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16. Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover

Author

Santangelo, J.S., Ness, R.W., Cohan, B., Fitzpatrick, C.R., Innes, S.G., Koch, S., Miles, L.S., Munim, S., Peres-Neto, P.R., Prashad, C., Tong, A.T., Aguirre, W.E., Akinwole, P.O., Alberti, M., Álvarez, J., Anderson, J.T., Anderson, J.J., Ando, Y., Andrew, N.R., Angeoletto, F., Anstett, D.N., Anstett, J., Aoki-Gonçalves, F., Arietta, A.Z.A., Arroyo, M.T.K., Austen, E.J., Baena-Díaz, F., Barker, C.A., Baylis, H.A., Beliz, J.M., Benitez-Mora, A., Bickford, D., Biedebach, G., Blackburn, G.S., Boehm, M.M.A., Bonser, S.P., Bonte, D., Bragger, J.R., Branquinho, C., Brans, K.I., Bresciano, J.C., Brom, P.D., Bucharova, A., Burt, B., Cahill, J.F., Campbell, K.D., Carlen, E.J., Carmona, D., Castellanos, M.C., Centenaro, G., Chalen, I., Chaves, J.A., Chávez-Pesqueira, M., Chen, X-Y, Chilton, A.M., Chomiak, K.M., Cisneros-Heredia, D.F., Cisse, I.K., Classen, A.T., Comerford, M.S., Fradinger, C.C., Corney, H., Crawford, A.J., Crawford, K.M., Dahirel, M., David, S., De Haan, R., Deacon, N.J., Dean, C., del-Val, E., Deligiannis, E.K., Denney, D., Dettlaff, M.A., DiLeo, M.F., Ding, Y-Y, Domínguez-López, M.E., Dominoni, D.M., Draud, S.L., Dyson, K., Ellers, J., Espinosa, C.I., Essi, L., Falahati-Anbaran, M., Falcão, J.C.F., Fargo, H.T., Fellowes, M.D.E., Fitzpatrick, R.M., Flaherty, L.E., Flood, P. J., Flores, M.F., Fornoni, J., Foster, A.G., Frost, C.J., Fuentes, T.L., Fulkerson, J.R., Gagnon, E., Garbsch, F., Garroway, C.J., Gerstein, A.C., Giasson, M.M., Girdler, E.B., Gkelis, S., Godsoe, W., Golemiec, A.M., Golemiec, M., González-Lagos, C., Gorton, A.J., Gotanda, K.M., Granath, G., Greiner, S., Griffiths, J.S., Grilo, F., Gundel, P.E., Hamilton, B., Hardin, J.M., He, T., Heard, S.B., Henriques, A.F., Hernández-Poveda, M., Hetherington-Rauth, M.C., Hill, S.J., Hochuli, D.F., Hodgins, K.A., Hood, G.R., Hopkins, G.R., Hovanes, K.A., Howard, A.R., Hubbard, S.C., Ibarra-Cerdeña, C.N., Iñiguez-Armijos, C., Jara-Arancio, P., Jarrett, B.J.M., Jeannot, M., Jiménez-Lobato, V., Johnson, M., Johnson, O., Johnson, P.P., Johnson, R., Josephson, M.P., Jung, M.C., Just, M.G., Kahilainen, A., Kailing, O.S., Kariñho-Betancourt, E., Karousou, R., Kirn, L.A., Kirschbaum, A., Laine, A-L, LaMontagne, J.M., Lampei, C., Lara, C., Larson, E.L., Lázaro-Lobo, A., Le, J.H., Leandro, D.S., Lee, C., Lei, Y., León, C.A., Lequerica Tamara, M.E., Levesque, D.C., Liao, W-J, Ljubotina, M., Locke, H., Lockett, M.T., Longo, T.C., Lundholm, J.T., MacGillavry, T., Mackin, C.R., Mahmoud, A.R., Manju, I.A., Mariën, J., Martínez, D.N., Martínez-Bartolomé, M., Meineke, E.K., Mendoza-Arroyo, W., Merritt, T. J.S., Merritt, L.E.L., Migiani, G., Minor, E.S., Mitchell, N., Mohammadi