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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death, with more than 16 million of deaths per year. The World Health Organization (WHO) proposed a global plan for the prevention and control of Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs) where is stated that actions for the risk mitigation for CVDs should begin with a full cardiovascular risk assessment during routine medical practice. Two main obstacles exist to this end; first there is no easy to use, universally accepted “gold-standard” indicator of arterial injury and cardiac disfunction; secondly, there is the need for the distribution of easy-to-use, cost-effective devices that allow for the monitoring of such indicators. One of the known indicators, the carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), was proposed as the “gold-standard” measurement for arterial stiffness in the guidelines for management of arterial hypertension in 2007. Non-invasive sensors, such as photoplethysmography (PPG), planar tonometry or sphygmomanometer-cuff devices, can be used to this end. Within this framework, NMT, S.A. developed a noninvasive device for the monitoring and assessment of cardiovascular health. The VasoCheck® device comprises a suite of 4 wireless PPG sensors that allow for the recording and real time monitoring of the blood pulse waveform. The experience gathered during tests, validations, and measurement campaigns; the user feedback; the need to address a hardware obsolescence and to take the next steps for medical device certification and industrialization, along with the introduction of additional features, led to this project. For improving the device, the best practices for system development, requirements for verification, validation and certification of medical devices were reviewed., As well as the state-of-the art in the cardiac and blood pulse recording technology. The main aims of the work started by baselining the device at hardware, firmware, and architecture levels, (i.e., PPG sensors, communication modules, power supply, and ancillaries). Device limitations were investigated, and a development path was set. Existing units were subject to incremental improvements resulting in increased resilience. The integration of new sensor types was evaluated, specifically MEMS type microphones. A critical design review (CDR) was made., Several modules were redesigned and documented in a design-for-production paradigm, with increase roughness and to facilitate factory level assembly, serviceability, and recycling. A new architecture was developed to accommodate for multiple sensor types and to allow integration with future cloud-based health diagnostic support tools. Protocols for testing, calibration, maintenance were created. Ready-to-manufacture deliverables were complied. Finally, the necessary steps for medical device certification were identified and the process was started when it became possible. As doenças cardiovasculares (CVD) são uma das principais causas de mortes a nível global, com mais de 16 milhões de mortes por ano. A organização mundial da saúde (OMS) propôs um plano global para a prevenção e controlo de Doenças Não Transmissíveis (NCDs) onde se afirma que as ações para a mitigação dos riscos para as CVD devem começar com uma avaliação completa dos riscos cardiovasculares durante a prática médica de rotina. Existem dois grandes obstáculos para este fim; em primeiro lugar, não existe um indicador "gold-standard" de utilização simples e universalmente aceite para lesões arteriais e disfunção cardíaca; em segundo lugar, a necessidade de distribuição de dispositivos fáceis de usar, eficazes e de custo reduzido que permitam a monitorização desses indicadores. Um possível indicador é a velocidade da onda de pulso carótida-femoral (cfPWV). Este foi proposto, em 2007, como o indicador de referência para rigidez arterial nas orientações para a gestão da hipertensão arterial. Sensores não invasivos, como a fotopletismografia (PPG), a tonometria planar ou os dispositivos do tipo esfigmomanómetro, podem ser utilizados para este fim. Neste âmbito, a NMT, S.A. desenvolveu um dispositivo não invasivo para a monitorização e avaliação da saúde cardiovascular. O dispositivo VasoCheck® compreende um conjunto de 4 sensores PPG sem fios que permitem a gravação e monitorização em tempo real da forma de onda de pulso cardíaco. A experiência adquirida durante testes clínicos de validação e medição; feedback dos técnicos; a necessidade de abordar a obsolescência do hardware e de dar os próximos passos para a certificação e industrialização do dispositivo médico, juntamente com o desejo da introdução de funcionalidades adicionais no dispositivo, levou á criação deste projeto. Com este fim foram revistas as melhores práticas de desenvolvimento de produto, requisitos para a verificação, validação e certificação de dispositivos médicos, bem como o estado da arte na tecnologia de gravação da onda de pulso cardíaca. O projeto iniciou-se com a caracterização do funcionamento do dispositivo em condições nominais, a nível de hardware, firmware e arquitetura (isto é, sensores PPG, módulos de comunicação e fonte de alimentação). As limitações do dispositivo foram identificadas, e foi traçado um plano para o desenvolvimento do dispositivo. As unidades existentes foram sujeitas a melhoramentos incrementais que resultaram num aumento significativo da fiabilidade dessas unidades. Foi estudada a integração de novos tipos de sensores, nomeadamente microfones eletrónicos. Foi feita uma revisão crítica do produto (CDR), vários módulos foram redesenhados e documentados num paradigma de desenho para produção, para maior robustez do produto e incorporando soluções para facilitar a montagem, manutenção e reciclagem. Uma nova arquitetura foi desenvolvida para acomodar vários tipos de sensores e permitir a integração com futuras ferramentas de suporte de diagnóstico de saúde baseadas em serviços na nuvem. Foram criados protocolos para testes, calibração, manutenção. Finalmente, foram identificadas as medidas necessárias para a certificação do dispositivo médico e este processo foi avançado tanto quanto possível.

In the abyssal equatorial Pacific Ocean, most of the seafloor of the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCFZ), a 6 million km2 polymetallic nodule province, has been preempted for future mining. In light of the large environmental footprint that mining would leave and given the diversity and the vulnerability of the abyssal fauna, the International Seabed Authority has implemented a regional management plan that includes the creation of nine Areas of Particular Environmental Interest (APEIs) located at the periphery of the CCFZ. The scientific principles for the design of the APEIs were based on the best – albeit very limited – knowledge of the area. The fauna and habitats in the APEIs are unknown, as are species' ranges and the extent of biodiversity across the CCFZ. As part of the Joint Programming Initiative Healthy and Productive Seas and Oceans (JPI Oceans) pilot action “Ecological aspects of deep-sea mining”, the SO239 cruise provided data to improve species inventories, determine species ranges, identify the drivers of beta diversity patterns and assess the representativeness of an APEI. Four exploration contract areas and an APEI (APEI no. 3) were sampled along a gradient of sea surface primary productivity that spanned a distance of 1440 km in the eastern CCFZ. Between three and eight quantitative box cores (0.25 m2; 0–10 cm) were sampled in each study area, resulting in a large collection of polychaetes that were morphologically and molecularly (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and 16S genes) analyzed. A total of 275 polychaete morphospecies were identified. Only one morphospecies was shared among all five study areas and 49 % were singletons. The patterns in community structure and composition were mainly attributed to variations in organic carbon fluxes to the seafloor at the regional scale and nodule density at the local scale, thus supporting the main assumptions underlying the design of the APEIs. However, the APEI no. 3, which is located in an oligotrophic province and separated from the CCFZ by the Clarion Fracture Zone, showed the lowest densities, lowest diversity, and a very low and distant independent similarity in community composition compared to the contract areas, thus questioning the representativeness and the appropriateness of APEI no. 3 to meet its purpose of diversity preservation. Among the four exploration contracts, which belong to a mesotrophic province, the distance decay of similarity provided a species turnover of 0.04 species km−1, an average species range of 25 km and an extrapolated richness of up to 240 000 polychaete species in the CCFZ. By contrast, nonparametric estimators of diversity predict a regional richness of up to 498 species. Both estimates are biased by the high frequency of singletons in the dataset, which likely result from under-sampling and merely reflect our level of uncertainty. The assessment of potential risks and scales of biodiversity loss due to nodule mining thus requires an appropriate inventory of species richness in the CCFZ.

