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As a part of round robin analysis to develop a finite element elastic-plastic seismic analysis procedure for nuclear safety class 1 components, a series of parametric analyses was carried out on the simulated pressurizer surge line system model to investigate sensitivity of the analysis results to finite element analysis variables. The analysis on the surge line system model considered dynamic effect due to the seismic load corresponding to PGA 0.6 g and elastic-plastic material behavior based on the Chaboche combined hardening model. From the parametric analysis results, it was found that strains such as accumulated equivalent plastic strain and equivalent plastic strain are more sensitive to the analysis variables than von Mises effect stress. The parametric analysis results also identified that finite element density and ovalization option in the elbow elements have more significant effect on the analysis results than the other variables.

The NUREG/CR-6909, which had provided the technical background for the Environmental Fatigue Evaluation (EFE), was revised in May 2018 to incorporate the Japan Nuclear Energy Safety organization (JNES)’s extensive fatigue ε-N data and to address concerns from interested stakeholders over the original NUREG/CR-6909. But the revised NUREG/CR-6909 sets limit of the temperature ranges to 325°C for the application of the environmental fatigue correction factor (Fen). Therefore, the revised NUREG/CR-6909-based EFE is not applicable to the materials whose temperatures are higher than 325°C. In this paper, Monte Carlo simulations have been performed to determine the transformed temperatures over 325°C for the materials which are not covered in the revised NUREG/CR-6909. To determine the distributions of fatigue lives in LWR environments, Monte Carlo simulations were performed using the fatigue life models in the LWR environments and transformed parameters provided in the revised NUREG/CR-6909 and JNES-SS-1005. The transformed parameters which affect the fatigue lives in the LWR environments were selected randomly using the uniform distribution. And a total of 100,000 simulations were performed for each material. The distributions of fatigue lives in LWR environments obtained from Monte Carlo simulations were fit to lognormal curves to estimate the cumulative distributions. The estimated cumulative distributions were individually determined in the temperature ranges of 100 ∼ 325°C and 325 ∼ 350°C to investigate the temperature effects (FT,effect) over 325°C. The temperature effect is defined as ratio of fatigue lives in the LWR environments in the temperature range of 100 ∼ 325°C to that in the temperature range of 325 ∼ 350°C in this paper. As a result of reviewing the temperature effects between the revised NUREG/CR-6909 and JNES-SS-1005, the transformed temperatures over 325°C for each material have been suggested for the application of the revised NUREG/CR-6909.

Thermal stratification-induced stresses could lead to a serious failure and fatigue crack on piping systems. U.S. NRC Bulletin 88-08 [1] requires to investigate which unisolable pipings are subjected to the thermal stratification and to demonstrate compliance with applicable code limits during the piping design stage by incorporating the thermal stratification-induced stresses into the fatigue evaluation. In this paper, the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analyses considering both the out-leakage case by turbulent penetration and the in-leakage case by valve leakage were performed for the unisolable portion of the Direct Vessel Injection (DVI) piping between the reactor vessel nozzle and the first check valve to determine the change of temperature gradient on the pipe wall as a function of time due to the thermal stratification. And then the CFD-based temperature distributions on the pipe wall at each time interval were transformed as input data for the structural analysis to evaluate the stresses induced by the global bending moments and local stresses by the thermal stratification of the DVI piping. The localized thermal stratification stress intensities were directly extracted from the 3-D model using the ANSYS program and were categorized as the three stress terms induced by ΔT1, ΔT2, and Ta - Tb defined in NB-3600 of ASME B&PV Sec. III [2], but including thermal stratification effects herein for the fatigue analysis. To evaluate the air environment- and LWR environment-based fatigue damages for the DVI piping, the bending moments and three local stress terms due to the thermal stratification were incorporated into the fatigue analysis. NB-3200/-3600 of ASME B&PV Sec. III- and Regulatory Guide 1.207-based cumulative usage factors [3, 4] were compared with each other to investigate the effects of fatigue damages considering the thermal stratification in the air and light water reactor (LWR) environments.

