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Ergonomics hazard is one of the hazards caused by the relationship between work activities, use of tools, and a bad work environment that causes injury or illness to workers. In carrying out the work, it is still done manually and is done repeatedly in non-ergonomic and awkward positions every day for a long period of time. Therefore, there is a need for ergonomic hazards. This research was conducted in May 2022 using descriptive quantitative research. Ergonomics hazard risk level assessment using REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) and QEC (Quick Exposure Checklsit) methods. The population in the study found 27 workers. The sample taken is 27 workers with total sampling technique. Data collection techniques were carried out using REBA worksheets and QEC questionnaires. The results showed that the ergonomic risk description using the REBA method was dominated by a moderate risk level of 20 workers, while the ergonomic risk description using the QEC method was dominated by a moderate risk of 21 workers. evaluation of the comparison of action levels using the REBA and QEC methods has resulted in 26 workers getting the risk level score at the same level. Each method that threatens ergonomics hazards has different characteristics and assessments in each body part so that it can affect the final score. Suggestions that can be recommended are to provide training on ergonomics to workers and provide facilities that make work easier

Lighting is one of the potential hazards and included in physical factors. If the quality of lighting in a room is not up to standard, it will be at risk to affect the comfort and safety of space users. This study aims to analyze the relationship between lighting systems and eye fatigue on employees in the ABC Division at the XYZ Office of Gresik Regency. This study is an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional. The sample in this study were 13 respondents using a total sampling technique. Measurement of lighting intensity was done using a lux meter and eye fatigue was measured using a Visual Fatigue Index. To see the strength of the relationship between variables, the Contingency Coefficient. The results showed 11 points (84.6%) with lighting intensity that not up to standards and 11 employees (84.6%) experienced eye fatigue. The lighting system has the strongest relationship with eye fatigue (P Value =0.707). Recommendations that can be given are to check the cleanliness and function of the armatures and lamps regularly, change the color of wall paint regularly, install curtains on windows, fill the room with green ornamental plants, socializing and implementing about 5R culture and eye stretching.

Fire hazard is a very serious threat to the owner or user of a building. Losses caused by fires that occur in industry are very large, because they involve high asset values, and can cost lives. Fires can occur anywhere, one of which is in the office building of PT. XY which is classified as a light fire hazard. One form of security and prevention against fires is the installation of fire extinguishers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the suitability of the application of a light fire extinguisher. The type of research in this study is qualitative, namely by comparing the actual condition of light fire extinguishers in the field with the Minister of Manpower and Transmigration Regulation Number 04 of 1980 through observation, interviews, documentation and measurement of the height and distance of the fire extinguisher. The results showed that the number of fire extinguishers as a whole was not appropriate, the type of fire extinguisher had been fulfilled properly, the condition of the fire extinguisher was still not up to standard, the placement of the fire extinguisher was still quite good at the distance between fire extinguishers but there were still some that were not suitable, the maintenance of the fire extinguisher was well maintained but still needs control and the level of knowledge of workers regarding the use of fire extinguishers is quite good but needs to be improved again because there are still some employees who have not received fire training. The conclusion that PT.XY, the, has implemented fire prevention by installing fire extinguisher, there are several indicator components that are not appropriate. Suggestions that can be given are to improve the fire extinguisher indicators that are not appropriate and always carry out routine monitoring to improve fire extinguisher maintenance and provide fire training to workers.

Peoples’ utilization and management of non-timber forest products in a sustainable manner is influenced by traditional knowledge and regulations. Communities near forests in Southern Sumatra, Indonesia, continue to rely on forest resources to cover their basic needs. However, as more people use the forests to collect non-timber forest products, their availability is decreasing. Qualitative research methods and literature studies were applied in this paper to document local communities in the provinces of South Sumatra, Bengkulu, and Jambi in applying their traditional knowledge and local wisdom to manage dragon’s blood (Daemonorops spp.) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanii Blume). These priceless NTFPs (non-timber forest products) played a significant role in supporting people’s livelihoods and protecting the natural resources in their forest area. The community implemented a sustainable harvesting system to maintain the availability of resources so that the community still has the opportunity to collect NTFPs as a source of income in the future. Along with the decrease in these natural resources, the community has begun to develop an agroforestry system of NTFPs, coffee, and other crops. This domestication activity was expected to ensure the sustainability of production and to prevent overexploitation of forest resources. In the long run, involving indigenous knowledge was needed in maintaining natural resources to achieve sustainable development of NTFPs agroforestry in Indonesia.

