Search

The meso-scale meteorology of lake breezes along Lake Michigan impacts local observations of high ozone events. Previous manned aircraft and UAS observations have demonstrated non-uniform ozone concentrations within and above the marine layer over water and within shoreline environments. During the 2021 Wisconsin's Dynamic Influence of Shoreline Circulations on Ozone (WiscoDISCO-21) campaign, two UAS platforms, a fixed-wing (University of Colorado RAAVEN) and a multirotor (Purdue University DJI M210), were used simultaneously to capture lake breeze during forecasted high ozone events at Chiwaukee Prairie State Natural Area in southeastern Wisconsin from May 21-26, 2021. The RAAVEN platform (data DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5142491) measured temperature, humidity, and 3-D winds during 2-hour flights following two separate flight patterns up to 3 times per day at altitudes reaching 500 m above ground level. The M210 platform (data DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5160346) measured vertical profiles of temperature, humidity and ozone during 15-minute flights up to 6 times per day at altitudes reaching 120 m above ground level (AGL) near to a WI-DNR ground monitoring station (AIRS ID: 55-059-0019). This campaign was conducted in conjunction with the Enhanced Ozone Monitoring plan from WI-DNR that included Doppler lidar wind profiler observations at the site (data DOI:10.5281/zenodo.5213039). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between 24 January and 15 February 2020, small uncrewed aircraft systems (sUAS) were deployed to Morgan Lewis (Barbados) as part of the Atlantic Tradewind Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Interaction Campaign (ATOMIC), a sister project to the ElUcidating the RolE of Cloud-Circulation Coupling in ClimAte (EUREC4A) project. The observations from ATOMIC and EUREC4A were aimed at improving our understanding of trade-wind cumulus clouds and the environmental regimes supporting them, and involved the deployment of a wide variety of observational assets, including aircraft, ships, surface-based systems and profilers. The current manuscript describes ATOMIC observations obtained using the University of Colorado Boulder RAAVEN sUAS. This platform collected nearly 80 hours of data throughout the lowest kilometer of the atmosphere, sampling the near-shore environment upwind from Barbados. Data from these platforms are publicly available through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Center for Environmental Intelligence (NCEI) archive. The primary DOI for the quality-controlled dataset described in this manuscript is 10.25921/jhnd-8e58 (de Boer et al., 2021). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between 14 and 20 July 2018, small remotely-piloted aircraft systems (RPAS) were deployed to the San Luis Valley of Colorado (USA) together with a variety of surface-based remote and in-situ sensors, and radiosonde systems as part of the Lower Atmospheric Profiling Studies at Elevation – a Remotely-piloted Aircraft Team Experiment (LAPSE-RATE). The observations from LAPSE-RATE were aimed at improving our understanding of boundary layer structure, cloud and aerosol properties and surface-atmosphere exchange, and provide detailed information to support model evaluation and improvement work. The current manuscript describes the observations obtained using four different types of RPAS deployed by the University of Colorado Boulder and Black Swift Technologies. These included the DataHawk2, the Talon and the TTwistor (U. of Colorado) and the S1 (Black Swift Technologies). Together, these aircraft collected over 30 hours of data throughout the northern half of the San Luis Valley, sampling altitudes between the surface and 914 m AGL. Data from these platforms are publicly available through the Zenodo archive, and are co-located with other LAPSE-RATE data as part of the Zenodo LAPSE-RATE community (https://zenodo.org/communities/lapse-rate/). The primary DOIs for these datasets are 10.5281/zenodo.3891620 (DataHawk2, de Boer et al., 2020a), 10.5281/zenodo.4096451 (Talon, de Boer et al., 2020b), 10.5281/zenodo.4110626 (TTWISTOR, de Boer et al., 2020c), and 10.5281/zenodo.3861831 (S1, Elston and Stachura, 2020). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between 14 and 20 July 2018, small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) were deployed to the San Luis Valley of Colorado (USA) alongside surface-based remote, in-situ sensors, and radiosonde systems as part of the Lower Atmospheric Profiling Studies at Elevation - a Remotely-piloted Aircraft Team Experiment (LAPSE-RATE). The measurements collected as part of LAPSE-RATE targeted quantities related to enhancing our understanding of boundary layer structure, cloud and aerosol properties and surface-atmosphere exchange, and provide detailed information to support model evaluation and improvement work. Additionally, intensive intercomparison between the different unmanned aircraft platforms was completed. The current manuscript describes the observations obtained using three different types of surface-based mobile observing vehicles. These included the University of Colorado Mobile UAS Research Collaboratory (MURC), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Severe