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Proprioceptive training is crucial for enhancing coordination, balance, and injury prevention in athletes, especially in their developmental stages. This study investigates the application of the Gyko sensor for testing proprioceptive abilities in junior athletes. The Gyko sensor, a portable motion analysis device, provides real-time data on movement and postural control. The study assesses the effectiveness of proprioceptive training by analyzing parameters such as balance, stability, and joint positioning accuracy in young athletes. Results highlight the sensor's potential in monitoring improvements and tailoring individualized training programs to optimize athletic performance and reduce injury risk.

IntroductionFilipino Americans are one of the largest Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) populations in the United States (US). Previous studies suggest that Filipino Americans have one of the highest incidence rates of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) among AAPI subgroups. Despite the expected increase in Filipino Americans with ADRD, no studies to-date have validated neuropsychological measures in the United States for speakers of Tagalog, a major language spoken by Filipino Americans. A significant barrier to dementia care and diagnosis is the lack of linguistically and socioculturally appropriate cognitive tasks for Tagalog speakers. To address this need, we developed and piloted the Cognitive Assessment for Tagalog Speakers (CATS), the first neuropsychological battery for the detection of ADRD in Filipino American Tagalog speakers.MethodsBased on evidence-based neuropsychological batteries, we adapted and constructed de novo tasks to measure performance across 4 main cognitive domains: visual/verbal memory, visuospatial functioning, speech and language, and frontal/executive functioning. Tasks were developed with a team of bilingual English/Tagalog, bicultural Filipino American/Canadian experts, including a neurologist, speech-language pathologist, linguist, and neuropsychologist. We recruited Tagalog-speaking participants of age 50+ through social media advertisements and recruitment registries for this cross-sectional study. We present the CATS design and protocol.ResultsTo-date, the CATS battery has been administered to 26 healthy control participants (age 64.5 ± 7.8 years, 18F/8 M) at an academic institution in Northern California, United States. The development and administration of the CATS battery demonstrated its feasibility but also highlighted the need to consider the effects of bilingualism, language typology, and cultural factors in result interpretation.DiscussionThe CATS battery provides a mechanism for cognitive assessment of Filipino Americans, a population that has been underrepresented in ADRD research. As we move toward the treatment and cure of ADRD, linguistically and socioculturally appropriate cognitive tests become even more important for equitable care.

Proprioceptive training represents a contemporary dimension in athletic preparation, yielding significant performance enhancements for athletes around the globe. Our study aims to quantify the technical performance of the hurdle step via biomechanical analysis. This involves measuring kinematic parameters and their association with the enhancement of coordination abilities, derived from tailored proprioceptive training. By analyzing kinematic parameters and implementing a specialized motor program, we can enhance coordination abilities and rectify technical mistakes. This leads to improved grouping of the lower limbs, quicker transitions, as well as more stable and effective landings. Such improvements optimize the movement path of the body’s center of gravity towards the hurdle plane and ensure optimal spatial-temporal alignment for subsequent strides between hurdles.

Understanding the factors influencing professionals' commitment to suppliers when acquiring pesticide products is crucial in urban pest management. The study assesses how price, quality, trade credit, and supplier relationships impact commitment to purchasing pesticides. Employing partial least squares structural equation modelling, the study's findings indicate that when urban pest management professionals decide on pesticide purchases, their decisions are notably influenced by product price, the availability of trade credit, and product quality. Surprisingly, a positive relationship with suppliers does not influence their commitment to purchasing pesticides. This study discusses the variations and offers implications for managers in the Philippines.