Family Trichobranchidae Malmgren, 1866 Figs 1A, 7���8 Diagnosis (after Hutchings et al. 2021a, most important diagnostic characters highlighted in bold) Transverse prostomium attached to dorsal surface of upper lip; basal part as thick crest, eyespots sometimes present; distal part at base of upper lip or extending along lip. Buccal tentacles of two types, uniformly cylindrical and expanded at tips, spatulate. Peristomium forming lips, sometimes also a ventral lobe, as an extension of the lower lip; lips expanded, circular upper lip, distal margin folded or convoluted; lower lip button-like, usually continuing by ventral lobe, or expanded, forming large scoop-shaped process (Figs 7A���C, 8A, C���D). Segment I usually short, frequently only visible ventrally; anterior margin of anterior segments with lobes as low, even-length collars covering posterior margins of preceding segments, at least ventrally; ventro-lateral or lateral lobes on anterior segments sometimes present. Anterior segments poorly glandular ventrally, smooth, discrete shields absent; midventral groove extending from posterior segments with notopodia. Two to four pairs of branchiae, beginning from SGII, each pair with single, thick and elongate, tapered or foliaceous filament, or two pairs fused in single four lobed structure originating mid-dorsally between SGII���III or II���IV (Figs 7C, 8C���D). Notopodia beginning from SGIII���VI, typically terminating at SGXX; short, conical notopodia, chaetae emerging from central core on top, distal lobes absent; narrowly-winged notochaetae in both rows throughout. Neuropodia beginning on same segment as notopodia or slightly posteriorly, rarely beginning before notopodia; sessile neuropodia until termination of notopodia, neurochaetae emerging directly from body wall, as rectangular to foliaceous pinnules after termination of notopodia; thoracic neurochaetae as acicular uncini (Figs 1A, 7D, 8F), sometimes with small hood or beard below main fang; avicular abdominal uncini, with secondary teeth in rows on top and laterally to main fang. Nephridial papillae on SGIII usually present, other papillae sometimes present on SGVI and SGVII, but reduced to inconspicuous in most taxa. Pygidium smooth to slightly crenulate, sometimes bilobed. Remarks In the past, the Trichobranchidae family was considered to be a subfamily of Terebellidae (Fauvel 1927; Day 1967; Garrafoni & Lana 2004), but recent phylogenetic analyses support the hypothesis of a valid family (Glasby et al. 2004; Nogueira et al. 2013). The family includes only three genera, i.e., Octobranchus Marion & Bobretzky, 1875, Terebellides Sars, 1835, and Trichobranchus Malmgren, 1866. For Trichobranchus and Octobranchus, only three species of each occur in Europe. The genus Terebellides is very speciose and is represented in Europe by 19 species, 13 of them described in the last two years (Lavesque et al. 2019b; Parapar et al. 2020a) (Table 1). Main morphological characters for European species The number of branchiae is the best character to discriminate the different genera, with Terebellides having a single large branchia, Trichobranchus with two or three pairs of branchiae and finally Octobranchus with four pairs. Trichobranchus species are easy to differentiate based on the number of branchiae (two vs three) (Figs 7C, 8C) and the absence or presence of eyespots. In Octobranchus, the species differ by the shape of the branchiae (Fig. 8D) and the number of secondary teeth above the main fang of the uncini. Regarding Terebellides species, recent studies highlighted that several characters are very important for identification to the species level (Lavesque et al. 2019a; Parapar et al. 2020a, 2020b). However, as many cryptic species occur at a small geographical scale (Nygren et al. 2018), which currently are confirmed only by molecular analyses (Parapar et al. 2020a) much more work needs to be done to resolve all the species present. BRANCHIAE. Even if Terebellides branchiae seem to be very similar within the genus (Figs 7A���B, 8A���B), several morphological characters permit the discrimination of species, such as the presence of a fifth anterior branchial lobe (e.g., T. europaea), the degree of fusion of both upper and lower lobes (e.g.. not fused on T. ceneresi), the presence of long terminal filaments (e.g., in T. shetlandica) or short posterior processes (Fig. 7B), and finally the presence and the shape of papillae situated on the margins of the branchial lamellae (Fig. 8B) (e.g., T. lilasae). NOTOCHAETAE FROM FIRST CHAETIGER. The size of notochaetae of the first chaetiger varies between species. For most of the species, these chaetae are of a similar size compared to those of the following chaetigers. However, they can be absent or much shorter (e.g., T. ceneresi) or much longer (e.g., T. mediterranea). PRESENCE OF GENICULATE CHAETAE ON ONE OR TWO CHAETIGERS. The geniculate chaetae are exclusive to members of Terebellides and they are typically present on CH 6 (SG VIII) only (Fig. 8E), but in some species they are present on two chaetigers, as for example in T. bigeniculatus. UNCINI DENTICULATION. The different types of uncini follow the classifications provided by Parapar et al. (2020b) for thoracic uncini (Fig. 8F) and Parapar et al. (2020a) for abdominal uncini. These classifications are based on the ratio between the length of the main fang (rostrum) and the crest of secondary teeth (capitium), and the size and number of the secondary teeth. THORACIC CILIATED PAPILLAE. Following the recent study of Parapar et al. (2020a), the absence or the presence of thoracic ciliated papillae allow for the discrimination of Terebellides species. These papillae are situated dorsally to the thoracic notopodia (see for example Parapar et al. 2020a; Fig. 7B). METHYL GREEN PATTERN. The colouration of Terebellides specimens prior to identification is essential. Indeed, MG staining highlights the presence and the shape of the glandular region of the third thoracic chaetiger (e.g., undulating glandular region present and in members of T. gentili, oval for T. lilasae Fig. 7B) and the compact/striped pattern of the ventral part of anterior chaetigers (e.g., CH 4 (SG VI) white in T. ceneresi). Key to European species of Trichobranchidae (after Lavesque et al. 2019a and Parapar et al. 2020a) 1. One large branchia consisting of a stem and four lobes with transverse lamellae.....5 (Terebellides) ��� Two or three pairs of branchiae........................................................................... 2 (Trichobranchus) ��� Four pairs of branchiae........................................................................................... 4 (Octobranchus) 2. Two pairs of branchiae...................................................................................................................... 3 ��� Three pairs of branchiae, eyespots present................................................................................................................................................................................. Trichobranchus glacialis Malmgren, 1866 3. Eyespots absent......................................................................... Trichobranchus roseus Malm, 1874 ��� Eyespots present.................................................................................................................................... Trichobranchus demontaudouini Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren & Londo��o-Mesa, 2019 4. Pairs of branchiae of different shapes; abdominal uncini with three rows of secondary teeth above the main fang..................................................... Octobranchus floriceps Kingston & Mackie, 1980 ��� All pairs of branchiae similar; abdominal uncini with two rows of secondary teeth above the main fang..................................................................................... Octobranchus lingulatus (Grube, 1863) ��� Bases of branchiae covered by dorso-lateral lobes, abdominal uncini with two rows of secondary teeth above the main fang.............................. Octobranchus sikorskii (Leontovich & Jirkov. 2001) 5. Geniculate acicular chaetae on CH 5 (SG VII) and CH 6 (SG VIII)............................................................................................................. Terebellides bigeniculatus Parapar, Moreira & Helgason, 2011 ��� Geniculate acicular chaetae on CH 6 (SG VI) only........................................................................... 6 6. Branchial lamellae without marginal papillae.................................................................................. 7 ��� Branchial lamellae with marginal papillae..................................................................................... 15 7. Lower branchial lobes with long filaments....................................................................................... 8 ��� Lower branchial lobes with or without short projections................................................................. 9 8. Glandular region on CH 3 (SG V) present; branchial lamellae pointed; notochaetae from CH 1 longer than following ones; dorsal papillae absent............................................................................................................... Terebellides parapari Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren & Londo��o-Mesa, 2019 ��� Glandular region on CH 3 (SG V) absent; branchial lamellae rounded; all notochaetae equal-sized; dorsal papillae present........................ Terebellides shetlandica Parapar, Moreira & O���Reilly, 2016 9. Ventral white band present on CH 4 (SG VI) after MG staining..................................................... 10 ��� No distinct pattern on CH 4 (SG VI) after MG staining...................................................................11 10. Large species (> 30 mm); 5 th branchial lobe present; notochaetae of CH 1 (SG III) similar to following ones; main fang of thoracic uncini straight.................................... Terebellides gracilis Malm, 1874 ��� Small species (Terebellides ceneresi Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren & Londo��o-Mesa, 2019 11. First notopodia and notochaetae longer than following ones............................................................................................................................... Terebellides mediterranea Parapar, Mikac & Fiege, 2013 ��� First notopodia and notochaetae similar or shorter than following ones........................................ 12 12. Large-sized species (> 50 mm); dorsal rounded projections on CH 1��� CH 5 conspicuous............... 13 ��� Small-sized species (Terebellides kongsrudi Parapar, Capa, Nygren & Moreira, 2020 and Terebellides bakkeni Parapar, Capa, Nygren & Moreira, 2020 complex ��� Abdominal uncini of type 2 (capitium of about same length as main fang, capitium complex composed of a first row of 4(5) denticles and a variable number of teeth in two more rows)..................................................................................................................... Terebellides stroemii Sars, 1835 14. Glandular region on CH 3 (SG V) and 5 th branchial lobe both absent................................................................................................................................................... Terebellides atlantis Williams, 1984 ��� Glandular region on CH 3 (SG V) and 5 th branchial lobe both present............................................................................ Terebellides gralli Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren & Londo��o-Mesa, 2019 15. Glandular region on CH 3 (SG V) rounded or oval......................................................................... 16 ��� Glandular region on CH 3 (SG V) otherwise.................................................................................. 17 16. Glandular region on CH 3 (SG V) staining in white, branchial lamellae with rounded papillae, CH 1��� 3 without conspicuous dorsal projection....................................................................................................................... Terebellides lilasae Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren & Londo��o-Mesa, 2019 ��� Glandular region on CH 3 (SG V) staining in blue, branchial lamellae with conical papillae, CH 1���3 with conspicuous dorsal projection................................................................................................................................ Terebellides bonifi Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren & Londo��o-Mesa, 2019 17. Most branchial lamellae with marginal papillae............................................................................. 18 ��� Only anterior branchial lamellae with marginal papillae................................................................ 19 18. Branchial lamellae with digitiform papillae, upper lip elongated; MG staining pattern as compact bands from CH 1���5.................................................................................................................................................... Terebellides resomari Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren & Londo��o-Mesa, 2019 ��� Branchial lamellae with widely spaced, small and elongated digitiform papillae; MG staining pattern leaving white stripes from CH 1���5................................................................................................................................ Terebellides gentili Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren & Londo��o-Mesa, 2019 19. Thoracic uncini type 1 (main fang vs capitium length ratio 2(3)/1; capitium with 2(3) large teeth, following ones much smaller).................................................................................................................................................................. Terebellides ronningae Parapar, Capa, Nygren & Moreira, 2020 ��� Thoracic uncini type 3 (main fang vs. capitium length ratio 1/1; capitium with 4(5) mid-sized teeth, following ones slightly smaller)..................................................................................................... 20 20. Deep-water species, mostly found below 200 m deep.............................................................................................................................. Terebellides norvegica Parapar, Capa, Nygren & Moreira, 2020 ��� Shallow-water species, mostly found above 100 m deep.................................................................................. Terebellides europaea Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren & Londo��o-Mesa, 2019 and Terebellides scotica Parapar, Capa, Nygren & Moreira, 2020 complex, Published as part of Lavesque, Nicolas, Hutchings, Pat, Londo��o-Mesa, Mario H., Nogueira, Jo��o M. M., Daffe, Guillemine, Nygren, Arne, Blanchet, Hugues, Bonif��cio, Paulo, Broudin, Caroline, Dauvin, Jean-Claude, Droual, Gabin, Gouillieux, Benoit, Grall, Jacques, Guyonnet, Benjamin, Houbin, C��line, Humbert, Suzie, Janson, Anne-Laure, Jourde, J��r��me, Labrune, C��line, Lamarque, Bastien, Latry, Lise, Garrec, Vincent Le, Pelaprat, Corine, Pezy, Jean-Philippe, Sauriau, Pierre-Guy & Montaudouin, Xavier De, 2021, The " Spaghetti Project ": the final identification guide to European Terebellidae (sensu lato) (Annelida, Terebelliformia), pp. 108-156 in European Journal of Taxonomy 782 (1) on pages 136-141, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.782.1593, http://zenodo.org/record/5781605, {"references":["Malmgren A. J. 1866. Nordiska Hafs-Annulater. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar 22: 355 - 410. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / part / 244483 [accessed 8 Nov. 2021].","Hutchings P., Nogueira J. M. N. & Carrerette O. 2021 a. Terebellidae Johnston, 1846. In: Schmidt- Rhaesa A. Hr., Beutel R. G., Glaubrecht M., Kristensen N. P., Prendini L., Purschke G., Richter S., Westheide, W. & Leschen R. Z. E. (eds) Handbook of Zoology. A Natural History of the Phyla of the Animal Kingdom: 1 - 64. Walter de Gruyter & Co, Berlin.","Fauvel P. 1927. Polychetes Sedentaires. Addenda aux Errantes, Archiannelides, Myzostomaires. Faune de France 16, Lechevalier, Paris.","Day J. H. 1967. A Monograph on the Polychaeta of Southern Africa. Part 2. Sedentaria. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8596","Glasby C. J., Hutchings P. & Hall K. 2004. Assessment of monophyly and taxon affinities within the polychaete clade Terebelliformia (Terebellida). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 84: 961 - 971. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315404010252 h","Nogueira J. M. M., Fitzhugh K. & Hutchings P. 2013. The continuing challenge of phylogenetic relationships in Terebelliformia (Annelida: Polychaeta). Invertebrate Systematics 27: 186 - 238. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 12062.","Marion A. F. & Bobretzky N. V. 1875. Etude des Annelides du Golfe de Marseille. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Sixieme Serie 2: 1 - 106. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 33155516 [accessed 8 Nov. 2021].","Sars M. 1835. Beskrivelser og Iagttagelser over nogle maerkelige eller nye i Havet ved den Bergenske Kyst Levende Dyr af Polypernes, Acalephernes, Radiaternes, Annelidernes og Molluskernes classer, med en kort Oversigt over de hidtil af Forfatteren sammesteds fundne Arter og deres Forekommen. T. Hallager, Bergen. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13017","Lavesque N., Daffe G., Grall J., Zanol J., Gouillieux B., Hutchings P. 2019 b. Guess who? On the importance of using appropriate name: case study of Marphysa sanguinea (Montagu, 1813). ZooKeys 859: 1 - 15. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 859.34117","Parapar J., Capa M., Nygren A. & Moreira J. 2020 a. To name but a few: descriptions of five new species of Terebellides (Annelida, Trichobranchidae) from the North East Atlantic. ZooKeys 992: 1 - 58. https: // doi: 10.3897 / zookeys. 992.55977","Lavesque N., Hutchings P., Daffe G., Nygren A. & Londono-Mesa M. H. 2019 a. A revision of the French Trichobranchidae (Polychaeta), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 4664 (2): 151 - 190. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4664.2.1","Parapar J., Martin D. & Moreira J. 2020 b. On the diversity of Terebellides (Annelida, Trichobranchidae) in West Africa, seven new species and the redescription of T. africana Augener, 1918 stat. prom. Zootaxa 4771 (1): 1 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4771.1.1.","Nygren A., Parapar J., Pons J., Meissner K., Bakken T., Kongsrud J. A., Oug E., Gaev D., Sikorski A., Johansen R. A., Hutchings P., Lavesque N. & Capa M. 2018. A megacryptic species complex hidden among one of the most common annelids in the North East Atlantic. PLoS One 13 (6): e 0198356. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0198356","Grube A. E. 1863. Beschreibung neuer oder wenig bekannter Anneliden. Sechster Beitrag. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 29: 37 - 69. Available from https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 9306 [accessed 8 Nov. 2021].","Malm A. W. 1874. Annulata i hafvet utmed Sveriges westkust och omkring Goteborg. Goteborgs Koniglich vetenskaps - och vitterhetssamhalles handlingar [Zoologiska observationer. VII.] 14: 67 - 105.","Kingston P. F. & Mackie A. S. Y. 1980. Octobranchus floriceps sp. nov. (Polychaeta: Trichobranchidae) from the northern North Sea with a re-examination of O. antarcticus Monro. Sarsia 65: 249 - 254. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00364827.1980.10431487","Parapar J., Moreira J. & Helgason G. V. 2011. Taxonomy and distribution of Terebellides (Polychaeta, Trichobranchidae) in Icelandic waters, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 2983 (1): 1 - 20. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2983.1.1","Parapar J., Moreira J. & O'Reilly M. 2016. A new species of Terebellides (Polychaeta: Trichobranchidae) from Scottish waters with an insight into branchial morphology. Marine Biodiversity 46 (3): 211 - 225. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 015 - 0353 - 5","Parapar J., Mikac B. & Fiege D. 2013. Diversity of the genus Terebellides (Polychaeta: Trichobranchidae) in the Adriatic Sea with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3691 (3): 333 - 350. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3691.3.3","Williams S. J. 1984. The status of Terebellides stroemi (Polychaeta; Trichobranchidae) as a cosmopolitan species, based on a worldwide morphological survey, including description of new species. In: Hutchings P. A. (ed.) Proceedings of the First International Polychaete Conference, Sydney, Australia, 1984: 118 - 142. The Linnean Society of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia."]}