Mineral oil has been widely used as an insulating oil for electrical transformers for a long time, but the necessity of employ- ing new insulation oil such as vegetable oil has been increased due to urgent needs for the biodegradability when it leaks and also for the thermal stability at a higher operation temperature. Although specific periods are required between the pro- duction and consumption, there are still short of the data to prove the insulation oils' storage stability depending upon various circumstances and their resources. Thus, this paper demonstrates the insulation oils' oxidation characteristics of both mineral and vegetable oils when each was exposed to different environments for 12 weeks. From this test, some properties including total acid number, water content and dielectric breakdown were changed under specific conditions and resources. Vegetable oils showed higher hydrophilicity and water saturation than those of mineral oils due to their molecular compositions. Under sunlight exposure condition, all insulation oils oxidized and changed their properties when exposing to the direct light, regard- less of the resource used.

This study evaluates the efficacy of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl 4 ) on phosphorus (P) removal in synthetic wastewater. Jar test experiments were performed at various TiCl 4 concentration (0.25-0.59 mM), and intensities of slow (30-60 rpm) and rapid (100-250 rpm) mixings to determine the conditions at which P removal was most efficient. The P-removal efficiency was highest (about 99%) at TiCl 4 concentration ([TiCl 4 ])=0.39 mM with rapid-mixing intensity=100 rpm and slow-mixing intensity=30 rpm. The slow-mixing intensity was more sensitive than the rapid-mixing intensity to the P removal efficiency when [TiCl 4 ] was low (0.25≤[TiCl 4 ]≤0.27 mM). Key Words : Coagulation, Mixing Intensity, pH, Phosphorus, Titanium Tetrachloride 요약: 본 연구는 TiCl 4 의 농도(0.25-0.59 mM)와 급속교반속도(100-250 rpm), 완속교반속도(30-60 rpm)의 변화가 인 제거효율에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 응집제 농도가 0.25≤[TiCl 4 ]≤0.39 mM 범위에서 인 제거 효율은 TiCl 4 의 농도가 증가할수록 증가하였으며 처리후 인의 농도는 0.2 mg/L 이하였다. 응집제 농도 0.39 mM, 급속교반속도 100 rpm, 완속교반속도 30 rpm에서 인 제거효율이 약 99%로 가장 높았다. TiCl

At low temperature, Wax build-up and settling can affect adversely the cold weather performance of the diesel vehicle. In this study, we test the cold properties of diesel by blending ratio of biodiesel, kerosene and WAFI. Also, we test the cold weather performance for diesel vehicle by fuel cold properties. Cold properties of diesel are improved by adding the WAFI, kerosene and get worse by adding the biodiesel. WAFI is effective to improve a cold filter plugging point(CFPP) and Kerosene is effective to improve a cloud point(CP). CFPP and pour point(PP) are related to cold weather performance of diesel vehicle but CP is unrelated. CFPP indicate a limit temperature of vehicle driving possibility.

Bio diesel has advantages to reduce GHG(Greenhouse Gas) compare with the fossil fuel by using oil comes from plant/animal sources and even waste such as used cook oil. The diversity of energy feeds brings the positive effects to secure the national energy mix. In this circumstance, micro-algae is one of the prospective source, though some technical barriers. We analyzed the bio diesel which was derived from Dunaliella tertiolecta LB999 through the BD100 quality specifications designated by the law. From that result, it is revealed that the oxidation stability is one of the properties to be improved. In order to find the reason for low oxidation stability, we analyzed the oxidation tendency of each FAME components through some meth- ods(EN 14111, EN14112, EN16091). In this study, we could find the higher double bond FAME portion, the more oxidative property(C18:1