Background: African-American and Latinx youth are disproportionately exposed to neighborhood violence and are overrepresented in the U.S. juvenile justice system. Perceived neighborhood violence is associated with negative health outcomes. Objective: We examined associations between African-American and Latinx youths' perceived neighborhood violence and health during reentry after juvenile incarceration. Methods: Youth (n = 50) returning home after incarceration completed health questionnaires at one-month post-incarceration. A subset of participants (n = 25 youth) also participated in one-on-one, semi-structured longitudinal interviews. Results: Twenty-eight (56%) participants reported neighborhood violence in quantitative surveys. Quantitative analyses revealed that perceived neighborhood violence was positively associated with reported asthma diagnosis, doctor recommendations for medical follow-up, perceived stress, and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Perceived neighborhood violence was negatively correlated with perceived family support. Stress ratings were associated with ACE total scores, moderate to severe depression symptoms, and family support. Moderate-to-severe depression symptoms were significantly correlated with lower ratings of family support. Qualitative interviews supplemented our quantitative findings and showed that responses to perceived neighborhood violence were linked to specific health-related behaviors, such as substance use or avoidance of gang activity. Conclusions: Overall, our quantitative and qualitative results indicate that perceived neighborhood violence is associated with many negative psychosocial factors that could impact overall health and wellbeing of youth undergoing reentry. Treatment implications include the development and testing of family-centered interventions that help improve the transition back into the community for youth undergoing reentry and especially, their access to evidence-based treatment, including leveraging family telehealth substance use interventions.

UNLABELLED: In this study, the authors explore how young adults navigated the dual challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic and jail reentry in a large urban environment. Fifteen young adults (aged 18-25) participated in up to nine monthly semi-structured interviews to discuss their experiences of reentry during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic (i.e., spring and summer 2020). Participants held mixed attitudes and beliefs about COVID-19. Several participants viewed the pandemic as a hoax, while others took the pandemic more seriously, particularly if their friends and family members had contracted the virus. Yet nearly all participants viewed the pandemic as having a relatively minimal impact on their lives compared to the weight of their reentry challenges and probation requirements. Young adults described COVID-19 stay-at-home orders as limiting their exposure to negative influences and facilitating compliance with probation requirements. However, resource closures due to COVID-19, including schools, employment programs, and social services presented barriers to reentry success. The authors draw upon these findings to pose implications for interventions supporting young adult reentry. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12103-022-09683-8.

Mammalian protein arginine methyltransferase 7 (PRMT7) has been shown to target substrates with motifs containing two arginine residues separated by one other residue (RXR motifs). In particular, the repression domain of human histone H2B (29-RKRSR-33) has been a key substrate in determining PRMT7 activity. We show that incubating human PRMT7 and [3H]-AdoMet with full-length Xenopus laevis histone H2B, containing the substitutions K30R and R31K (RKRSR to RRKSR), results in greatly reduced methylation activity. Using synthetic peptides, we have now focused on the enzymology behind this specificity. We show for the human and Xenopus peptide sequences 23-37 the difference in activity results from changes in the Vmax rather than the apparent binding affinity of the enzyme for the substrates. We then characterized six additional peptides containing a single arginine or a pair of arginine residues flanked by glycine and lysine residues. We have corroborated previous findings that peptides with an RXR motif have much higher activity than peptides that contain only one Arg residue. We show that these peptides have similar apparent km values but significant differences in their Vmax values. Finally, we have examined the effect of ionic strength on these peptides. We found the inclusion of salt had little effect on the Vmax value but a considerable increase in the apparent km value, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of ionic strength on PRMT7 activity occurs largely by decreasing apparent substrate-enzyme binding affinity. In summary, we find that even subtle substitutions in the RXR recognition motif can dramatically affect PRMT7 catalysis.

Financial education is necessary for people of all ages, because every day they make decisions that can have financial implications. Thus, whether we talk about earning money, choosing savings solutions, investments, loans or simply about spending money, financial education is the basis for making appropriate decisions. Good financial education of the members of a society will lead to more responsible behaviour, better management of each household’s financial resources and more economic stability. The complexity of today’s economic life poses new challenges for the average citizen, who needs to keep up with technological progress on the one hand and understand the opportunities and challenges in the financial field on the other. Information sources today are diverse and information users need to be able to interpret the messages they receive in order to make the right choices and avoid falling victim to fraud. The impact of financial literacy and education on economic development is major because a person without even basic financial knowledge will make wrong choices that will affect their household’s financial situation, with consequences for the national economy. This paper presents a number of aspects of the financial behaviour of Romanian citizens and includes a comparative presentation of the turnover of companies whose activity is “Gambling and betting activities” and the amounts spent by citizens on housing insurance and voluntary pensions.