Family Polycirridae Malmgren, 1866 Figs 1B, 2 Diagnosis (after Hutchings et al. 2021a; most important diagnostic characters highlighted in bold) Transverse prostomium attached to dorsal surface of upper lip; basal part usually as thick horse-shoe shaped crest, eye spots absent; distal part either as another thick crest, with flaring distal lobes, with or without mid-dorsal process, or extending along upper lip until near anterior margin of lip; prostomium frequently extending ventrally, terminating laterally to mouth (Fig. 2A���D). Buccal tentacles of two types at least, short ones thin, uniformly cylindrical, long tentacles stouter, expanded at tips to variable degrees, distally spatulate (Fig. 2B, D) or more specialised. Peristomium forming lips; lips expanded, upper lip large, frequently circular and convoluted, folded into three lobes; swollen lower lip, only midventral or cushion-like across ventrum, sometimes extending posteriorly for a few segments (Fig. 2A��� D). Segment I reduced, frequently only visible ventrally, sometimes completely hidden. Segment II distinctly narrower than following segments, constricting body posteriorly to ���lips head���; SG II usually with rectangular or pentagonal mid-ventral shield at beginning of mid-ventral groove, sometimes extending anteriorly through SG I until near posterior margin of lower lip (Fig. 2C). Anterior segments highly glandular ventrally, frequently papillose or tessellated, with paired ventro-lateral pads separated from each other within pairs by mid-ventral groove extending from SG II���IV to posterior body (Fig. 2A���D). Branchiae absent. Notopodia, if present, from SG III (Fig. 2A���D), extending for variable number of segments, usually few; bilobed, elongate notopodia, post-chaetal lobes sometimes longer, notochaetae originating between lobes along all extension of notopodia, separating lobes from base on ventral side of notopodia (Fig. 2A���D); notochaetae winged (Fig. 2E) and/or pinnate, wings of variable width. Neuropodia, if present, located posteriorly to notopodia, frequently from posterior thoracic segments or only on abdomen; neurochaetae as acicular spines or avicular uncini, of two types, and arranged in a single row (Figs 1C, 2F���G). Nephridial and genital papillae usually present, at anterior bases of all notopodia, or only at anteriormost notopodia (Fig. 2A). Pygidium smooth or with rounded ventral papilla. Remarks This family was previously considered as a subfamily of Terebellidae (Polycirrinae Malmgren, 1866), but was recently raised to familial level after a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis showed the monophyly of this group (Nogueira et al. 2013). Polycirridae is represented by six genera (Amaeana Hartman, 1959; Biremis Polloni, Rowe & Teal, 1973; Enoplobranchus Verrill, 1879; Hauchiella Levinsen, 1893; Lysilla Malmgren, 1866 and Polycirrus Grube, 1850), distinguished from each other by the presence/ absence of noto- and neuropodia, and if present, the type of neurochaetae. Only Amaeana (Fig. 2A, C), Hauchiella, Lysilla and Polycirrus (Fig. 2B, D���G) are represented in European waters (Lavesque et al. 2020b) (Table 1). Main morphological characters of European species PARAPODIA. The parapodia of the members of this family are extremely important to separate the different genera. The genus Hauchiella is characterised by the absence of parapodia and Lysilla by the absence of neuropodia only. The neuropodia of members of Amaeana are characterised by the presence of spines, while those of Polycirrus bear avicular uncini (Figs 1B, 2F���G). Within the genus Polycirrus, the number and location of segments with notopodia and/or neuropodia are of important taxonomic value. Particularly, some species have uncini present only on abdominal segments, i.e., on segments without notopodia, and others have uncini starting before the end of the thorax, on segments bearing also notopodia. SHAPE OF THE LIPS. As for other terebellids, polycirrids have a peristomium with well-defined upper and lower lips. The upper lip is large and can be trilobed (Fig. 2B) or with a single medial lobe (Fig. 2D). Generally, the upper lip is trilobed but the lobes differ in size and shape and lateral lobes can be reduced or well developed. The shape and the size of the lower lip is also highly variable between species. This lip can be rectangular, squared, rounded or subtriangular, swollen or not, longer than wide or wider than long (Fig. 2B���D). . NOTOCHAETAE. Two types of notochaetae can be present: winged chaetae as for P. glasbyi (Fig. 2E) and/ or pinnate as for P. plumosus. The winged notochaetae have wings of different width which are often conspicuous under light microscope but appear hirsute under SEM (Fig. 2E). UNCINI SHAPE AND DENTICULATION. In Polycirrus two types of uncini are present: Type 1 with a short occipitum (back) and a straight to slightly convex base (Fig. 1B); and Type 2 with a long occipitum and a concave base (Glasby & Hutchings 2014). To date, all described European species have Type 1 uncini. The denticulation of uncini is also helpful in separating species, with the presence (as for P. catalanensis) (Fig. 2F) or the absence (as for P. arenivorus) of a main tooth above the main fang, and the number of rows of secondary teeth. Key to European species of Polycirridae (after Lavesque et al. 2020b) 1. Parapodia absent (no chaetae)............................................. Hauchiella tribullata (McIntosh, 1869) ��� Parapodia present.............................................................................................................................. 2 2. Only notopodia present....................................................................................................... 3 (Lysilla) ��� Notopodia and neuropodia present................................................................................................... 4 3. Notochaetae with smooth tips, 6 pairs of thoracic papillae............... Lysilla loveni Malmgren, 1866 ��� Notochaetae with plumose tips, 9 pairs of thoracic papillae............ Lysilla nivea Langerhans, 1884 4. Neuropodia with spines..................................................................................................5 (Amaeana) ��� Neuropodia with avicular uncini..................................................................................6 (Polycirrus) 5. Upper lip without lobe, lower lip rounded, long achaetous region.......................................................................................................... A. gremarei Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe & Londo��o-Mesa, 2020 ��� Upper lip with trilobed, lower lip rectangular, short achaetous region......................................................................................................................................................... Amaeana trilobata (Sars, 1863) 6. With 28 or more segments with notochaetae.................................................................................... 7 ��� With 22 or fewer segments with notochaetae................................................................................... 8 7. With 29 segments with notopodia, neuropodia from SG XII, lower lip longer than wide, uncini without a main tooth above the main fang........................... Polycirrus arenivorus (Caullery, 1915) ��� With 46 segments with notopodia, neuropodia from SG XIV, lower lip longer than wide, uncini with a main tooth above the main fang............................................. Polycirrus aurantiacus Grube, 1860 ��� With 28 segments with notopodia, neuropodia from SG XV, lower lip wider than long, uncini with a main tooth above the main fang........................................................................................................................................... Polycirrus gujanensis Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe & Londo��o-Mesa, 2020 8. Neuropodia beginning before SG VIII............................................................................................. 9 ��� Neuropodia beginning between SG IX and SG XII....................................................................... 10 ��� Neuropodia beginning after SG XIII.............................................................................................. 14 9. Upper lip trilobed, lower lip wider than long, uncini with 2 rows of teeth above the main tooth.......................................................................................... Polycirrus asturiensis Cepeda & Lattig, 2016 ��� Upper lip with single medial lobe, lower lip longer than wide, uncini with 1 row of teeth above the main tooth........................... Polycirrus idex Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe & Londo��o-Mesa, 2020b 10. Uncini without a main tooth about the main fang.............. Polycirrus norvegicus Wollebaek, 1912 ��� Uncini with a main tooth about the main fang................................................................................11 11. Lower lip subtriangular, pointed towards mouth............................................................................ 12 ��� Lower lip oval or oblong................................................................................................................ 13 12. With 12 or 13 segments with notopodia, lower lip longer than wide......................................................................................................................................... Polycirrus denticulatus Saint-Joseph, 1894 ��� With 16 segments with notopodia, lower lip wider than long........................................................................................................................................................... Polycirrus elisabethae McIntosh, 1915 13. With 18 or more segments with notopodia, lower lip oval, ventro-lateral pads not separated by a large mid-ventral groove............................................................................................................................................................... Polycirrus glasbyi Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe & Londo��o-Mesa, 2020 ��� Fewer than 18 segments with notopodia, lower lip oblong, ventro-lateral pads separated by a large midventral groove................ Polycirrus readi Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe & Londo��o-Mesa, 2020 14. With 16 or more segments with notopodia..................................................................................... 15 ��� Fewer than 16 segments with notopodia........................................................................................ 17 15. Neuropodia beginning from SG XIV���XVI.................................................................................... 16 ��� Neuropodia beginning from SG XVIII���XX....................... Polycirrus plumosus (Wollebaek, 1912) 16. Upper lip elongated, uncini with a main tooth above the main fang, ventro-lateral pads well developed..................... Polycirrus nogueirai Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe & Londo��o-Mesa, 2020 ��� Upper lip semicircular, uncini without a main tooth above the main fang, ventro-lateral pads poorly defined................................................................................................ Polycirrus arcticus Sars, 1865 17. Neuropodia beginning from SG XIV, uncini with four teeth above the main fang arranged in single vertical series; lower lip large, shield-like, wider than long......... Polycirrus latidens Eliason, 1962 ��� Neuropodia beginning from SG XV or after, secondary teeth of uncini not as above................... 18 18. Upper lip trilobed, lower lip subtriangular pointed toward mouth............................................................................................................................................................... Polycirrus medusa Grube, 1850 ��� Upper lip with a single median lobe, lower lip not subtriangular.................................................. 19 19. Upper lip with thick medial lobe, uncini with two small lateral teeth above the main tooth, lower lip rectangular longer than wide................................................................................................................................................ Polycirrus catalanensis Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe & Londo��o-Mesa, 2020 ��� Upper lip with elongated triangular medial lobe, uncini with two rows of teeth above the main tooth, lower lip oval and wider than long.................................................................................................................................................... P. pennarbedae Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe & Londo��o-Mesa, 2020, Published as part of Lavesque, Nicolas, Hutchings, Pat, Londo��o-Mesa, Mario H., Nogueira, Jo��o M. M., Daffe, Guillemine, Nygren, Arne, Blanchet, Hugues, Bonif��cio, Paulo, Broudin, Caroline, Dauvin, Jean-Claude, Droual, Gabin, Gouillieux, Benoit, Grall, Jacques, Guyonnet, Benjamin, Houbin, C��line, Humbert, Suzie, Janson, Anne-Laure, Jourde, J��r��me, Labrune, C��line, Lamarque, Bastien, Latry, Lise, Garrec, Vincent Le, Pelaprat, Corine, Pezy, Jean-Philippe, Sauriau, Pierre-Guy & Montaudouin, Xavier De, 2021, The " Spaghetti Project ": the final identification guide to European Terebellidae (sensu lato) (Annelida, Terebelliformia), pp. 108-156 in European Journal of Taxonomy 782 (1) on pages 112-123, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.782.1593, http://zenodo.org/record/5781605, {"references":["Malmgren A. J. 1866. Nordiska Hafs-Annulater. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar 22: 355 - 410. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / part / 244483 [accessed 8 Nov. 2021].","Hutchings P., Nogueira J. M. N. & Carrerette O. 2021 a. Terebellidae Johnston, 1846. 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Revision of the taxonomy of Polycirrus Grube, 1850 (Annelida: Terebellida: Polycirridae). Zootaxa 3877 (1): 1 - 117. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3877.1.1"]}

