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4. Applying Machine Learning Methods to Enhance the Distribution of Social Services in Mexico

Author

Sankaran, Kris, Garcia-Olano, Diego, Javed, Mobin, Alcala-Durand, Maria Fernanda, De Unánue, Adolfo, van der Boor, Paul, Potash, Eric, Avalos, Roberto Sánchez, Encinas, Luis Iñaki Alberro, and Ghani, Rayid

Subjects
Statistics - Applications
Abstract

The Government of Mexico's social development agency, SEDESOL, is responsible for the administration of social services and has the mission of lifting Mexican families out of poverty. One key challenge they face is matching people who have social service needs with the services SEDESOL can provide accurately and efficiently. In this work we describe two specific applications implemented in collaboration with SEDESOL to enhance their distribution of social services. The first problem relates to systematic underreporting on applications for social services, which makes it difficult to identify where to prioritize outreach. Responding that five people reside in a home when only three do is a type of underreporting that could occur while a social worker conducts a home survey with a family to determine their eligibility for services. The second involves approximating multidimensional poverty profiles across households. That is, can we characterize different types of vulnerabilities -- for example, food insecurity and lack of health services -- faced by those in poverty? We detail the problem context, available data, our machine learning formulation, experimental results, and effective feature sets. As far as we are aware this is the first time government data of this scale has been used to combat poverty within Mexico. We found that survey data alone can suggest potential underreporting. Further, we found geographic features useful for housing and service related indicators and transactional data informative for other dimensions of poverty. The results from our machine learning system for estimating poverty profiles will directly help better match 7.4 million individuals to social programs., Comment: This work was done as part of the 2016 Eric & Wendy Schmidt Data Science for Social Good Summer Fellowship at the University of Chicago

Published
2017

8. The Alarmin IL-33 Exacerbates Pulmonary Inflammation and Immune Dysfunction in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Author

Wang, Hui, primary, Hosakote, Yashoda, additional, Boor, Paul, additional, Yang, Jun, additional, Zhang, Yuanyi, additional, Yu, Xiaoying, additional, Gonzales, Casey, additional, Levine, Corri, additional, McLellan, Susan L. F., additional, Cloutier, Nicole, additional, Xie, Xuping, additional, Shi, Pei-Yong, additional, Ren, Ping, additional, Hu, Haitao, additional, Sun, Keer, additional, Soong, Lynn, additional, Sun, Jiaren, additional, and Liang, Yuejin, additional

Published
2024
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11. Exchange protein directly activated by cAMP plays a critical role in bacterial invasion during fatal rickettsioses

Author

Gong, Bin, Shelite, Thomas, Mei, Fang C, Ha, Tuha, Hu, Yaohua, Xu, Guang, Chang, Qing, Wakamiya, Maki, Ksiazek, Thomas G, Boor, Paul J, Bouyer, Donald H, Popov, Vsevolod L, Chen, Ju, Walker, David H, and Cheng, Xiaodong

Subjects
Biodefense, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Infectious Diseases, Vaccine Related, Prevention, Rare Diseases, Vector-Borne Diseases, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Animals, Bacterial Adhesion, Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells, Humans, Hydrazones, Immunohistochemistry, Isoxazoles, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Knockout, Rickettsia Infections, Signal Transduction, rickettsial infection, cyclic AMP, Epac inhibitor, therapeutics, prophylaxis
Abstract

Rickettsiae are responsible for some of the most devastating human infections. A high infectivity and severe illness after inhalation make some rickettsiae bioterrorism threats. We report that deletion of the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac) gene, Epac1, in mice protects them from an ordinarily lethal dose of rickettsiae. Inhibition of Epac1 suppresses bacterial adhesion and invasion. Most importantly, pharmacological inhibition of Epac1 in vivo using an Epac-specific small-molecule inhibitor, ESI-09, completely recapitulates the Epac1 knockout phenotype. ESI-09 treatment dramatically decreases the morbidity and mortality associated with fatal spotted fever rickettsiosis. Our results demonstrate that Epac1-mediated signaling represents a mechanism for host-pathogen interactions and that Epac1 is a potential target for the prevention and treatment of fatal rickettsioses.