Seasonal shifts in phytoplankton accumulation and loss largely follow changes in mixed layer depth, but the impact of mixed layer depth on cell physiology remains unexplored. Here, we investigate the physiological state of phytoplankton populations associated with distinct bloom phases and mixing regimes in the North Atlantic. Stratification and deep mixing alter community physiology and viral production, effectively shaping accumulation rates. Communities in relatively deep, early-spring mixed layers are characterized by low levels of stress and high accumulation rates, while those in the recently shallowed mixed layers in late-spring have high levels of oxidative stress. Prolonged stratification into early autumn manifests in negative accumulation rates, along with pronounced signatures of compromised membranes, death-related protease activity, virus production, nutrient drawdown, and lipid markers indicative of nutrient stress. Positive accumulation renews during mixed layer deepening with transition into winter, concomitant with enhanced nutrient supply and lessened viral pressure.

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the persistent fragmentation of health systems and has amplified the necessity for integration. This issue is particularly pronounced in decentralise settings, where fragmentation is evident with poor coordination that impedes timely information sharing, efficient resource allocation and effective response to health threats. It is within this context that the Philippine Universal Health Care law introduced reforms focusing on equitable access and resilient health systems through intermunicipal cooperation, enhancing primary care networks and harnessing digital health technologies—efforts that underline the demand for a comprehensively integrated healthcare system. The WHO and the global community have long called for integration as a strategy to optimise healthcare delivery. The authors contend that at the core of health system integration lies the need to synchronise public health and primary care interventions to enhance individual and population health. Drawing lessons from the implementation of a pilot project in the Philippines which demonstrates an integrated approach to delivering COVID-19 vaccination, family planning and primary care services, this paper examines the crucial role of local health officers in the process, offering insights and practical lessons for engaging these key actors to advance health system integration. These lessons may hold relevance for other low-ncome and middle-income economies pursuing similar reforms, providing a path forward towards achieving universal health coverage.

Fatty acid (FA) composition is the principal measure of the nutritional quality of fats in balut (i.e., boiled fertilized eggs from mallard ducks) that may affect human cardiovascular health. This study aimed to compare the fat content, FA composition, and nutritional indices/ratios concerning the edible components of 15-day old balut (B15d) and 18-day old balut (B18d) produced by Itik Pinas duck breeds (IP-Itim, IP-Khaki, and Kayumanggi-IP– an “IP-Khaki × IP-Itim” F1 cross) in the Philippines. A total of 275 pooled samples of the embryo, yolk, albumen, and fluid portion from 154 B15d and 175 B18d balut eggs were analyzed for fat content and FA composition by gas chromatography. Fat content was highest in the yolk (29.59%), followed by the embryo (1.63%) and negligible in both albumen and fluid portions. The major FAs with the highest proportion by weight of total FAs in the solid components of balut were oleic acid C18:1n-9 (20.7%–43.8%), palmitic acid C16:0 (12.0%–24.5%), stearic acid C18:0 (2.7%–8.9%), and linoleic acid C18:2n-6 (3.5%–6.9%). The fluid portion was dominated by arachidonic acid C20:4n-6 (18.8%), trans-vaccenic acid C18:1n-7 (17.6%), oleic acid (9.0%), and palmitic acid (8.3%). Total saturated FAs (SFA) were higher in the embryo than in the yolk. However, monounsaturated FAs (MUFA) and polyunsaturated FAs (PUFA) were higher in the yolk than in the embryo. Total SFA was higher, while total MUFA and PUFA were lower in B15d balut than those in B18d balut. Since SFAs are considered unhealthy compared to MUFAs and PUFAs, the yolk from B18d balut produced by Kayumanggi-IP ducks appears to have greater health benefits due to its lower atherosclerotic and thrombotic potential and higher health-promoting index and hypocholesterolemic/ hypercholesterolemic ratio.

