinfedema y lipolinfedema en comparación con las puntuaciones previas al tratamiento (p < 0.05). Conclusiones: La diferencia de apariencia, que es uno de los subparámetros de la calidad de vida, disminuyó significativamente en las comparaciones realizadas entre los grupos, mientras que los cambios en los demás parámetros no fueron significativos.
Published: 2024
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41. Neosartorya udagawae pulmonary infection requiring a surgical treatment in a paediatric haematopoietic progenitor cell recipient

Author: Olga S. Tatarinova, Caroline L. Furness, Andrew M. Borman, Joy Barber, Nagarajan Muthialu, and Laura Ferreras-Antolin
Subjects: Neosartorya udagawae, Haematopoietic progenitor cell transplant, Paediatric chronic myeloid leukaemia, Medicine (General), R5-920, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Neosartorya udagawae is a known cause of fungal infection in humans and animals. It is found to be more refractory to antifungal treatment in comparison to other Aspergillus species. With this report we present a case of proven invasive infection with Neosartorya udagawae in a child with chronic myeloid leukaemia after haematopoietic stem cell transplant. The patient received several lines of antifungal therapy including dual therapy appropriate to the antifungal susceptibility profile with progression of the invasive fungal disease requiring left lung upper lobe lobectomy. The case emphasizes the importance of early biopsy with antifungal susceptibility testing for targeted therapy and demonstrates the potential requirement for surgical management in addition to appropriate antifungal treatment.
Published: 2024
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42. Pre-Departure Training Is Essential for Preparing Healthcare Teams for Service-Learning to Resource-Limited Countries

Author: Trotter, Suzanne Fox, Dunnivan-Mitchell, Sharon, Borman, Nicole, Kent, Aimee, and Oliva, Brianna
Abstract: Introduction: Limited research exists on effective pre-departure training (PDT) for interprofessional healthcare disciplines participating in international service-learning (ISL), particularly to resource-limited settings. Method: A convenience sample of 21 physical and occupational therapy students and clinicians who participated in four 1-hour PDT sessions were included in this mixed-methods study. Training consisted of informative, reflective, and simulation experiences to enhance self-awareness, teambuilding, cultural knowledge, and in support of trip preparations. Training session debriefings were transcribed and coded. The Cross-Cultural Adaptability Inventory (CCAI™) was administered pre-training and post-experience. Results: Qualitative data showed emerging themes around collaboration, mentorship, empowerment, opportunity, preparedness, self-awareness, and confidence. Quantitative analysis of CCAI™ data revealed significant median differences between a) all participants' CCAI™ scores for perceptual acuity pre = 49.29 and post = 51.38 (p = 0.018); as well as b) students CCAI™ scores of perceptual acuity pre = 49.80, post = 51.46 (p = 0.040); and c) clinicians CCAI™ personal autonomy scores pre = 31.00 and post = 33.16 (p = 0.042). Discussion: Participants demonstrated improved ability to perceive the needs of this novel culturally novel community and respond appropriately to community members and across healthcare disciplines. Conclusion: Pre-departure training prepares healthcare providers for international service, enhances emotional intelligence, improves interprofessional collaboration, and promotes more continuously sustainable services.
Published: 2021

43. Fewer culturable Lactobacillaceae species identified in faecal samples of pigs performing manipulative behaviour

Author: Emilia König, Paulina Heponiemi, Sanni Kivinen, Jaakko Räkköläinen, Shea Beasley, Tuomas Borman, Maria Carmen Collado, Vilja Hukkinen, Jouni Junnila, Leo Lahti, Marianna Norring, Virpi Piirainen, Seppo Salminen, Mari Heinonen, and Anna Valros
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract Manipulative behaviour that consists of touching or close contact with ears or tails of pen mates is common in pigs and can become damaging. Manipulative behaviour was analysed from video recordings of 45-day-old pigs, and 15 manipulator-control pairs (n = 30) were formed. Controls neither received nor performed manipulative behaviour. Rectal faecal samples of manipulators and controls were compared. 16S PCR was used to identify Lactobacillaceae species and 16S amplicon sequencing to determine faecal microbiota composition. Seven culturable Lactobacillaceae species were identified in control pigs and four in manipulator pigs. Manipulators (p = 0.02) and females (p = 0.005) expressed higher Lactobacillus amylovorus, and a significant interaction was seen (sex * status: p = 0.005) with this sex difference being more marked in controls. Females (p = 0.08) and manipulator pigs (p = 0.07) tended to express higher total Lactobacillaceae. A tendency for an interaction was seen in Limosilactobacillus reuteri (sex * status: p = 0.09). Results suggest a link between observed low diversity in Lactobacillaceae and the development of manipulative behaviour.
Published: 2024
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44. Factors associated with cellulitis in lymphoedema of the arm – an international cross-sectional study (LIMPRINT)

