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19 results on '"Bonfils, E"'

3. [Suicide among the French National Police forces: Implication of life events and life trajectories]

Author

ENCRENAZ, Gaëlle, MIRAS, A., CONTRAND, B., SÉGUIN, M., MOULKI M., QUEINE, C R., RENÉ J-S, FÉRIOT, A, MOUGIN, M., BONFILS, M., MARIEN, P., MICHEL, G., LAGARD, E E., MIRAS, M., SÉGUIN, G., MOULKI, P., BONFILS, E., MARIEN, E., MICHEL, E., Centre de droit comparé du travail et de la sécurité sociale (COMPTRASEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Epidémiologie et Biostatistique [Bordeaux], and Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
Adult, Male, Autopsie psychologique, Mental Disorders, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Middle Aged, Trajectoire de vie, Police, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Life Change Events, Suicide, Mental Health, Socioeconomic Factors, Life trajectory, Humans, Female, Autopsy, France, Marriage, Stress, Psychological, Psychological autopsy
Abstract

International audience; Research indicates that suicide rates are high among members of law enforcement. Our objectives were: (1) to determine life events implicated in suicide mortality among French law enforcement; and (2) to describe the different life trajectories of police officers who deceased by suicide.; All suicides of police officers which occurred during 2008 (n=49) were explored using the psychological autopsy method. Key informants were: a supervisor, a colleague and a member of the family or a close friend. Each of them were interviewed by trained psychologists using standardized questionnaires exploring: sociodemographic characteristics, life events, social integration and support, health service use, mental health with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview short form (CIDI-SF), occupational stress with the Spielberger Inventory, impulsiveness with the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale and aggressiveness with the Brown-Goodwin Lifetime Aggression Scale. Information was then summarized in a timetable life trajectory of all life areas. All cases were finally appraised by at least two experts in order to identify the determinants of the suicide and to determine psychiatric diagnoses. For each period of time, a burdensomeness score was determined, from 6 (no adversity) to 1 (adversities in each sphere of life).; Of the 49 cases of suicide, two were excluded and 39 were investigated and appraised (response rate: 39/47=83%). Eighty-two percent of the suicide cases were men and the mean age at death was 35years. In more than half of the cases, police officers used their service weapon to commit suicide. All deceased police officers were suffering from mental health symptoms (primarily depression). Of them, two thirds had used healthcare for this distress. The main other cause of suicide was problems in the married life (70% of the cases). Four distinct types of life trajectories of adversities could be identified by a qualitative analysis.; It is the first time such a study was performed in France, and results are concordant with those of the literature. This study showed that all deceased police officers were suffering from mental disorders and that there was not one single profile of life trajectory: screening and support of police officers in distress need to be prioritized. Moreover, results suggested that the availability of the service weapon during off-duty periods should be reconsidered. This study helped the Home ministry to elaborate and improve strategies to prevent suicide among police officers.

Published
2016

11. The stability of duplexes involving AT and/or G4EtC base pairs is not dependent on their AT/G4EtC ratio content. Implication for DNA sequencing by hybridization.

Author

Nguyen, H K, Bonfils, E, Auffray, P, Costaglioli, P, Schmitt, P, Asseline, U, Durand, M, Maurizot, J C, Dupret, D, and Thuong, N T

Abstract

Sequencing by the recently reported hybridization technique requires the formation of DNA duplexes with similar stabilities. In this paper we describe a new strategy to obtain DNA duplexes with a thermal stability independent of their AT/GC ratio content. Melting data were acquired on 35 natural and 27 modified duplexes of a given length and of varying base compositions. Duplexes built with AT and/or G4EtC base pairs exhibit a thermal stability restrained to a lower range of temperature than that of the corresponding natural compounds (16 instead of 51 degrees C). The 16 degrees C difference in thermal stability observed between the least stable and the most stable duplex built with AT and/or G4EtC base pairs is mainly due to the sequence effect and not to their AT/G4EtC ratio content. Thus N -4-ethyl-2'-deoxycytidine (d4EtC) hybridizes specifically with natural deoxyguanosine leading to a G4EtC base pair whose stability is very close to that of the natural AT base pair. Oligonucleotide probes involving d4EtC can be easily prepared by chemical synthesis with phosphoramidite chemistry. Modified DNA targets were successfully amplified by random priming or PCR techniques using d4EtCTP, dATP, dGTP and dTTP in the presence of DNA polymerase. This new system might be very useful for DNA sequencing by hybridization.