The polymetallic nodules lying on the seafloor of the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCFZ) represent over 30 billion metric tons of manganese. A single mining operation has potential to directly impact approximately 200 km 2 of the seabed per year. Yet, the biodiversity and functioning of the bentho-demersal ecosystem in the CCFZ remain poorly understood. Recent studies indicate a high species diversity in a food-poor environment, although the area remains poorly sampled. Undersampling is aggravated by a combination of low densities of fauna and high habitat heterogeneity at multiple spatial scales. This study examines the Polynoidae, a diverse family of mobile polychaetes. Sampling with an epibenthic sledge and a remotely operated vehicle was performed during the cruise SO239 within the eastern CCFZ. Five areas under the influence of a sea surface productivity gradient were visited. Specimens were identified using morphology and DNA: (i) to provide a more comprehensive account of polynoid diversity within the CCFZ, (ii) to infer factors potentially driving alpha and beta diversity, and (iii) to test the hypothesis that epibenthic polychaetes have low species turnover and large species range. Patterns of species turnover across the eastern CCFZ were correlated with organic carbon fluxes to the seafloor but there was also a differentiation in the composition of assemblages north and south of the Clarion fracture. In contrast to the previous studies, patterns of alpha taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity both suggest that polynoid assemblages are the most diverse at Area of Particular Environmental Interest no. 3, the most oligotrophic study site, located north of the Clarion fracture. Without ruling out the possibility of sampling bias, the main hypothesis explaining such high diversity is the diversification of polynoid subfamily Macellicephalinae, in response to oligotrophy. We propose that macellicephalins evolved under extremely low food supply conditions through adoption of a semi-pelagic mode of life, which enabled them to colonise new niches at the benthic boundary layer and foster their radiation at great depths.

Aging often results in the appearance of sarcopenia, which is characterized by loss of muscle mass and strength. The incidence of sarcopenia in the elderly is a quite common and leads to weakness and disability, as well as a lower quality of life, also assuming a high social and economic impact. One previous study has shown an independent negative association between arterial stiffness and skeletal muscle mass decline [1], which suggest its relationship with sarcopenia. This work aims to evaluate the relation between sarcopenia and the arterial stiffness, in Portuguese elderly population A cohort of 38 elderly volunteers between 67 and 95 years, with and without Sarcopenia, were selected from nursing homes and day centers of Portuguese charity institution - Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Almada. All volunteers have the same living condition, meals and lifestyle routine, excepting the medications. The diagnosis and degree (severe or moderate) of sarcopenia were performed according to the European consensus on definition and diagnosis of sarcopenia [2] at the same day with arterial stiffnesses measurements assessed by carotid-femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (cfPWV). Our data show a positive correlation for cfPWV with the sarcopenia severity degree, which represents an increasing in arterial stiffness and might be explained by the fact that the loss of muscle mass is often associated with chronic inflammation [3]. Despite of the small cohort size, the male gender held a bigger mean value of cfPWV, with significant p-value (0.014), in comparison to the female gender, which estimates a higher CV risk for the male elders of the region of Almada and Greater Lisbon compared to the female gender. Further investigations would be desirable in order to obtain larger samples and ascertain the estimates for the respective groups. publishersversion published

HODOR GEN. NOV. Type species: Hodor hodor gen. nov., sp. nov.

YODANOE GEN. NOV. Type species: Yodanoe desbruyeresi gen. nov., sp. nov., Published as part of Bonifácio, Paulo & Menot, Lénaïck, 2019, New genera and species from the Equatorial Pacific provide phylogenetic insights into deep-sea Polynoidae (Annelida), pp. 555-635 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 185 on page 619

BATHYNOTALIA LEVENSTEIN, 1982 A Type species: Bathynotalia perplexa Levenstein,1982a. The genus is monotypic. Bathynotalia perplexa was originally classified as Macellicephalinae, but Pettibone (1985c, d, 1989c) referred to it as Polynoinae based on the figure of the prostomium having lateral antennae. We followed the interpretation of Pettibone because the description in Russian was not available. However, the specimens should be re-examined to confirm the classification., Published as part of Bonifácio, Paulo & Menot, Lénaïck, 2019, New genera and species from the Equatorial Pacific provide phylogenetic insights into deep-sea Polynoidae (Annelida), pp. 555-635 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 185 on page 625, {"references":["Levenstein RYA. 1982 a. New genera of the subfamily Macellicephalinae (Polychaeta, Polynoidae) from the Tasman Hollow. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 61: 1291 - 1296.","Pettibone MH. 1985 c. New genera and species of deep sea Macellicephalinae and Harmothoinae Galapagos and Western Mexico at 21 ° N and from the Santa Catalina channel. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 98: 740 - 757."]}

POLARUSCHAKOV LAMELLAE SP. NOV. (FIG. 18A–G; TABLES 1, 2, 5) Polychaeta sp. EBS12o-Po143 (GenBank KJ736547) Janssen et al. (2015). Type material: Holotype, MNHN-IA-TYPE 1837 (IFR151), complete, length 8.41 mm, width 1.40 mm, 22 segments (including tentacular segment), Equatorial Eastern Pacific Ocean, Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone, BGR license area, station 59, collected 28 March 2015, epibenthic sledge supra-net, start 11°48.201′N, 117°30.500′W, end 11°48.442′N, 117°29.395′W, 4384– 4307 m depth, 2469 m trawling distance. Paratype 1, MNHN-IA-TYPE 1838 (IFR659-1 - 1), complete, length 3.40 mm, width 0.58 mm, 17 segments (including tentacular segment), Equatorial Eastern Pacific Ocean, Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone, APEI#3, station 192, collected 21 April 2015, epibenthic sledge epi-net, start 18°44.807′N, 128°21.874′W, end 18°45.338′N, 128°20.418′W, 4821– 4820 m depth, 2799 m trawling distance. Paratype 2, MNHN-IA-TYPE 1839 (IFR607), incomplete, length 2.06 mm, width 0.67 mm, ten segments (including tentacular segment), Equatorial Eastern Pacific Ocean, Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone, APEI#3, station 192, collected 21 April 2015, epibenthic sledge supra-net, start 18°44.807′N, 128°21.874′W, end 18°45.338′N, 128°20.418′W, 4821– 4820 m depth, 2799 m trawling distance. Description (based on holotype): Holotype complete, 8.42 mm long and 1.40 mm wide for 22 segments (including tentacular segment), dorsoventrally flattened, posteriorly tapering; live specimen slightly translucent, bluish (Fig. 18A); ethanol-preserved specimen pale white; chaetae golden. Prostomium bilobed, wider than long, lobes not developed anteriorly, short, rounded anteriorly, with an abrupt depression connecting to superior lip (Fig. 18A, B); frontal filaments absent; median notch between prostomial lobes narrow and shallow; eyes absent; a pair of internal white ganglia visible through translucent epidermis (difficult to see). Median and lateral antennae absent. Palps smooth, tapering, thin, short (reaching to segment 3; Fig. 18A, B). Tentacular segment fused to prostomium, with a pair of short lobes, inserted laterally and slightly ventral to prostomium; without acicula or chaetae; tentaculophores prominent, cylindrical, dorsal longer than ventral; dorsal tentacular style smooth, tapering, thin, short (reaching segment 4; Fig. 18B); ventral tentacular style missing. Pharynx not everted on holotype; dissected in paratype (MNHN-IA-TYPE 1838), with pharyngeal papillae not possible to count, two pairs of jaws, each one with one main fang, outer margin with a small, secondary tooth (small elevation; Fig. 18C). Second segment with elytrophores, subbiramous parapodia, with chaetae and ventral cirri. Ten pairs of large (largest in anterior segments), spherical elytrophores, present on segments 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 and 19 (all elytra missing). Cirrigerous segments with prominent dorsal cirrophores (largest in anterior segments); styles smooth, tapering, long (longer than tip of neuroacicular lobe; Fig. 18D); on segment 3 longer than on subsequent segments; dorsal tubercles present, rounded on segment 2, lamelliform on subsequent segments (Fig. 18D), decreasing in size posteriorly, largest on segment 8, inconspicuous on segment 18 (in paratypes, dorsal tubercles not seen). Segment 6 with a pair of flattened scale-like structures present (Fig. 18B); inserted before cirrophore, basally inflated, rounded; distally lamelliform, small, not reaching mid-dorsal line. Ventral cirri smooth, tapering, present from segment 2 to last segment; inserted basally on neuropodia of segment 2, style long (much longer than tip of neuroacicular lobe); in subsequent segments inserted medially on neuropodia (Fig. 18D), style short (shorter than tip of neuroacicular lobe). Parapodia subbiramous, notopodia reduced, much shorter than neuropodia (Fig. 18D). Notopodia reduced, narrow, subtriangular, tapering into long acicular lobe, tip of notoacicula not penetrating epidermis. Neuropodia large, rectangular to subtriangular, tapering into long acicular lobe, tip of neuroacicula not penetrating epidermis; post-chaetal lobe oval, slightly enlarged. Notochaetae very few (three observed), short, slender, slightly curved, with distinct spinous rows on convex side, with blunt tips (Fig. 18E); notochaetae more slender than neurochaetae. Neurochaetae moderate in number (26 observed), long, distally flattened to concave, serrated along both margins, with blunt tips (Fig. 18F); lower neurochaetae shorter, with pointed tips (Fig. 18G), shorter than upper or middle groups. Nephridial papillae absent. Pygidium rounded, not enclosed by last segment; with terminal anus (Fig. 18A). Anal cirri lost, scars not seen. Morphological variation: All specimens shared the following morphological characters: short palps, chaetae, insertion and length of ventral cirri, slightly enlarged post-chaetal lobe. Although the paratypes are in poor condition, they do not seem to present the lamelliform dorsal tubercles. The tubercles might have been lost or this character could be age dependent, because the holotype has 22 segments whereas the paratypes have 18 segments. Remarks: The notochaetae and neurochaetae are closer to those present in Polaruschakov species. However, as described above, the lamelliform dorsal tubercles and the very reduced prostomium are unique characters, which allow differentiation of Polaruschakov lamellae sp. nov. from the other species belonging to Polaruschakov (Table 5). Etymology: The species name came from Latin ‘ lamellae ’ meaning lamella in plural. It refers to lamelliform dorsal tubercles. Genetic data: DNA sequencing for this species was successful for COI, 16S and 18S. The specimens shared 100% of genetic material in COI and 18S, and ≥ 99.5% in 16S. The average K2P distance for intraspecific variation was 0.0% for COI and 0.2% for 16S. Distribution: Based on the material examined (three specimens), this species has a wide distribution within the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone, being sampled in BGR (type locality) and APEI#3 areas., Published as part of Bonifácio, Paulo & Menot, Lénaïck, 2019, New genera and species from the Equatorial Pacific provide phylogenetic insights into deep-sea Polynoidae (Annelida), pp. 555-635 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 185 on pages 613-614, {"references":["Janssen A, Kaiser S, Meissner K, Brenke N, Menot L, Martinez Arbizu P. 2015. A reverse taxonomic approach to assess macrofaunal distribution patterns in abyssal Pacific polymetallic nodule fields. PLoS ONE 10: e 0117790."]}

