242 results on '"Bonnal, Laurent"'
Search Results
2. Supplementing zebu cattle with crop co-products helps to reduce enteric emissions in West Africa
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Gbenou, Gérard Xavier, Assouma, Mohamed Habibou, Bastianelli, Denis, Kiendrebeogo, Timbilfou, Bonnal, Laurent, Zampaligre, Nouhoun, Bois, Bérénice, Sanogo, Souleymane, Sib, Ollo, Martin, Cécile, Dossa, Luc Hippolyte, Gbenou, Gérard Xavier, Assouma, Mohamed Habibou, Bastianelli, Denis, Kiendrebeogo, Timbilfou, Bonnal, Laurent, Zampaligre, Nouhoun, Bois, Bérénice, Sanogo, Souleymane, Sib, Ollo, Martin, Cécile, and Dossa, Luc Hippolyte
- Abstract
In Africa, a wide variety of diets (forage + crop co-products or other agricultural by-products) is being used by livestock farmers in different production systems to adapt to climate change. This study aimed to assess the performance of various local feeding strategies on Sudanese Fulani zebu cattle. Two experiments were carried out on 10 steers aged initially 33 months (142 kg body weight – BW). The animals were fed eight different diets at an intake level of 3.2% LW in dry matter (DM), including two control diets of 100% rangeland forage (100% RF) and six experimental diets made up of forage and crop co-products (75:25 DM ratio). In the first experiment, the control diet was made up of rangeland forage (RF) and supplements consisted of four cereal co-products (CC), i.e. maize, sorghum, millet, and rice straws. In the second experiment, the control diet consisted of Panicum maximum (Pmax) hay, and the supplements tested were two legume co-products (LC), i.e. cowpea and peanut haulms. Each experiment lasted 3 weeks, including 2 weeks of adaptation to the diet and 1 week of data collection on individual animals (intake, apparent digestibility, and enteric methane). The NDF content of the diets was different within each experiment (p < 0.05). Among diets containing CC, DM intake [g/kg BW] was significantly higher (+31%; p = 0.025) for the diet containing rice straw than for the other diets, which showed similar levels to the RF diet. Among diets containing LC, intake was significantly higher (p = 0.004) than for the Pmax diet. Intake was higher for the peanut haulm diet than for the cowpea haulm diet. The DM digestibility was similar between the different diets in each experiment. Enteric methane (eCH4) yield [g/kg DMI] from the CC and LC-containing diets were reduced by an average of 23% and 20% compared to the RF and Pmax control diets respectively. Raising awareness among agro-pastoralists about the use of crop co-products offers real prospects for eCH4 emissions
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- 2024
3. A new light in herbaria. How can NIRS be applied to herbarium specimens for identification?
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Bazan, Samantha, Dendoncker, Morgane, Baby, Elodie, Bastianelli, Denis, Mersni, Jennifer, Taugourdeau, Simon, Bonnal, Laurent, Bazan, Samantha, Dendoncker, Morgane, Baby, Elodie, Bastianelli, Denis, Mersni, Jennifer, Taugourdeau, Simon, and Bonnal, Laurent
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- 2024
4. Impact of water regime and harvest management on the quantity and quality of herbaceous forage in the Sahelian ecosystem of Senegal
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N'Goran, Adjoua Ange-Jokébed, Ndiaye, Ousmane, Diatta, Ousmane, Ngom, Daouda, Diatta, Sekouna, Gebremedhn, Haftay Hailu, Fassinou, Cofélas, Bonnal, Laurent, Bastianelli, Denis, Salgado, Paulo, Taugourdeau, Simon, N'Goran, Adjoua Ange-Jokébed, Ndiaye, Ousmane, Diatta, Ousmane, Ngom, Daouda, Diatta, Sekouna, Gebremedhn, Haftay Hailu, Fassinou, Cofélas, Bonnal, Laurent, Bastianelli, Denis, Salgado, Paulo, and Taugourdeau, Simon
- Abstract
Background: The climate and harvest management practices influence forage production in the Sahel. However, the combined effect of these parameters has not been assessed. Aim: This study aims to measure the joint effect of rainfall and harvesting practices on the quantity and quality of forage. Methods: Aboveground biomass samples were collected during (July and August) and at the end (October) of the 2021 rainy season by full cutting on 68 harvest plots: 20 plots with different water regimes (varying water quantities and duration of inputs), and 48 plots with different quantities of water combined with different cutting heights (0 or 5 cm above ground) and harvest periods (early or late). Results: The aboveground biomass ranged from 2,932.2 ± 1,672.1 to 6,383.6 ± 2,962.6 kg/ha for water regime treatments, and 2,397.7 ± 6,263.4 kg/ha to 15,059.2 ± 9,782.9 kg/ha for cumulated harvest aboveground biomass. The crude fiber rate (as % of dry matter) was between 5.5 ± 0.9% and 6.4 ± 1.2%. Digestible crude protein varied between 21.8 ± 67.96% and 67.2 ± 15.8%. Regardless of the quantity of water received, equivalent quantities and qualities of forage (p > 0.05) were produced by the plots that were not harvested until the end of the season and those harvested at the beginning of the development cycle of the forage species. The amount of aboveground biomass produced was the same, independent of the cutting heights (3,535.8 ± 2,953.5 for 0 cm and 4,503.4 ± 3,068.6 kg/ha for 5 cm). On the other hand, the plots harvested at the fruiting stage of the species produced forage composed of young plants in smaller quantities and of good quality. Conclusions: The quantity and quality of herbaceous forage yield at the end of the rainy season were mainly influenced by the phenological stage. Forage resource management programs should favor cutting times and heights that allow optimal ground coverage to reduce the risk of erosion.
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- 2024
5. La simulation d'abroutissement : un outil pour mieux comprendre l'effet de l'herbivorie par les cervidés sur les jeunes plants de chênes
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Barrere, Julien, Boulanger, Vincent, Collet, Catherine, Beroud, Timothée, Bonnal, Laurent, Saïd, Sonia, Barrere, Julien, Boulanger, Vincent, Collet, Catherine, Beroud, Timothée, Bonnal, Laurent, and Saïd, Sonia
- Abstract
Le renouvellement de nombreuses essences d'intérêts économique et écologique est remis en cause par une hausse généralisée des populations de cervidés et des dégâts qu'ils occasionnent. La simulation d'abroutissement est une méthode expérimentale consistant à combiner la section mécanique de la plante et l'application de salive de cervidés sur la zone sectionnée qui permet de contrôler précisément les épisodes d'abroutissement auxquels sont soumis les plants. Nous illustrons ici, par deux exemples, les possibilités offertes par cette technique pour comprendre les effets des abroutissements de chevreuil sur la croissance et survie des plants de Chêne.
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- 2024
6. Mesurer, prédire et réduire les émissions de méthane entérique en Afrique subsaharienne
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Gbenou, Gérard Xavier, Assouma, Mohamed Habibou, Zampaligre, Nouhoun, Martin, Cécile, Bastianelli, Denis, Bonnal, Laurent, Kiendrebeogo, Timbilfou, Sib, Ollo, Bois, Bérénice, Sanogo, Souleymane, Dossa, Luc Hippolyte, Gbenou, Gérard Xavier, Assouma, Mohamed Habibou, Zampaligre, Nouhoun, Martin, Cécile, Bastianelli, Denis, Bonnal, Laurent, Kiendrebeogo, Timbilfou, Sib, Ollo, Bois, Bérénice, Sanogo, Souleymane, and Dossa, Luc Hippolyte
- Abstract
L'élevage de ruminants en Afrique subsaharienne est singulier par les milieux et ressources qu'il exploite et par des systèmes d'élevage aux effectifs parfois élevés mais souvent peu productifs. L'évaluation de son impact environnemental est toutefois complexe car les modèles classiquement utilisés ne sont pas adaptés aux animaux et aux modes d'élevage de cette région. Il est important d'apporter des connaissances objectives sur la production du méthane entérique, principal gaz à effet de serre de ces élevages.
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- 2024
7. Short-term responses of meat ewes facing an acute nutritional challenge in early-mid lactation
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González-García, Eliel, primary, Gindri, Marcelo, additional, Durand, Christian, additional, Lafon, Noëllie, additional, Douls, Sébastien, additional, Bonafe, Gaëtan, additional, Coulon, Valentin, additional, Hazard, Dominique, additional, Bonnal, Laurent, additional, Tesnière, Anne, additional, Llach, Irene, additional, Parisot, Sara, additional, and Puillet, Laurence, additional
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Sorghum Biomethane Potential Varies with the Genotype and the Cultivation Site
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Thomas, Hélène Laurence, Pot, David, Latrille, Eric, Trouche, Gilles, Bonnal, Laurent, Bastianelli, Denis, and Carrère, Hélène
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- 2019
- Full Text
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9. Drought effects on root and shoot traits and their decomposability
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Reinelt, Laura, Whitaker, Jeanette, Kazakou, Elena, Bonnal, Laurent, Bastianelli, Denis, Bullock, James, Ostle, Nicholas J., Reinelt, Laura, Whitaker, Jeanette, Kazakou, Elena, Bonnal, Laurent, Bastianelli, Denis, Bullock, James, and Ostle, Nicholas J.