Author: Ewa Anna Burian, Peter J. Franks, Pinar Borman, Isabelle Quéré, Tonny Karlsmark, Vaughan Keeley, Junko Sugama, Marina Cestari, and Christine J. Moffatt
Subjects: Cellulitis, Erysipelas, Lymphedema, Lymphoedema, Chronic edema, Breast-neoplasm, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: Abstract Background Lymphoedema is a globally neglected health care problem and a common complication following breast cancer treatment. Lymphoedema is a well-known predisposing factor for cellulitis, but few have investigated the risk factors for cellulitis in this patient cohort on an international level. The aim of this study was to identify the frequency of cellulitis in patients with lymphoedema of the arm, including potential risk factors for cellulitis. Methods An international, multi-centre, cross-sectional study including patients with clinically assessed arm lymphoedema. The primary outcome was the incidence of cellulitis located to the arm with lymphoedema within the last 12 months, and its potential associated risk factors. The secondary outcome was life-time prevalence of cellulitis. Adults with clinically-assessed arm lymphoedema/chronic oedema (all causes) and able to give informed consent were included. End-of-life-patients or those judged as not in the patient’s best interest were excluded. Both univariable and multivariable analysis were performed. Results A total of 2160 patients were included from Australia, Denmark, France, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Turkey and United Kingdom. Secondary lymphoedema was present in 98% of the patients; 95% of these were judged as related to cancer or its treatment. The lifetime prevalence of cellulitis was 22% and 1-year incidence 11%. Following multivariable analysis, factors associated with recent cellulitis were longer swelling duration and having poorly controlled lymphoedema. Compared to having lymphoedema less than 1 year, the risk increased with duration: 1–2 years (OR 2.15), 2–5 years (OR 2.86), 5–10 years (OR 3.15). Patients with well-controlled lymphoedema had a 46% lower risk of cellulitis (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.39–0.73, p
Published: 2024
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45. Emission Line Variability during a Nonthermal Outburst in the Gamma-Ray Bright Quasar 1156+295

Author: Hallum, Melissa K., Jorstad, Svetlana G., Larionov, Valeri M., Marscher, Alan P., Joshi, Manasvita, Weaver, Zachary R., Williamson, Karen E., Agudo, Ivan, Borman, George A., Casadio, Carolina, Fuentes, Antonio, Grishina, Tatiana S., Kopatskaya, Evgenia N., Larionova, Elena G., Larionova, Liyudmila V., Morozova, Daria A., Nikiforova, Anna A., Savchenko, Sergey S., Troitsky, Ivan S., Troitskaya, Yulia V., and Vasilyev, Andrey A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: We present multi-epoch optical spectra of the $\gamma$-ray bright blazar 1156+295 (4C +29.45, Ton 599) obtained with the 4.3~m Lowell Discovery Telescope. During a multi-wavelength outburst in late 2017, when the $\gamma$-ray flux increased to $2.5\times 10^{-6} \; \rm phot\; cm^{-2}\; s^{-1}$ and the quasar was first detected at energies $\geq100$ GeV, the flux of the Mg II $\lambda 2798$ emission line changed, as did that of the Fe emission complex at shorter wavelengths. These emission line fluxes increased along with the highly polarized optical continuum flux, which is presumably synchrotron radiation from the relativistic jet, with a relative time delay of $\lesssim2$ weeks. This implies that the line-emitting clouds lie near the jet, which points almost directly toward the line of sight. The emission-line radiation from such clouds, which are located outside the canonical accretion-disk related broad-line region, may be a primary source of seed photons that are up-scattered to $\gamma$-ray energies by relativistic electrons in the jet., Comment: 25 pages, 12 figures
Published: 2022
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46. The effect of comprehensive rehabilitation on post-COVID-19 syndrome

Author: Bilge Kesikburun, Ayşe Merve Ata, Pınar Borman, Elif Esen Özdemir, Elif Becenen, Nurdan Metin, and Ebru Alemdaroğlu
Subjects: Post-COVID-19 syndrome, Fatigue, Quality of life, Multidisciplinary rehabilitation, Vaccination, Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, RC925-935
Abstract: Abstract Background The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a comprehensive rehabilitation program on quality of life, anxiety, fatigue, and functional status in post-COVID-19 patients admitted to a specialized rehabilitation unit. The secondary objective of the study was to compare the differences between vaccinated and unvaccinated patients. Results The single-center prospective study was conducted. Demographics, comorbidities, vaccination, clinical signs and symptoms, and oxygen saturation were assessed. The rehabilitative protocol was created considering the condition of patients, age, the direct impact of COVID-19 on the systems, sequelae, severity of disease, and comorbidities. The comprehensive rehabilitation program through a multidisciplinary team is applied in a stepwise graded manner. The Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) The Functional Ambulation Categories (FAC), the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC), the Modified Borg Scale, post-COVID-19 Functional Status (PCFS) scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Barthel Index (BI) were used. In total, 39 patients (61.5% men, age 59.7.0 ± 15.6 years) participated in the study. They were discharged home after 37.5 ± 17.6 days stay in the hospital. The most frequently reported persistent symptoms were dyspnea (76.9%), fatigue (69.2%), and myalgia (64.1%). There was a statistically significant improvement in baseline outcomes including BI, HADS, PCFS, FSS, MMRC, Modified Borg Scale, FAC, O2 support, and NHP after the comprehensive rehabilitation program (p
Published: 2023
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47. Addressing Literacy Needs of Struggling Spanish-Speaking First Graders: First-Year Results from a National Randomized Controlled Trial of Descubriendo la Lectura