Published
2013

15. Data from RLIP76 Is a Major Determinant of Radiation Sensitivity

Author

Awasthi, Sanjay, primary, Singhal, Sharad S., primary, Yadav, Sushma, primary, Singhal, Jyotsana, primary, Drake, Kenneth, primary, Nadkar, Aalok, primary, Zajac, Ewa, primary, Wickramarachchi, Dilki, primary, Rowe, Nancy, primary, Yacoub, Adly, primary, Boor, Paul, primary, Dwivedi, Seema, primary, Dent, Paul, primary, Jarman, Wendy E., primary, John, Berchmans, primary, and Awasthi, Yogesh C., primary

Published
2023
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17. Supplementary Data from RLIP76 Is a Major Determinant of Radiation Sensitivity

Author

Awasthi, Sanjay, primary, Singhal, Sharad S., primary, Yadav, Sushma, primary, Singhal, Jyotsana, primary, Drake, Kenneth, primary, Nadkar, Aalok, primary, Zajac, Ewa, primary, Wickramarachchi, Dilki, primary, Rowe, Nancy, primary, Yacoub, Adly, primary, Boor, Paul, primary, Dwivedi, Seema, primary, Dent, Paul, primary, Jarman, Wendy E., primary, John, Berchmans, primary, and Awasthi, Yogesh C., primary

Published
2023
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24. Differential Expression of miRNAs in Trichloroethene-Mediated Inflammatory/Autoimmune Response and Its Modulation by Sulforaphane: Delineating the Role of miRNA-21 and miRNA-690

Author

Banerjee, Nivedita, Wang, Hui, Wang, Gangduo, Boor, Paul J., and Khan, M. Firoze

Subjects
Inflammation, Immunology, Autoimmunity, Antioxidants, Autoimmune Diseases, Trichloroethylene, Mice, MicroRNAs, Isothiocyanates, Sulfoxides, Animals, Immunology and Allergy, Female, Corn Oil
Abstract

Trichloroethene (TCE), an occupational and ubiquitous environmental contaminant, is associated with the induction of autoimmune diseases (ADs). Although oxidative stress plays a major role in TCE-mediated autoimmunity, the underlying molecular mechanisms still need to be delineated. Altered non-coding RNAs, including the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs), can influence target genes, especially related to apoptosis and inflammation, and contribute to ADs. Therefore, the objective of this study was to delineate the contribution of miRNAs in TCE-mediated inflammatory and autoimmune response. To achieve this, we treated female MRL+/+ mice with TCE (10 mmol/kg in corn oil, i.p., every fourth day) with/without antioxidant sulforaphane (SFN; 8 mg/kg in corn oil, i.p., every other day) for 6 weeks. With the use of miRNA microarray, 293 miRNAs were analyzed, which included 35 miRNAs that were relevant to inflammation and ADs. Among those 35 miRNAs, 8 were modulated by TCE and/or TCE+SFN exposure. TCE treatment led to increased expression of 3 miRNAs and also decreased expression of 3 miRNAs. Interestingly, among the 35 differentially expressed miRNAs, antioxidant SFN modulated the expression of 6 miRNAs. Based on the microarray findings, we subsequently focused on two miRNAs (miRNA-21 and miRNA-690), which are known to be involved in inflammation and autoimmune response. The increases in miRNA-21 and miR-690 (observed using miRNA microarray) were further validated by RT-PCR, and the TCE-mediated increases in miR-21 and miR-690 were ameliorated by SFN treatment. Modulating miR-21 and miR-690 by respective inhibitors or mimics suppressed the expression of NF-κB (p65) and IL-12 in RAW 264.7 cells. Our findings suggest a contributory role of miR-21 and miR-690 in TCE-mediated and its metabolite dichloroacetyl chloride (DCAC)-mediated inflammation and autoimmune response and support that antioxidant SFN could be a potential therapeutic candidate for inflammatory responses and ADs.