- Abstract
Drought can induce phenotypic plasticity in a range of plant root and shoot traits. These traits have been shown to explain differences in root and shoot litter decomposability between species. However, it is unknown how drought-induced plasticity of root and shoot traits alters their decomposability. To investigate this issue across a range of species, we grew a grass Lolium perenne, a forb Plantago lanceolata and a legume Trifolium repens common to European temperate grasslands and subjected them to a 5-week moderate drought treatment. We compared morphological and chemical root and shoot traits of the droughted plants to well-watered controls. We then conducted a decomposition assay of the senesced root and shoot material over 16 weeks, with mass loss measurements at five timepoints. Drought had significant and sometimes strong effects on morphological and chemical root and shoot traits of all three species, sometimes similar to differences between species and generally in line with a shift to a more resource-conservative strategy. Drought also increased the labile litter fraction in roots of Lolium perenne, which was associated with a substantial increase in non-structural carbohydrates. Drought decreased the labile litter fraction in shoots of Plantago lanceolata, but this could not be explained by the traits we measured. Drought effects on litter decomposability were weaker than on plant traits. Our results suggest that plant trait-mediated effects of drought on litter decomposability can either increase or decrease vegetation feedbacks to climate change. They also show that drought-induced plasticity in root and shoot traits does not automatically translate into equivalent changes in litter decomposability. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
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- 2023
10. Drought effects on root and shoot traits and their decomposability
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Reinelt, Laura, primary, Whitaker, Jeanette, additional, Kazakou, Elena, additional, Bonnal, Laurent, additional, Bastianelli, Denis, additional, Bullock, James M., additional, and Ostle, Nicholas J., additional
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- 2023
- Full Text
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11. Mobilizing sorghum genetic diversity: Biochemical and histological‐assisted design of a stem ideotype for biomethane production
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Thomas, Hélène, Pot, David, Jaffuel, Sylvie, Verdeil, Jean‐Luc, Baptiste, Christelle, Bonnal, Laurent, Trouche, Gilles, Bastianelli, Denis, Latrille, Eric, Berger, Angélique, Calatayud, Caroline, Chauvergne, Céline, Rossard, Virginie, Jeanson, Patrice, Alcouffe, Joël, Carrère, Hélène, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement [Narbonne] (LBE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Systèmes d'élevage méditerranéens et tropicaux (UMR SELMET), EUROSORHO, RAGT2n, ANR-11-BTBR-0006,BFF,Biomasse pour le futur(2011), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Euralis Semences, and Groupe RAGT (RAGT)
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[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,anaerobic digestion ,animal feed ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,TJ807-830 ,genetic diversity ,heritability ,Energy industries. Energy policy. Fuel trade ,Renewable energy sources ,ideotype ,internode anatomy ,sorghum ,HD9502-9502.5 ,stem composition ,combustion - Abstract
International audience; Sorghum currently contributes to the species portfolio that is supporting bioenergy production including anaerobic digestion. Although agro-morphological ideotypes maximizing biogas production have been recently proposed, there is a crucial need to refine our understanding of the impacts of the stem composition and structure on this processing trait in order to ensure genetic gains in the mid to long terms. This study aims to assess the potential of Sorghum bicolor ssp bicolor stem genetic diversity to maximize genetic gains for biogas production and define a biogas stem ideotype. In this context, a panel of 57 genotypes, encompassing most of the stem composition variability available in cultivated sorghum, was characterized over five sites. Simultaneous histological and biochemical characterizations were performed. A high broad sense heritability associated with a moderate genetic variability was detected for stem biogas potential ensuring significant genetic gains in the future. In addition, the development of a stem histological phenotyping pipeline made it possible to describe the genetic diversity available for the internode anatomy and the repartition of key cell wall components. Consistently with previous studies, moderate to high heritability was observed for stem biochemical components. Genetic correlation, hierarchical clustering, and multiple stepwise regression analyses identified soluble sugar content as the first main driver of biogas potential genetic variability. Nevertheless, breeding programs should anticipate that biogas yield improvement will also rely on the monitoring of the cell wall components and their distribution in the stem jointly with the soluble sugar content. According to the assets of sorghum in terms of adaptation to environmental stresses and the present results regarding the identification of stem ideotypes suitable for different value chains, this species will surely play a key role to optimize the economic and environmental sustainability of the agrosystems that are currently facing the effects of climate change.
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- 2021
12. Linkages between traits and decomposition of weed communities along a soil management and pedoclimate gradient in Mediterranean vineyards
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Bopp, Marie-Charlotte, primary, Fried, Guillaume, additional, Metay, Aurélie, additional, Bastianelli, Denis, additional, Bonnal, Laurent, additional, and Kazakou, Elena, additional
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Averaging and Stacking Partial Least Squares Regression Models to Predict the Chemical Compositions and the Nutritive Values of Forages from Spectral Near Infrared Data
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Lesnoff, Mathieu, primary, Andueza, Donato, additional, Barotin, Charlène, additional, Barre, Philippe, additional, Bonnal, Laurent, additional, Fernández Pierna, Juan Antonio, additional, Picard, Fabienne, additional, Vermeulen, Philippe, additional, and Roger, Jean-Michel, additional
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- 2022
- Full Text
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14. Averaging and stacking partial least squares regression models to predict the chemical compositions and the nutritive values of forages from spectral near infrared data
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Lesnoff, Matthieu, Andueza, Donato, Barotin, Charlène, Barré, Philippe, Bonnal, Laurent, Fernandez Pierna, Juan Antonio, Picard, Fabienne, Vermeulen, Philippe, Roger, Jean-Michel, Lesnoff, Matthieu, Andueza, Donato, Barotin, Charlène, Barré, Philippe, Bonnal, Laurent, Fernandez Pierna, Juan Antonio, Picard, Fabienne, Vermeulen, Philippe, and Roger, Jean-Michel
- Abstract
Partial least square regression (PLSR) is a reference statistical model in chemometrics. In agronomy, it is used to predict components (response variables y) of chemical composition of vegetal materials from spectral near infrared (NIR) data X collected from spectrometers. PLSR reduces the dimension of the spectral data X by defining vectors that are then used as latent variables (LVs) in a multiple linear model. One difficulty is to determine the relevant dimensionality (number of LVs) for the given data. This step can be very time consuming when many datasets have to be processed and/or the datasets are frequently updated. The paper focuses on an alternative, bypassing the determination of the PLSR dimensionality and allowing for automatizing the predictions. The strategy uses ensemble learning methods, such as averaging or stacking the predictions of a set of PLSR models with different dimensionalities. The paper presents various methods of PLSR averaging and stacking and compares their performances to the usual PLSR on six real datasets on different types of forages. The main finding of the study was the overall superiority of the averaging methods compared to the usual PLSR. We therefore believe that such methods can be recommended to analyze NIR data on forages.
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- 2022
15. How predictive methane emissions models, developed under experimental conditions, can help assess CH4 emissions from ruminants in the Sahel region
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Bois, Bérénice, Ickowicz, Alexandre, Bastianelli, Denis, Salgado, Paulo, Bonnal, Laurent, Eugène, Maguy, Assouma, Mohamed Habibou, Bois, Bérénice, Ickowicz, Alexandre, Bastianelli, Denis, Salgado, Paulo, Bonnal, Laurent, Eugène, Maguy, and Assouma, Mohamed Habibou
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- 2022
16. Un laboratoire d'analyse des fourrages en Guyane
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Bastianelli, Denis, Bonnal, Laurent, Nabeneza, Serge, Juanès, Xavier, Petiot, Vincent, Péret, Cédric, Bastianelli, Denis, Bonnal, Laurent, Nabeneza, Serge, Juanès, Xavier, Petiot, Vincent, and Péret, Cédric
- Published
- 2022
17. Mobilizing sorghum genetic diversity: Biochemical and histological‐assisted design of a stem ideotype for biomethane production
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Barotin, Charlène, Bonnal, Laurent, Andueza, Donato, Trupin-Maudemain, Séverine, Jost, Jérémie, Caillat, Hugues, Julien, Lionel, Juanes, Xavier, Lesnoff, Matthieu, Assouma, Mohamed-Habibou, Picard, Fabienne, Fumat, Norbert, El Radi, Hadi, Barre, Philippe, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Systèmes d'élevage méditerranéens et tropicaux (UMR SELMET), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ARVALIS - Institut du Végétal [Boigneville], ARVALIS - Institut du végétal [Paris], Institut de l'élevage (IDELE), Fourrages Environnement Ruminants Lusignan (FERLUS), and ANR-11-BTBR-0006,BFF,Biomasse pour le futur(2011)
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anaerobic digestion ,[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,animal feed ,internode anatomy ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,sorghum ,genetic diversity ,heritability ,stem composition ,combustion ,ideotype - Abstract
International audience; Sorghum currently contributes to the species portfolio that is supporting bioenergy production including anaerobic digestion. Although agro-morphological ideotypes maximizing biogas production have been recently proposed, there is a crucial need to refine our understanding of the impacts of the stem composition and structure on this processing trait in order to ensure genetic gains in the mid to long terms. This study aims to assess the potential of Sorghum bicolor ssp bicolor stem genetic diversity to maximize genetic gains for biogas production and define a biogas stem ideotype. In this context, a panel of 57 genotypes, encompassing most of the stem composition variability available in cultivated sorghum, was characterized over five sites. Simultaneous histological and biochemical characterizations were performed. A high broad sense heritability associated with a moderate genetic variability was detected for stem biogas potential ensuring significant genetic gains in the future. In addition, the development of a stem histological phenotyping pipeline made it possible to describe the genetic diversity available for the internode anatomy and the repartition of key cell wall components. Consistently with previous studies, moderate to high heritability was observed for stem biochemical components. Genetic correlation, hierarchical clustering, and multiple stepwise regression analyses identified soluble sugar content as the first main driver of biogas potential genetic variability. Nevertheless, breeding programs should anticipate that biogas yield improvement will also rely on the monitoring of the cell wall components and their distribution in the stem jointly with the soluble sugar content. According to the assets of sorghum in terms of adaptation to environmental stresses and the present results regarding the identification of stem ideotypes suitable for different value chains, this species will surely play a key role to optimize the economic and environmental sustainability of the agrosystems that are currently facing the effects of climate change.