BATHYEDITHIA PETTIBONE, 1976 Bathyedithia Pettibone, 1976: 53. – Levenstein, 1978: 167. – Uschakov, 1982: 133 (translated version). – Jirkov, 2001: 128. Type species: Macellicephaloides berkeleyi Levenstein, 1971a. Diagnosis (emended): Short body, dorsoventrally flattened, up to 26 segments. Frontal filaments absent. Eyes absent. Median and lateral antennae absent. Facial tubercle absent. Large palpophores. Tentacular segment fused with prostomium, tentaculophores without acicula or chaetae. Pharynx with seven to nine pairs of distal papillae; two pairs of jaws with serrated margin. Dorsal tubercles large (Bathyedithia tuberculata) or absent (Bathyedithia berkeleyi and Bathyedithia retierei sp. nov.). Elytrophores prominent, up to ten pairs, on segments 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 and 19. Parapodia subbiramous, notopodia shorter than neuropodia; noto- and neuropodia with elongate acicular lobe; tips of noto- and neuroaciculae not penetrating epidermis. Notochaetae distally with spinous rows; notochaetae more slender than neurochaetae. Neurochaetae numerous, serrated along both margins. From segment 3, ventral cirri inserted medially on neuropodia. Nephridial papillae present (Bathyedithia berkeleyi and Bathyedithia retierei sp. nov.) or absent (Bathyedithia tuberculata). Pygidium small, with dorsal (Bathyedithia tuberculata and Bathyedithia berkeleyi) or terminal anus (Bathyedithia retierei sp. nov.). Remarks: The diagnosis of genus Bathyedithia is emended to include a character observed in the species described below and the species Bathyedithia tuberculata Levenstein, 1981: ten pairs of elytrophores; as well as with characters observed in the new species: the presence of a terminal anus and the number of pairs of pharyngeal papillae., Published as part of Bonifácio, Paulo & Menot, Lénaïck, 2019, New genera and species from the Equatorial Pacific provide phylogenetic insights into deep-sea Polynoidae (Annelida), pp. 555-635 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 185 on page 580, {"references":["Pettibone MH. 1976. Revision of the genus Macellicephala McIntosh and the subfamily Macellicephalinae Hartmann- Schroder (Polychaeta: Polynoidae). Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.","Levenstein RYA. 1978. Polychaetes of the family Polynoidae (Polychaeta) from the deep-water trenches of the Western part of the Pacific. Transactions of the P. P. Shirov Institute of Oceanology Academy of Sciences of the USSR 112: 162 - 173.","Uschakov PV. 1982. Polychaetes of the suborder Aphroditiformia of the Arctic Ocean and the northwestern part of the Pacific Ocean. Families Aphroditidae and Polynoidae. Mnogoshchetinkovyye Chervil (Fauna of the USSR, Polychaeta) 2: 1 - 272.","Jirkov IA. 2001. Polychaeta of the Arctic Ocean. Moscow: Yanus-K Press.","Levenstein RYA. 1971 a. A new polychaete species of the genus Macellicephaloides from the Aleutian Trench. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 28: 1429 - 1431.","Levenstein RYA. 1981. Some peculiarities of the distribution of the family Polynoidae from the Canada basin of the Arctic Ocean. Transactions of the P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology 115: 26 - 36."]}

POLARUSCHAKOV PETTIBONE, 1976 Polaruschakov Pettibone, 1976: 55. – Uschakov, 1982: 124 (translated version). – Jirkov, 2001: 133. – Barnich & Fiege, 2003: 92. Type species: Macellicephala polaris Uschakov, 1957. Diagnosis (emended): Short body, dorsoventrally flattened, up to 25 segments. Frontal filaments absent. Eyesabsent.Medianandlateralantennaeabsent.Facial tubercle absent. Reduced palpophores. Tentacular segment fused with prostomium, tentaculophores without acicula or chaetae. Pharynx with seven pairs of distal papillae; two pairs of jaws with smooth margins or with a secondary small tooth (Polaruschakov lamellae sp. nov. and Polaruschakov omnesae sp. nov.). Dorsal tubercles present (Polaruschakov lamellae sp. nov. and Polaruschakov polaris) or absent (Polaruschakov reyssi, Polaruschakov limaae sp. nov. and Polaruschakov omnesae sp. nov.). Elytrophores prominent, up to ten pairs, on segments 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 and 19. Parapodia subbiramous, notopodia shorter than neuropodia; noto- and neuropodia with elongate acicular lobe; tips of noto- and neuroaciculae not penetrating epidermis. Notochaetae distally with spinous rows; notochaetae more slender than neurochaetae. Neurochaetae numerous, serrated along both margins. From segment 3, ventral cirri inserted medially on neuropodia. Nephridial papillae small. Pygidium small, with terminal anus. Remarks: The diagnosis of genus Polaruschakov is emended to include the following characters observed in the new species described below: jaws with small secondary tooth on margin and absence of flattened scale-like structures on segment 6. As highlighted for Hodor gen. nov., this feature, occasionally present on anterior segments, is likely to be a reproductive character, as suggested by its presence or absence without pattern among the taxa belonging to the Anantennata clade (i.e. without median and lateral antennae)., Published as part of Bonifácio, Paulo & Menot, Lénaïck, 2019, New genera and species from the Equatorial Pacific provide phylogenetic insights into deep-sea Polynoidae (Annelida), pp. 555-635 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 185 on page 613, {"references":["Pettibone MH. 1976. Revision of the genus Macellicephala McIntosh and the subfamily Macellicephalinae Hartmann- Schroder (Polychaeta: Polynoidae). Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.","Uschakov PV. 1982. Polychaetes of the suborder Aphroditiformia of the Arctic Ocean and the northwestern part of the Pacific Ocean. Families Aphroditidae and Polynoidae. Mnogoshchetinkovyye Chervil (Fauna of the USSR, Polychaeta) 2: 1 - 272.","Jirkov IA. 2001. Polychaeta of the Arctic Ocean. Moscow: Yanus-K Press.","Barnich R, Fiege D. 2003. The Aphroditoidea (Annelida: Polychaeta) of the Mediterranean Sea. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 559: 1 - 167.","Uschakov PV. 1957. On the Fauna of polychaete worms (Polychaeta) from the Arctic and Antarctic. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal Akademiia Nauk SSSR 36: 1659 - 1672."]}

YODANOE DESBRUYERESI SP. NOV. (FIG. 21A–G; TABLES 1, 2) Type material: Holotype, MNHN-IA-TYPE 1843 (IFR448 b), complete, length 3.86 mm, width 0.64 mm, 17 segments (including tentacular segment), Equatorial Eastern Pacific Ocean, Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone, Ifremer license area, station 158, collected 15 April 2015, epibenthic sledge supra-net, start 14°3.411′N, 130°7.989′W, end 14°3.813′N, 130°6.481′W, 4946–4978 m depth, 3789 m trawling distance. Description (based on holotype): Holotype complete, 3.86 mm long and 0.64 mm wide for 17 segments (including tentacular segment), dorsoventrally flattened, tapering posteriorly; live specimen slightly translucent, bluish (Fig. 21A); ethanol-preserved specimen pale white, prostomium whitish. Prostomium bilobed, about as wide as long, lobes pronounced, anteriorly tapering to triangular peaks, located close to the notch; frontal filaments absent; median notch between prostomial lobes wide and moderately deep (Fig. 21B); eyes absent. Median antenna present, lateral antennae absent; ceratophore of median antenna, bulbous, large, short (shorter than anterior margin of prostomial lobes), inserted anteromedially on prostomium, in the notch, style missing. Palps smooth, tapering, long (reaching to segment 5; Fig. 21B). Facial tubercles absent; upper lip with few folds. Tentacular segment with elongate acicular lobe, inserted laterally and slightly ventral to prostomium; with acicula not penetrating epidermis, without chaetae (Fig. 21B); tentaculophores distinct, large, dorsal pair slightly longer than ventral one, inserted distally; styles missing. Pharynx not everted. Second segment with elytrophores, subbiramous parapodia, with chaetae and ventral cirri. Eight pairs of massive, cylindrical, elongate (longest on segments 9 and 11) elytrophores (Fig. 21D) present on segments 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15 (all elytra missing). Cirrigerous segments with distinct, cylindrical dorsal cirrophores (Fig. 21C), inserted subdistally on notopodia; styles missing; dorsal tubercles present, forming cirriform branchial-like processes, small on segment 3, longest on segment 10 (as long as elytrophore of segment 9; Fig. 21D). Ventral cirri smooth, tapering, present from segment 2 to last segment; inserted basally on neuropodia of segment 2, style long (longer than tip of neuroacicular lobe); in subsequent segments inserted medially on neuropodia (Fig. 21C), style short (shorter than tip of neuroacicular lobe). Parapodia subbiramous; notopodia shorter than neuropodia (Fig. 21C). Notopodia arising from the dorsum, as two thickened ridges; notopodia subtriangular, tapering into long acicular lobe, tip of notoacicula not penetrating epidermis. Neuropodia large, rectangular to subtriangular, tapering into long acicular lobe, tip of neuroacicula not penetrating epidermis. Notochaetae few (six to 11 observed), short to long, slender, slightly curved, with developed spinous rows on convex side, with pointed tips (Fig. 21E); notochaetae as stout as neurochaetae. Neurochaetae moderate in number (23– 30 observed), short to long, distally flattened to concave, serrated along both margins, with pointed tips (Fig. 21F); lower group very short, leaf like (Fig. 21G). Nephridial papillae absent. Pygidium rounded, not enclosed by last segment; with dorsal anus (Fig. 21A). Anal cirri lost, scars not seen. Etymology: This species is dedicated to Dr Daniel Desbruyères (Laboratoire Environnement Profond, Ifremer, Brest, France) for his many contributions to the taxonomy and ecology of polychaetes mainly from extreme environments. Remarks: This species shares many similarities with Yodanoe sp. 659-3 but the palps are shorter in Yodanoe desbruyeresi gen. nov., sp. nov. (reaching segment 5) than in Yodanoe sp. 659-3 (reaching segment 7). Moreover, the K2P distance between these species was high (24.0% for COI and 19.3% for 16S). Genetic data: DNA sequencing for this species was successful for COI and 16S but not for 18S. Distribution: Only one specimen was sampled at a single station within the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone in Ifremer license area (type locality)., Published as part of Bonifácio, Paulo & Menot, Lénaïck, 2019, New genera and species from the Equatorial Pacific provide phylogenetic insights into deep-sea Polynoidae (Annelida), pp. 555-635 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 185 on pages 619-620

