Search

Background The work on the ESGB guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of biofilm infections began in 2012 and the result was published in 2014. The guidelines have been and still are frequently cited in the literature proving its usefulness for people working with biofilm infections. At the ESGB Biofilm conference in Mallorca 2022 (Eurobiofilms2022) the board of the ESGB decided to evaluate the 2014-guidelines and relevant publications since 2014 based on a lecture given at the Eurobiofilms2022. Guideline methods The Delphi method for working on production of guidelines and the current ESCMID rules for guidelines are presented. The criteria for evaluation of relevant literature are very strict and especially for treatment, most clinicians and regulatory authorities require convincing results from Level I (randomized controlled trials) publications to justify changes of treatments. The relevant new biofilm literature and the relevant biofilm presentations from the Eurobiofilms meetings and ECCMID conferences was used for evaluating the contemporary relevance of the ESGB 2014 guidelines. Diagnosis of biofilm infections Several infectious diseases have been recognized as biofilm infections since 2014, but the diagnostic methods and therapeutic strategies are still the same as recommended in the 2014 ESGB guidelines which are summarized in this opinion paper. Treatment of biofilm infections Some promising new in vitro and in vivo (animal experiments) observations and reports for therapy of biofilm infections are mentioned, but they still await clinical trials. Conclusion The interim opinion at the present time (2022) is therefore, that the guidelines do not need revision now, but there is a need for survey articles discussing new methods of diagnosis and treatment of biofilm infections in order - hopefully to give inspiration to conduct clinical trials which may lead to progress in diagnosis and treatment of patients with biofilm infections., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Severe/critical COVID-19 is associated with immune dysregulation and plasmatic SARS-CoV-2 detection (i.e. RNAemia). We detailed the association of SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia with immune responses in COVID-19 patients at the end of the first week of disease. We enrolled patients hospitalized in acute phase of ascertained SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, and evaluated SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia, plasmatic cytokines, activated/pro-cytolytic T-cells phenotypes, SARS-CoV-2-specific cytokine-producing T-cells (IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-17A), simultaneous Th1-cytokines production (polyfunctionality) and amount (iMFI). The humoral responses were assessed with anti-S1/S2 IgG, anti-RBD total-Ig, IgM, IgA, IgG1 and IgG3, neutralization and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Out of 54 patients, 27 had detectable viremia (viremic). Albeit comparable age and co-morbidities, viremic more frequently required ventilatory support, with a trend to higher death. Viremic displayed higher pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-α, IL-6), lower activated T-cells (HLA-DR+CD38+), lower functional SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cells (IFN-γ+CD4+, TNF-α+CD8+, IL-4+CD8+, IL-2+TNF-α+CD4+, and IL-2+TNF-α+CD4+ iMFI) and SARS-CoV-2-specific Abs (anti-S IgG, anti-RBD total-Ig, IgM, IgG1, IgG3; ID

As a reference laboratory for measles and rubella surveillance in Lombardy, we evaluated the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and measles-like syndromes, providing preliminary evidence for undetected early circulation of SARS-CoV-2. Overall, 435 samples from 156 cases were investigated. RNA from oropharyngeal swabs (N = 148) and urine (N = 141) was screened with four hemi-nested PCRs and molecular evidence for SARS-CoV-2 infection was found in 13 subjects. Two of the positive patients were from the pandemic period (2/12, 16.7%, March 2020-March 2021) and 11 were from the pre-pandemic period (11/44, 25%, August 2019-February 2020). Sera (N = 146) were tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies. Five of the RNA-positive individuals also had detectable anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. No strong evidence of infection was found in samples collected between August 2018 and July 2019 from 100 patients. The earliest sample with evidence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA was from September 12, 2019, and the positive patient was also positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (IgG and IgM). Mutations typical of B.1 strains previously reported to have emerged in January 2020 (C3037T, C14408T, and A23403G), were identified in samples collected as early as October 2019 in Lombardy. One of these mutations (C14408T) was also identified among sequences downloaded from public databases that were obtained by others from samples collected in Brazil in November 2019. We conclude that a SARS-CoV-2 progenitor capable of producing a measles-like syndrome may have emerged in late June-late July 2019 and that viruses with mutations characterizing B.1 strain may have been spreading globally before the first Wuhan outbreak. Our findings should be complemented by high-throughput sequencing to obtain additional sequence information. We highlight the importance of retrospective surveillance studies in understanding the early dynamics of COVID-19 spread and we encourage other groups to perform retrospective investigations to seek confirmatory proofs of early SARS-CoV-2 circulation.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-25T18:01:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Hora-de-usar-a-poupanca-de-nutrientes-do-seu-solo.pdf: 3503710 bytes, checksum: 1e97ba9f0cc8ccad7aef8c4af0f1cebb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