- Published
- 2021
18. Ontogeny of Intracellular Isosmotic Regulation in the European Lobster Homarus gammarus (L.)
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Haond, Christophe, Bonnal, Laurent, Sandeaux, Roger, Charmantier, Guy, and Trilles, Jean‐Paul
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- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Nitrosorg : A research program dedicated to develop tools for improving grain quality (protein content and digestibility) and adapted to poultry feeding
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Terrier, Nancy, De Bellis, Fabien, Berger, Angélique, Calatayud, Caroline, Rami, Jean-François, Pot, David, Mameri, H., Morel, Marie-Hélène, Recoules, E., Trotereau, Angélina, Gourichon, D., Deveau, Q., Jeanson, P., Alcouffe, Joël, Dufour, Philippe, Melkior, S., Pampouille, E., Bonnal, Laurent, and Bastianelli, Denis
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food and beverages - Abstract
The NitroSorg project is funded by CASDAR, Ministère de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, France. It involves INRAE and CIRAD through the participation of the AGAP, IATE, BOA research units and the PEAT Experimental Unit, the Eurosorgho and RAGT2n seed companies, and the technical institute ITAVI. Although the SELMET research unit does not benefit directly of financial support of the project, it provides its expertise on feed quality phenotyping tools to the consortium. Nitrosorg will begin in 2022 and will last 42 months. It brings together a multidisciplinary consortium of biologists, geneticists, breeders, biochemists and poultry feed specialists to better understand the establishment of sorghum grain quality for poultry feeding and contribute to the development of breeding tools to optimize breeding efficiency for this target. Indeed, the low digestibility of sorghum grain proteins by gastrointestinal proteases, which has the particularity of decreasing even further after cooking, represents an important obstacle to a wider use of sorghum for feed but also for human nutrition. This low digestibility can be attributed to the interaction of proteins with other grain compounds such as starch or tannins, but is mainly related to the structure and properties of the storage proteins of sorghum grain (kafirins). One of the objectives of this project is to develop high-throughput characterization tools for the protein content and digestibility, but also starch and tannin content and endosperm texture that can affect this digestibility. The consortium will mobilize these tools to characterize the current European varietal offer, a panel representing the worldwide diversity, and the parental lines of the partner's breeding programs. Finally, we will carry, on a smaller panel of genotypes, an analysis of kafirin composition, and an exhaustive analysis of in vitro and in vivo protein digestibility (as part of poultry feeding). These analyses should allow us to assess the relevance of the high-throughput screening tools developed and will lead to the definition of the target ideotypes for poultry feeding. In the long term, these results will contribute to the development of grain sorghum varieties with a better protein content and digestibility, and therefore an improved nutritional value.
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- 2021
20. Rapid Estimation of Higher Heating Value (HHV) and Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) by using Organic Wastes Characteristics: Application in Tropical Environment
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Nantenaina Rabetokotany, Bastianelli, Denis, Bonnal, Laurent, and Thuriès, Laurent
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Mobilizing sorghum genetic diversity: Biochemical and histological-assisted design of a stem ideotype for biomethane production
- Author
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Thomas, Hélène Laurence, Pot, David, Jaffuel, Sylvie, Verdeil, Jean-Luc, Baptiste, Christelle, Bonnal, Laurent, Trouche, Gilles, Bastianelli, Denis, Latrille, Eric, Berger, Angélique, Calatayud, Caroline, Chauvergne, Céline, Rossard, Virginie, Jeanson, Patrice, Alcouffe, Joël, Carrere, Hélène, Thomas, Hélène Laurence, Pot, David, Jaffuel, Sylvie, Verdeil, Jean-Luc, Baptiste, Christelle, Bonnal, Laurent, Trouche, Gilles, Bastianelli, Denis, Latrille, Eric, Berger, Angélique, Calatayud, Caroline, Chauvergne, Céline, Rossard, Virginie, Jeanson, Patrice, Alcouffe, Joël, and Carrere, Hélène
- Abstract
Sorghum currently contributes to the species portfolio that is supporting bioenergy production including anaerobic digestion. Although agro-morphological ideotypes maximizing biogas production have been recently proposed, there is a crucial need to refine our understanding of the impacts of the stem composition and structure on this processing trait in order to ensure genetic gains in the mid to long terms. This study aims to assess the potential of Sorghum bicolor ssp bicolor stem genetic diversity to maximize genetic gains for biogas production and define a biogas stem ideotype. In this context, a panel of 57 genotypes, encompassing most of the stem composition variability available in cultivated sorghum, was characterized over five sites. Simultaneous histological and biochemical characterizations were performed. A high broad sense heritability associated with a moderate genetic variability was detected for stem biogas potential ensuring significant genetic gains in the future. In addition, the development of a stem histological phenotyping pipeline made it possible to describe the genetic diversity available for the internode anatomy and the repartition of key cell wall components. Consistently with previous studies, moderate to high heritability was observed for stem biochemical components. Genetic correlation, hierarchical clustering, and multiple stepwise regression analyses identified soluble sugar content as the first main driver of biogas potential genetic variability. Nevertheless, breeding programs should anticipate that biogas yield improvement will also rely on the monitoring of the cell wall components and their distribution in the stem jointly with the soluble sugar content. According to the assets of sorghum in terms of adaptation to environmental stresses and the present results regarding the identification of stem ideotypes suitable for different value chains, this species will surely play a key role to optimize the economic and environmental sust
- Published
- 2021
22. Transcriptional Regulation of Sorghum Stem Composition: Key Players Identified Through Co-expression Gene Network and Comparative Genomics Analyses
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Hennet, Lauriane, Berger, Angélique, Trabanco, Noemi, Ricciuti, Emeline, Dufayard, Jean-François, Bocs, Stéphanie, Bastianelli, Denis, Bonnal, Laurent, Roques, Sandrine, Rossini, Laura, Luquet, Delphine, Terrier, Nancy, Pot, David, Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Parco Tecnologico Padano, CERSA, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria = National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Systèmes d'élevage méditerranéens et tropicaux (UMR SELMET), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI), BIOSORG project - Agropolis foundation AF 1301-010, BIOSORG project - Cariplo foundation FC 2013-1890, Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MHESR), Dufrenoy Foundation, and ANR-11-BTBR-0006,BFF,Biomasse pour le futur(2011)
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Paroi cellulaire ,[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment ,NAC ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,food and beverages ,MYB ,Plant Science ,co-expression network analysis ,gene co-expression network analysis ,phylogeny ,F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes ,génomique ,cell wallgene ,Expression des gènes ,cell wall ,sorghum ,internode ,transcription factor ,Original Research - Abstract
International audience; Most sorghum biomass accumulates in stem secondary cell walls (SCW). As sorghum stems are used as raw materials for various purposes such as feed, energy and fiber reinforced polymers, identifying the genes responsible for SCW establishment is highly important. Taking advantage of studies performed in model species, most of the structural genes contributing at the molecular level to the SCW biosynthesis in sorghum have been proposed while their regulatory factors have mostly not been determined. Validation of the role of several MYB and NAC transcription factors in SCW regulation in Arabidopsis and a few other species has been provided. In this study, we contributed to the recent efforts made in grasses to uncover the mechanisms underlying SCW establishment. We reported updated phylogenies of NAC and MYB in 9 different species and exploited findings from other species to highlight candidate regulators of SCW in sorghum. We acquired expression data during sorghum internode development and used co-expression analyses to determine groups of co-expressed genes that are likely to be involved in SCW establishment. We were able to identify two groups of co-expressed genes presenting multiple evidences of involvement in SCW building. Gene enrichment analysis of MYB and NAC genes provided evidence that while NAC SECONDARY WALL THICKENING PROMOTING FACTOR NST genes and SECONDARY WALL-ASSOCIATED NAC DOMAIN PROTEIN gene functions appear to be conserved in sorghum, NAC master regulators of SCW in sorghum may not be as tissue compartmentalized as in Arabidopsis. We showed that for every homolog of the key SCW MYB in Arabidopsis, a similar role is expected for sorghum. In addition, we unveiled sorghum MYB and NAC that have not been identified to date as being involved in cell wall regulation. Although specific validation of the MYB and NAC genes uncovered in this study is needed, we provide a network of sorghum genes involved in SCW both at the structural and regulatory levels.
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- 2020
23. A web-platform for predicting chemical composition of tropical plants
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Lesnoff, Matthieu, Juanes, Xavier, Julien, Lionel, Bonnal, Laurent, and Naneneza, S.
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- 2020
24. Dataset of visible-near infrared handheld and micro-spectrometers – comparison of the prediction accuracy of sugarcane properties
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Zgouz, Abdallah, Héran, Daphné, Barthès, Bernard, Bastianelli, Denis, Bonnal, Laurent, Baeten, Vincent, Lurol, Sébastien, Bonin, Michaël, Roger, Jean-Michel, Bendoula, Ryad, Chaix, Gilles, Zgouz, Abdallah, Héran, Daphné, Barthès, Bernard, Bastianelli, Denis, Bonnal, Laurent, Baeten, Vincent, Lurol, Sébastien, Bonin, Michaël, Roger, Jean-Michel, Bendoula, Ryad, and Chaix, Gilles
- Abstract
In the dataset presented in this article, sixty sugarcane samples were analyzed by eight visible / near infrared spectrometers including seven micro-spectrometers. There is one file per spectrometer with sample name, wavelength, absorbance data [calculated as log10 (1/Reflectance)], and another file for reference data, in order to assess the potential of the micro-spectrometers to predict chemical properties of sugarcane samples and to compare their performance with a LabSpec spectrometer. The Partial Least Square Regression (PLS-R) algorithm was used to build calibration models. This open access dataset could also be used to test new chemometric methods, for training, etc.