In the ever-evolving landscape of global agricultural supply chains, ensuring traceability, transparency, and sustainability is paramount to guaranteeing food safety, combating fraud, and meeting consumer demands. The Philippine onion industry, a vital component of the nation's horticultural sector, grapples with challenges related to traceability and transparency that impact customer trust and economic sustainability. While the adoption of smart contract platforms has revolutionized traceability and transparency in various agricultural sectors worldwide, their potential in the Philippine onion market remains underutilized. This study employs a comprehensive meta-analysis approach to evaluate the existing traceability and transparency mechanisms within the Philippine onion industry, drawing insights from a diverse set of studies. The meta-analysis reveals a consistently positive impact of these mechanisms on traceability and transparency. The findings, supported by a range of studies, underscore the value of these mechanisms in improving product quality, supply chain efficiency, and transparency. The study further investigates the potential impact of smart contract platforms in enhancing traceability and transparency throughout the onion industry's supply chain. Meta-analysis results suggest that the adoption of smart contract platforms holds promise in furthering these objectives. Through automated record-keeping and real-time data sharing, smart contracts have the potential to address existing challenges related to data fragmentation and limited technological integration. Identifying barriers to smart contract platform adoption in the context of traceability and transparency, the study proposes a set of strategic initiatives and recommendations. These recommendations cater to various stakeholders, including government bodies, academic institutions, local authorities, onion farmers, and industry players, aiming to promote the widespread adoption of smart contract platforms. This study extends beyond the confines of the Philippine onion industry, offering valuable insights into the role of smart contract platforms in enhancing traceability, transparency, and sustainability within agricultural supply chains. As the world works towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations, this research contributes to the realization of "Zero Hunger" and "Responsible Consumption and Production" by promoting transparent and sustainable supply chains. By bridging the gap in understanding the potential of smart contract platforms in enhancing traceability and transparency, this study paves the way for innovative solutions, inspiring trust, and fostering sustainable farming practices within the onion industry and, potentially, in similar sectors worldwide.

Although incarcerated youth (i.e., youth sentenced to secure custody) have high health needs, the health of detained youth with limited justice involvement remains poorly understood. Between September 2018 and February 2019, social workers from the Los Angeles County Whole Person Care Juvenile Reentry Aftercare Program (WPC) assessed the health and social needs of youth in pre-trial detention. We partnered with the WPC team to analyze assessments completed by 83 youth participants. Youth were on average 16 years old, most (83%) identified as male, and all were from racial or ethnic minority groups. Participants reported high behavioral health needs, including a high prevalence of prior suicide attempts (16%) and history of substance use (81%). Participants demonstrated a pattern of crisis healthcare utilization. Youth also indicated areas of strength, including personal positive traits, engagement in extracurricular activities, educational achievements, and having multiple sources of social support. The majority of youth (74%) desired vocational training and nearly all (94 %) wanted to return to school after release. Overall, the findings indicate that detained youth with limited involvement in the justice system are a resilient group that have notably higher health risk than same-age peers, signifying a critical opportunity for intervention.

The blooming cosmopolitan coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi and its viruses (EhVs) are a model for density-dependent virulent dynamics. EhVs commonly exhibit rapid viral reproduction and drive host death in high-density laboratory cultures and mesocosms that simulate blooms. Here we show that this system exhibits physiology-dependent temperate dynamics at environmentally relevant E. huxleyi host densities rather than virulent dynamics, with viruses switching from a long-term non-lethal temperate phase in healthy hosts to a lethal lytic stage as host cells become physiologically stressed. Using this system as a model for temperate infection dynamics, we present a template to diagnose temperate infection in other virus-host systems by integrating experimental, theoretical, and environmental approaches. Finding temperate dynamics in such an established virulent host-virus model system indicates that temperateness may be more pervasive than previously considered, and that the role of viruses in bloom formation and decline may be governed by host physiology rather than by host-virus densities.

This study investigates two possible factors in the well-known subject preference in the acquisition and processing of relative clauses (RCs): (i) an effect of similarity between declarative and relative clauses and (ii) an effect of frequency of certain RC types. Two production experiments were conducted with adult and child speakers of Tagalog, a verb-initial language with a Philippine-type voice system. One experiment elicited declarative clauses and the other elicited relative clauses; both had two animacy conditions: animate-animate (animate agent and patient) and animate-inanimate (animate agent, inanimate patient). Experiment 1’s results show a preference for patient voice in the animate-animate condition only. Experiment 2’s results show a preference for the relativization of the agent in the animate-inanimate condition only. We suggest that the interplay of a patient voice preference in Tagalog with a general preference for the relativization of agents – the source of which remains undetermined – may explain these results.