Published
2022
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25. Supplementary Methods.docx

Author

Srinivasan, Mukund, Bhopale, Kamlesh, Caracheo, Anna, Kaphalia, Lata, Popov, Vsevolod, Boor, Paul, and Kaphalia, Bhupendra

Abstract

Supplementary methods

Published
2022
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36. Cell-Type Apoptosis in Lung during SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Author

Liu, Yakun, primary, Garron, Tania M., additional, Chang, Qing, additional, Su, Zhengchen, additional, Zhou, Changcheng, additional, Qiu, Yuan, additional, Gong, Eric C., additional, Zheng, Junying, additional, Yin, Y. Whitney, additional, Ksiazek, Thomas, additional, Brasel, Trevor, additional, Jin, Yang, additional, Boor, Paul, additional, Comer, Jason E., additional, and Gong, Bin, additional

Published
2021
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39. Mediating [delta]-opioid-initiated heart protection via the [[beta].sub.2]-adrenergic receptor: role of the intrinsic cardiac adrenergic cell

Author

Huang, Ming-He, Wang, Hui-Qun, Roeske, William R., Birnbaum, Yochai, Wu, Yewen, Yang, Ning-Ping, Lin, Yu, Ye, Yumei, McAdoo, David J., Hughes, Michael G., Lick, Scott D., Boor, Paul J., Lui, Charles Y., and Uretsky, Barry F.

Subjects
Myocardial ischemia -- Research, Muscle cells -- Research, Cellular control mechanisms -- Research, Epinephrine -- Research, Opioids -- Receptors, Opioids -- Research, Cardiovascular research, Biological sciences
Abstract

Stimulation of cardiac [[beta].sub.2]-adrenergic receptor ([[beta].sub.2]-AR) or [delta]-opioid receptor (DOR) exerts a similar degree of cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia in experimental models. We hypothesized that [delta]-opioid-initiated cardioprotection is mediated by the intrinsic cardiac adrenergic (ICA) cell via enhanced epinephrine release. Using immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization methods, we detected in situ tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA and TH immunoreactivity that was colocalized with DOR immunoreactivity in ICA cells in human and rat hearts. Western blot analysis detected DOR protein in ICA cells isolated from rat ventricular myocytes. The physiology of DOR expression was examined by determining changes of cytosolic [Ca.sup.2+] concentration ([[[Ca.sup.2+]].sub.i]) transients in isolated rat ICA cells using fluorescence spectrophotometry. Exposing the selective [delta]-opioid agonist D-[[Pen.sup.2,5]]enkephalin (DPDPE) to ICA cells increased [[[Ca.sup.2+]].sub.i] transients in a concentration-dependent manner. Such an effect was abolished by the [Ca.sup.2+] channel blocker nifedipine. HPLC-electrochemical detection demonstrated a 2.4-fold increase in epinephrine release from ICA cells following DPDPE application. The significance of the ICA cell and its epinephrine release in [delta]-opioid-initiated cardioprotection was demonstrated in the rat myocardial infarction model and ICA cell-ventricular myocyte coculture. DPDPE administered before coronary artery occlusion or simulated ischemia-reperfusion reduced left ventricular infarct size by 54 [+ or -] 15% or myocyte death by 26 [+ or -] 4%, respectively. [[beta].sub.2]-AR blockade markedly attenuated [delta]-opioid-initiated infarct size-limiting effect and abolished [delta]-opioid-initiated myocyte survival protection in rat ICA cell-myocyte coculture. Furthermore, [delta]-opioid agonist exerted no myocyte survival protection in the absence of cocultured ICA cells during ischemia-reperfusion. We conclude that [delta]-opioid-initiated myocardial infarct size reduction is primarily mediated via endogenous epinephrine/[[beta].sub.2]-AR signaling pathway as a result of ICA cell activation. [delta]-opioid receptor; epinephrine; myocardial ischemia doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01195.2006

Published
2007

48. Cell-type apoptosis in lung during SARS-CoV-2 infection

Author

Liu, Yakun, primary, Garron, Tania M., additional, Chang, Qing, additional, Su, Zhengchen, additional, Zhou, Changcheng, additional, Gong, Eric C., additional, Zheng, Junying, additional, Yin, Yw, additional, Ksiazek, Thomas, additional, Brasel, Trevor, additional, Jin, Yang, additional, Boor, Paul, additional, Comer, Jason E., additional, and Gong, Bin, additional

Published
2020
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50. Building loads imposed by mono and bi-fold doors

Author

Boor, Paul

Subjects
Construction and materials industries
Abstract

Post-frame buildings are frequently used to store and maintain equipment of various types. The size of post-frame buildings and the openings in those buildings have increased as the articles and [...]

Published
2011

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