Author: Borman, Trisha H., Borman, Geoffrey D., Houghton, Scott, Park, So Jung, Zhu, Bo, Martin, Alejandra, and Wilkinson-Flicker, Sidney
Abstract: Given the growing number of Latino English learners and the lack of evidence-based educational opportunities they are provided, we investigated the impact of one potentially effective literacy intervention that targets struggling first-grade Spanish-speaking students: Descubriendo La Lectura (DLL). DLL provides first-grade Spanish-speaking students one-on-one literacy instruction in their native language and is implemented at an individualized pace for approximately 12 to 20 weeks by trained bilingual teachers. Using a multisite, multicohort, student-level randomized controlled trial, we examined the impact of DLL on both Spanish and English literacy skills. In this article, we report findings from the first of three cohorts of students to participate in the study. Analyses of outcomes indicate that treated students outperformed control students on all 11 Spanish literacy assessments with statistically significant effect sizes ranging from 0.34 to 1.06. Analyses of outcomes on four English literacy assessments yielded positive effect sizes, though none were statistically significant.
Published: 2019

48. The effect of comprehensive rehabilitation on post-COVID-19 syndrome

Author: Kesikburun, Bilge, Ata, Ayşe Merve, Borman, Pınar, Özdemir, Elif Esen, Becenen, Elif, Metin, Nurdan, and Alemdaroğlu, Ebru
Published: 2023
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49. Total transcriptome analysis of Candida auris planktonic cells exposed to tyrosol

Author: Balla, Noémi, Jakab, Ágnes, Kovács, Fruzsina, Ragyák, Ágota, Tóth, Zoltán, Balázsi, Dávid, Forgács, Lajos, Bozó, Aliz, Al Refai, Farah, Borman, Andrew M, Majoros, László, and Kovács, Renátó
Published: 2023
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50. Comparative transcriptional analysis of Candida auris biofilms following farnesol and tyrosol treatment

Author: Ágnes Jakab, Fruzsina Kovács, Noémi Balla, Csaba Nagy-Köteles, Ágota Ragyák, Fruzsina Nagy, Andrew M. Borman, László Majoros, and Renátó Kovács
Subjects: Candida auris, transcriptome, quorum-sensing, ergosterol, calcium, magnesium, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract: ABSTRACTCandida auris is frequently associated with biofilm-related invasive infections. The resistant profile of these biofilms necessitates innovative therapeutic options, where quorum sensing may be a potential target. Farnesol and tyrosol are two fungal quorum-sensing molecules with antifungal effects at supraphysiological concentrations. Here, we performed genome-wide transcript profiling with C. auris biofilms following farnesol or tyrosol exposure using transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq). Since transition metals play a central role in fungal virulence and biofilm formation, levels of intracellular calcium, magnesium, and iron were determined following farnesol or tyrosol treatment using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Farnesol caused an 89.9% and 73.8% significant reduction in the calcium and magnesium content, respectively, whereas tyrosol resulted in 82.6%, 76.6%, and 81.2% decrease in the calcium, magnesium, and iron content, respectively, compared to the control. Genes involved in biofilm events, glycolysis, ergosterol biosynthesis, fatty acid oxidation, iron metabolism, and autophagy were primarily affected in treated cells. To prove ergosterol quorum-sensing molecule interactions, microdilution-based susceptibility testing was performed, where the complexation of farnesol, but not tyrosol, with ergosterol was impeded in the presence of exogenous ergosterol, resulting in a minimum inhibitory concentration increase in the quorum-sensing molecules. This study revealed several farnesol- and tyrosol-specific responses, which will contribute to the development of alternative therapies against C. auris biofilms.IMPORTANCECandida auris is a multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen, which is frequently associated with biofilm-related infections. Candida-derived quorum-sensing molecules (farnesol and tyrosol) play a pivotal role in the regulation of fungal morphogenesis and biofilm development. Furthermore, they may have remarkable anti-biofilm effects, especially at supraphysiological concentrations. Innovative therapeutic approaches interfering with quorum sensing may be a promising future strategy against C. auris biofilms; however, limited data are currently available concerning farnesol-induced and tyrosol-related molecular effects in C. auris. Here, we detected several genes involved in biofilm events, glycolysis, ergosterol biosynthesis, fatty acid oxidation, iron metabolism, and autophagy, which were primarily influenced following farnesol or tyrosol exposure. Moreover, calcium, magnesium, and iron homeostasis were also significantly affected. These results reveal those molecular and physiological events, which may support the development of novel therapeutic approaches against C. auris biofilms.
Published: 2024
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