Bazargani, M., Moles, A.T., Monk, J.D., Moore, C.M., Morales-Morales, P.A., Moyers, B.T., Muñoz-Rojas, M., Munshi-South, J., Murphy, S.M., Murúa, M.M., Neila, M., Nikolaidis, O., Njunjić, I., Nosko, P., Núñez-Farfán, J., Ohgushi, T., Olsen, K.M., Opedal, Ø.H., Ornelas, C., Parachnowitsch, A.L., Paratore, A.S., Parody-Merino, A.M., Paule, J., Paulo, O.S., Pena, J.C., Pfeiffer, V.W., Pinho, P., Piot, A., Porth, I.M., Poulos, N., Puentes, A., Qu, J., Quintero-Vallejo, E., Raciti, S.M., Raeymaekers, J.A.M., Raveala, K.M., Rennison, D.J., Ribeiro, M.C., Richardson, J.L., Rivas-Torres, G., Rivera, B. J., Roddy, A.B., Rodriguez-Muñoz, E., Román, J.R., Rossi, L.S., Rowntree, J.K., Ryan, T.J., Salinas, S., Sanders, N.J., Santiago-Rosario, L.Y., Savage, A.M., Scheepens, J.F., Schilthuizen, M., Schneider, A.C., Scholier, T., Scott, J.L., Shaheed, S.A., Shefferson, R.P., Shepard, C.A., Shykoff, J.A., Silveira, G., Smith, A.D., Solis-Gabriel, L., Soro, A., Spellman, K.V., Whitney, K.S., Starke-Ottich, I., Stephan, J.G., Stephens, J.D., Szulc, J., Szulkin, M., Tack, A.J.M., Tamburrino, Í., Tate, T.D., Tergemina, E., Theodorou, P., Thompson, K.A., Threlfall, C.G., Tinghitella, R.M., Toledo-Chelala, L., Tong, X., Uroy, L., Utsumi, S., Vandegehuchte, M.L., VanWallendael, A., Vidal, P.M., Wadgymar, S.M., Wang, A-Y, Wang, N., Warbrick, M.L., Whitney, K.D., Wiesmeier, M., Wiles, J.T., Wu, J., Xirocostas, Z.A., Yan, Z., Yao, J., Yoder, J.B., Yoshida, O., Zhang, J., Zhao, Z., Ziter, C.D., Zuellig, M.P., Zufall, R.A., Zurita, J.E., Zytynska, S.E., Johnson, M.T.J., Santangelo, J.S., Ness, R.W., Cohan, B., Fitzpatrick, C.R., Innes, S.G., Koch, S., Miles, L.S., Munim, S., Peres-Neto, P.R., Prashad, C., Tong, A.T., Aguirre, W.E., Akinwole, P.O., Alberti, M., Álvarez, J., Anderson, J.T., Anderson, J.J., Ando, Y., Andrew, N.R., Angeoletto, F., Anstett, D.N., Anstett, J., Aoki-Gonçalves, F., Arietta, A.Z.A., Arroyo, M.T.K., Austen, E.J., Baena-Díaz, F., Barker, C.A., Baylis, H.A., Beliz, J.M., Benitez-Mora, A., Bickford, D., Biedebach, G., Blackburn, G.S., Boehm, M.M.A., Bonser, S.P., Bonte, D., Bragger, J.R., Branquinho, C., Brans, K.I., Bresciano, J.C., Brom, P.D., Bucharova, A., Burt, B., Cahill, J.F., Campbell, K.D., Carlen, E.J., Carmona, D., Castellanos, M.C., Centenaro, G., Chalen, I., Chaves, J.A., Chávez-Pesqueira, M., Chen, X-Y, Chilton, A.M., Chomiak, K.M., Cisneros-Heredia, D.F., Cisse, I.K., Classen, A.T., Comerford, M.S., Fradinger, C.C., Corney, H., Crawford, A.J., Crawford, K.M., Dahirel, M., David, S., De