A Comparative Analysis on Alexithymia, Rumination, Depression and Somatic Symptoms by Sasang Constitution in Geoje area Bong-Hee Lee, Woo-Kyeong Lee Jagyeong Korean Medicine Clinic, Department of Counseling Psychology, Seoul Cyber University Objectives This study was to examine the differences on alexithymia, rumination, depression and somatic symptoms by each Sasang constitution, and aimed at combining the psychological construct with Korean medical treatment. Methods One hundred eighty men and women aged from 20 to 69 who reside in Geoje-si were selected, and data from 173 people consisting of the three constitutions―Soyangin(39), Taeeumin(83), and Soeumin(51), excepted the minority sample of Taeyangin(7 people)―were analyzed. Collected data were analyzed and tested by IBM SPSS Statistics 20: frequency analysis for demographic data; t-test for gender differences; one-way ANOVA for differences among three constitutions; and Pearson correlation analysis for the correlation between variables. Results The result of t-test taken for the gender differences between variables was not significant. According to the result of one-way ANOVA conducted by different Sasang constitutions, no variables showed a significant result except that of alexithymia. The correlation analysis showed that the alexithymia had positive correlation with rumination, depression, and somatic symptoms. Rumination was in positive correlation with depression and somatic symptoms. Especially, depression had high positive correlation with somatization symptoms. Among the variables analyzed by each constitution, only the survey result of the alexithymia was significant. Conclusions Given that each constitution showed different levels of the alexithymia, it can be concluded that therapeutic intervention in the treatment for the Taeeumin who shows a high level of alexithymia is needed to improve their emotional recognition and expression. In this context, application of program which focus on the emotional ability such as emotion coaching to the Korean medical treatment is expected to improve alexithymia, depression, and somatic symptoms.

In order to identify positive or negative effect of seawall on wind turbine, a wind tunnel experiment has been conducted with a 1/100 scaled-down model of Goonsan wind farm which is located in West coast along seawall. Wind speedup due to the slope of seawall contributed to about 3% increment of area-averaged wind speed on rotor-plane of a wind turbine which is anticipated to augment wind power generation. From the turbulence measurement and flow visualization, it was confirmed that there would be no negative effect due to flow separation because its influence is confined below wind turbine blades' sweeping height.

Korea Institute of Petroleum Management,653-1 Yangchung-ri, Ochang-eup, Chungwon-gun,Choongbuk, 363-883, Korea*Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungbuk National University, 410 Seongbong-ro, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Korea(Received November 20, 2012 ; Revised January 10, 2013 ; Accepted January 17, 2013)Abstract − Dimethyl ether (DME) has a high cetane number that is suitable for diesel fuel. DME does not containsulfur or nitrogen , and is an oxygenated fuel so it produces no particulate matter when combusted and isenvironmentally friendly. DME fuel for diesel engines show excellent material properties such as a lower vol-umetric heating value, lower boiling point, lower lubricity, and stronger solvent effect than light oil. This studyexperimentally examined a lubricity improver (LI) for dimethyl ether. A diesel LI based on biodiesel and fattyacid methyl ester was tested among DME LI candidates. The long-term storage stability and physical propertiesof the optimum LI for DME were determined.Keywords − dimethyl ether(디메틸에테르), lubricity(윤활성), additive(첨가제)

In this study, extreme wind speeds were estimated from the Korea wind map in order to ensure the structural safety of wind turbines. Fifteen major wind farm sites in Korea were selected as target locations for the study. The daily and monthly maximum wind speeds for a three-year span (2005–2007) were extracted from the time-series wind speed of the numerical analysis data obtained at a height of 80 m above ground, and were converted into average times of 3 s and 600 s. The Gumbel and Weibull distributions were used as the probability distribution models for the extreme values, from which the extreme wind speeds were estimated. In order to ascertain the accuracy of the extreme values estimated from the numerical analysis data, they were compared with the extreme values obtained from actual field measurement data collected at a height of 30 m above ground. The results of the comparison indicated that the extreme values for both the numerical analysis data and the field measurement data were identical. The results also showed that the Gumbel distribution model predicts the extreme wind speeds more accurately than the Weibull distribution model does. Therefore, it was decided that the monthly maximum wind speed would be selected to estimate extreme wind speeds for extreme values. Extreme values estimated from the field measurement data at 30 m high above ground. After the comparison, it was found that there was an agreement in the extreme values from both the numerical analysis data and the field measurement data. So, it was more reliable to use the Gumbel distribution as the model of extreme wind speeds than the Weibull distribution, and therefore, it was decided to select the monthly maximum wind speed in order to estimate the extreme wind speeds for extreme values.