Publicado também nos sites: BOPAR, O Presente Rural, Portal Fator Brasil, JataiNews, Gazeta Digital, Jornal Dia a Dia, Agrolink, Agronotícias, Bonito Net, Safra Agribusiness.

This work aimed to evaluate the agronomic responses to the intensification of grain production systems under water restriction in the central region of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. We studied six systems, including soybean and maize monocropping with medium investment in maintenance fertilization, and the annual alternating of these crops in medium or high investment, with inclusion or not of ruzigrass for straw increment. Soybean and maize in monocropping lose yield potential over time compared to their alternating cultivation. Greater fertilization in soil with built fertility does not increase the yield accumulated until the fourth harvest. The intercropping with ruzigrass can hamper maize yield under lower fertilization. The ruzigrass increases the average production of residues for straw formation in the soybean/maize system, approaching 8 ton.ha-1 .year-1. After four crop seasons, differences in soil chemical attributes are still not evident due to the diversification/intensification of the production system. Made available in DSpace on 2021-04-27T14:33:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Agronomic-responses.pdf: 787213 bytes, checksum: f403ce1c7e4dba7569d9514a5d413935 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a implantação de 3 sistemas de semeadura do milho e a avaliação do cultivo intercalar mecanizado ANTECIPE nas características agronômicas e na produtividade de milho segunda safra no ano agrícola 2020/21. Made available in DSpace on 2022-08-24T19:25:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cultivo-intercalar-antecipado-de-milho-segunda-safra-nas-entrelinhas-da-soja.pdf: 1850483 bytes, checksum: e334d58e5f05ff2fd6bc297fa6feb5ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

The Brazilian Cerrado stands out in relation to grain production, however, in this region the occurrence of summer and irregular rainfall, drastically harm the non-irrigated production. Conservationist managements favor the soil physical quality and, consequently, the efficiency of soil water consumption. The objective of this study was to evaluate the soil physical quality, as a function of the conservation managements adopted, by using physical soil quality indicators, and to verify its relation with the soil organic carbon stocks and the grain yield in the Cerrado of Minas Gerais state, Brazil. For that, six treatments were evaluated: soybean (1) and maize (2) monocultures crop systems at medium level of investment in soil fertilization, soybean-maize crop succession at medium (3) and high (6) level of investment in soil fertilization, and crop succession of soybean-maize and intercropped with Urochloa ruziziensis at medium (4) and high (5) level of investment in soil fertilization, during the initial stage of no-tillage system. The treatments 3, 4, 5 and 6 showed improvement in the soil physical quality in relation to the monoculture. Pore distribution and soil organic carbon content were the main responsible for discriminating the intensified crop systems. Attributes related to water availability were important for plant growth in the 0-0.05 m layer, while for the 0.15-0.20 m layer, the highest soil aeration stood out. Productivity did not correlate with the evaluated attributes. Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-23T09:03:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Soil-physical.pdf: 2382868 bytes, checksum: d980518e05247a91eb65787f543be67f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

Made available in DSpace on 2019-01-12T23:32:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Manejonutrientes.pdf: 944389 bytes, checksum: 01c0c745be8e352901b8d12bed6a2384 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-01-11

Made available in DSpace on 2019-01-25T00:39:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rendimentorelativo.pdf: 98799 bytes, checksum: 57409108563893e0797656c3304fddde (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-01-23

Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-25T00:41:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Beneficiosintegracao1.pdf: 5217935 bytes, checksum: 2ff3eda95f52ff891f8edb32ad67ac03 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-12