Haan, R., Deacon, N.J., Dean, C., del-Val, E., Deligiannis, E.K., Denney, D., Dettlaff, M.A., DiLeo, M.F., Ding, Y-Y, Domínguez-López, M.E., Dominoni, D.M., Draud, S.L., Dyson, K., Ellers, J., Espinosa, C.I., Essi, L., Falahati-Anbaran, M., Falcão, J.C.F., Fargo, H.T., Fellowes, M.D.E., Fitzpatrick, R.M., Flaherty, L.E., Flood, P. J., Flores, M.F., Fornoni, J., Foster, A.G., Frost, C.J., Fuentes, T.L., Fulkerson, J.R., Gagnon, E., Garbsch, F., Garroway, C.J., Gerstein, A.C., Giasson, M.M., Girdler, E.B., Gkelis, S., Godsoe, W., Golemiec, A.M., Golemiec, M., González-Lagos, C., Gorton, A.J., Gotanda, K.M., Granath, G., Greiner, S., Griffiths, J.S., Grilo, F., Gundel, P.E., Hamilton, B., Hardin, J.M., He, T., Heard, S.B., Henriques, A.F., Hernández-Poveda, M., Hetherington-Rauth, M.C., Hill, S.J., Hochuli, D.F., Hodgins, K.A., Hood, G.R., Hopkins, G.R., Hovanes, K.A., Howard, A.R., Hubbard, S.C., Ibarra-Cerdeña, C.N., Iñiguez-Armijos, C., Jara-Arancio, P., Jarrett, B.J.M., Jeannot, M., Jiménez-Lobato, V., Johnson, M., Johnson, O., Johnson, P.P., Johnson, R., Josephson, M.P., Jung, M.C., Just, M.G., Kahilainen, A., Kailing, O.S., Kariñho-Betancourt, E., Karousou, R., Kirn, L.A., Kirschbaum, A., Laine, A-L, LaMontagne, J.M., Lampei, C., Lara, C., Larson, E.L., Lázaro-Lobo, A., Le, J.H., Leandro, D.S., Lee, C., Lei, Y., León, C.A., Lequerica Tamara, M.E., Levesque, D.C., Liao, W-J, Ljubotina, M., Locke, H., Lockett, M.T., Longo, T.C., Lundholm, J.T., MacGillavry, T., Mackin, C.R., Mahmoud, A.R., Manju, I.A., Mariën, J., Martínez, D.N., Martínez-Bartolomé, M., Meineke, E.K., Mendoza-Arroyo, W., Merritt, T. J.S., Merritt, L.E.L., Migiani, G., Minor, E.S., Mitchell, N., Mohammadi Bazargani, M., Moles, A.T., Monk, J.D., Moore, C.M., Morales-Morales, P.A., Moyers, B.T., Muñoz-Rojas, M., Munshi-South, J., Murphy, S.M., Murúa, M.M., Neila, M., Nikolaidis, O., Njunjić, I., Nosko, P., Núñez-Farfán, J., Ohgushi, T., Olsen, K.M., Opedal, Ø.H., Ornelas, C., Parachnowitsch, A.L., Paratore, A.S., Parody-Merino, A.M., Paule, J., Paulo, O.S., Pena, J.C., Pfeiffer, V.W., Pinho, P., Piot, A., Porth, I.M., Poulos, N., Puentes, A., Qu, J., Quintero-Vallejo, E., Raciti, S.M., Raeymaekers, J.A.M., Raveala, K.M., Rennison, D.J., Ribeiro, M.C., Richardson, J.L., Rivas-Torres, G., Rivera, B. J., Roddy, A.B., Rodriguez-Muñoz, E., Román, J.R., Rossi, L.S., Rowntree, J.K., Ryan, T.J., Salinas, S., Sanders, N.J., Santiago-Rosario, L.Y., Savage, A.M., Scheepens, J.F., Schilthuizen, M., Schneider, A.C., Scholier, T., Scott, J.L., Shaheed, S.A., Shefferson, R.P., Shepard, C.A., Shykoff, J.A., Silveira, G., Smith, A.D., Solis-Gabriel, L., Soro, A., Spellman, K.V., Whitney, K.S., Starke-Ottich, I., Stephan, J.G., Stephens, J.D., Szulc, J., Szulkin, M., Tack, A.J.M., Tamburrino, Í., Tate, T.D., Tergemina, E., Theodorou, P., Thompson, K.A., Threlfall, C.G., Tinghitella, R.M., Toledo-Chelala, L., Tong, X., Uroy, L., Utsumi, S., Vandegehuchte, M.L., VanWallendael, A., Vidal, P.M., Wadgymar, S.M., Wang, A-Y, Wang, N., Warbrick, M.L., Whitney, K.D., Wiesmeier, M., Wiles, J.T., Wu, J., Xirocostas, Z.A., Yan, Z., Yao, J., Yoder, J.B., Yoshida, O., Zhang, J., Zhao, Z., Ziter, C.D., Zuellig, M.P., Zufall, R.A., Zurita, J.E., Zytynska, S.E., and Johnson, M.T.J.