ABS와 폴리에틸렌(Polyethylene, PE) 및 ABS-PE 혼합물의 저온열분해를 회분식 반응기를 이용하여 상압 및 450˚C 에서 실행하였다. 열분해 시간은 20~80분까지 하였고 열분해로 생성된 성분은 지식경제부에서 고시한 증류성상온도에 따라 가스, 가솔린, 등유, 경유, 중유로 분류하였다. ABS와 PE의 혼합 폐플라스틱의 열분해 전환율은 PE의 함량이 증 가할수록 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 열분해생성물의 수율은 PE의 함량이 높을수록 중유 > 가스 > 가솔린 > 경유 > 등유 순으로 회수되었다.

The cardiac conduction system is a complex network of cells that together orchestrate the rhythmic and coordinated depolarization of the heart. Dysfunction of the cardiac conduction system plays a central role in the pathogenesis of arrhythmia. While much progress has been made understanding cardiomyocyte differentiation, the molecular mechanisms regulating the specification and patterning of cells that form this conductive network is largely unknown. The LIM-homeodomain transcription factor ISL1 is highly expressed in the secondary heart field (SHF) progenitor population that makes a substantial contribution to the developing heart, comprising most cells in the right ventricle, both atria and pacemaker cells. Pacemaker cells comprise the most proximal component of the cardiac conduction system, which have been proposed as the source of most arrhythmogenic events. Their dominance on other spontaneous beating cell types makes them a suitable target for pharmacologic compounds, making access to this cell lineage necessary for the study of new therapeutic agents. To identify the signaling pathways that control the differentiation of human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived SHF cells into pacemaker cells, we performed RNA sequencing to compare the hESC-derived ISL1 + population, non-enriched population and undifferentiated hESCs. Furthermore, using a small molecule screen we identified compounds that can improve differentiation of hESCs toward pacemaker cells. Pathway analysis identified the Wnt pathway as the most significant regulator of SHF specification. Further differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells by stage-specific activation of BMP and WNT signaling pathways resulted in phenotypic pacemaker cells, which display morphological characteristics. More than 80% of these cells stained positively for HCN4, Contactin2(CNTN2) and GATA6, key markers of pacemaker cells. The differentiated cells express pacemaker markers, including CNTN2, TBX2, TBX3, HCN4, TBX18, GATA6 indicated by qRT-PCR. They show inward potassium currents through HCN channels in patch clamp experiments. Our data provides a new strategy to obtain human cardiac conduction cells in large scale for disease modeling, drug screening and cell therapy.

ABS 수지의 반응온도 및 반응시간에 따른 저온 열분해를 연구하기 위하여 ABS 수지의 저온열분해를 회분식 반응기를 이용하여 상압하에서 425~500℃ 영역에서 수행하였다. 열분해 시간은 20~80분까지 하였고 열분해로 생성된 성분은 지식경제부에서 고시한 증류성상온도에 따라 가스, 가솔린, 등유, 경유, 중유로 분류하였다. ABS 수지의 열분해에서 80% 이상의 전환율을 얻기 위해서는 반응온도 500℃ 이상에서 반응시간 60분 이상을 유지하여야 한다. 최종적으로 생성된 분해유는 가스 중유 > 가솔린 > 경유 > 등유 순으로 나타났으며, 온도와 반응시간이 증가함에 따라 중유 및 경유 성분이 늘어났다.

In this paper, the RFID / USN-based ad-hoc network structure is presented for efficient operation of a container terminal yard. Communication between fixed or mobile devices in the container terminal yard is accomplished through the ad-hoc node, to collect the status information of a container in real time. Any outside shipper of the container as well as central server allows to share the status information of a container through ad-hoc communication. In addition, to predict the maximum wireless transmission range of nodes by RFID tag position in the yard, LAODV (Location based AODV) routing protocol is proposed. The validity is proved by performance evaluation via computer simulation.

