18 results on '"Borchardt CM"'
Search Results
2. Treatment of school refusal: one-year follow-up.
- Author
-
Bernstein GA, Hektner JM, Borchardt CM, and McMillan MH
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Combined Modality Therapy, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Regression Analysis, Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic therapeutic use, Anxiety Disorders therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Depressive Disorder therapy, Imipramine therapeutic use, Student Dropouts psychology
- Abstract
Objective: To conduct a 1-year follow-up of anxious-depressed school-refusing adolescents who participated in an 8-week study of imipramine versus placebo, each in combination with cognitive-behavioral therapy., Method: Sixty-five percent (41 of 63) of the randomly assigned subjects returned for follow-up evaluation, which consisted of diagnostic interviews, clinician rating scales for anxiety and depression, family functioning measure, and a questionnaire regarding interim treatments and school programs., Results: From the adolescent and/or parent perspective, 64.1% met criteria for an anxiety disorder and 33.3% met criteria for a depressive disorder. Remission rates and acquisition rates for specific anxiety and depressive disorders were determined. In the follow-up period, 67.5% received at least one psychotropic medication trial and 77.5% had outpatient therapy. Higher level of somatic complaints on the Anxiety Rating for Children-Revised Physiological subscale at baseline predicted more severe depression on the Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised at follow-up (p = .029)., Conclusions: In this naturalistic follow-up study, there was high utilization of mental health interventions. In addition, a substantial number of subjects met criteria for anxiety and/or depressive disorders 1 year after treatment. Investigation of duration of acute treatments and evaluation of maintenance treatments for school refusal is needed.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Case study: childhood-onset tardive dyskinesia versus choreoacanthocytosis.
- Author
-
Borchardt CM, Jensen C, Dean CE, and Tori J
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Age of Onset, Chorea blood, Chorea etiology, Chorea physiopathology, Diagnosis, Differential, Drug Therapy, Combination, Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced blood, Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced physiopathology, Humans, Male, Acanthocytes metabolism, Antipsychotic Agents adverse effects, Chorea diagnosis, Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced diagnosis, Thioridazine adverse effects
- Abstract
A male adolescent presented with aggression, depressed mood, and severe movement disorder that developed at age 5 after exposure to neuroleptics. Evaluation revealed acanthocytes in his blood, which led to a differential diagnosis of tardive dyskinesia versus choreoacanthocytosis. However, this is unusually young age of onset for these conditions. Differential diagnosis, medication management of the movement disorder, and pathophysiological mechanisms in tardive dyskinesia and choreoacanthocytosis are discussed.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Imipramine plus cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of school refusal.
- Author
-
Bernstein GA, Borchardt CM, Perwien AR, Crosby RD, Kushner MG, Thuras PD, and Last CG
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic adverse effects, Child, Combined Modality Therapy, Depressive Disorder, Major drug therapy, Depressive Disorder, Major psychology, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Imipramine adverse effects, Male, Phobic Disorders psychology, Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic administration & dosage, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Imipramine administration & dosage, Phobic Disorders drug therapy
- Abstract
Objective: To investigate the efficacy of 8 weeks of imipramine versus placebo in combination with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for the treatment of school-refusing adolescents with comorbid anxiety and major depressive disorders., Method: This was a randomized, double-blind trial with 63 subjects entering the study and 47 completing. Outcome measures were weekly school attendance rates based on percentage of hours attended and anxiety and depression rating scales., Results: Over the course of treatment, school attendance improved significantly for the imipramine group (z = 4.36, p < .001) but not for the placebo group (z = 1.26, not significant). School attendance of the imipramine group improved at a significantly faster rate than did that of the placebo group (z = 2.39, p = .017). Over the 8 weeks of treatment, there was a significant difference between groups on attendance after controlling for baseline attendance; mean attendance rate in the final week was 70.1% +/- 30.6% for the imipramine group and 27.6% +/- 36.1% for the placebo group (p < .001). Defining remission as 75% school attendance, 54.2% of the imipramine group met this criterion after treatment compared with only 16.7% from the placebo group (p = .007). Anxiety and depression rating scales decreased significantly across treatment for both groups, with depression on the Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised decreasing at a significantly faster rate in the imipramine group compared with the placebo group (z = 2.08, p = .037)., Conclusions: Imipramine plus CBT is significantly more efficacious than placebo plus CBT in improving school attendance and decreasing symptoms of depression in school-refusing adolescents with comorbid anxiety and depression.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Somatic symptoms in anxious-depressed school refusers.