OBJECTIVES The synthetic peptide T11F, with sequence identical to a fragment of the constant region of human IgM, and most of its substituted alanine derivatives proved to possess a significant in vitro candidacidal activity (EC50 values in the micromolar range). In this study, the therapeutic efficacy of T11F and two selected derivatives, D5A, the most active in vitro, and F11A, characterized by a different conformation, was investigated in a Galleria mellonella infection model by Candida albicans. METHODS Last instar G. mellonella larvae (16 larvae/group) were used for this study. For toxicity experiments, larvae were inoculated directly into the hemocoel, via the last left pro-leg, with the selected peptides (15 u00b5mol/kg). Control groups consisted of larvae untouched or inoculated with saline. Potential therapeutic activity of selected peptides was then evaluated by inoculating C. albicans SC5314 suspension (5u00d7105 cells/larva); 30 min after Candida challenge, larvae were injected via the last right pro-leg with the selected peptides (10 u00b5mol/kg) or saline (control). Larvae were then transferred into clean Petri dishes, incubated at 37 u00b0C in the dark for 9 days, and scored daily for survival. Survival curves of peptide-treated and control animals were compared by the Mantel-Cox log-rank test. A value of P

AIM: To date non-invasive (NIV) mechanical ventilation use is not recommended in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF) and pH < 7.30 outside a 'protected environment'. We assessed NIV efficacy and feasibility in improving arterial blood gases (ABG) and in-hospital outcome in patients with ARF and severe respiratory acidosis (RA) admitted to an experienced rural medical ward. METHODS: This paper is a prospective pilot cohort study conducted in the General Medicine Ward of Budrio's District Hospital. Two hundred and seventy-two patients with ARF were admitted to our Department, 112, meeting predefined inclusion criteria (pH < 7.35, PaCO2 > 45 mmHg). Patients were divided according to the severity of acidosis into: group A (pH < 7.26), group B (7.26 ≤ pH < 7.30) and group C (7.30 ≤ pH < 7.35). ABG were assessed at admission, at 2-6 h, 24 h, 48 h and at discharge. RESULTS: Group A included 55 patients (24 men, mean age: 80.8 ± 8.3 years), group B 31 (12 men, mean age: 80.3 ± 9.4 years) and group C 26 (15 men, mean age: 78.6 ± 9.9 years). ABG improved within the first hours in 92/112 (82%) patients, who were all successfully discharged. Eighteen percent (20/112) of the patients died during the hospital stay, no significant difference emerged in mortality rate (MR) within the groups (23%, 16% and 8%, for groups A, B and C, respectively) and between patients with or without pneumonia: 8/29 (27%) versus 12/83 (14%). On multivariable analysis, only age and Glasgow Coma Scale had an impact on the clinical outcome. CONCLUSION: In a non-'highly protected' environment such as an experienced medical ward of a rural hospital, NIV is effective not only in patients with mild, but also with severe forms of RA. MR did not vary according to the level of initial pH.

São significativas as vantagens para a melhoria da qualidade dos solos de agricultura a partir da integração lavoura-pecuária. As braquiárias podem ser utilizadas para enriquecimento da fertilidade do solo, sobretudo nas camadas superficiais, devido à recuperação dos nutrientes em profundidade. Mas tem muito mais..

In 2013, the Nutrition for Growth Summit called for a Global Nutrition Report (GNR) to strengthen accountability in nutrition so that progress in reducing malnutrition could be accelerated. This article summarizes the results of the first GNR. By focusing on undernutrition and overweight, the GNR puts malnutrition in a new light. Nearly every country in the world is affected by malnutrition, and multiple malnutrition burdens are the "new normal." Unfortunately, the world is off track to meet the 2025 World Health Assembly (WHA) targets for nutrition. Many countries are, however, making good progress on WHA indicators, providing inspiration and guidance for others. Beyond the WHA goals, nutrition needs to be more strongly represented in the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) framework. At present, it is only explicitly mentioned in 1 of 169 SDG targets despite the many contributions improved nutritional status will make to their attainment. To achieve improvements in nutrition status, it is vital to scale up nutrition programs. We identify bottlenecks in the scale-up of nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive approaches and highlight actions to accelerate coverage and reach. Holding stakeholders to account for delivery on nutrition actions requires a well-functioning accountability infrastructure, which is lacking in nutrition. New accountability mechanisms need piloting and evaluation, financial resource flows to nutrition need to be made explicit, nutrition spending targets should be established, and some key data gaps need to be filled. For example, many UN member states cannot report on their WHA progress and those that can often rely on data >5 y old. The world can accelerate malnutrition reduction substantially, but this will require stronger accountability mechanisms to hold all stakeholders to account.