The objective of this study is to determine the best material model that represents the deformation behavior of the Sn37Pb solder alloy accurately. First, a specimen is fabricated and subjected to a thermal cycle with temperatures ranging from the room temperature to . An experiment is conducted to examine deformation by Moire interferometry. Three different constitutive equation models are used in the finite element analysis (FEA) of the thermal cycle. In order to minimize the difference between the FEA results and the experimental results, the material parameters of the solder alloy are considered to be unknown and are determined by conducting optimization. As a result of the study, the Anand model is found to represent the deformation behavior of the solder most accurately.

초록: 본논문에서는제작이용이한십자형구조를기본구조로사용하여판스프링고정단을가진유연한6축로드셀을설계하였다. 이를위하여유한요소법해석을이용하여강체고정단과판스프링고정단에대한변형분석을하였으며이로부터특성이우수한6축힘/토크센서를설계하였다. 변형률분포를이용하여각축의하중에대한출력변형률이비슷한수준이되도록스트레인게이지위치를정하고상호간섭변형률이최소화되도록이들로연결된브리지회로를구성하였다. 강체고정단대신에스프링판고정단을이용하면고정경계부의조건을변화시킬수있어서십자형로드셀의특성을획기적으로개선시킬수있었다. 치수변경을통하여설계된6축로드셀에대한상호간섭오차는모든축에서0으로계산되었으며각축에서발생하는출력변형률값도400 µm/m의비슷한수준으로결정되었다.Abstract: This paper describes the design process of a six-component force/torque (F/T) sensor. The new six-component F/T sensor having leaf spring ends has been developed using a cross beam structure as the basic sensingelement. Fundamental strain analysis of both ends fixed beam having a leaf spring structure is performed by finiteelement analysis. In order to obtain similar output sensing strains from the six component loads and minimizecoupling strains, the optimal location of strain gages is determined and the strain gages are connected so that thebridge circuits with four strain gages would be balanced. Using leaf spring ends instead of rigid fixed ends,remarkable increment in output sensing strain can be achieved for two component forces. Several modifications indesign result in a similar sensing strain of approximately 400 µm/m for the six-component forces and moments, anda reduced coupling strain of 0 µm/m between the forces and moments.

： In this paper, the flow characteristics through an industrial safety relief valve used to protect the crankcase room in a large-sized marine engi ne have been numerically investigated using the moving-mesh strategy. With t he room pressure higher than the cracking one, the spring-loaded disc becomes op en and then the air in the room blows off into the atmosphere, resulting in the reduction of the room pressure and then the shutoff of the disc. Numerical simulations are performed on the compressible air flow through the relief valve ( mm) with the initial room pressure (bar or bar) higher than the cracking one ( bar). The numerical method has been validated by comparing the results with the empirical ones . Results show that the disc motion and flow characteristics can be successfully simulated using the moving-mesh strategy and depend strongly on the spring stiffnes s and the flow passage shape. With increasing spring stiffness, the maximum disc displ acement decreases and thus the total disc-opening time also decreases. In addition, t he flow passage shape makes a significant effect on the velocity and direction of the flow.

Purpose c-fos expression in spinal neurons that are activated by lower urinary tract stimulation are not organ specific. In this experiment, we demonstrated changes of c-fos expression in bladder-specific preganglionic neurons (PGNs) and interneurons using pseudorabies virus (PRV). Materials and Methods Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were used. We identified the neuronal pathway associated with the bladder by injecting PRV into the detrusor. An immunohistochemical method was used to stain Fos-protein encoded by the c-fos gene. Immunofluorescent staining for PRV was performed to evaluate changes in bladder-specific spinal neurons. Results Immunofluorescent staining with choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) revealed that the sacral parasympathetic nucleus (SPN) regions contained 9.8 PGNs/section. In rats with chronic spinal cord injury by intravesical saline instillation, 82.4 ± 10.3% of PGNs in SPN exhibited Fos-immunoreactive (IR). Two and a half days after PRV infection, PRV-IR PGNs were observed at 5.4 PGNs/ section, and 2.7 ± 1.6% of them exhibited Fos-IR. Unlike ChAT-IR PGNs, PRV-IR PGNs are bladder-specific neurons and PRV-IR and Fos-IR cells found in the back of PRV-IR PGNs are bladder-specific interneurons. Three days after PRV infection, we observed many PRV-IR and Fos-IR cells in the dorsal commissure. These neurons are interneurons distributed in the bladder. Conclusion We confirmed that in chronic spinal cord injury, the patterns of c-fos expression in bladder-specific spinal neurons were similar to those in voiding-reflex related spinal neurons, which had already been demonstrated earlier. We believe that our methodology can be applied to study interactions between voiding and other organs as well, such as the urethra and prostate.