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- 2020
25. Dataset of organic sample near infrared spectra acquired on different spectrometers
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Chauvergne, Céline, Bonnal, Laurent, Bastianelli, Denis, Carrere, Hélène, Griveau, Yves, Jacquemot, Marie-Pierre, Reymond, Matthieu, Méchin, Valérie, Rossard, Virginie, Latrille, Eric, Chauvergne, Céline, Bonnal, Laurent, Bastianelli, Denis, Carrere, Hélène, Griveau, Yves, Jacquemot, Marie-Pierre, Reymond, Matthieu, Méchin, Valérie, Rossard, Virginie, and Latrille, Eric
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This dataset presents 127 raw near infrared spectra of different organic samples acquired on three different spectrometers in three different labs. An example of data processing is shown to create six spectra transfer models between the three spectrometers (two by two). In order to build and validate these transfer models, the dataset was split into two sets of spectra: a first set was used to compute six spectra transfer models thanks to the Piecewise Direct standardisation function (PDS). A second set of spectra, independent of the first one was used to validate transfer models. Spectrum treatments and models were created on ChemFlow (https://vm-chemflow-francegrille.eu/), a free online chemometric software that includes all the necessary functions.
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- 2020
26. Dataset of organic sample near infrared spectra acquired on different spectrometers
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Chauvergne, Céline, primary, Bonnal, Laurent, additional, Bastianelli, Denis, additional, Carrère, Hélène, additional, Griveau, Yves, additional, Jacquemot, Marie-Pierre, additional, Reymond, Matthieu, additional, Méchin, Valérie, additional, Rossard, Virginie, additional, and Latrille, Éric, additional
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- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Dataset of visible-near infrared handheld and micro-spectrometers – comparison of the prediction accuracy of sugarcane properties
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Zgouz, Abdallah, primary, Héran, Daphné, additional, Barthès, Bernard, additional, Bastianelli, Denis, additional, Bonnal, Laurent, additional, Baeten, Vincent, additional, Lurol, Sebastien, additional, Bonin, Michael, additional, Roger, Jean-Michel, additional, Bendoula, Ryad, additional, and Chaix, Gilles, additional
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- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Genotypic covariations of traits underlying sorghum stem biomass production and quality and their regulations by water availability: Insight from studies at organ and tissue levels
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Perrier, Lisa, Clement-Vidal, Anne, Jaffuel, Sylvie, Verdeil, Jean-Luc, Roques, Sandrine, Soutiras, Armelle, Baptiste, Christelle, Fabre, Denis, Bastianelli, Denis, Bonnal, Laurent, Sartre, Pascal, Rouan, Lauriane, Pot, David, and Luquet, Delphine
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biomass sorghum ,cell wall components ,histology ,soluble sugar ,stem internode ,water deficit ,Vegetal Biology ,food and beverages ,Biologie végétale - Abstract
Sweet and biomass sorghum are expected to contribute increasingly to bioenergy production. Better understanding the impacts of the genotypic and environmental variabilities on biomass component traits and their properties is essential to optimize energy yields. This study aimed to evaluate whether traits contributing to stem biomass growth and biochemical composition at different biological scales (co)vary with the genotype and the water status in sorghum. Height genotypes were studied over two years in field conditions in southern France under two water treatments (well watered vs. 25 days' dry down during stem elongation). Main stem internode number, size, (non)structural carbohydrate, and lignin contents were measured at the end of the stress period and/or at final harvest, together with biochemical and histological analyses of the youngest expanded internode. The tallest genotypes showed the highest stem dry weights and lignin contents. Stem (structural) biomass density was positively correlated with lignin content, particularly in internode parenchyma. Stem soluble sugar and lignin contents were inversely proportional across genotypes and water conditions. Genotypes contrasted for drought sensitivity and recovery capacity of stem growth and biochemical composition. The length and cell wall deposition of internodes expanding under water deficit were reduced and did not recover, these responses being weakly correlated. Genotypic variability was pointed out in the growth recovery of internodes expanding under re-watered conditions. According to the observed genotypic variability and the absence of antagonistic correlations between the responses of the different traits to water availability, it is suggested that biomass sorghum varieties optimizing their responses to water availability in terms of growth and cell wall deposition can be developed for different bioenergy targets.
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- 2019
29. A sorghum biomass quality genetic atlas: integrating GWAS, multiparental designs (BCNAM and connected biparental populations) and transcriptome analyses to optimize breeding efficiency for different biomass uses
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Pot, David, Trouche, Gilles, Hennet, Lauriane, Thera, Korothimi, Vilmus, Ingrid, Trabanco, Noemi, Berger, Angélique, Ricciuti, Emeline, Desaint, Henri, Luquet, Delphine, Roques, Sandrine, Vaksmann, Michel, Rami, Jean-François, Bastianelli, Denis, Bonnal, Laurent, Jeanson, Patrice, Devaud, Quentin, Roldan, Dana, Valente, Fabio, Moreau, Philippe, Alcouffe, Joël, Fabre, Françoise, Dufour, Philippe, Reymond, Matthieu, Brancourt-Hulmel, Maryse, Höfte, Herman, Teme, Niaba, Terrier, Nancy, Rossini, Laura, Pot, David, Trouche, Gilles, Hennet, Lauriane, Thera, Korothimi, Vilmus, Ingrid, Trabanco, Noemi, Berger, Angélique, Ricciuti, Emeline, Desaint, Henri, Luquet, Delphine, Roques, Sandrine, Vaksmann, Michel, Rami, Jean-François, Bastianelli, Denis, Bonnal, Laurent, Jeanson, Patrice, Devaud, Quentin, Roldan, Dana, Valente, Fabio, Moreau, Philippe, Alcouffe, Joël, Fabre, Françoise, Dufour, Philippe, Reymond, Matthieu, Brancourt-Hulmel, Maryse, Höfte, Herman, Teme, Niaba, Terrier, Nancy, and Rossini, Laura
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The Andropogonae tribe hosts some of the most efficient plant biomass accumulators on earth (sugarcane, switchgrass, miscanthus...). Among these, sorghum is a relevant candidate to support biomass value chain development for energy, biomaterials and innovative biorefinery approaches. Sorghum exhibits a large genetic variability for biomass composition providing the opportunities to support the development of different value chains. However, the access to fine-tuned varieties fitting the expectations of the various end-products is currently hampered by a limited understanding of the genetic architecture of the biomass and cell wall quality related traits. To tackle these limitations, an atlas of genomic regions that control the composition and properties of the vegetative biomass is under development. To fulfil this objective, we are integrating the results from i) GWAS analyses from three complementary broad based panels (i.e. worldwide collection (400 accessions), photoperiod sensitive (220) and photoperiod-insensitive (175) panels), ii) two Backcross Nested Association Mapping population (the first corresponding to 29 donor and 2 recurrent parents for a total of 1300 BC1F4 progenies and the second corresponding to 10 donors and 2 recurrent parents for a total of 2000 BC1F5) and iii) several connected biparental populations. All these populations were characterized either for their whole aboveground biomass composition or specifically for their stem composition using Van Soest methods. In addition, in vitro organic matter digestibility and cell wall digestibility were obtained using the Aufrere methods. Projection of the genomic regions identified on the different populations on the sorghum reference genome allowed to restrict the set of candidate genes. Meanwhile, dynamics of gene expression and biomass components accumulation patterns were analyzed on three contrasting genotypes to refine this list in combination with a comparative genomic approach taking advanta
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- 2019
30. Faecal near infrared spectroscopy (FNIRS) a support tool to manage small ruminants
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Bonnal, Laurent, Hassoun, Philippe, Bonnal, Laurent, and Hassoun, Philippe
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Faecal near infrared spectroscopy (FNIRS) can be a good technique to predict functional properties like intake or in vivo digestibility of forages by small ruminants. Data were collected from 108 different digestibility indoor and outdoor trials in Senegal and France carried out from 1993 to 2013 on sheep fed with a large variety of forage species. Faecal samples were scanned by a Foss NIRSystem 5000 monochromator. Calibrations were established on indoor trials samples and performed using the modified partial least square (mPLS) procedure to estimate dry or organic matter (DMI, OMI, g/kg metabolic weight, BW0.75) intake, in vivo dry and organic matter (DMD, OMD,%) digestibility. The derived standard errors of calibration (SEC) and coefficients of determination (R2cal) were 6.52 g/kg BW0.75 and 0.81 for DMI, 5.17 g/kg BW0.75 and 0.86 for OMI, 1.50% and 0.93 for DMD and 1.95% and 0.88 for OMD, respectively. These values confirm the interest of the use of FNIRS as a tool to manage small ruminants. The results obtained show a good accuracy with values similar to other published results for intake and digestibility. Validation on outdoor trials samples show the difficulty to extrapolate the prediction of intake with limited samples number and only one pasture quality.
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- 2019
31. Mise en oeuvre de la SPIR pour les productions animales dans les pays du Sud
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Bonnal, Laurent, Bastianelli, Denis, Bonnal, Laurent, and Bastianelli, Denis
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Les instituts de recherche en productions animales des pays du Sud disposent parfois de laboratoires d'analyse. Cependant ces laboratoires rencontrent souvent des difficultés de fonctionnement soit techniques (défaut d'approvisionnement en eau ou électricité) soit humaines (difficultés à avoir et/ou conserver des agents formés). De plus, les centres de recherche disposent parfois de capacités d'investissement en équipements scientifiques assez bonnes (projets, coopération, dons) mais ne disposent pas des ressources financières pour les maintenir et les faire fonctionner correctement. La production de données de référence fiables est donc généralement très difficile et aléatoire. Dans ce contexte où il est également de plus en plus difficile de faire voyager des échantillons pour des raisons sanitaires ou réglementaires, l'utilisation de la SPIR est une solution efficace pour permettre la production de données expérimentales à grande échelle. L'UMR Selmet travaille à la mise en place d'un réseau SPIR en Afrique et Océan Indien. Cette stratégie vise à appuyer nos partenaires d'une part à s'équiper en SPIR pour leur permettre d'acquérir une capacité de caractérisation de leurs ressources alimentaires et d'autre part à les accompagner dans le développement de cette technique. Pour l'UMR Selmet l'accompagnement des partenaires passe par la formation et par le développement et le déploiement d'outil d'aide à la prédiction (plateforme de prédiction en ligne " NIRSPred "). Il est cependant essentiel d'associer les partenaires à la production de données de référence et d'éviter de les rendre totalement dépendants de bases centralisées. L'aide au suivi de la qualité des spectromètres (création automatisée de carte de contrôle " ASDMonitor ") est également un élément important de l'appui au développement du réseau.