Published
1998
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12. Synthesis and Binding Properties of Oligonucleotides Covalently Linked to an Acridine Derivative:  New Study of the Influence of the Dye Attachment Site

Author

Asseline, U., Bonfils, E., Dupret, D., and Thuong, N. T.

Abstract

2-Methoxy-6-chloro-9-aminoacridine has been coupled via a polymethylene linker to various positions of an oligonucleotide chain:  the 3‘-position, using a new universal support, the 5‘-position, and both 5‘- and 3‘-positions via a phosphate. The intercalating agent was also linked to the oligonucleotide chain via an internucleotide phosphorothiolate. The mixture of diastereoisomers was obtained as well as each pure Rp and Sp isomer. Finally, the acridine moiety was introduced to the 5-position of the deoxyuridine. The binding properties of these oligonucleotide−acridine conjugates with their DNA counterparts have been studied by absorption spectroscopy.

Published
1996

13. Ornaments En Zinc

Author

L. Bonfils & E. Fesquet and L. Bonfils & E. Fesquet

Published
1900

16. Uptake by macrophages of a biotinylated oligo-alpha-deoxythymidylate by using mannosylated streptavidin.

Author

Bonfils E, Mendes C, Roche AC, Monsigny M, and Midoux P

Subjects
Animals, Bacterial Proteins chemical synthesis, Biotin chemical synthesis, Biotin metabolism, Cell Line, Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel, Endocytosis, Flow Cytometry, Mannosides chemical synthesis, Mice, Oligodeoxyribonucleotides chemical synthesis, Streptavidin, Thymidine Monophosphate chemical synthesis, Thymidine Monophosphate metabolism, Bacterial Proteins chemistry, Biotin analogs & derivatives, Macrophages metabolism, Mannosides chemistry, Oligodeoxyribonucleotides metabolism, Thymidine Monophosphate analogs & derivatives
Abstract

Streptavidin substituted with mannose residues increased by 20-fold the intracellular concentration of a biotinylated dodecakis(alpha-deoxythymidylate) in macrophages by comparison with the uptake of free oligodeoxynucleotide. Streptavidin, the bacterial homologue of the very basic avidin, which does not contain any carbohydrate moieties and is a neutral protein, was substituted with 12 mannose residues in order to be recognized and internalized by mannose-specific lectins on the surface of macrophages. A 3'-biotinylated and 5'-fluoresceinylated dodecakis (alpha-deoxythymidylate) was synthesized and bound onto mannosylated streptavidin. The conjugate was isolated, and by using flow cytometry, it was shown that the uptake of fluoresceinylated oligodeoxynucleotides bound to mannosylated streptavidin by macrophages is 20-fold higher than that of free oligodeoxynucleotides and that the uptake was competively inhibited by mannosylated serum albumin. Glycosylated streptavidin conjugates recognizing specific membrane lectins on different cells provide the possibility to target biotinylated antisense oligodeoxynucleotides and to increase the biological effect of these chemotherapeutic agents.

Published
1992
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17. Prognosis of epilepsy. Remission of seizures and relapse in 808 adult patients.

Author

Gerstle de Pasquet E, Bonnevaux de Toma S, Bainy JA, Bonfils E, Carvalho V, Espíndola E, and Gaudiano J

Subjects
Adult, Anticonvulsants therapeutic use, Electroencephalography, Epilepsy classification, Epilepsy drug therapy, Humans, Prognosis, Retrospective Studies, Uruguay, Epilepsy epidemiology
Abstract

In a retrospective study of 808 adult epileptic patients undertaken at the Neurological Institute of Montevideo, Uruguay, the rate of remission of seizures (three seizure-free years) was 32%, and that of relapse 39%. Remission occurred mostly during the first years after onset, and relapse during the first years after remission. Patients with generalized or partial seizures alone had a better prognosis than when both types coexisted. Patients with Petit Mal absences persisting after 14 years of age, had the lowest rate of remission. Mental status, abnormal neurological examination and age of onset showed no significant prognosis value. Remission and relapse was similar in cryptogenetic and symptomatic epilepsy. Genetic predisposition did not change the prognosis. Withdrawal of drugs after a minimal seizure-free period of three years produced a higher rate of relapse than when medication was continued. In the first EEG, only the existence of a slow background rhythm had an unfavorable prognosis. These results are compared with those of other series. It is concluded that the differing results can be attributed to a different selection of population and different methods of study. Anyway, several factors showed a similar influence on prognosis in the different series. As to indication for method of drug withdrawal after remission, and its influence on relapse, no definite conclusion can be drawn and a large, multicentric, methodical study on this topic is suggested.

Published
1981

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