- Author
-
Bernstein GA, Massie ED, Thuras PD, Perwien AR, Borchardt CM, and Crosby RD
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Analysis of Variance, Anxiety complications, Anxiety Disorders complications, Anxiety Disorders physiopathology, Chi-Square Distribution, Child, Depression complications, Female, Humans, Linear Models, Logistic Models, Male, Phobic Disorders complications, Placebos, Sampling Studies, Somatoform Disorders complications, Anxiety physiopathology, Depression physiopathology, Phobic Disorders physiopathology, Schools, Somatoform Disorders physiopathology
- Abstract
Objective: To identify the most common physical complaints in a sample of adolescent school refusers with comorbid anxiety and depressive disorders. Whether somatic symptoms are more likely to be associated with high levels of anxiety or high levels of depression was also explored., Method: Forty-four adolescents in a treatment study were evaluated at baseline with structured psychiatric interviews and measures of anxiety, depression, and somatization., Results: The most common somatic complaints were in the autonomic and gastrointestinal categories. In simple regression analyses, anxiety level as measured with the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale and depression level as measured with the Beck Depression Inventory each significantly predicted the severity of somatic symptoms. The correlation between percentage of days absent from school and severity of somatic symptoms approached significance (r = .27, p = .074)., Conclusions: Knowledge that somatic complaints are commonly an expression of underlying anxiety and depression may facilitate more rapid referral for psychiatric assessment and treatment and thereby help avoid unnecessary medical workups and sequelae from school refusal.
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents: a review of the past 10 years.
- Author
-
Bernstein GA, Borchardt CM, and Perwien AR
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Age of Onset, Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic therapeutic use, Anxiety Disorders diagnosis, Anxiety Disorders drug therapy, Anxiety, Separation diagnosis, Anxiety, Separation psychology, Catecholamines urine, Child, Humans, Hydrocortisone analysis, Infant, Mother-Child Relations, Mutism diagnosis, Mutism psychology, Object Attachment, Phobic Disorders diagnosis, Phobic Disorders psychology, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Saliva chemistry, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors therapeutic use, Anxiety Disorders psychology
- Abstract
Objective: To critically review the research on anxiety disorders in children and adolescents, focusing on new developments in the past 10 years., Method: This review includes recent articles which contribute to the conceptualization, assessment, and treatment of childhood anxiety disorders., Results: Information was organized into a developmental framework. Anxiety disorders research has shown steady progress., Conclusions: More research is needed, particularly in the areas of neurobiological basis of anxiety disorders, longitudinal studies, and treatment.
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Comorbidity of major depression and conduct disorder.
- Author
-
Meller WH and Borchardt CM
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Anxiety Disorders diagnosis, Anxiety Disorders epidemiology, Anxiety Disorders psychology, Child, Child Behavior Disorders diagnosis, Child Behavior Disorders psychology, Comorbidity, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depressive Disorder diagnosis, Depressive Disorder psychology, Domestic Violence psychology, Domestic Violence statistics & numerical data, Humans, Impulsive Behavior diagnosis, Impulsive Behavior epidemiology, Impulsive Behavior psychology, Incidence, Juvenile Delinquency psychology, Juvenile Delinquency statistics & numerical data, Patient Admission statistics & numerical data, Regression Analysis, Retrospective Studies, Child Behavior Disorders epidemiology, Depressive Disorder epidemiology
- Abstract
The association of depression and conduct disorder is common and often perplexing in child psychiatry. Using a systematic retrospective chart review, various symptom, demographic and family history variables were compared between depression with comorbid conduct disorder and depression alone. Variables which differed between groups were entered into a stepwise discriminative function analysis. The four variables which discriminated between groups were anxiety, witness to family violence, illegal behavior, and impulsive behavior. The strongest discriminating variable, anxiety, was associated with depression without comorbid conduct disorder. These results emphasize the heterogeneity of childhood depression and potential importance of anxiety.
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Symptoms of affective disorder in pre-adolescent vs. adolescent inpatients
- Author
-
Borchardt CM and Meller WH
- Abstract
This study is a comparison of symptoms between depressed inpatient pre-adolescents and adolescents. One hundred and eight hospital records were reviewed with a structured format and were assigned DSM-III-R (American Psychiatric Association, 1987) diagnoses. Twenty-two pre-adolescents and 34 adolescents had symptoms documented which satisfied criteria for major depression. These two groups were compared on demographic and symptom variables. The majority of variables studied did not differ between age groups. Of those which did, the most predictive of adolescence were melancholia, global improvement rating, and suicide attempts. Temper outbursts, distractibility, and irritability predicted the prepubertal age group.
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Management of blood-drawing fears in adolescents with comorbid anxiety and depressive disorders.