ABYSSARYA GEN. NOV. Type species: Abyssarya acus gen. nov., sp. nov., Published as part of Bonifácio, Paulo & Menot, Lénaïck, 2019, New genera and species from the Equatorial Pacific provide phylogenetic insights into deep-sea Polynoidae (Annelida), pp. 555-635 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 185 on page 577

POLARUSCHAKOV OMNESAE SP. NOV. (FIG. 20A–G; TABLES 1, 2, 5) Type material: Holotype, MNHN-IA-TYPE 1841 (IFR424), complete, length 4.43 mm, width 0.83 mm, 19 segments (including tentacular segment), Equatorial Eastern Pacific Ocean, Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone, IOM license area, station 99, collected 4 April 2015, epibenthic sledge epi-net, start 11°2.296′N, 119°40.825′W, end 11°2.612′N, 119°39.512′W, 4398– 4402 m depth, 2529 m trawling distance. Paratype, MNHN-IA-TYPE 1842 (IFR530-1), complete, length 4.16 mm, width 0.81 mm, 20 segments (including tentacular segment), Equatorial Eastern Pacific Ocean, Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone, GSR license area, station 117, collected 7 April 2015, epibenthic sledge epi-net, start 13°52.317′N, 123°15.442′W, end 13°52.622′N, 123°14.263′W, 4498–4521 m depth, 3129 m trawling distance. Description (based on holotype and paratype): Holotype complete, 4.43 mm long and 0.83 mm wide for 19 segments (including tentacular segment), dorsoventrally flattened, posteriorly tapering; colour of live animal not known; ethanol-preserved specimen pale white, slightly translucent. Prostomium bilobed, wider than long, anterior lobes not developed, conical; frontal filaments absent; median notch between prostomial lobes moderately narrow and moderately deep (Fig. 20A); eyes absent. Median and lateral antennae absent. Palps smooth, tapering into thin tips, short (reaching segment 3); palpophores not enlarged (Fig. 20A). Facial tubercle absent. Upper lip with multiple minute folds. Tentacular segment fused to prostomium, with a pair of short lobes, inserted laterally and slightly below prostomium; without acicula or chaetae; tentaculophores distinct, bulbous, equal sized; styles smooth, tapering into thin tips, short (reaching segment 3), dorsal tentacular style slightly shorter than ventral tentacular style (Fig. 20A); ventrally to the tentaculophores is a distinct globular pad, located laterally to the mouth. Pharynx not everted in holotype; dissected in paratype (MNHN-IA-TYPE 1842), with seven pairs of distal papillae, subtriangular, equal sized; two pairs of jaws, each one with one main fang, outer margin with a very small, secondary tooth (small elevation; Fig. 20B). Second segment with elytrophores, subbiramous parapodia, chaetae and ventral cirri. Nine pairs of distinct, knob-like elytrophores present on segments 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15 and 17 (all elytra missing). Cirrigerous segments with distinct, small dorsal cirrophores (Fig. 20C), inserted subdistally on notopodia; styles smooth, tapering into thin tips, long (slightly longer than tip of neuroacicular lobe); dorsal tubercles absent. Segment 6 without modification. Ventral cirri smooth, tapering into thin tips, present from segment 2 to last segment; inserted basally on neuropodia of segment 2, style short (shorter than tip of neuroacicular lobe); in subsequent segments inserted medially on neuropodia (Fig. 20C), style short (shorter than tip of neuroacicular lobe). Parapodia subbiramous; notopodia much shorter than neuropodia (Fig. 20C). Notopodia narrow, subtriangular, tapering into very short acicular lobe, tip of notoacicula not penetrating epidermis. Neuropodia large, subtriangular, tapering into long acicular lobe, tip of neuroacicula not penetrating epidermis. Notochaetae very few (one to three observed), short, slender, slightly curved, with distinct spinous rows on convex side, with blunt tips (Fig. 20D);notochaetae more slender than neurochaetae. Neurochaetae moderate in number (ten to 15 observed), long, distally flattened to concave, serrated along both margins, with pointed tips (Fig. 20E, F); slightly stouter in middle of fascicle. Nephridial papillae absent. Pygidium rounded, not enclosed by last segment; with terminal anus; with ventral papilla, rounded to ovoid (Fig. 20G). Anal cirri lost, scars not seen. Morphological variation: Specimens with 19 and 20 segments were found, which share most of the morphological characters given in the species description. However, the holotype shows a minute prostomial peak and a minute ventral papilla on the pygidium, whereas the paratype does not show those peaks but presents a more rounded, small, ventral papilla. Remarks: Polaruschakov omnesae sp. nov. is more similar to Polaruschakov polaris, with both having notochaetae with blunt tips, a wide notch and fewer chaetae than Polaruschakov reyssi. However, in Polaruschakov omnesae sp. nov. the neurochaetae tips are pointed and the palps are short (reaching segment 3), whereas in Polaruschakov polaris the neurochaetae tips are rounded and the palps are longer (Table 5). The average K2P distance among Polaruschakov lamellae sp. nov. and Polaruschakov omnesae sp. nov. was high (23.3% for COI and 24.4% for 16S). The presence of minute prostomial peaks could be an artefact of preservation, because its presence cannot be observed in the paratype. Etymology: This species is dedicated to Emmanuelle Omnes (Ifremer) for her help with laboratory work. Genetic data: DNA sequencing for this species was successful for COI, 16S and 18S. Both specimens shared 100% of genetic material in COI and 16S. 18S was not successfully sequenced for the paratype. The average K2P distance for intraspecific variation was 0.0% for both COI and 16S. Distribution: Based on the material examined (two specimens), this species has a restricted distribution within the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone, being sampled in IOM (type locality) and GSR license areas., Published as part of Bonifácio, Paulo & Menot, Lénaïck, 2019, New genera and species from the Equatorial Pacific provide phylogenetic insights into deep-sea Polynoidae (Annelida), pp. 555-635 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 185 on pages 617-619

NU AAKHU GEN. NOV., SP. NOV. (FIG. 17A–F; TABLES 1, 2) Type material: Holotype, MNHN-IA-TYPE 1836 (IFR341), complete, length 4.82 mm, width 0.76 mm, 18 segments (including tentacular segment), Equatorial Eastern Pacific Ocean, Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone, GSR license area, station 117, collected 7 April 2015, epibenthic sledge supra-net, start 13°52.317′N, 123°15.442′W, end 13°52.622′N, 123°14.263′W, 4498– 4521 m depth, 3129 m trawling distance. Description (based on holotype): Holotype complete, 4.82 mm long and 0.76 mm wide for 18 segments (including tentacular segment), dorsoventrally flattened; slightly tapering posteriorly; live specimen translucent, bluish; digestive system and chaetae internally visible, chaetae golden (Fig. 17A); ethanolpreserved specimen pale white, translucent. Prostomium bilobed, wider than long, lobes not pronounced, short, anteriorly rounded; fused with tentacular segment; frontal filaments absent; median notch between prostomial lobes shallow and moderately wide (Fig. 17A, C); eyes absent. Median and lateral antennae absent. Palps smooth, tapering, short (reaching segment 3), with small, distinct palpophores (Fig. 17C). Facial tubercles absent. Upper lip with minute folds. Tentacular segment fused to prostomium, with short lobe, inserted ventrolaterally to prostomium; without acicula or chaetae; tentaculophores very short, small, distinct, equal sized; tentacular styles short, smooth, tapering distally into filamentous tip; dorsal tentacular style (reaching segment 4) slightly longer than ventral tentacular style (Fig. 17C). Pharynx not everted. Second segment with elytrophores, subbiramous parapodia, with chaetae and ventral cirri. Nine pairs of very small, knob-like elytrophores present on segments 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15 and 17 (all elytra missing). Cirrigerous segment with distinct, small dorsal cirrophores (Fig. 17D), inserted basally on notopodia; styles smooth, tapering, long to short (anteriorly, longer than tip of neuroacicular lobe; posteriorly, about as long as tip of neuroacicular lobe); dorsal tubercles absent. Segments 5 and 6 with large, swollen dorsal structure (Fig. 17A, B), interiorly whitish; smaller, bilobed on segment 5 (maybe because of elytrophore), larger on segment 6. Elytrophore not visible on segment 5 because of swelling. Ventral cirri smooth, tapering, present from segment 2 to last segment; inserted basally on neuropodia of segment 2, style long (longer than tip of neuroacicular lobe); in subsequent segments inserted subdistally on neuropodia (Fig. 17D), styles short (shorter than tip of neuroacicular lobe); on segments 3 and 4 shorter than those in posterior body; on segment 5 longer (approaching tip of neuroacicular lobe). Parapodia subbiramous (Fig. 17D). Notopodia very reduced to small, pointed acicular lobe, tip of notoacicula not penetrating epidermis. Neuropodia large, subtriangular, tapering into elongate acicular lobe, tip of neuroacicula not penetrating epidermis. Notochaetae absent. Neurochaetae moderate in number (16 observed), short to long, distally flattened to concave, with pronounced, widely spaced spines along both margins, with rounded tips (Fig. 17E, F); often, middle group with single, stouter neurochaeta. Nephridial papillae absent. Pygidium rounded, not enclosed by last segment; with terminal anus (Fig. 17A). Anal cirri lost, scars not seen. Remarks: As detailed in the genus section, Nu aakhu gen. nov., sp. nov. is unique in not having notochaetae and in having very short notoacicular lobes, very small elytrophores and neurochaetae with prominent spines along both margins. Etymology: Again, in the ancient Egyptian religion, ‘ áakhu ’ is one of the elements that compose the human soul. An ‘ áakhu ’ is the glorified spirit or a blessed soul which has passed the final judgement (the Weighing of the Heart). The term refers to the translucent character of the body of this worm. Genetic data: DNA sequencing was successful only for 18S but not for COI or 16S. Distribution: Only one specimen was sampled at a single station within the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone in GSR license area (type locality)., Published as part of Bonifácio, Paulo & Menot, Lénaïck, 2019, New genera and species from the Equatorial Pacific provide phylogenetic insights into deep-sea Polynoidae (Annelida), pp. 555-635 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 185 on pages 611-613