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are artificial materials containing recognition sites with high affinity and selectivity. This study aims to immobilize MIPs on the surface of carbon nanotube (CNT) in an effort to develop biosensor system based on CNT transistor using MIPs as a probe material. As a linking molecule of MIPs to CNT, acrylated Tween 20 was synthesized by reacting Tween 20 with acryloyl chloride, and then immobilized on CNT by hydrophobic interactions. 1 H NMR and FT-IR spectra confirmed the synthesis of acrylated Tween 20. MIPs were formed for theophylline as a model template on the surface of CNT with methacrylic acid (functional monomer) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (crosslinking agent) using a photografting polymerization technique. The adsorbed layer of 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone initiated a radical polymerization near the surface by UV-light irradiation. AFM images displayed the formation of MIPs on CNT with a size less than 10 nm. The theophylline-imprinted polymer on CNT showed higher binding capacity for theophylline than non-imprinted polymer (NIP) on CNT and selectivity for theophylline over caffeine (similar structure molecules).

Protein of relevant evolutionary and lymphoid interest (PRELI) is known for preventing apoptosis by mediating intramitochondrial transport of phosphatidic acid. However, the role of PRELI remains unclear. This study has demonstrated functions of PRELI through PRELI-knockdown in hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells exposed to oxidative stress by hydrogen peroxide. Results show that PRELI has three functions in HepG2 cells with regard to oxidative stress. First, PRELI affects expressional regulation of SOD-1 and caspase-3 genes in HepG2 cells. PRELI knockdown HepG2 cells have shown up-regulation of caspase-3 and down-regulation of SOD-1. Second, PRELI suppresses mitochondrial apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Fluorescence intensity related to mitochondrial apoptosis in PRELI-knockdown HepG2 cells increased more than two-fold compared to normal HepG2 cells. Third, PRELI suppresses senescence of HepG2 cells with oxidative stress. PRELI knockdown HepG2 cells showed higher levels of senescence than normal HepG2 cells. These results suggest that PRELI is a crucial protein in the suppression of apoptosis in HepG2 cells in response to oxidative stress.

No abstract available

Ralstonia eutropha ATCC 17699 was grown to produce poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co -4-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB- co -4HB)] from fructose and γ-butyrolactone. Through flask cultures, it was found that R. eutropha cells were inhibited by high concentrations of fructose (more than 20 g/L) and γ-butyrolactone (more than 6 g/L). The 4HB fraction could be increased from 37.9 to 53.7 mol% by adding small amount (2 g/L) of acetate or propionate as a stimulator. Fed-batch cultures (DO-stat and constant feeding) were carried out to improve cell and PHA concentration. In the first step, cells were grown to 38–48 g/L by DO-stat feeding of fructose. Nitrogen limitation was applied and the fructose feed was replaced with the mixture of fructose and γ-butyrolactone. The effects of γ-butyrolactone to fructose ratio in the second step feeding solution were examined. As the ratio increased, 4HB fraction increased, while cell and PHA concentration, PHA content, and productivity decreased. The results obtained were in the range of 33.6–49.1 g/L of cell concentration, 13.8–24.4 g/L of PHA concentration, 38.8–50.2% of PHA content, 1.64–25.2 mol% of 4HB fraction, and 0.32–0.55 g/L/h of productivity.