Abstract

Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied among cities. Sequencing 2074 genomes from 26 cities revealed that the evolution of urban-rural clines was best explained by adaptive evolution, but the degree of parallel adaptation varied among cities. Our results demonstrate that urbanization leads to adaptation at a global scale.

Published
2022

18. Assisted oocyte activation does not overcome recurrent embryo developmental problems.

Author

Barberán, A Cardona, Bonte, D, Boel, A, Thys, V, Paredis, R, Machtelinckx, F, Sutter, P De, Croo, I De, Leybaert, L, Stoop, D, Coucke, P, Meerschaut, F Vanden, and Heindryckx, B

Subjects
*OVUM, *INTRACYTOPLASMIC sperm injection, *EMBRYOLOGY, *EMBRYOS, *GENETIC testing, *MALE infertility, *FERTILIZATION (Biology), *MULTIPLE pregnancy
Abstract

STUDY QUESTION Can recurrent embryo developmental problems after ICSI be overcome by assisted oocyte activation (AOA)? SUMMARY ANSWER AOA did not improve blastocyst formation in our patient cohort with recurrent embryo developmental problems after ICSI. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The use of AOA to artificially induce calcium (Ca2+) rises by using Ca2+ ionophores (mainly calcimycin and ionomycin) has been reported as very effective in overcoming fertilization failure after ICSI, especially in patients whose Ca2+ dynamics during fertilization are deficient. However, there is only scarce and contradictory literature on the use of AOA to overcome embryo developmental problems after ICSI, and it is not clear whether abnormal Ca2+ patterns during fertilization disturb human preimplantation embryo development. Moreover, poor embryo development after ICSI has also been linked to genetic defects in the subcortical maternal complex (SCMC) genes. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This prospective cohort single-center study compared ICSI-AOA cycles and previous ICSI cycles in couples with normal fertilization rates (≥60%) but impaired embryonic development (≤15% blastocyst formation) in at least two previous ICSI cycles. In total, 42 couples with embryo developmental problems were included in this study from January 2018 to January 2021. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Of the 42 couples included, 17 underwent an ICSI-AOA cycle consisting of CaCl2 injection and double ionomycin exposure. Fertilization, blastocyst development, pregnancy, and live birth rates after ICSI-AOA were compared to previous ICSI cycles. In addition, the calcium pattern induced by the male patient's sperm was investigated by mouse oocyte calcium analysis. Furthermore, all 42 couples underwent genetic screening. Female patients were screened for SCMC genes (TLE6 , PADI6 , NLRP2 , NLRP5 , NLRP7 , and KHDC3L) and male patients were screened for the sperm–oocyte-activating factor PLCZ1. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE We compared 17 AOA cycles to 44 previous ICSI cycles from the same patient cohort. After AOA, a total fertilization rate of 68.95% (131/190), a blastocyst development rate of 13.74% (18/131), a pregnancy rate of 29.41% (5/17), and a live birth rate of 23.53% (4/17) were achieved, which was not different from the previous ICSI cycles (76.25% (321/421, P -value = 0.06); 9.35% (30/321, P -value = 0.18), 25.00% (11/44, P -value = 0.75), and 15.91% (7/44, P -value = 0.48), respectively). Calcium analysis showed that patient's sperm induced calcium patterns similar to control sperm samples displaying normal embryo developmental potential. Genetic screening revealed 10 unique heterozygous variants (in NLRP2 , NLRP5 , NLRP7 , TLE6 , and PADI6) of uncertain significance (VUS) in 14 females. Variant NLRP5 c.623-12_623-11insTTC (p.?) was identified in two unrelated individuals and variant NLRP2 c.1572T>C (p.Asp524=) was identified in four females. Interestingly, we identified a previously reported homozygous mutation PLCZ1 , c.1499C>T (p.Ser500Leu), in a male patient displaying impaired embryonic development, but not showing typical fertilization failure. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Our strict inclusion criteria, requiring at least two ICSI cycles with impaired embryo development, reduced cycle-to-cycle variability, while the requirement of a lower blastocyst development not influenced by a poor fertilization excluded couples who otherwise would be selective cases for AOA; however, these criteria limited the sample size of this study. Targeted genetic screening might be too restricted to identify a genetic cause underlying the phenotype of poor embryo development for all patients. Moreover, causality of the identified VUS should be further determined. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Strong evidence for AOA overcoming impaired embryonic development is still lacking in the literature. Thus far, only one article has reported a beneficial effect of AOA (using calcimycin) compared to previous ICSI cycles in this patient population, whilst two more recent sibling-oocyte control studies (one using calcimycin and the other ionomycin) and our research (using ionomycin) could not corroborate these findings. Although no major abnormalities have been found in children born after AOA, this technique should be reserved for couples with a clear Ca2+-release deficiency. Finally, genetic screening by whole-exome sequencing may reveal novel genes and variants linked to embryo developmental problems and allow the design of more personalized treatment options, such as wild-type complementary RNA or recombinant protein injection. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was supported by the Flemish Fund for Scientific Research (grant FWO.OPR.2015.0032.01 to B.H. and grant no. 1298722N to A.B.). A.C.B. D.B. A.B. V.T. R.P. F.M. I.D.C. L.L. D.S. P.D.S. P.C. and F.V.M. have nothing to disclose. B.H. reports a research grant from the Flemish Fund for Scientific Research and reports being a board member of the Belgian Society for Reproductive Medicine and the Belgian Ethical Committee on embryo research. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03354013 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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29. Additional file 1 of Moving apart together: co-movement of a symbiont community and their ant host, and its importance for community assembly

Author

Parmentier, T., R. Claus, De Laender, F., and Bonte, D.

Abstract

Additional file 1: Supporting Figs. S1, S2 and S3. S1. Map of red wood ant nest distribution in site WV and site OB. S2: Overview of the sampling of the myrmecophiles. S3: Relative abundances of the 12 most widely distributed myrmecophile species along the spatial gradient.

Published
2021
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33. Aligning biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services in spatial planning: Focus on ecosystem processes

Author

Van der Biest, K., Meire, P., Schellekens, T., D'hondt, B., Bonte, D., Vanagt, T., Ysebaert, T., Van der Biest, K., Meire, P., Schellekens, T., D'hondt, B., Bonte, D., Vanagt, T., and Ysebaert, T.