- Author
-
Bernstein GA, Peterson SE, Perwien AR, Borchardt CM, and Kushner MG
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Female, Humans, Male, Phobic Disorders complications, Anxiety Disorders complications, Depressive Disorder complications, Phlebotomy, Phobic Disorders therapy, Psychotherapy
- Abstract
As more pharmacologic treatment and research on child and adolescent psychiatric patients are conducted, the common problem of blood-drawing fears will need to be addressed. Avoidance of blood-drawing could jeopardize an individual's physical and mental health, and inhibit the collection of data aimed at furthering the study of psychiatric disorders in youth. This report describes the naturalistic application of specific techniques for managing severe blood-drawing fears in adolescent subjects undergoing a clinical trial. The adolescents (ages 12-18) were 44 consecutive school refusers with comorbid anxiety and major depressive disorders. Of the school-refusing adolescents, 27% (12 of 44) were observed to have a severe fear of blood-drawing. A management strategy comprised of providing information, distraction, supportive reassurance, and exposure appeared successful in managing the fears of blood-drawing in all of the adolescents, except two. These 2 adolescents refused to enter the treatment study due to a marked fear of blood-drawing. All 10 subjects who exhibited a fear of blood-drawing and were able to complete the initial blood test, using the interventions noted, were able to obtain subsequent venipunctures with minimal or no avoidance behavior. These preliminary findings suggest that blood-drawing fears can be effectively managed in most cases, though controlled studies of these interventions are needed.
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Psychopathology in the families of inpatient affective disordered adolescents.
- Author
-
Borchardt CM, Bernstein GA, and Crosby RD
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Case-Control Studies, Chi-Square Distribution, Fathers psychology, Female, Humans, Length of Stay, Male, Mood Disorders epidemiology, Nuclear Family psychology, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Substance-Related Disorders epidemiology, Bipolar Disorder epidemiology, Depressive Disorder epidemiology, Family Health, Mothers psychology
- Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the rates of psychiatric disorders in the parents of affective disordered adolescent inpatients, and to examine characteristics of the adolescent patients' illnesses and hospital stays for effects of having a concurrently depressed mother. Twenty-three percent of the depressed probands (N = 33), 20% of the bipolar group (N = 10), and 9% of the psychiatric control group (N = 11) had mothers who reported major depression (MD) at the time of hospitalization. Concurrent maternal depression did not have prominent effects on the course of the adolescents' hospitalizations.
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Comorbid disorders in hospitalized bipolar adolescents compared with unipolar depressed adolescents.
- Author
-
Borchardt CM and Bernstein GA
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Bipolar Disorder diagnosis, Bipolar Disorder psychology, Comorbidity, Depressive Disorder diagnosis, Depressive Disorder psychology, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Disorders diagnosis, Mental Disorders epidemiology, Mental Disorders psychology, Minnesota epidemiology, Risk Factors, Substance-Related Disorders diagnosis, Substance-Related Disorders epidemiology, Substance-Related Disorders psychology, Bipolar Disorder epidemiology, Depressive Disorder epidemiology, Patient Admission statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
This study examined comorbid psychiatric disorders in adolescents with bipolar disorder. Hospitalized bipolar adolescents (N = 10) were compared to hospitalized adolescents with unipolar depression (N = 33), and to adolescents with nonaffective psychiatric disorders (N = 11). Results showed conduct disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, psychosis, and having any DSM-III-R psychoactive substance use disorder were all significantly more common in the bipolar group than the unipolar depressed group. Comorbid anxiety disorder was present in 40-45% of the subjects in the unipolar and bipolar groups, but in none of the control group subjects.
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. A comparison of inpatient and outpatient school refusers.
- Author
-
Borchardt CM, Giesler J, Bernstein GA, and Crosby RD
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Antidepressive Agents therapeutic use, Anxiety Disorders diagnosis, Anxiety Disorders etiology, Child, Preschool, Depressive Disorder diagnosis, Depressive Disorder drug therapy, Depressive Disorder etiology, Hospitals, Psychiatric, Humans, Length of Stay, Mood Disorders diagnosis, Mood Disorders etiology, Phobic Disorders diagnosis, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychology, Adolescent, Psychology, Child, Retrospective Studies, Schools, Ambulatory Care, Hospitalization, Phobic Disorders psychology, Phobic Disorders rehabilitation, Students psychology
- Abstract
This study describes children and adolescents with school refusal who were hospitalized and compares them to a matched group with school refusal who were treated as outpatients in order to examine the use of hospitalization in the treatment of this symptom presentation. The results showed the inpatient group had significantly more depressive disorder, a greater number of diagnoses, more severe symptoms, were more likely to reside in single-parent homes, and were more likely to have been physically abused.
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Predictors of length of stay of psychiatric adolescent inpatients.