The congestive heart failure is known as one of the most popular cause of human death. The purpose of this study were to identify the CNS pathway innervating heart after reconstruction using latissimus dorsi muscle by using the pseudorabies virus injection into the hippocampus after entorhinal cortex lesions.The pseudorabies virus labelled neurons were distributed at several different nuclei including paraventricular nucleus. No significant morphological changes were observed in the CNS heart innervation after reconstruction. These data suggested that the CNS innervation showed no morphological changes throughout the whole brain areas after heart reconstruction.

A transcritical flow occurs when the width and slope of a channel are varying abruptly. In this study, the transcritical flow in a two-dimensional open channel is analyzed by using the shallow-water equations. A weighted average flux scheme that has flux limiter with a total variation diminishing condition is introduced for a second-order accuracy in time and space, and non- spurious oscillations at discontinuous points. A HLLC method with three wane speeds is employed to calculate the Riemann problem. To overcome difficulties resulting from variation of channel sections in a two-dimensional analysis of transcritical flow, the numerical model is developed based on a generalized grid system.

A boundary element method with a Lagrangian approach and B-spline technique is employed to investigate characteristics of solitary waves attacking on beach slopes. By comparing numerical solutions with available laboratory measurements, it is shown that the maximum run-up heights of the present model are more agreeable than those of the existing numerical model. Variations of run-up heights and velocity vectors for different slopes are also described. Characteristics of hydrodynamic pressure acting beach slopes are investigated in detail.

This paper proposes a thick oxide air-bridge structure which can be used as a substrate for RF circuits. The structure was fabricated by anodic reaction, complex oxidation and micromachining technology using TMAH etching. High quality films were obtained by combining low temperature thermal oxidation (, 1 hr at ) and rapid thermal oxidation (RTO) process (, 2 min). This structure is mechanically stable because of thick oxide layer up to and is expected to solve the problem of high dielectric loss of silicon substrate in RF region. The properties of the transmission line formed on the oxidized porous silicon (OPS) air-bridge were investigated and compared with those of the transmission line formed on the OPS layers. The insertion loss of coplanar waveguide (CPW) on OPS air-bridge was (about 2dB) lower than that of CPW on OPS layers. Also, the return loss of CPW on OPS air-bridge was less than about -20 dB at measured frequency region for 2.2 mm. Therefore, this technology is very promising for extending the use of CMOS circuitry to higher RF frequencies.

Hot Gas Desulfurizarion for IGCC is a new method to efficiently remove H2S in fuel gas with regenerable sorbents at high temperature and high-pressure conditions. The Korea Institute of Energy Research did operation of sulfidation in a desulfurizer and regeneration in a regenerator simultaneously at high pressure and high temperature conditions. The H2S concentration at exit was maintained continuously below 50ppmv at 11,000 ppmv of inlet H2S concentration. The sorbent had little effect on the reducing power in the inlet gas in the range from 11% to 33% of H2. As inlet H2S concentration was increased, H2S concentration in the product gas was also increased linearly. The sorbent was maintained at low sulfur level by the continuous regeneration and the continuous solid circulation at the rate of 1.58× 10−3 kg/s with little mean particle size change.

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are associated with the pathogenesis of various diseases. AGEs induce excess accumulation of extracellular matrix and expression of profibrotic cytokines. In addition, studies on receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) have shown that the ligand-RAGE interaction activates several intracellular signaling cascades associated with several fibrotic diseases. We investigated the expression of AGEs and RAGE in samples from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP). Lung tissues and plasma samples from patients with IPF (n=10), NSIP (n=10), and control subjects (n=10) were obtained. Expression of AGEs and RAGE was determined by immunofluorescence assay of lung tissue. Circulating AGEs were measured by Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Lungs with IPF showed strong expression for both AGEs and RAGE compared to that in NSIP and controls. However, no difference in AGE or RAGE expression was observed in lungs with NSIP compared to that in the controls. Levels of circulating AGEs also increased significantly in lungs of patients with IPF compared to those with NSIP and normal control. Increased AGE-RAGE interaction may play an important role in the pathogenesis of IPF.