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- 2019
32. Etude du vieillissement d'échantillons de végétaux par SPIR
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Baby, Elodie, Bonnal, Laurent, Bazan, Samantha, Bastianelli, Denis, Baby, Elodie, Bonnal, Laurent, Bazan, Samantha, and Bastianelli, Denis
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Certains échantillons de végétaux conservés dans des collections (échantillothèques, herbiers, carpothèques, …) ont une valeur scientifique ou patrimoniale importante, et la mesure de leurs caractéristiques biochimiques par SPIR serait intéressante. Une limite à cette utilisation peut être l'état de conservation des échantillons et ses conséquences sur leur composition chimique. Dans le cadre de la valorisation d'importantes collections d'aliments pour animaux (plus de 60 000 échantillons stockés depuis les années 1960), nous avons étudié l'évolution des spectres et des prédictions de composition chimique avec la durée de stockage d'échantillons de fourrages. 120 échantillons appartenant à 4 catégories de végétaux ont été sélectionnés. Les spectres des échantillons présentés en poudre ont été collectés sur un spectromètre FOSS (NIRSYSTEM 5000 et 6500, 1100-2500nm) en 2002 puis à nouveau en 2017. Deux types de comparaisons ont été réalisées, l'étude de l'évolution du spectre et l'étude de l'évolution des prédictions de trois paramètres clé : protéines (MAT), fibres totales (NDF) et digestibilité in vitro (DMO). La distance entre les spectres initiaux et les spectres obtenus après 15 ans est supérieure à celle observée entre deux répétitions réalisées à la même date. Une partie des différences est logiquement située dans les bandes de l'eau mais certaines se situent dans d'autres régions spectrales. Les valeurs de prédictions montrent (i) que les résultats sont comparables pour les paramètres MAT et DMO, (ii) qu'il y a une diminution de la teneur en NDF pour toutes les catégories d'échantillons, (iii) que les écarts-types sont identiques pour un même paramètre. Les régressions linéaires entre les prédictions basées sur les anciens et les nouveaux spectres donnent des R² autour de 0,96. Malgré le biais qu'il peut y avoir, les valeurs restent fortement corrélées. Il est donc nécessaire de prendre des précautions dans l'interprétation des données de prédictions sur des é
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- 2019
33. Plateforme de modèles locaux/globaux de transfert de spectres inter-instrument
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Chauvergne, Céline, Bonnal, Laurent, Bastianelli, Denis, Carrere, Hélène, Griveau, Yves, Méchin, Valérie, Rossard, Virginie, Latrille, Eric, Chauvergne, Céline, Bonnal, Laurent, Bastianelli, Denis, Carrere, Hélène, Griveau, Yves, Méchin, Valérie, Rossard, Virginie, and Latrille, Eric
- Abstract
Dans le cadre du projet Biomass For the Futur (BFF), des échanges inter-laboratoires d'échantillons de miscanthus, sorgho et maïs sont effectués afin de mesurer et de prédire des paramètres biochimiques. Chaque laboratoire possède ses propres méthodes de mesures expérimentales et ses modèles de calibration proche infrarouge. A ce jour, les prédictions issues des modèles de calibration nécessitent l'acquisition de spectres au laboratoire. L'objectif du travail mené ici est de pouvoir s'affranchir de cette étape d'acquisition en créant des modèles de transfert entre deux spectromètres. En effet, les appareils des laboratoires partenaires sont de marques différentes, et n'ont pas les mêmes modalités d'acquisition (unités, résolution…). Il est donc nécessaire de créer des modèles permettant de transférer un spectre d'un appareil vers un autre afin de l'utiliser pour la prédiction de paramètres biochimiques. La présentation repose ici sur les modèles de transfert entre l'UMR SELMET pour leur spectromètre FOSS NIRSystem5000, et le LBE pour le spectromètre BUCHI N-500. Les modèles de transfert sont réalisés sur ChemFlow, logiciel de chimiométrie gratuit en ligne, permettant le stockage et le partage de données entre utilisateurs. Deux types d'échantillons ont été échangés entre ces deux laboratoires pour la création des modèles : 40 échantillons de référence, représentatifs des activités de chaque laboratoire, ainsi que 31 échantillons spécifiques du projet BFF (maïs, miscanthus et sorgho). Ces deux jeux de données ont dans un premier temps été pris séparément pour créer deux modèles : le modèle labo40 (global) et le modèle BFF31 (local). Puis dans un second temps, les 71 échantillons sont rassemblés pour créer le modèle globalBFF71. Ces trois modèles sont construits avec l'outil de transfert PDS (Piecewise Direct Standardization) et diffèrent seulement par leur jeu de construction. Enfin, un modèle témoin est testé, le modèle 0, créé sans outil de transfert, simplement av
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- 2019
34. Etalonnage de la spectrométrie proche infrarouge(SPIR) pour la prédiction de la composition chimique et la digestibilité in vitro de quelques espèces pastorales dans le sud tunisien
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Ben Rejeb, MARIEM, Dbara, M., Daddi, Kamel, Bonnal, Laurent, Khorchani, T., Ben Rejeb, MARIEM, Dbara, M., Daddi, Kamel, Bonnal, Laurent, and Khorchani, T.
- Abstract
Contexte et objectifs: en Tunisie, la majorité des parcours sont situés dans les zones semi-arides et arides. Ils couvrent une superficie de 5,5 millions d'hectares. Ces parcours jouent un rôle vital quant à leur apport extrêmement considérable au niveau du bilan fourrager de l'élevage extensif. Soumis à un système d'exploitation pastoral intensif, ces parcours ont atteint un stade de dégradation très avancé. Les espèces pastorales comestibles, variant selon l'espèce animale exploitant le parcours, constituent la ration de base du dromadaire conduit en extensif. Il est donc indispensable d'étudier la composition chimique de ces espèces. L'objectif de cette étude est la mise en place d'une méthodologie basée sur la spectroscopie proche infrarouge spir pour la caractérisation de quelques espèces pastorales dans le sud tunisien (retama reatam, haloxylon shmittianum, suaeda mollis, salsola tetrandra, zygophyllum album, ariplex halimus, halocnemum strobilaceum, limoniastrum guyonianum, anabasis articulata et frankinia thymofolia) palatable par le dromadaire, permettant de déduire la bonne complémentation pendant les années sèches. Matériel et méthodes: les échantillons ont été collectés de deux parcours du sud tunisien (El bhaier et El fjé) et analysés pour déterminer leur teneurs en matières minérales (MM), matière organique(MO), en matières azotées totales (MAT), ensuite les teneurs en fibres (NDF, ADF et ADL) et la digestibilité in vitro. Ils sont été passé par la SPIR (TANGO-BRUKER) en utilisant des longueurs d'ondes variant entre 800 et 2500 nm, et à l'aide d'un logiciel appelé opus pour créer une méthode de prédiction. Résultats et discussion: les critères retenus pour évaluer la qualité des modèles établis sont: le coefficient de détermination (r²), l'erreur standard de validation croisée (RMSECV ou RMSEP), l'erreur standard d'estimation (RMSEE), et le RPD représentant le rapport entre l'écart-type de la population et variant entre 1,4 et 3. Ce paramètre permet la
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- 2019
35. Genotypic covariations of traits underlying sorghum stem biomass production and quality and their regulations by water availability: Insight from studies at organ and tissue levels
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Luquet, Delphine, Perrier, Lisa, Clément-Vidal, Anne, Jaffuel, Sylvie, Verdeil, Jean-Luc, Roques, Sandrine, Soutiras, Armelle, Baptiste, Christelle, Fabre, Denis, Bastianelli, Denis, Bonnal, Laurent, Sartre, Pascal, Rouan, Lauriane, Pot, David, Luquet, Delphine, Perrier, Lisa, Clément-Vidal, Anne, Jaffuel, Sylvie, Verdeil, Jean-Luc, Roques, Sandrine, Soutiras, Armelle, Baptiste, Christelle, Fabre, Denis, Bastianelli, Denis, Bonnal, Laurent, Sartre, Pascal, Rouan, Lauriane, and Pot, David
- Abstract
Sweet and biomass sorghum are expected to contribute increasingly to bioenergy production. Better understanding the impacts of the genotypic and environmental variabilities on biomass component traits and their properties is essential to optimize energy yields. This study aimed to evaluate whether traits contributing to stem biomass growth and biochemical composition at different biological scales (co)vary with the genotype and the water status in sorghum. Height genotypes were studied over two years in field conditions in southern France under two water treatments (well watered vs. 25 days' dry down during stem elongation). Main stem internode number, size, (non)structural carbohydrate, and lignin contents were measured at the end of the stress period and/or at final harvest, together with biochemical and histological analyses of the youngest expanded internode. The tallest genotypes showed the highest stem dry weights and lignin contents. Stem (structural) biomass density was positively correlated with lignin content, particularly in internode parenchyma. Stem soluble sugar and lignin contents were inversely proportional across genotypes and water conditions. Genotypes contrasted for drought sensitivity and recovery capacity of stem growth and biochemical composition. The length and cell wall deposition of internodes expanding under water deficit were reduced and did not recover, these responses being weakly correlated. Genotypic variability was pointed out in the growth recovery of internodes expanding under re‐watered conditions. According to the observed genotypic variability and the absence of antagonistic correlations between the responses of the different traits to water availability, it is suggested that biomass sorghum varieties optimizing their responses to water availability in terms of growth and cell wall deposition can be developed for different bioenergy targets.