Abstract Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FLC) is a disease that occurs in children and young adults. The development of FLC is associated with creation of a fusion oncoprotein DNAJB1‐PKAc kinase, which activates multiple cancer‐associated pathways. The aim of this study was to examine the role of human genomic regions, called cancer‐enhancing genomic regions or aggressive liver cancer domains (CEGRs/ALCDs), in the development of FLC. Previous studies revealed that CEGRs/ALCDs are located in multiple oncogenes and cancer‐associated genes, regularly silenced in normal tissues. Using the regulatory element locus intersection (RELI) algorithm, we searched a large compendium of chromatin immunoprecipitation–sequencing (ChIP) data sets and found that CEGRs/ALCDs contain regulatory elements in several human cancers outside of pediatric hepatic neoplasms. The RELI algorithm further identified components of the β‐catenin–TCF7L2/TCF4 pathway, which interacts with CEGRs/ALCDs in several human cancers. Particularly, the RELI algorithm found interactions of transcription factors and chromatin remodelers with many genes that are activated in patients with FLC. We found that these FLC‐specific genes contain CEGRs/ALCDs, and that the driver of FLC, fusion oncoprotein DNAJB1‐PKAc, phosphorylates β‐catenin at Ser675, resulting in an increase of β‐catenin–TCF7L2/TCF4 complexes. These complexes increase a large family of CEGR/ALCD‐dependent collagens and oncogenes. The DNAJB1‐PKAc–β‐catenin–CEGR/ALCD pathway is preserved in lung metastasis. The inhibition of β‐catenin in FLC organoids inhibited the expression of CEGRs/ALCDs‐dependent collagens and oncogenes, preventing the formation of the organoid's structure. Conclusion: This study provides a rationale for the development of β‐catenin‐based therapy for patients with FLC.

Abstract INTRODUCTION Filipino Americans are one of the largest Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) populations in the United States (US). Previous studies suggest that Filipino Americans have one of the highest incidence rates of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) among AAPI subgroups. Despite the expected increase in Filipino Americans with ADRD, no studies to‐date have validated neuropsychological measures in the United States for speakers of Tagalog, a major language spoken by Filipino Americans. A significant barrier to dementia care and diagnosis is the lack of linguistically and socioculturally appropriate cognitive tasks for Tagalog speakers. To address this need, we developed and piloted the Cognitive Assessment for Tagalog Speakers (CATS), the first neuropsychological battery for the detection of ADRD in Filipino American Tagalog speakers. METHODS Based on evidence‐based neuropsychological batteries, we adapted and constructed de novo tasks to measure performance across 4 main cognitive domains: visual/verbal memory, visuospatial functioning, speech and language, and frontal/executive functioning. Tasks were developed with a team of bilingual English/Tagalog, bicultural Filipino American/Canadian experts, including a neurologist, speech‐language pathologist, linguist, and neuropsychologist. We recruited Tagalog‐speaking participants of age 50+ through social media advertisements and recruitment registries for this cross‐sectional study. We present the CATS design and protocol. RESULTS To‐date, the CATS battery has been administered to 26 healthy control participants (age 64.5 ± 7.8 years, 18F/8 M) at an academic institution in Northern California, United States. The development and administration of the CATS battery demonstrated its feasibility but also highlighted the need to consider the effects of bilingualism, language typology, and cultural factors in result interpretation. DISCUSSION The CATS battery provides a mechanism for cognitive assessment of Filipino Americans, a population that has been underrepresented in ADRD research. As we move toward the treatment and cure of ADRD, linguistically and socioculturally appropriate cognitive tests become even more important for equitable care.

Abstract Digital Twins are essential in establishing intelligent asset management for an asset or machine. They can be described as the bidirectional communication between a cyber representation and a physical asset. Predictive Maintenance is dependent on the existence of three data sets: Fault history, Maintenance/Repair History, and Machine Conditions. Current Digital Twin solutions can fail to simulate the behaviour of a faulty asset. These solutions also prove to be difficult to implement when an asset’s fault history is incomplete. This paper presents the novel methodology, LIVE Digital Twin, to develop Digital Twins with the focus of Predictive Maintenance. The four phases, Learn, Identify, Verify, and Extend are discussed. A case study analyzes the relationship of component stiffness and vibration in detecting the health of various components. The Learning phase is implemented to demonstrate the process of locating a preliminary sensor network and develop the faulty history of a Sand Removal Skid assembly. Future studies will consider fewer simplifying assumptions and expand on the results to implement the proceeding phases.