Abstract

Although the consideration of socio-economic demands with biodiversity conservation is now high on the environmental policy agenda, it is not yet standard practice in spatial planning. This is argued to be related, among others, to a lack of awareness among stakeholders and practitioners of the underpinning role of ecosystem functioning and biodiversity to support human well-being. Meanwhile, there is mounting critique on the absolute focus of biodiversity conservation on static properties such as species and habitats. The establishment of more ecologically sensible objectives that include ecosystem processes besides species and habitats is put forward as a more effective way of environmental conservation. Methodological approaches increasingly consider ecosystem processes. However, the processes that are included mostly relate to aspects of biodiversity such as dispersal and productivity, and rarely do they include abiotic mechanisms that underlie biodiversity. We here report on the development of a method that integrates two principles which we identify as key to advance the integration of ecosystem services with biodiversity conservation in planning practice: (1) consider the variety of ecosystem processes, biotic as well as abiotic, that support biodiversity and ecosystem services, and (2) link the ecosystem processes to biodiversity and to socio-economic benefits to identify the common ground between seemingly conflicting objectives. The methodology uses a stepwise approach and is based on an extensive review of available knowledge on ecosystem functioning, expert consultation and stakeholder involvement. We illustrate how the methodology supports the setting of strategic goals to accomplish a healthy coastal ecosystem in Belgium, and exemplify how this may affect spatial plans. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how including processes opens opportunities to align biodiversity and ecosystem services and how this increases chances to provide long-term bene

Published
2020

34. Urbanization drives cross‐taxon declines in abundance and diversity at multiple spatial scales

Author

Piano, E. (Elena), Souffreau, C. (Caroline), Merckx, T. (Thomas), Baardsen, L. F. (Lisa F.), Backeljau, T. (Thierry), Bonte, D. (Dries), Brans, K. I. (Kristien I.), Cours, M. (Marie), Dahirel, M. (Maxime), Debortoli, N. (Nicolas), Decaestecker, E. (Ellen), De Wolf, K. (Katrien), Engelen, J. M. (Jessie M.T.), Fontaneto, D. (Diego), Gianuca, A. T. (Andros T.), Govaert, L. (Lynn), Hanashiro, F. T. (Fabio T.T.), Higuti, J. (Janet), Lens, L. (Luc), Martens, K. (Koen), Matheve, H. (Hans), Matthysen, E. (Erik), Pinseel, E. (Eveline), Sablon, R. (Rose), Schön, I. (Isa), Stoks, R. (Robby), Van Doninck, K. (Karine), Van Dyck, H. (Hans), Vanormelingen, P. (Pieter), Van Wichelen, J. (Jeroen), Vyverman, W. (Wim), De Meester, L. (Luc), Hendrickx, F. (Frederik), Piano, E. (Elena), Souffreau, C. (Caroline), Merckx, T. (Thomas), Baardsen, L. F. (Lisa F.), Backeljau, T. (Thierry), Bonte, D. (Dries), Brans, K. I. (Kristien I.), Cours, M. (Marie), Dahirel, M. (Maxime), Debortoli, N. (Nicolas), Decaestecker, E. (Ellen), De Wolf, K. (Katrien), Engelen, J. M. (Jessie M.T.), Fontaneto, D. (Diego), Gianuca, A. T. (Andros T.), Govaert, L. (Lynn), Hanashiro, F. T. (Fabio T.T.), Higuti, J. (Janet), Lens, L. (Luc), Martens, K. (Koen), Matheve, H. (Hans), Matthysen, E. (Erik), Pinseel, E. (Eveline), Sablon, R. (Rose), Schön, I. (Isa), Stoks, R. (Robby), Van Doninck, K. (Karine), Van Dyck, H. (Hans), Vanormelingen, P. (Pieter), Van Wichelen, J. (Jeroen), Vyverman, W. (Wim), De Meester, L. (Luc), and Hendrickx, F. (Frederik)