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- 2019
36. La spectrométrie dans le proche infrarouge pour la caractérisation des ressources alimentaires
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Bastianelli, Denis, Bonnal, Laurent, Barre, Philippe, Nabeneza, Serge, Salgado, Paulo, Andueza, Donato, Systèmes d'élevage méditerranéens et tropicaux (UMR SELMET), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)
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grass ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,compound feeds ,measure metabolizable energy ,fatty-acids ,predicting forage quality ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences ,botanical composition ,digestibility ,reflectance spectroscopy nirs ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,dry matter ,chemical composition ,[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology ,[INFO]Computer Science [cs] - Abstract
National audience; The management of livestock systems for technical, economic and environmental optimization requires an increasingly accurate formulation of rations and therefore a detailed knowledge on the feeds consumed by animals. Near-infrared spectrometry (NIRS), which has been used increasingly since the 1960s, is an analytical technique that allows rapid characterization of feeds or forage samples. The first applications developed were on the chemical composition of the feeds, but it is also possible to develop calibrations for the estimation of the nutritional value and the feed intake. Beyond these direct measurements on the feed, NIRS can also be applied to faeces to characterize the feeding of animals on rangelands. Joint consideration of feed and feces spectra can give a picture of how animals actually use feeds. Other possible uses of NIRS such as traceability or feed classification and botanical recognition of plants in grasslands are also described. The current technical developments, and in particular the miniaturization of spectrometers, make it possible to bring the instruments on the field to produce information as close as possible to its use. Other spectroscopic techniques that are alternative or complementary to NIRS such as mid-infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy or hyperspectral imaging will allow other measurement conditions and other applications.; Le pilotage des systèmes d’élevage en vue d’une optimisation technique, économique et environnementale passe par une formulation des rations de plus en plus précise et nécessite donc une connaissance fine des aliments consommés par les animaux. La spectrométrie dans le proche infrarouge (SPIR), utilisée de façon croissante depuis les années 60, est une technique analytique permettant de caractériser rapidement des échantillons d’aliments ou de fourrages. Les premières applications concernaient la composition chimique des fourrages, mais il est également possible de développer des étalonnages pour une estimation de la valeur nutritive et de l’ingestion. Au-delà de ces mesures directes sur l’aliment, la SPIR peut être appliquée sur les fèces afin de caractériser l’alimentation d’animaux sur parcours. Le traitement conjoint des spectres des aliments et des fèces peut donner une vision de l’utilisation réellement faite des aliments par les animaux. D’autres utilisations possibles de la SPIR comme la traçabilité ou la classification des aliments ainsi que la reconnaissance botanique des végétaux dans les prairies sont aussi décrites. Les développements techniques actuels, et notamment la miniaturisation des spectromètres, permettent d’amener les instruments sur le terrain pour produire l’information au plus près de son utilisation. D’autres techniques spectroscopiques alternatives ou complémentaires à la SPIR comme la spectroscopie dans le moyen infrarouge, la spectroscopie Raman ou l’imagerie hyperspectrale permettront d’autres conditions de mesures et d’autres applications.
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- 2018
37. Use of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy to predict chemical composition of some pastoral species appeased by the dromedaryin southern Tunisia
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Benrejeb, M., Dbara, M., Dadi, K., Bonnal, Laurent, Hajji, H., and Khorchani, T.
- Abstract
The Near Infra red Spectroscopy (NIRS) is an analytical technique based on the principle of absorption of infra red radiation in relation with the chemical composition of the material. Over the past three decades, NIRS has been proved to be one of the most efficient and advanced tools for the estimation of feed quality. The objective of this study was to predict the composition of mineral content (Ash), crude protein (CP) and fiber contents (NDF, ADF) using NIRS method(n=376) of the topten most abandoned pastoral species on the grasslands even during the drier years and palatable by the Arabian camel (Came/us dromedarius).These species (Retamaretam, Haloxylonschmittianum, Suaedamo/lis, Salsolatetrandra, Zygophyllum album, Atriplexhalimus, Halocnemumstrobilaceum, Limoniastrumguyonianum, Nitrariaretusa and Frankiniathyfolia) collected from two sites of southern Tunisia (Kebili and Mednine) during four seasons between 2014 and 2015. The most accurate model was obtained forAsh with R2=0.93, Root Mean Square Error of Estimation (RMSEE)=2.33, Ratio Performance Deviation (RPD)=3.8).Fiber contents (NDF, ADF) prediction models were satisfactory and the R2 and RPO values were (0.84 and 0.89; 2.5 and 3.09), respectively for NDF, ADF. The model for crude protein was less accurate and needs enrichment (R2=0.83, RMSEE=1.29 and RPD= 2.46). Validation on an independent set of samples (n= 20) of three pastoral species(Zygophy//um album, Retamaretam, Haloxylon schmittianum) collected from another course of South Tunisian (Matmata) yielded comparable results after having analyzed in the laboratory for CP, and ADF using wet chemical analysis.the following results were obtained respectively (9.5 and 20.8), (9.2 and 54.3), (5.4 and 28.1) and prediction with models already created give in the same order (8.33, 19.22), (8.36 ,39.28), (4.55, 26.60). Based on these results, NIR spectroscopy can be used to predict chemical composition ofpastoral speciesinarid and desert regionswhich are essential to know the quality of the fodder and consequently the development of the breeding of the dromedaries by a balance of the food based on the grazing of this courses.
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- 2018
38. La spectrométrie dans le proche infrarouge pour la caractérisation des ressources alimentaires
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BASTIANELLI, Denis, primary, BONNAL, Laurent, additional, BARRE, Philippe, additional, NABENEZA, Serge, additional, SALGADO, Paulo, additional, and ANDUEZA, Donato, additional
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- 2019
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39. Predicting feed digestibility from NIRS analysis of pig faeces
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Bastianelli, Denis, Bonnal, Laurent, Jaguelin-Peyraud, Y., Bocquier, François, Noblet, J., Systèmes d'élevage méditerranéens et tropicaux (UMR SELMET), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)
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Dietary Fiber ,pig ,Réflectométrie ,Swine ,Digestibilité ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Analytical chemistry ,Feces ,Porcin ,Traitement des aliments ,2. Zero hunger ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Chemistry ,nir spectroscopy ,Reflectivity ,Animal culture ,Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ,Digestion ,Composition (visual arts) ,Spectrométrie ,faeces ,Nitrogen ,Animal feed ,Spectroscopie infrarouge ,SF1-1100 ,Animal science ,Réflectance ,Animals ,Q51 - Technologie des aliments pour animaux ,Dry matter ,Organic matter ,L02 - Alimentation animale ,Animal Feed ,Diet ,Valeur nutritive ,digestibility ,Fèces ,Energy density ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Energy Intake ,Nutrition animale - Abstract
Digestibility is a key parameter in the evaluation of feeds; however, the measurements on animals require heavy experimental trials, which are hardly feasible when large numbers of determinations are required - for example, in genetic studies. This experiment aimed at investigating the possibility to predict digestibility from NIRS spectra measured on faeces. A total of 196 samples were available from a digestibility experiment investigating the effects of age and genetic background of Large White pigs fed the same diet, rich in fibre (NDF=21.4% DM). Digestibility of dry matter (dDM), organic matter (dOM), nitrogen content (dN), energy (dE) and apparent digestible energy content (ADE) were calculated, as well as total N content of faeces (N). The faeces samples were submitted to reflectance NIRS analysis after freeze-drying and grinding. Calibration errors and validation errors were, respectively, 0.08 and 0.13% DM for total N in faeces, 0.97% and 1.08% for dDM, 0.79% and 1.04% for dOM, 1.04% and 1.47% for dN, 0.87% and 1.12% for dE and 167 and 213 kJ/kg DM for ADE. These results indicate that NIRS can account for digestibility differences due to animal factors, with an acceptable accuracy. NIRS appears to be a promising tool for large-scale evaluations of digestibility. It could also be used for the study of digestibility of different feeds, after appropriate calibration based on a wide range of feed types.