Allen O. Whipple was an American surgeon who popularized the pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple procedure) for periampullary cancer, which remains the gold standard for pancreatic tumor resections. Whipple was educated at Princeton University (B.S., 1904) and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons (M.D., 1908). He swiftly ascended the academic ranks, culminating in his appointment as Professor of Surgery at Columbia and Director of Surgical Services at Presbyterian Hospital in 1921. Whipple published three criteria (Whipple's triad) for evaluating hyperinsulinism secondary to pancreatic insulinoma. He also revived interest in portocaval anastomosis to reduce portal hypertension, determining it to be a consequence of liver disease. During his 40-year career, Whipple introduced the concept of multidisciplinary teams and prospective data collection. He also shaped the structure of surgical training as President of the American Surgical Association and Chairman of the American Board of Surgery. Beyond the walls of the operating room, Whipple was a Renaissance Man whose childhood in Persia (Iran) engendered a lifelong interest in the region's art, culture, history, and medicine. Dr. Allen Oldfather Whipple is remembered as a pioneering physician and surgeon beloved by those who trained under him. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women are disproportionately affected by chronic pain compared with men. While societal and environmental factors contribute to this disparity, sex-based biological differences in the processing of pain are also believed to play significant roles. The central lateral nucleus of the amygdala (CeLC) is a key region for the emotional-affective dimension of pain, and a prime target for exploring sex differences in pain processing since a recent study demonstrated sex differences in CGRP actions in this region. Inputs to CeLC from the parabrachial nucleus (PB) play a causal role in aversive processing and release both glutamate and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). CGRP is thought to play a crucial role in chronic pain by potentiating glutamatergic signaling in CeLC. However, it is not known if this CGRP-mediated synaptic plasticity occurs similarly in males and females. Here, we tested the hypothesis that female CeLC neurons experience greater potentiation of glutamatergic signaling than males following endogenous CGRP exposure. Using trains of optical stimuli to evoke transient CGRP release from PB terminals in CeLC, we find that subsequent glutamatergic responses are preferentially potentiated in CeLC neurons from female mice. This potentiation was CGRP dependent and involved a postsynaptic mechanism. This sex difference in CGRP sensitivity may explain sex differences in affective pain processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Fusion oncoprotein DNAJB1-PKAc was found only in adolescent patients with fibrolamellar HCC. Expression of the fusion kinase in FLC patients causes the formation of fibrotic lamellar structures, increased proliferation, and massive alterations in transcriptome profiling that drive FLC disease. In this paper, we identified cancer cells expressing the DNAJB1-PKAc in 1–3-year-old children with pediatric liver cancers and children with biliary atresia. The expression of DNAJB1-PKAc enhances the development of pediatric liver cancers by bringing fibrolamellar-specific disorders, by increasing the rate of proliferation, and by increasing resistance to chemotherapy. Expression of DNAJB1-PKAc in patients with biliary atresia correlates with an increased expression of oncogenes. Background and Aims: Hepatoblastoma (HBL) and fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FLC) are the most common liver malignancies in children and young adults. FLC oncogenesis is associated with the generation of the fusion kinase, DNAJB1-PKAc (J-PKAc). J-PKAc has been found in 90% of FLC patients' tumors but not in other liver cancers. Since previous studies of J-PKAc were performed with adolescent patients, we asked if young children may express J-PKAc and if there are consequences of such expression. Methods: The biobank of the pediatric HBL/HCN-NOS specimens was examined by QRT-PCR, Western blots, RNA-Seq, and immunostaining with fusion-specific antibodies. Results: J-PKAc is expressed in 70% of the HBL/HCN-NOS patients. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that HBL tumors that do not have cells expressing J-PKAc show elevated expression of the membrane attack complex (MAC), which eliminates cells expressing J-PKAc. The fusion-positive HBL/HCN-NOS samples have several signaling pathways that are different from fusion-negative HBLs. Upregulated pathways included genes involved in the G1 to S transition and in liver cancer. Downregulated pathways included over 60 tumor suppressors, the CYP family, and the SLC family. The repression of these genes involves J-PKAc-β-catenin-TCF4-mediated elevation of the HDAC1-Sp5 pathway. The identified upregulated and downregulated pathways are direct targets of the fusion kinase. The J-PKAc kinase is also detected in livers of 1-year-old children with biliary atresia (BA). Conclusions: J-PKAc is expressed in both HBL tumor and BA liver samples, contributing to the development of HBL and creating a transcriptome profiling consistent with the potential development of liver cancer in young patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and the extent to which they relate to health among young adults (ages 18–25) returning home from jail is underexamined. To build on the growing literature examining associations between ACE exposure among young people involved with carceral systems and health, we (1) measured ACE prevalence and (2) explored associations between ACEs and health/well-being indicators among young adults experiencing reentry. Using a telephone survey on reentry experiences, participants completed an ACE screening, single-item responses on health and social indicators, and five-item responses on substance misuse. Fisher's exact tests and t tests compared sociodemographic and health-related factors by the levels of ACEs. Among the 85 participants, 66 (78%) reported four or more ACEs and 48 (56%) reported six or more ACEs, including divorced parents (n = 69, 81%), witnessing violence (n = 63, 74%), and household member incarceration (n = 60, 71%). Higher exposure to ACEs was associated with mental health diagnoses, psychiatric medication prescriptions, psychiatric hospitalizations, drug dependence, binge drinking, and cannabis misuse. High ACE exposure among young adults experiencing reentry portends worse mental health and high rates of substance use. Findings signify an opportunity to apply a trauma-focused developmental framework to support emerging adults during the crucial reentry period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fatty acid (FA) profiles are important measures of the nutritional quality of goat’s milk that may impact human cardiovascular health and disease. This study is aimed to compare the FA composition and FA-based nutritional indices/ratios of goat colostrum and milk from crossbred goats in relation to published reports on milk FAs involving purebred goats from other countries. A total of 121 colostrum and milk samples collected on the 30th, 60th, and 90th day of lactation from 33 crossbred goats with Anglo Nubian or Boer sires were analyzed by gas chromatography. The major FAs with the highest proportion in both colostrum and milk were oleic acid (C18:1-n9c), palmitic acid (C16:0), myristic acid (C14:0), and stearic acid (C18:0). Oleic acid, palmitic acid, and myristic acid were significantly higher (p