- Author
-
Borchardt CM and Garfinkel BD
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Female, Humans, Male, Neurocognitive Disorders psychology, Neurocognitive Disorders therapy, Psychotropic Drugs therapeutic use, Dangerous Behavior, Length of Stay, Mental Disorders psychology, Mental Disorders therapy, Personality Development, Social Environment
- Abstract
This study reviewed 158 consecutive admissions to an inpatient adolescent psychiatric service for factors that determine length of hospitalization. Variables associated with length of stay included diagnostic category and the treatment variables of number and type of psychotropic medications prescribed. Patients with disruptive behavior disorders had the shortest hospitalizations, those with anxiety and affective disorders had stays of intermediate length, and patients with psychotic/organic disorders had the longest hospitalizations. Treatment with lithium, neuroleptics, or tricyclic antidepressants was associated with longer stays. Demographic variables and variables describing the social and family situation or level of dangerousness were not significantly associated with length of hospitalization.
- Published
- 1991
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Anxiety disorders of childhood and adolescence: a critical review.
- Author
-
Bernstein GA and Borchardt CM
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Anxiety Disorders therapy, Child, Humans, Personality Development, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Risk Factors, Social Environment, Anxiety Disorders psychology
- Abstract
The 1980s were a decade of advancement in the knowledge of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents; this sets the stage for research achievements in the 1990s. This review examines the anxiety disorders of childhood and adolescence (separation anxiety disorder, overanxious disorder, and avoidant disorder), including prevalence rates, demographic profiles, comparisons of clinical presentations in different developmental age groups, and comorbidity patterns. Fears and simple phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and panic disorder in children and adolescents are also evaluated. The controversy of whether panic attacks occur in prepubertal children is addressed. A brief review of behavioral and pharmacological treatment studies is included. Future directions for research are suggested.
- Published
- 1991
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Low dose tricyclic tachycardia.
- Author
-
Giesler J, Reeve E, and Borchardt CM
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Depressive Disorder psychology, Desipramine administration & dosage, Electrocardiography, Ambulatory drug effects, Female, Humans, Nortriptyline administration & dosage, Depressive Disorder drug therapy, Desipramine adverse effects, Nortriptyline adverse effects, Tachycardia chemically induced
- Published
- 1991
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Comparative studies of pharmacotherapy for school refusal.
- Author
-
Bernstein GA, Garfinkel BD, and Borchardt CM
- Subjects
- Adjustment Disorders drug therapy, Adolescent, Anxiety Disorders drug therapy, Child, Depressive Disorder drug therapy, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Alprazolam therapeutic use, Imipramine therapeutic use, Phobic Disorders drug therapy
- Abstract
Two studies compared alprazolam and imipramine in the treatment of school refusal. In an open label study (N = 17), two-thirds of the subjects completing a trial in both the alprazolam and imipramine groups showed moderate to marked global improvement in symptoms of anxiety and depression. In the double-blind, placebo-controlled study (N = 24), posttreatment scores calculated as change from baseline on the Anxiety Rating for Children were significantly different (p = .03) among the three treatment groups, with the active medication groups showing the most improvement. Additionally, on all depression rating scales, similar trends were evident with the alprazolam and imipramine groups demonstrating greater improvement than the placebo group. However, analyses of covariance (with pretreatment scores as the covariates) showed no significant differences among the three treatment groups on change in anxiety and depression scales. Thus, additional research is needed to determine whether trends in this study are explained by drug effect or baseline differences on rating scales.
- Published
- 1990
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. A review of ECT for children and adolescents.
- Author
-
Bertagnoli MW and Borchardt CM
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Bipolar Disorder therapy, Depressive Disorder therapy, Electroconvulsive Therapy methods, Schizophrenia, Disorganized therapy
- Abstract
Two cases of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in adolescence are presented and the literature on the use of ECT in childhood and adolescence is reviewed. ECT was effective in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder and depression. Inadequate information exists to make a judgment regarding schizophrenia, delirium, and anorexia nervosa. ECT is not effective in autism and chronic organic brain syndromes. Complications cited include organicity and seizures in the period immediately after ECT, anxiety reactions, and disinhibition. Long-term memory deficit or cognitive impairment has not been found, although further research to rule out residual impairment is needed.
- Published
- 1990
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Delirium and the resolution of depression.
- Author
-
Borchardt CM and Popkin MK
- Subjects
- Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic therapeutic use, Delirium chemically induced, Delirium etiology, Depressive Disorder drug therapy, Disease complications, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Delirium psychology, Depressive Disorder psychology
- Abstract
Two cases are presented in which a long-standing depressive disorder remitted after a protracted delirium associated with the exacerbation of a major medical illness. Although improvement in medical conditions may have contributed to the result, the courses of the affective and medical conditions varied independently before and after the episode of delirium. The prospect of a restitutive function for delirium is further supported by a review of six cases of tricyclic-induced delirium in patients with medical depressive syndromes: the three patients who achieved full resolution of the delirium showed affective improvement.
- Published
- 1987
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.