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- 2015
40. Bilan de l'étude HélioSPIR Microspectromètres : méthodologie employée, résultats et perspectives. Etape 1. Caractérisation des spectromètres
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Baeten, Vincent, Bastianelli, Denis, Roger, Jean-Michel, Gorretta, Nathalie, Dardenne, Pierre, Bonnal, Laurent, Barthès, Bernard, Larat, Vincent, Lurol, Sébastien, Clément-Vidal, Anne, Roussel, Sylvie, Bonin, Michaël, Bendoula, Ryad, Zgouz, Abdallah, Héran, Daphné, Chaix, Gilles, Baeten, Vincent, Bastianelli, Denis, Roger, Jean-Michel, Gorretta, Nathalie, Dardenne, Pierre, Bonnal, Laurent, Barthès, Bernard, Larat, Vincent, Lurol, Sébastien, Clément-Vidal, Anne, Roussel, Sylvie, Bonin, Michaël, Bendoula, Ryad, Zgouz, Abdallah, Héran, Daphné, and Chaix, Gilles
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Etape 1 : Caractérisation des spectromètresObjectif : caractériser les performances optiques des différents spectromètres et micro-spectromètres étudiés.Caractérisation de la réponse du capteurMesure du Dark Current (DC) : mesures spectrales dans le noir, éclairage du spectromètre allumé, pour différents Temps Intégration (Ti) ou gain.Objectif: tracer la fonction : DC=f(Ti) ou DC=f(G).Mesure du Bruit par Pixel (BP) : deux mesures dans le noir à 0 ms (si possible).Objectif: BP=(Mesure1−Mesure2)/√2Linéarité du Capteur (LC) : mesures spectrales sur une référence blanche, pour différents temps d'intégration ou gain jusqu'à saturation du spectre. Objectif: tracer la fonction : LC=f(Ti) ou DC=f(G).Rapport Signal/Bruit (SNR) : mesures spectrales d'une référence répétées n fois. Le temps d'intégration est optimisé afin de maximiser le signal mesuré tout en restant dans la zone de linéarité du capteur. Objectif: calculer la moyenne et l'écart type: SNR=/σ(λ)Stabilité de la mesure spectrale de l'appareilMéthode: après optimisation du temps d'intégration, une mesure d'une référence blanche sera effectuée toute le 2 minutes durant 60 minutes. Objectif: observer les dérives rapides et lentes de la mesure spectraleCaractérisation spectrale de l'appareilJustesse de la calibration : des échantillons présentant de signatures spectrales bien définies sont mesurés.Objectif: mesurer la justesse de la calibration fournie par le constructeurRésolution spectrale : sources lasers ou filtrées seront mesurées Objectif: mesure de la résolution spectraleLumière parasite : l'éclairage de chaque spectromètre sera filtré (passe-haut). Une mesure spectrale de cette lumière filtrée sera mesurée sur un échantillon blanc.Objectif: quantifié la lumière résiduelle (lumière parasite) dans la zone coupée par le filtre.
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- 2018
41. THS : mesures de Traits fonctionnels des espèces végétales à partir d'Herbier à l'aide de la Spectrométrie en proche infrarouge.
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Taugourdeau, Simon, Svensk, Mia, Ndiaye, Ousmane, Diatta, Ousmane, Gomis, Z., Camara, M., Bonnal, Laurent, Bastianelli, Denis, Taugourdeau, Simon, Svensk, Mia, Ndiaye, Ousmane, Diatta, Ousmane, Gomis, Z., Camara, M., Bonnal, Laurent, and Bastianelli, Denis
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- 2018
42. Bilan de l'étude HélioSPIR Microspectromètres : méthodologie employée, résultats et perspectives. Etape 2. Performances d'une série de microspectromètres
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Baeten, Vincent, Bastianelli, Denis, Roger, Jean-Michel, Gorretta, Nathalie, Dardenne, Pierre, Bonnal, Laurent, Barthès, Bernard, Larat, Vincent, Lurol, Sébastien, Clément-Vidal, Anne, Roussel, Sylvie, Bonin, Michaël, Chaix, Gilles, Zgouz, Abdallah, Héran, Daphné, Bendoula, Ryad, Baeten, Vincent, Bastianelli, Denis, Roger, Jean-Michel, Gorretta, Nathalie, Dardenne, Pierre, Bonnal, Laurent, Barthès, Bernard, Larat, Vincent, Lurol, Sébastien, Clément-Vidal, Anne, Roussel, Sylvie, Bonin, Michaël, Chaix, Gilles, Zgouz, Abdallah, Héran, Daphné, and Bendoula, Ryad
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- 2018
43. Evaluación de la calidad de los recursos forrajeros ingeridos por el ganado lechero a través del análisis de heces con NIRS
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Bonnal, Laurent and Bastianelli, Denis
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Poder evaluar la calidad de las dietas (composición, valor nutritivo) ingeridas por el ganado bovino en pastos nativos o cultivados es particularmente importante para optimizar el nivel de producción de las explotaciones. En pasto o en pastoreo extensivo, es difícil saber con precisión las características de la ingesta de los rumiantes sin métodos experimentales pesados y costosos. La espectrometría en el infrarrojo cercano (NIRS) es una herramienta rápida para el análisis directo de los recursos de alimentación del ganado, incluidos el forraje. La NIRS ha demostrado su potencial para la evaluación indirecta de la calidad de las raciones por análisis fecal. Este trabajo de Máster tiene como objetivo poner a prueba la aplicación del NIRS fecal para evaluar la calidad de las dietas consumidas por el ganado bovino en pastoreo, en diferentes terrenos de investigación del CIRAD, mediante la movilización de diversos conjuntos de datos existentes en la unidad SELMET y la adición de nuevos datos recogidos en este estudio en Madagascar y Senegal para agregar variabilidad. Un total de 8 conjuntos de datos constituidos de 1471 muestras de parejas dieta: heces han sido agrupados para formar la base de datos QualiFNIRS. Todas las muestras recogidas se analizaron químicamente por la materia orgánica (MO), la proteína bruta (PB), los constituyentes de la pared celular (FND, FAD, LAD) y todos los espectros NIR se han normalizado para un espectrómetro de Foss NIRSystem5000. Las calibraciones desarrolladas han demostrado unos rendimientos aceptables con SEC (desviación residual estándar de la calibración) y R²cal de 1,14%MS y 0,97 para la MO, 1,42%MS y 0,87 para las PB, 4,31%MS y 0,88 para las FND, 2,41%MS y 0,86 para las FAD y 0,6%MS y 0,80 para la LAD. Sin embargo, a pesar que los rendimientos de las calibraciones son aceptables hemos podido demostrar la falta de robustez y la importancia de añadir periódicamente nuevos conjuntos de datos para aumentar la variabilidad de la base y mejorar su robustez. Las primeras pruebas exploratorias han demostrado también el potencial de la base QualiFNIRS para predecir la composición botánica y la proporción de concentrado de las dietas ingeridas. Este trabajo ha permitido empezar a crear la base QualiFNIRS que podrá ser utilizada como una herramienta para la toma de decisiones por parte de los investigadores de SELMET en sus campos de investigación.
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- 2017
44. From the territories to the genes: Developing sustainable multi-purpose sorghum value chains
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Pot, David, Rossini, Laura, Luquet, Delphine, Le Moigne, Nicolas, Gazull, Laurent, Trouche, Gilles, Vilmus, Ingrid, Roques, Sandrine, Berger, Angélique, Ricciuti, Emeline, Desaint, Henri, Clément, Anne, Soutiras, Armelle, Jaffuel, Sylvie, Verdeil, Jean-Luc, Vaksmann, Michel, Rami, Jean-François, Gatineau, Frédéric, Dufayard, Jean François, De Bellis, Fabien, Trabanco, Noemi, Soccalingame, Lata, Corn, Stephane, Carrere, Hélène, Thomas, Hélène Laurence, Bastianelli, Denis, Bonnal, Laurent, Jeanson, P., Devaud, Quentin, Alcouffe, Joël, Fabre, Françoise, Navard, Patrick, Vo, Loan T.T., Chupin, Lucie, Thera, Korothimi, Teme, Niaba, Kouressy, Mamoutou, Sartre, Pascal, Courty, Pierre-Emmanuel, Reymond, Matthieu, and Höfte, Herman
- Abstract
To face global warming and fossil fuel depletion crisis, plant biomass will provide a renewable source of energy, materials and chemicals. Accordingly, agriculture will have to adapt not only to avoid competition between food-feed and non-food non-feed uses but also to ensure the economical and environmental sustainability of these productions. In this context, we are developing an integrative strategy merging genetics, breeding, material sciences, energy production, animal nutrition and socio economic analyses to accelerate the development of multipurpose sorghum value chains for both Mediterranean and tropical semi-arid conditions (West Africa). As a first step, new products (biocomposites) and uses (biomethane production) are being developed. Then the plant traits impacting the production and quality of the different end-products and uses are being identified taking advantage of the genetic diversity of sorghum. As a third step, the set-up of these key traits in the plant is being analyzed in order to describe their patterns of development / accumulation, their susceptibility to environmental constraints and provide some insights regarding their molecular determinism. Taking advantage of these functional information, the genomic regions impacting the key traits are being deciphered and used to develop new breeding tools and breeding strategies. In parallel, to maximize the probability to convert scientific results in local impacts, the different stakeholders of the value chains are being mobilized and territorial analyses aiming to assess the relevance of the different value chains are performed.
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- 2017
45. Genome wide association analysis of biomass yield and stem composition in a sorghum backcross nested association mapping design
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Thera, Korothimi, Teme, Niaba, Doumbia, Mohamed, Tekete, Mohamed, Vaksmann, Michel, Kouressy, Mamoutou, Sissoko, Aliou, Sanogo, Sekouba, Bouaré, Yaya, Sogoba, Issa, Maïga, A., Guitton, Baptiste, Rami, Jean-François, Coulibaly, Sidi Békaye, Bonnal, Laurent, Bastianelli, Denis, and Pot, David
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Although the main targets of sorghum breeding programmes remain grain yield and quality in order to ensure human (in Africa) and animal (in other parts of the world) nutri$on needs, the yield and quality of the vegeta$ve biomass has been gaining more and more aHen$on as its interests in animal nutri$on, bioenergy and biomaterial increase. In this context, there is a cri$cal need to deepen our understanding of these traits in order to op$mize the efficiency of the development of new varie$es. A Backcross Nested associa$on mapping (BCNAM) design was developed to maximize the mapping resolu$on of the genomic regions of interest and provide the sorghum community with relevant gene$c materials for breeding in the context of the Sudano-sahelian region. The specific aim of this study was to iden$fy the genomic regions controlling stem yield and its biochemical composi$on.