Abstract

The increasing urbanization process is hypothesized to drastically alter (semi‐)natural environments with a concomitant major decline in species abundance and diversity. Yet, studies on this effect of urbanization, and the spatial scale at which it acts, are at present inconclusive due to the large heterogeneity in taxonomic groups and spatial scales at which this relationship has been investigated among studies. Comprehensive studies analysing this relationship across multiple animal groups and at multiple spatial scales are rare, hampering the assessment of how biodiversity generally responds to urbanization. We studied aquatic (cladocerans), limno‐terrestrial (bdelloid rotifers) and terrestrial (butterflies, ground beetles, ground‐ and web spiders, macro‐moths, orthopterans and snails) invertebrate groups using a hierarchical spatial design wherein three local‐scale (200 m × 200 m) urbanization levels were repeatedly sampled across three landscape‐scale (3 km × 3 km) urbanization levels. We tested for local and landscape urbanization effects on abundance and species richness of each group, whereby total richness was partitioned into the average richness of local communities and the richness due to variation among local communities. Abundances of the terrestrial active dispersers declined in response to local urbanization, with reductions up to 85% for butterflies, while passive dispersers did not show any clear trend. Species richness also declined with increasing levels of urbanization, but responses were highly heterogeneous among the different groups with respect to the richness component and the spatial scale at which urbanization impacts richness. Depending on the group, species richness declined due to biotic homogenization and/or local species loss. This resulted in an overall decrease in total richness across groups in urban areas. These results provide strong support to the general negative impact of urbanization on abundance and species richnes

Published
2020

41. Cigarette smoking is associated with differences in nutritional habits and related to lipoprotein alterations independently of food and alcohol intake

Author

Dallongeville, J., Marecaux, N., Richard, F., Bonte, D., Zylberberg, G., Fantino, M., Fruchart, J.-C., and Amouyel, P.

Subjects
Smoking -- Health aspects, Blood lipoproteins -- Health aspects, Food habits -- Analysis, Smokers -- Food and nutrition
Abstract

A study was conducted on the effects of cigarette smoking on serum lipid and lipoprotein levels taking into account the nutritional intakes. A case-control design was used to compare smokers and non-smokers. The results indicate an association between smoking and serum lipid/lipoprotein alterations independently of nutritional factors. Smokers also have less 'healthy' nutritional habits than non-smokers.

Published
1996

42. Kleine bossen functioneren beter wanneer ze gemengd zijn

Author

Hertzog, L., Dekeukeleire, D., Bonte, D., Martel, A., Verheyen, K., Lens, L., Baeten, L., Hertzog, L., Dekeukeleire, D., Bonte, D., Martel, A., Verheyen, K., Lens, L., and Baeten, L.

Abstract

Steeds meer plant- en diersoorten gaan achteruit en verdwijnen uit ons landschap. De gevolgen hiervan voor het functioneren van ecosystemen – zoals weerspiegeld in biomassaproductie, bestuiving of koolstofopslag – zijn een ‘hot topic’ in het ecologisch onderzoek. De voorbije dertig jaar voerden ecologen diverse experimenten uit om het verband tussen het aantal soorten (of biodiversiteit) in ecosystemen en het functioneren ervan te onderzoeken. Onderzoek focuste op verschillende systemen zoals graslanden en jonge bosaanplanten. Op basis van dit experimenteel onderzoek is er nu een duidelijke consensus: soortenrijkere systemen functioneren gemiddeld beter.