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009565.].

Fatty acid (FA) profiles are needed to assess the nutritional quality of sow colostrum and transient milk that may be used in developing milk replacer diets for piglets and their possible use as a functional food or nutraceutical. This study analyzed the FA profiles and compared the FA-based nutritional indices/ratios of colostrum and transient milk from Landrace, Large White, and Landrace × Large White crossbred sows in a swine nucleus breeding farm in the Philippines. Colostrum and transient milk samples were collected by hand within 24 h after parturition and 36–72 h after farrowing, respectively; immediately frozen at –20 °C until analyzed for FA composition by gas chromatography. Among the major FAs with the highest proportions, palmitic acid (C16:0) and linoleic acid LA (C18:2 n-6) were higher in colostrum (20.7% and 25.0%, respectively) than in transient milk (18.7% and 18.8%, respectively). Oleic acid (C18:1 n9c) was higher in transient milk (34.9%) than in colostrum (32.2%). The polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) to saturated FA (SFA) ratio was higher in sow colostrum (0.81:1) than transient milk (0.65:1). However, transient milk had better linoleic acid to α-linolenic acid C18:3 n-3 (LA/ALA) ratio, more balanced omega-6 to omega-3 (n-6/n-3) ratio, slightly lower atherogenicity index (IA= 0.43 vs 0.46) and thrombogenicity index (IT= 0.81 vs 0.85), higher health-promoting index (HPI= 2.33 vs 2.16), and higher hypocholesterolemic/ hypercholesterolemic ratio (h/H= 2.66:1 vs 2.55:1) than colostrum. Both colostrum and transient milk from Large White sows had lower IA and IT values and higher PUFA/SFA ratio, HPI, and h/H ratio compared to Landrace sows. Crossbred sows had colostrum and transient milk with lower average IT than purebred sows. The PUFA/SFA ratio, HPI, and h/H ratio in colostrum were also higher for crossbred sows than for purebred sows. In conclusion, colostrum from crossbred sows may be used in the preparation of milk replacer formulations for piglets, while transient milk, especially from Large White sows, may be considered in the development of sow milk - based supplements in the human diet.