This study aimed to assess the effect of BiPAP®, by nasal mask, on exercise tolerance and respiratory muscle strength in patients with a clinical and spirometric diagnosis of moderate/severe COPD (FEV1 < 60% of predicted). Ten patients of 59.4±8.9 years old, with FEV1/FVC El objetivo de esto estudio fue evaluar el efecto del BiPAP®, por medio de la máscara nasal, sobre la tolerancia al ejercicio físico y el desempeño muscular respiratorio en pacientes con diagnosis clínico y espirométrico de EPOC moderada/grave (VEF1 < 60% del previsible). Con VEF1/CVF O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do BiPAP®, através de máscara nasal, na tolerância ao exercício físico e no desempenho muscular respiratório em pacientes com diagnóstico clínico e espirométrico de DPOC, moderado/grave (VEF1 < 60% do previsto). Com VEF1/CVF

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os níveis de L-carnitina livre no plasma, o estado nutricional, a função pulmonar e a tolerância ao exercício em pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica e verificar as correlações entre a composição corporal e as frações de L-carnitina no plasma. MÉTODOS: Quarenta pacientes entre 66,2±9 anos, com diagnóstico clínico de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica, foram divididos em dois grupos: G1, com índice de massa corporal menor que 20kg/m², e G2, com índice de massa corporal maior que 20kg/m². Foram mensurados os parâmetros espirométricos, a tolerância ao exercício no teste de caminhada, a força muscular respiratória, a composição corporal por meio da impedância bioelétrica e as dosagens da L-carnitina plasmática, através de amostras de sangue. RESULTADOS: Foram observados menores valores das variáveis espirométricas (pOBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the levels of free L-carnitine in the plasma, the nutritional condition, the pulmonary function, and the tolerance to exercising in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary Disease, in order to verify the correlations between body composition and L-carnitine levels in the plasma. METHODS: Forty patients between 66.2±9 years of age, with clinical diagnostics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, were divided in two groups: G1, patients with body mass index of less than 20 kg/m², and G2, with Body Mass Index of more than 20 kg/m². There were evaluations of the spirometric variables; the exercise tolerance, through a six-minute walking test; the respiratory muscle strength; the body composition, through the bioelectric impedance; and the free L-carnitine levels in the plasma, through blood exams. RESULTS: The results showed lower values in G1 patients, for the spirometric variables (p