HODOR HODOR SP. NOV. (FIG. 12A–H; TABLES 1, 2) Type material: Holotype, MNHN-IA-TYPE 1825 (IFR655-2 - 1), complete, length 11.35 mm, width 1.68 mm, 24 segments (including tentacular segment), Equatorial Eastern Pacific Ocean, Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone, APEI#3, station 192, collected 21 April 2015, epibenthic sledge epi-net, start 18°44.807′N, 128°21.874′W, end 18°45.338′N, 128°20.418′W, 4821– 4820 m depth, 2799 m trawling distance. Description (based on holotype): Holotype complete, 11.35 mm long and 1.68 mm wide for 24 segments (including tentacular segment), dorsoventrally flattened, posteriorly tapering; colour of live animal not known; ethanol-preserved specimen pale white (Fig. 12A). Prostomium bilobed, about as long as wide, lobes subtriangular, poorly developed, anteriorly tapering into blunt peaks, extending until superior lip; frontal filaments absent; median notch between prostomial lobes narrow and shallow (Fig. 12C); eyes absent; a pair of internal white ganglia visible through translucent epidermis, dorsolaterally located on prostomium. Median and lateral antennae absent. Palps smooth, tapering, very long (reaching segment 9), inserted on large, rounded palpophores (Fig. 12C). Facial tubercle absent. Tentacular segment fused to prostomium, well developed, with a pair of short lobes, inserted laterally and slightly below prostomium; without acicula or chaetae; tentaculophores large, bulbous, equal sized; dorsal tentacular style smooth, tapering, short (reaching segment 4); ventral tentacular style missing (Fig. 12C). Pharynx not everted. Second segment with elytrophores, subbiramous parapodia, chaetae and ventral cirri. Nine pairs of large, globular elytrophores (Fig. 12B, D) present on segments 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15 and 17 (all elytra missing); with dorsal cirrophores on last segments. Cirrigerous segments with large, bulbous dorsal cirrophores (Fig. 12B), inserted subdistally on notopodia; styles missing. Segments 6 and 8 with large, swollen dorsal structure (Fig. 12A, B), located basally to cirrophores, interiorly whitish; smaller on segment 6, bigger on segment 8. Dorsal tubercles absent. Ventral cirri smooth, tapering, present from segment 2 to last segment; inserted basally on neuropodia of segment 2, style long (longer than tip of neuroacicular lobe); in subsequent segments inserted medially on neuropodia (Fig. 12D), style short (shorter than tip of neuroacicular lobe). Parapodia subbiramous; notopodia reduced, much short than neuropodia (Fig. 12D). Notopodia arising from the dorsum as two thickened ridges; narrow, subtriangular, tapering into long acicular lobe, tip of notoacicula not penetrating epidermis. Neuropodia large, rectangular to subtriangular, tapering into long acicular lobe, tip of neuroacicula not penetrating epidermis. Notochaetae variable in number (one to 16 observed), long, slender, slightly curved with distinct, faint spinous rows on convex side, with blunt tips preceded by subdistally smooth margin (Fig. 12E); notochaetae more slender than neurochaetae. Neurochaetae of two types: (1) moderate in number (12–28 observed), long to very long, distally flattened to concave, serrated along both margins, with pointed tips (Fig. 12F); and (2) middle and lower group on segments 3–7 modified, moderate in number (16 observed), stouter, short to long, distally flattened to concave, with coarse spines along both margins, spines concentrated basally and well spaced later, middle part with smooth margins (most of or less of their length), subdistally smooth or with one or two spines, blunt tip, tip margin slightly lighter (Fig. 12G, H). Nephridial papillae present on segments 11, 12 and 13, small, bulbous. Last segment very reduced. Pygidium rounded, not enclosed by last segment; with terminal anus (Fig. 12A). Anal cirri lost, scars not seen. Remarks: Hodor hodor gen. nov., sp. nov. presents many similarities with Hodor anduril gen. nov., sp. nov., including the number of segments, prostomium and parapodial shape, chaetae and number of nephridial papillae pairs. However, the palps in Hodor hodor gen. nov., sp. nov. are longer (reaching segment 9) than the palps in Hodor anduril gen. nov., sp. nov. (reaching segment 2). Furthermore, the average K2P distance between these species was 14.2% for COI and 6.1% for 16S. Interestingly, the morphological variation observed in Hodor anduril gen. nov., sp. nov. specimens could also indicate some dissimilarity within Hodor hodor gen. nov., sp. nov. specimens, which will necessitate care in the identification of any further specimens. In addition, both species have overlapping distribution in APEI#3. Etymology: This species is dedicated to Hodor, one of P.B.’s favourite characters in the novel ‘ A song of ice and fire ’ by George R. R. Martin. Genetic data: DNA sequencing for this species was successful for COI, 16S and 18S. Distribution: Only one specimen was sampled at a single station within the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone in APEI#3 area (type locality)., Published as part of Bonifácio, Paulo & Menot, Lénaïck, 2019, New genera and species from the Equatorial Pacific provide phylogenetic insights into deep-sea Polynoidae (Annelida), pp. 555-635 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 185 on pages 598-600

BATHYEDITHIA RETIEREI SP. NOV. (FIG. 6A–G; TABLES 1, 2) Type material: Holotype, MNHN-IA-TYPE 1814 (IFR451 b), complete, length 3.81 mm, width 0.71 mm, 20 segments (including tentacular segment), Equatorial Eastern Pacific Ocean, Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone, Ifremer license area, station 158, collected 15 April 2015, epibenthic sledge supranet, start 14°3.411′N, 130°7.989′W, end 14°3.813′N, 130°6.481′W, 4946–4978 m depth, 3789 m trawling distance. Description (based on holotype): Holotype complete, 3.81 mm long and 0.71 mm wide for 20 segments (including tentacular segment), dorsoventrally flattened, posteriorly tapering; live specimen bluish, transparent (Fig. 6A); ethanol-preserved specimen pale white. Prostomium bilobed, wider than long, anteriorly rounded, lobes not developed; frontal filaments absent; median notch between prostomial lobes narrow and shallow (Fig. 6A, B); eyes absent. Median and lateral antennae absent. Palps smooth, tapering into thin tips, short (reaching to segment 2–3), inserted on rounded palpophores (Fig. 6B). Facial tubercle absent. Tentacular segment fused to prostomium, with a pair of short lobes, inserted laterally and slightly ventral to prostomium; without acicula or chaetae; tentaculophores distinct, bulbous, equal sized; styles smooth, tapering into thin tips, short (reaching to segment 4), dorsal and ventral tentacular cirri of similar length (Fig. 6B). Pharynx dissected, with seven pairs of subtriangular distal papillae of similar size; two pairs of jaws with main fang, serrated margin (one pair of jaws with nine to 11 teeth and the other pair with 13 teeth; Fig. 6C). Second segment with elytrophores, subbiramous parapodia, chaetae and ventral cirri. Ten pairs of distinct, knob-like elytrophores present on segments 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 and 19 (elytron still attached on segment 7); elytra very small (approaching the margins of preceding and subsequent segments, covering notopodia), smooth margin; surface with sparse, rounded microtubercles. Cirrigerous segments with distinct, small dorsal cirrophores (Fig. 6D), inserted subdistally on notopodia; styles of dorsal cirri smooth, tapering into thin tips, short (as long as tip of neuroacicular lobe); dorsal tubercles absent. Segment 6–8 without any structures. Ventral cirri smooth, tapering into thin tips, present from segment 2 to last segment; inserted basally on neuropodia of segment 2, style long (longer than tip of neuroacicular lobe); in subsequent segments inserted medially on neuropodia, style short (shorter than tip of neuroacicular lobe). Parapodia subbiramous; notopodia reduced, much shorter than neuropodia (Fig. 6D). Notopodia narrow, subtriangular, tapering into short acicular lobe, tip of notoacicula not penetrating epidermis. Neuropodia large, lanceolate, tapering into long acicular lobe, tip of neuroacicula not penetrating epidermis. Notochaetae very few (one or two observed), short, slender, slightly curved with distinct, faint spinous rows on convex side, with blunt tips preceded by smooth margin (Fig. 6E); notochaetae more slender than neurochaeta. Neurochaetae of two types: (1) variable in number (three to 20 observed), long, distally flattened to concave, serrated along both margins, with abrupt pointed tips (Fig. 6F); and (2) middle group mostly in anterior segments, few (five observed), slightly stouter, long, distally flattened to concave, coarsely serrated along both margins, with blunt tips (Fig. 6G). The neurochaetae present a central rib that is more or less evident. Nephridial papillae present on segments 10 and 11, small, digitiform. Pygidium rounded, not enclosed by last segment; with terminal anus (Fig. 6A). Anal cirri lost, scars not seen. Remarks: The new species is very close to Polaruschakov species having seven pairs of pharyngeal papillae, but even closer to Bathyedithia in having serrated jaws and rounded palpophores. Bathyedithia retierei sp. nov. differs from the two other species of Bathyedithia in having seven pairs of pharyngeal papillae and lanceolate neuropodia. Furthermore, in Bathyedithia retierei sp. nov. the nephridial papillae are present on segments 10 and 11, whereas in Bathyedithia tuberculata they are present from segment 7 to the end of the body, and they are absent in Bathyedithia berkeleyi. Etymology: This species is dedicated to Professor Christian Retière (Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Dinard, France) for his many contributions to French benthic research. Genetic data: DNA sequencing for this species was successful for 16S and 18S (only 720 bp) but not for COI. Distribution: Only one specimen was sampled at a single station within the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone in Ifremer license area (type locality)., Published as part of Bonifácio, Paulo & Menot, Lénaïck, 2019, New genera and species from the Equatorial Pacific provide phylogenetic insights into deep-sea Polynoidae (Annelida), pp. 555-635 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 185 on pages 580-581