Published
2019

44. How obesity relates to socio-economic status: identification of eating behavior mediators

Author

Trouiller P, P. Amouyel, Dumont Mp, Marie Pigeyre, Julie Dumont, Louisa Goumidi, Aline Meirhaeghe, Alain Duhamel, Bonte D, Monique Romon, J. Rousseaux, A. Chmielewski, and Jean Dallongeville

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medicine (miscellaneous), 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, Internal medicine, Odds Ratio, Humans, Medicine, Obesity, 030212 general & internal medicine, Occupations, Life Style, Socioeconomic status, Nutrition and Dietetics, business.industry, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Portion Size, Case-control study, Feeding Behavior, Odds ratio, Middle Aged, Emotional eating, medicine.disease, Health Surveys, Confidence interval, Endocrinology, Social Class, Case-Control Studies, Income, Educational Status, Female, Television, France, medicine.symptom, business, Weight gain, Body mass index, Demography
Abstract

Socio-economic status (SES) is a strong determinant of eating behavior and the obesity risk. To determine which eating and lifestyle behaviors mediate the association between SES and obesity. We performed a case–control study of 318 obese people and 371 non-obese people in northern France. Ten eating behavior traits were assessed using the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire Revised 21-Item and an eating attitude questionnaire (on plate size, the number of servings, reasons for stopping eating and the frequency of eating standing up, eating in front of the television set (TV) and eating at night). The SES score (in three categories) was based on occupation, education and income categories. Mediation analysis was performed using the test of joint significance and the difference of coefficients test. The age- and gender-adjusted obesity risk was higher for individuals in the low-SES groups (odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)=1.82 (1.48–2.24), P

Published
2016
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45. Identification of novel mutations in PLCZ1 in two patients with fertilization failure after ICSI

Author

Guggilla, R, Ferrer-Buitrago, M, Amdani, S, Bonte, D, Jones, C, Coward, K, Coucke, P, De Sutter, P, and Heindryckx, B

Abstract

Study question Are abnormalities in the phospholipase C zeta (PLCZ1) gene responsible for failed fertilization after ICSI? Study answer PLCZ1 mutational screening in patients with a history of failed or low fertilization after ICSI resulted in the identification of three mutations in two patients.

Published
2018
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47. Body-size shifts in aquatic and terrestrial urban communities

Author

Merckx, T., Souffreau, C., Kaiser, A., Baardsen, L.F., Backeljau, T., Bonte, D., Brans, K.I., Cours, M., Dahirel, M., Debortoli, N., De Wolf, K., Engelen, J.M.T., Fontaneto, D., Gianuca, Andros Tarouco, Govaert, L., Hendrickx, F., Higuti, J., Lens, L., Martens, K., Matheve, H., Matthysen, E., Piano, E., Sablon, R., Schön, I., Van Doninck, K., De Meester, L., Van Dyck, H., Merckx, T., Souffreau, C., Kaiser, A., Baardsen, L.F., Backeljau, T., Bonte, D., Brans, K.I., Cours, M., Dahirel, M., Debortoli, N., De Wolf, K., Engelen, J.M.T., Fontaneto, D., Gianuca, Andros Tarouco, Govaert, L., Hendrickx, F., Higuti, J., Lens, L., Martens, K., Matheve, H., Matthysen, E., Piano, E., Sablon, R., Schön, I., Van Doninck, K., De Meester, L., and Van Dyck, H.

Abstract

Body size is intrinsically linked to metabolic rate and life-history traits, and is a crucial determinant of food webs and community dynamics1,2. The increased temperatures associated with the urban-heat-island effect result in increased metabolic costs and are expected to drive shifts to smaller body sizes3. Urban environments are, however, also characterized by substantial habitat fragmentation4, which favours mobile species. Here, using a replicated, spatially nested sampling design across ten animal taxonomic groups, we show that urban communities generally consist of smaller species. In addition, although we show urban warming for three habitat types and associated reduced community-weighted mean body sizes for four taxa, three taxa display a shift to larger species along the urbanization gradients. Our results show that the general trend towards smaller-sized species is overruled by filtering for larger species when there is positive covariation between size and dispersal, a process that can mitigate the low connectivity of ecological resources in urban settings5. We thus demonstrate that the urban-heat-island effect and urban habitat fragmentation are associated with contrasting community-level shifts in body size that critically depend on the association between body size and dispersal. Because body size determines the structure and dynamics of ecological networks1, such shifts may affect urban ecosystem function.

Published
2018

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