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- 2017
46. Genotypic covariations of traits underlying sorghum stem biomass production and quality and their regulations by water availability: Insight from studies at organ and tissue levels
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Luquet, Delphine, primary, Perrier, Lisa, additional, Clément‐Vidal, Anne, additional, Jaffuel, Sylvie, additional, Verdeil, Jean‐Luc, additional, Roques, Sandrine, additional, Soutiras, Armelle, additional, Baptiste, Christelle, additional, Fabre, Denis, additional, Bastianelli, Denis, additional, Bonnal, Laurent, additional, Sartre, Pascal, additional, Rouan, Lauriane, additional, and Pot, David, additional
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- 2018
- Full Text
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47. Classification d'échantillons de végétaux pâturés par les ovins en garrigue
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Bastianelli, Denis, Silué, Nahoulé, Baby, Elodie, Bonnal, Laurent, Hassoun, Philippe, Meuret, Michel, Jouven, Magali, Bastianelli, Denis, Silué, Nahoulé, Baby, Elodie, Bonnal, Laurent, Hassoun, Philippe, Meuret, Michel, and Jouven, Magali
- Abstract
Le régime alimentaire des animaux d'élevage qui se nourrissent dans les parcours méditerranéens de garrigue peut comprendre plus de 50 aliments (" plante prise ", PxP) par jour. Sa composition change en fonction des jours et des saisons. Ainsi, une évaluation classique de la valeur nutritive de l'alimentation avec un échantillonnage des fourrages disponibles suivi d'une analyse chimique serait trop difficile, et la grande masse de résultats produit ne serait pas exploitable de façon opérationnelle. Nous explorons une méthode alternative pour caractériser la diversité des aliments disponibles en regroupant les échantillons en classes nutritives fonctionnelles par une classification basée sur les spectres. La zone étudiée était une garrigue méditerranéenne (Corconne, Gard), pâturée par des ovins. En se basant sur le comportement alimentaire des moutons, des prélèvements de PxP ont été effectués sur 3 saisons (Mai 2015, Juin et Octobre 2016). Un total de 358 échantillons a été collecté, appartenant à 66 espèces végétales. Les échantillons ont été séchés à l'étuve (55°C) et broyés (1mm) avant la collecte des spectres proche infrarouge (NIR, 1100-2500 nm). Les spectres ont été prétraités (dérivée d'ordre 2 ; SNV et detrend) et les bandes correspondant à l'absorption de l'eau ont été éliminées pour éviter que le classement ne se fasse sur la base de l'humidité résiduelle des échantillons. Une classification hiérarchique des spectres NIRS a été effectuée, conduisant à la définition d'un nombre limité de classes. Certaines classes étaient relativement homogènes au plan botanique (par exemple essentiellement des espèces de graminées) alors que d'autres rassemblaient des plantes très diverses au plan botanique, mais ayant une valeur nutritionnelle et / ou des caractéristiques similaires, telles que la nature des organes (jeunes feuilles tendres, tiges lignifiées etc.) ou la présence de composés secondaires comme des huiles essentielles. Cette méthode pourrait permettre une me
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- 2017
48. Influence of the amount and position of cellulose in plant stems on the behavior of plant stem reinforced-polymer composites
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Chupin, Lucie, Vo, Thi To Loan, Di Giuseppe, Erika, Girones, Jordi, Jaffuel, Sylvie, Verdeil, Jean-Luc, Clément-Vidal, Anne, Soutiras, Armelle, Pot, David, Bastianelli, Denis, Bonnal, Laurent, Gineau, Emilie, MOUILLE, Grégory, Arnoult, Stéphanie, Brancourt-Hulmel, Maryse, Navard, Patrick, Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux (CEMEF), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PSL Research University (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Unité Expérimentale Grandes Cultures Innovation Environnement (UE GCIE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agrosystèmes et impacts environnementaux carbone-azote (Agro-Impact), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Unité Expérimentale Grandes Cultures Innovation Environnement - Picardie (GCIE), and Agroressources et Impacts environnementaux (AgroImpact)
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food and beverages ,Cellulose ,Polymer composite ,[SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials - Abstract
International audience; Polymer composites prepared with a polymer matrix reinforced by elongated, broken fragments of plant stems can in some cases favorably compete with the same composite reinforced by glass fibers. However, the mechanical properties of the final composite are directly related to the properties of the stem fragments. Cellulose is the main polymer controlling the mechanical strength of these fragments. Two plants will be studied, miscanthus and sorghum. We will show that amount of cellulose in the stem fragments depends on the preparation methods of these fragments. We will report the correlations which exists between the amount of cellulose and its location within the different tissues of the stem and the mechanical properties of the final composite product.
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- 2016
49. Correlations between genotype biochemical composition and histological structure and mechanical properties of sorghum-polyethylene composites
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Vo, Thi To Loan, Girones, Jordi, Beloli, Calypso, Chupin, Lucie, Jaffuel, Sylvie, Verdeil, Jean-Luc, Clément-Vidal, Anne, Soutiras, Armelle, Pot, David, Bastianelli, Denis, Bonnal, Laurent, Navard, Patrick, Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux (CEMEF), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PSL Research University (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Elevage des ruminants en régions chaudes (UMR ERRC), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
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food and beverages ,[SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials - Abstract
International audience; Composites prepared with whole sorghum stem fragments reinforcing a polyethylene matrix were studied using ten different sorghum genotypes. We first built of a robust protocol ensuring an accurate assessment of composite physical and mechanical properties. It shows that for a given sorghum genotype, the composition of the stem fragments is depending on the size of the fragments. This justifies the need to use a similar stem fragment size for comparing genotypes. During compounding and injection, fragments are broken, to an extend which depends on genotypes. This robust processing protocol shows that there are large differences in the final mechanical properties of the composites depending on the genotype. This is correlated with the histological structure and the biochemical composition of each genotype, showing correlations between the amount of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin present in the stem fragments with the mechanical properties of the composites, as well as the importance of the location of cellulose (sclerenchym fibers versus parenchym tissues and vessels). We will show the difficulties of working with small, well identified amounts of biological materials when dealing with composite-filler biochemical and structural characteristics which are heavily varying between on position to another along the plant stem. This work is the first step of a plant breeding process for identifying the best sorghum varieties to be used for preparing polymer composites.
- Published
- 2016
50. Caractériser la valeur nutritionnelle des aliments par des méthodes innovantes de mesure de la digestibilité pour une aviculture durable
- Author
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Vilariño, Maria, Métayer, Jean-Paul, Mahaut, Brigitte, Bouvarel, Isabelle, Lescoat, Philippe, Chartrin, Pascal, Fournis, Yann, Hogrel, Patrick, Bonnal, Laurent, Bastianelli, D., ARVALIS - Institut du végétal [Paris], Unité de Recherches Avicoles (URA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Pôle d'Expérimentation Avicole de Tours (UE PEAT), AgroParisTech, PROVIMI Firme Service, Systèmes d'élevage méditerranéens et tropicaux (UMR SELMET), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Recherches Avicoles (SRA), 0609 Unité Expérimentale Avicole, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)
- Subjects
alimentation ,digestibilité ,spectrométrie proche infrarouge ,near infrared spectroscopy ,digestibility ,precision farming ,chicken ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,feed ,élevage de précision ,poulet - Abstract
Le projet DigSPIR a permis d’avancer sur deux axes majeurs pour la filière avicole : la simplification méthodologique de la détermination de la digestibilité des aliments et la faisabilité du développement de ces mesures dans les élevages, cela en s’appuyant sur un outil de mesure simple et rapide comme la spectroscopie dans le proche infra-rouge (SPIR). Pour atteindre ces objectifs, une « base de données initiale » a été constituée à partir des échantillons de fientes et d’aliments provenant d’essais de digestibilité réalisés par les partenaires entre 1997 et 2011 et les données de digestibilité correspondantes. A partir de ces échantillons une base spectrale a été générée et les premières calibrations développées. Puis, cinq essais de digestibilité ont permis d’élargir la base spectrale (différents aliments, niveaux nutritionnels et âges, sexes mélangés, ajout d’enzymes …), d’améliorer les calibrations et d’aboutir à une méthode simplifiée. Ils ont également apporté des nouvelles connaissances sur les facteurs de variation de la digestibilité. Les prédictions des composants des fientes sont très bien corrélées avec les valeurs de référence, en particulier pour l’énergie brute, l’amidon ou l’azote total. En combinant l’information des spectres de l’aliment et des fientes, la prédiction de la digestibilité de l’énergie est largement améliorée (R² de 0,94 et 56 kcal/kg MS d’erreur, soit moins de 2 % de la valeur énergétique d’un aliment). L’étude de faisabilité réalisée en élevage de poulets de chair a montré une bonne cohérence des prédictions en comparaison avec les résultats en station expérimentale, ce qui encourage à suivre cette voie et enrichir la base de calibration avec des données issues du terrain., The project entitled “DigSPIR” made it possible to progress on two main lines of research for the poultry industry: the methodological simplification of the assessment of feed digestibility and the feasibility of developing these measures in farms, with the use of a simple and fast tool as the near infrared spectroscopy. To reach these objectives, an “initial database” was designed from the analytical results on excreta and feed samples, and the digestibility values, obtained from previous experiments made by the partners from 1997 to 2011. The spectra allowed to create a new database and to get the first calibrations of prediction. Five trials with digestibility measures enabled to enlarge the spectral database (different feeds, nutritional levels and ages, both sex, adding enzymes …), to improve the calibrations and to result in a simplified method. These trials led also to new knowledge about variation factors of digestibility. The predictions of the composition of excreta were well correlated with the analytical reference values and especially for gross energy, starch and nitrogen. In combining the spectral information of feed and of excreta, the prediction of the energy digestibility is widely improved (R²=0.94 and error of 56 kcal/kg DM, or less than 2 % of feed energetic value). The study of feasibility made in poultry farms, showed a good consistency between predictions and in vivo results. These results encourage to follow this track and to enlarge the calibration database with measures in farms.
- Published
- 2016
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