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The energy efficiency of an electric system depends in great measure of the reactive power compensation that it is carried out. One of the roads more employees are the use of capacitors banks. A good selection of these, presupposes three aspects: the selection of the banks capacity, the compensator type to use, as well as the location in the low voltage system. References of methods that consider the three aspects in a same problem are based on the mathematical programming, but these cannot represent all the effects of the compensation and these based in technical of continuous programming, being this a complex optimization problem of discreet search space. In the paper, we have developed a method with the employment of the genetic algorithms, which facilitates a more exact problem formulation. The method has been programmed in MATLAB, version 7.5 (R2007b), using programming structures of Genetic Algorithm and Direct Search Toolbox.The effectiveness is shown in an example of real application to the low voltage system of a hotel installation of the Cubanacan Company in Camagüey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper the general considerations of the unbalanced are presented in the electric systems of low tension, the causes that provoke it, as well as the undesirable effects that cause. Starting from the current investigations it is possible to model the unbalanced like a component of power doesn't activate. This concept applied to a method proposed by the authors for the estimate of the demand during the stage of project of the systems, facilitates a bigger accuracy in the determination of the same one, that which is presented by way of example in a practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of the low tension electric systems is a fundamental measure for the industrial progress of any country, and in this aspect the cost of the investments is in many decisive cases. At the present time where the care of the environment is vital for the whole human species, we should make a more exact analysis and objective to achieve surer and more reliable systems, with fewer expenses. In this work we expose some of the methods more used for the projection of the low tension electric systems. Finally we present a critical analysis of the same ones and the solution of an application example through several of these. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]