Nitrogen is required in large amounts by plants and their dinamics in corn and perennial forages intercropped is little known. This study analyzed the efficiency of nitrogen fertilization (15NH4NO3) applied after corn grain harvest to palisadegrass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu) in intercrops sown at two times, as well as the N residual effect on the subsequent corn crop. The field experiment was performed in Botucatu, São Paulo State, in southeastern Brazil, on a structured Alfisol under no-tillage. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design in a split plot scheme with four replications. The main plots consisted of two intercropping systems (corn and palisadegrass sown together and palisadegrass sown later, at corn top-dressing fertilization). The subplots consisted of four N rates (0, 30, 60, and 120 kg ha-1 N). The subplots contained microplots, in which enriched ammonium nitrate (15NH4NO3) was applied at the same rates. The time of intercrop sowing affected forage dry matter production, the amount of fertilizer-derived N in and the N use efficiency by the forage plants. Nitrogen applied in autumn to palisadegrass intercropped with corn, planted either at corn sowing or at N top-dressing fertilization, increased the forage yield up to a rate of 60 kg ha-1 The amount of fertilizer-derived N by the forage plants and the fertilizer use efficiency by palisadegrass were highest 160 days after fertilization for both intercrop sowing times, regardless of N rates. Residual N did not affect the N nutrition of corn plants grown in succession to palisadegrass, but increased grain yield at rates of 60 and 120 kg ha-1 N, when corn was grown on palisadegrass straw from the intercrop installed at corn fertilization (top-dressing). Our results indicated that the earlier intercropping allowed higher forage dry matter production. On the other hand, the later intercrop allowed a higher corn grain yield in succession to N-fertilized palisadegrass. RESUMO - O nitrogênio é requerido em grandes quantidades pelas plantas e sua dinâmica no consórcio entre milho e forrageiras tropicais perenes é pouco conhecida. Objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência de utilização da adubação nitrogenada (15NH4NO3) no capim-marandu (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu), proveniente de duas épocas de consórcios com o milho, realizadas após a colheita da cultura granífera, bem como o efeito residual no milho cultivado em sucessão. O experimento foi conduzido na Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da UNESP em Botucatu, SP, em Nitossolo Vermelho sob sistema plantio direto. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados em parcelas subdivididas. As parcelas foram constituídas pelas épocas de consórcio: milho e capim-marandu semeados simultaneamente; e capim-marandu semeado na adubação de cobertura do milho. As subparcelas foram compostas pelas doses de 30, 60 e 120 kg ha-1 de N, aplicadas no capim-marandu após a colheita da cultura do milho. Nas subparcelas, foram alocadas microparcelas para aplicação de nitrato de amônio enriquecido (15NH4NO3) nessas mesmas doses. A época de implantação do consórcio influenciou a produção de massa de matéria seca da forrageira, a quantidade de N na planta proveniente do fertilizante e a eficiência de utilização do N pelas plantas forrageiras. A aplicação de N no outono no capimmarandu, implantado por meio do consórcio com o milho, tanto na semeadura quanto na adubação nitrogenada de cobertura, proporcionou aumento de produtividade da forrageira até a dose de 60 kg ha-1. Os maiores acúmulos de N e a eficiência de utilização do fertilizante pelo capim-marandu, oriundo de ambas as épocas de consórcio, ocorreram aos 160 dias após a fertilização, independentemente das doses de N. O residual das doses de N, aplicadas no capimmarandu, não interferiu na nutrição nitrogenada do milho em sucessão, porém incrementou a produtividade de grãos nas doses de 60 e 120 kg ha-1 de N, quando o cereal foi cultivado sobre palhada proveniente do consórcio implantado na adubação de cobertura do milho. Com base nos resultados, pode-se inferir que a implantação antecipada do consórcio proporciona maior produtividade de massa de matéria seca da forrageira, enquanto quando implantado mais tarde propicia maior produtividade de grãos do milho em sucessão à forrageira adubada com N.

O cultivo consorciado entre a espécie forrageira e a cultura produtora de grãos garante a produção de forragem no outono-inverno, além de palha para cobertura do solo em sistema semeadura direta. O aporte de matéria seca radicular no perfil do solo possibilita a melhoria da qualidade estrutural do solo. Objetivou-se com este experimento verificar as alterações nos atributos físicos e físicohídricos do solo com o cultivo de milho solteiro e consorciado com Brachiaria brizantha. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental Lageado (UNESP, Botucatu-SP), entre os anos agrícolas de 2002/2003 e 2003/2004. Foram coletadas amostras com estrutura preservada de solo, por meio de anéis volumétricos, nas camadas de 0 a 20 e 20 a 40 cm de profundidade, em trincheiras abertas em parcelas cultivadas com milho e mantidas em pousio na entressafra, bem como em parcelas cultivadas com milho consorciado com B. brizantha na linha de semeadura, mantendo a forrageira para pastagem após a colheita do milho. A partir dessas amostras, foi avaliado o Intervalo Hídrico Ótimo (IHO), por meio de curvas de resistência à penetração e de retenção de água, em amostras com diferentes densidades do solo. O cultivo solteiro de milho na safra de verão é suficiente para melhorar as características físicas e estruturais do solo na camada de 0 a 20 cm. O cultivo de braquiária em consórcio com o milho por dois anos consecutivos melhora as condições físicas e estruturais do solo na camada de 20 a 40 cm, com redução da resistência mecânica à penetração e aumento da densidade crítica do solo.