Storms Laboratory Mobile Mesonet, and two University of Nebraska Combined Mesonet and Tracker (CoMeT) vehicles. Over the one-week campaign, a total of 143 hours of data were collected using this combination of vehicles. The data from these coordinated activities provide detailed perspectives on the spatial variability of atmospheric state parameters (air temperature, humidity, pressure, and wind) throughout the northern half of the San Luis Valley. These data sets have been checked for quality and published to the Zenodo data archive under a specific community set up for LAPSE-RATE (https://zenodo.org/communities/lapse-rate/) and are accessible at no cost by all registered users. The primary dataset DOIs are https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814765 (CU MURC measurements; de Boer et al., 2020d), https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3738175 (NSSL MM measurements; Waugh, 2020) and https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3838724 (UNL CoMeT measurements; Houston and Erwin., 2020). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: For children with probable mediastinal lymphoma and high risk of cardiorespiratory morbidity, many centers recommend that the diagnostic biopsy be delayed for 24-48 hours while corticosteroids are administered to reduce tumor size and morbidity. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of pre-operative steroid use on the accuracy of the pathologic diagnosis and incidence of peri-operative cardiorespiratory morbidity. Methods: From 1988 to 1998, 86 children were treated for mediastinal lymphoma. 23 received steroid prior to biopsy (study group) and the remaining 63 served as controls. Clinical parameters, steroid use, and detailed pathologic studies obtained at initial and subsequent biopsies were reviewed. Steroid treatment was considered to have an adverse effect on the pathologic diagnosis if (1) definitive diagnosis was delayed more that 1 month, (2) definitive diagnosis could not be made or (3) the extent of disease could not be staged with certainty. Results: Steroid treatment had an adverse effect on the pathologic diagnosis in 5 of 23 (22%; 95% confidence interval, 7-44%) children: 1 diagnostic delay, 3 failures of a definitive diagnoses, and I failure of staging. A definitive diagnosis was made in all control patients. Peri-operative survival was 100% in both groups. At biopsy, only 3 children in the steroid treatment group and 2 children in the control group had moderate, non-fatal cardiorespiratory instability. Parameters of steroid use among children who had inaccurate pathologic diagnoses or cardiorespiratory morbidity were not significantly different from those who did not. Conclusions: Pre-biopsy steroids will adversely affect the pathologic accuracy of the later biopsy in some cases. The dose and duration of steroid use was not related to outcome. The use of steroids decreases the risks of cardiorespiratory morbidity in high risk patients., Steven Borenstein MD(1), Ted Gerstle MD(1), David Malkin MD(2), Paul Thorner MD(3), and Robert Filler MD, FAAP(1); (1)Departments of General Surgery, (2)Hematology/Oncology and (3)Pathology, The Hospital For Sick Children, Toronto, [...]

In this article, we present a noncontact technique for measuring objects in motion with a laser tracker without need of the laser tracker following the object. This method allows the dynamic state of an object to be measured while, to the laser tracker, the object appears to be stationary. Through temporal aliasing, this technique decomposes the dynamic frame of an object into an instantaneous stationary frame of reference with respect to the laser tracker. The Pixel Probe and laser tracker are used to demonstrate this method. The frame rate of the three cameras in the Pixel Probe are adjusted to selectively alias the motion of an object into a stationary frame of reference. By triggering the cameras in the Pixel Probe at an appropriate frequency, the object in motion appears stationary to the Pixel Probe and therefore to the laser tracker as well. This allows spatial metrology to be performed on a dynamic object without the need to operate the laser tracker dynamically. We present measurements of rigid optical targets under both stationary and dynamic conditions. The dimensions of the rigid targets should be the same for both the static and dynamic cases; therefore, these targets provide a controlled experiment. These data are used to validate this technique by providing a direct comparison of accuracy between the use of aliasing with the Pixel Probe to the stationary case. Measurements for a nonrigid body are also made where a mass at the end of a string is constantly rotated at several frequencies. The dynamic 3D motion of the rotating mass is measured and compared to the predictions of Newtonian mechanics. We show that through the purely spatial measurements made with this technique, the rotation frequency of the mass can be determined to less than 1 percent. Furthermore, this technique may enable 3D characterization and calibration of a laser tracker under dynamic conditions, as the laser tracker motion can be decoupled from the calibration target motion, thus allowing direct determination of the dynamic performance of the laser tracker.