Hesiospina legendrei sp. nov. (Figs. 2–4) Type material: NE Pacific Ocean, Endeavour Segment (Juan de Fuca Ridge), Grotto site (47°56.958’N, 129°5.899’W), 2196 m depth, collected by ROV Jason 6–7 September 2015, Dive J 0831: Holotype, MNHN-IA- TYPE 1845, J0831-S1 incomplete specimen, length 13.27 mm, width 1.72 mm, 37 segments, accession GenBank MH349482 for 16S and MH349485 for COI; Paratype 1, MNHN-IA-TYPE 1846, J0831-S3 incomplete specimen, length 11.51 mm, width 1.73 mm, 33 segments, accession GenBank MH349481 for 16S and MH349484 for COI; Paratype 2, MNHN-IA-TYPE 1847, J0831-S1 complete specimen, length 11.17 mm, width 1.05 mm, 43 segments, accession GenBank MH349480 for 16S and MH349483 for COI; Paratype 3, MNHN-IA-TYPE 1848, J0831-S3 complete specimen, length 13.94 mm, width 1.20 mm, 50 segments; Paratype 4, MNHN-IA-TYPE 1849, J0831-S3 complete specimen, length 12.18 mm, width 1.35 mm, 42 segments. Additional material: NE Pacific Ocean, Endeavour Segment (Juan de Fuca Ridge), Grotto site (47°56.958’N, 129°5.899’W), 2196 m depth, collected by ROV Jason 6–7 September 2015, Dive J0831: Additional material 1 MNHN-IA-PNT 82, J0831-S3 incomplete specimen, length 12.99 mm, width 1.39 mm, 30 segments; Additional material 2 MNHN-IA-PNT 83, J0831-S3 incomplete specimen, length 11.33 mm, width 1.20 mm, 38 segments; Additional material 3 MNHN-IA-PNT 84, J0831-S3 incomplete specimen, length 11.46 mm, width 1.03 mm, 40 segments; Additional material 4 MNHN-IA-PNT 85, J0831-S2 incomplete specimen, length 13.65 mm, width 1.19 mm, 38 segments; Additional material 5 MNHN-IA-PNT 86, J0831-S2 incomplete specimen, length 12.28 mm, width 1.06 mm, 34 segments; Additional material 6 MNHN-IA-PNT 87, J0831-S2 incomplete specimen used to SEM. NE Pacific Ocean, Endeavour Segment (Juan de Fuca Ridge), Grotto site (47°56.958’N, 129°5.899’W), 2196 m depth, collected by ROV ROPOS 19 May 2014: Additional material 7 MNHN-IA-PNT 88, ONC 2014 R1689 incomplete specimen, length 11.36 mm, width 1.30 mm, 29 segments; Additional material 8 MNHN-IA- PNT 89, ONC 2014 R1689 complete specimen, length 19.55 mm, width 1.21 mm, 47 segments Description (based on holotype and paratypes): Moderate-sized species, up to 19.55 mm long, up to 50 segments; dorsoventrally cylindrical anteriorly and posteriorly slightly flattened; live specimen not observed; ethanol preserved pale yellow to white; from segment 4–5, ventral-posterior part of neuropodia slightly inflated, with slight to dark brownish pigmentation. Prostomium wider than long, trapezoid, anteriorly wide, slightly notched posteriorly (Fig. 2A, 4A). Two antennae, smooth, thin, slightly tapering, long (as long as palpophores and palpostyle) with rounded tips, inserted on anterior margin close to palpophores; without median antenna. Palpophores cylindrical, slightly annulated, long (shorter than prostomium length) with palpostyle ovoid, thinner, shorter (about 1/3 of palphophores; Fig. 2A). Eyes absent. Nuchal organs as a patch of pores located laterally to prostomium (Fig. 4A). Everted proboscis large, thick, bulbous (as long as the first 6 segments when everted; Fig. 2A); basally encircled with numerous, small, conical, pointed papillae (increasing in size distally), ranged in about 21–27 poorly defined vertical rows with 2–5 papillae by row; medially with a pair of large, sac-like structures, inflated, distally with 7–13 digitiform extensions, inserted ventro-laterally; distally with 20–27 elongate, thin, similar-sized papillae; not ciliated (Fig. 2A, B); two pairs of small, delicate jaws, both pairs basally jointed, dorsal pair anteriorly rounded, ventral pair anteriorly slightly pointed (Fig. 2C, D). Dorsal cirri articulated, in segments 1–4 as tentacular cirri, very long (reaching 9 subsequent segments) with well-developed, cylindrical cirrophores; in subsequent segments, style shorter, long (reaching 2–5 subsequent segments) with smaller cirrophores. Ventral cirri in segments 1–4 slightly articulated, long (reaching 4 subsequent segments) with well-developed, cylindrical cirrophores; in subsequent segments, style not articulated, slightly thinner, short (reaching distal neuropodia margin) with indistinct cirrophores, inserted subdistally (Fig. 3A). Parapodia subbiramous (Fig. 3A). Notopodia reduced to small lobe; in segments 1–5 with 5–6 internal, slender aciculae; from segment 6 (chaetiger 2) to last segments with single internal, stouter acicula; from segments 7–8 (chaetigers 3–4) to last segments with single stout protruding hook (plate-like striae), very gently curved distally, with blunt to slightly pointed tips, emerging from small lobe located anteriorly to dorsal cirrophore (Fig. 3A–B, 4B). Neuropodia well-developed, subtriangular, from segment 5 (chaetiger 1) to last segments; pre-chaetal lobe developed, triangular with pointed, prominent tips; post-chaetal not so developed, triangular, shorter, prominent (Fig. 3A). Neurochaeta starting from segment 5 (chaetiger 1) to last segments of 2 types: (a) single stout, simple, long, slightly curved chaeta, with blunt tips, located closer to the neuroacicula (Fig. 3F, 4C); and (b) numerous (about 30–36 observed), slender, composite heterogomph falcigers with faintly serrated (Fig. 3C, E, 4G), tapering blades, with prolonged subdistal tooth and unidentate tips (Fig. 3C, E, 4F, H); medial blades at least 4 times longer than the inferiormost chaetae on fascicle, some with distinct, bigger or prolonged teeth series near base of blade (Fig. 3E, 4D–E); few (1–2 observed) inferiormost neurochaeta with elongated hood (Fig. 3C–D, 4I). All chaetae shafts, aciculae and hooks internally camerated (not drawn). Pygidium as simple ring, bulbous, termino-dorsally located; last 2 segments very reduced. Morphological variation: Few morphological variations were observed, for instance protruding hook appearing from segment 7 or 8 (chaetigers 3–4), occurred each case in half of analysed specimens. The number of distal papillae in the proboscis varied from 20 to 27 and seems to be linked to age-size (2 worms with everted proboscis). Few specimens in bad conditions presented the protruding hook accompanied externally by the internal acicula appearing to have “2 protruding hooks”. The holotype presented one segment with pre-chaetal lobe having slightly bifurcate tips in anterior region while the additional material 7 MNHN-IA-PNT 88 presented pre-chaetal lobe with bifurcate tips in few anterior segments. Furthermore, some specimens presented crenulated post-chaetal lobes without defined pattern, probably linked to an artefact of fixation. Etymology: The new species is named in honour of Dr. Pierre Legendre (Université de Montréal) for his many contributions to marine ecology and deep-sea research. Genetic data: DNA sequencing, for holotype and paratypes 1 and 2, was successful for 16S (404 to 421 bp length) and COI (504 to 687 bp length). Intraspecific variation for COI divergence was of 0.0% (Table 2). điagonal) anđ p-đistance (below điagonal) in MEGA7. ……continued on the next page ……continued on the next page Distribution: Grotto edifice within Main Endeavour vent field (Juan de Fuca Ridge; 2196 m depth). Ecological notes: Lelièvre et al. (2018) provided the first characterization of the biodiversity, community structure and trophic ecology in Grotto hydrothermal edifice (Main Endeavour, Juan de Fuca Ridge) which showed a site dominated by dense populations of tubeworms Ridgeia piscesae. Associated to this species, 35 other taxa can be found as well, mainly represented by gastropods and polychaetes, along the 6 sampled stations in this study. Among the 19 species of polychaetes observed associated to Ridgeia piscesae, Hesiospina legendrei sp. nov. was found in 3 out of 6 sampled stations with abundance varying between 9.8 and 14.3 ind.m -2. The same study found highest δ15N values and suggested the new species H. legendrei sp. nov. being among the top predators in the benthic food web. Remarks: Together with Hesiospina aurantiaca and H. vestimentifera, H. legendrei sp. nov. is the third species described in the genus. Hesiospina aurantiaca —which lives mostly in shallow waters of the Atlantic, Caribbean, and western Pacific—can be easily differentiated from the hydrothermal vent taxa (H. vestimentifera and H. legendrei sp. nov.) by the presence of a protruding hook distally curved, elongate palpostyles, eyes present, proboscis unarmed and absence of papillae in basal part of proboscis (Pleijel 2004). Hesiospina vestimentifera and H. legendrei sp. nov. are both found in hydrothermal vent environments and share similarities such as: protruding hook slightly curved, ovoid palpostyle, eyes absent, proboscis with jaws and presence of papillae in basal part of proboscis. However, H. legendrei sp. nov. can be differentiated from H. vestimentifera, by having a sac-like structure (Fig. 2A–B) present ventro-laterally in proboscis (absent in H. vestimentifera). Furthermore, H. legendrei sp. nov. differs from H. vestimentifera, in having a greater number of distal papillae (about 20–27 observed) versus 13–14 (Blake 1985) or 10–15 (Pleijel 2004), notopodial hook from segment 7–8 (chaetigers 3–4) instead of segment 8–9 (chaetigers 4–5), and notopodia lobes with multiple slender aciculae in only the first 5 segments instead of the first 4 segments in H. vestimentifera. The elongate hood present in very few composite neurochaetae in H. legendrei sp. nov. seems to be a unique character among this genus but it should be investigated in the other species because it was rarely observed in our specimens. Moreover, genetic divergences support the new species with high Kimura 2-parameter distance (K2P) and p-distance for COI gene (Table 2) varying respectively from 12.9 % and 11.8% between H. legendrei sp. nov. and H. cf. vestimentifera sp. 3 GR-2017 to 22.0% and 18.8% between H. legendrei sp. nov. and H. vestimentifera. It needs to be highlighted here two observations: (a) the type locality of H. vestimentifera is Gálapagos Rift (Blake 1985) but the only available DNA sequence was provided from one specimen sampled in Tui Malila, Lau Basin (about 1900 m depth; Pleijel et al. 2012); and (b) extreme values were observed between the sequence identified as H. cf. aurantiaca MB-2010 and all others resulting in the exclusion of the COI sequence from this species of phylogenetic analysis.

Genus Hesiospina Imajima & Hartman 1964. Type species: Kefersteinia similis Hessle 1925. Diagnosis (based on Pleijel 1998, 2004): Number of segments variable. Prostomium about rectangular. Facial tubercle present or absent. Palps biarticuled; palpophores well developed; palpostyles ovoid or tapered. Median antenna absent; paired antenna present. Two pairs of eyes present or absent. Nuchal organs middorsally coalescing. Lip glands absent. Terminal ring of proboscis with more than 10 papillae; ventral incision absent; dorsal and ventral jaws plates present or absent. Enlarged dorsal cirri on segments 1–5, from segment 6 (chaetiger 1) dorsal cirri long; enlarged ventral cirri on segments 1–4. Protruding notopodial hooks present from median segments; notochaetae absent. Neuropodial lobe and neurochaetae present from segment 5 (chaetiger 1); blades of compound neurochaetae with uni- or bidentate tips. Ventral cirri inserted subdistally. Pygidium as a simple ring or cone with pair of anal cirri.