Tropical peatlands are fragile ecosystems with an important role in conserving biodiversity, water quality and availability, preventing floods, soil intrusion, erosion and sedimentation, and providing a livelihood for people. However, due to illegal logging, fire and conversion into other land use, the peatlands in Indonesia are under serious threat. Efforts to restore Indonesia’s tropical peatlands have been accelerated by the establishment of the Peatland Restoration Agency in early 2016. The restoration action policy includes the rewetting, revegetation and revitalisation of local livelihood (known as the 3Rs). This paper summarises the regulatory, institutional and planning aspects of peatland restoration, in addition to the implementation of the 3Rs in Indonesia, including failures, success stories, and the criteria and indicators for the success of peatland restoration.

Community engagement and integrated research are key approaches to solving complex socio-ecological challenges. This paper describes the experience of bringing together a team of natural and social scientists from Australia and Indonesia in the ‘Gambut Kita’ (translated as ‘Our Peat’) project. Gambut Kita aims to produce new knowledge and support efforts to successfully, and equitably, restore Indonesia’s tropical peatlands and ensure that livelihoods can be maintained on restored (rewetted) landscapes. The paper focuses on experiences of using community engagement for integrated research. It discusses three community engagement approaches used in the project—resilience, adaptation pathways and transformation approach (RAPTA), participatory rural appraisal (PRA), and community-led analysis and planning (CLAP). It also describes the qualitative analysis of 14 interviews with the project team of lessons learned in community engagement for integrated research. ‘Criteria for success’ from the literature on international development projects is used to assess progress. The findings highlight the specific complexities of working across countries and cultures. Successful community engagement is not so much about the ‘tool’ but about the trust, agency, and support to change. The tools do, however, have different strengths. PRA and CLAP can build deep community understanding and relationships. RAPTA has strengths in framing visions and pathways to the future, systems thinking, anticipatory learning, and taking a cross-scale systems view which is required to solve many of the problems manifesting at local or community scales. Similarly, success in integrated research is not just about individuals, but structures (e.g. explicit process) and infrastructure (e.g. access to technology). These findings suggest that integrated research needs special considerations in terms of design, and these relate across scales to individual researchers as well as teams, leaders and organisations. Integrated research projects need careful, inclusive, iterative management with a lot of interaction to learn from each other, build a common vision, achieve clarity of roles, and share emerging findings.

Herawati T, Rohadi D, Rahmat M, Winarno B. 2019. An exploration of gender equity in household: A case from a peatland-based community in Riau, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 853-861. Gender roles in peatland-based communities’ livelihoods are an important factor in livelihood vulnerability due to challenging characteristics for conducting agriculture in this area. This article reports on a study of gender roles in Riau Province in 7 villages in 3 districts, aiming to identify significant attributes that determining gender equity at the household level. The data was collected through structured interviews in 221 households, in-depth interviews and Focus Group Discussions in every village. The research indicated that gender roles in agricultural activities are significantly dominated by men, while women play a more significant role in domestic activities. Both men and women contribute equally in the social life of the community; women’s participation and group membership is equal to men’s. Poor families tend to have higher gender equity in agricultural activities than rich households. The role of women in wealthier households is not in their physical contribution on the land but is mostly transformed into a decision making role. This indicates that women have a significant role in family livelihoods for both poor and rich families, but in different forms.

Background: At present, the role of protected areas has been expanded into climate change mitigation action, specifically on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+). Reliable and practical method for measuring, reporting and verifying carbon stock is an essential component for REDD+. This study aims at recognizing the characteristic and estimating aboveground forest carbon stock in the tropical protected area using a combination of terrestrial forest inventory and spatial data. Results: In the study area of Bukit Tigapuluh National Park in Central Sumatra, 168 cluster plots totaling 33.6 hectares were taken proportionally based on the percentage of forest cover types (dryland primary natural forest/DPF and dryland secondary natural forest/DSF) using a traditional forest inventory method (more than 5 cm dbh) in combination with the application of information technology. Results showed that Bukit Tigapuluh National Park secured a significant aboveground forest carbon stock which has been estimated to be 269.2 + 22.2 tC/ha or 35,823,639 + 2,951,071 tC in total, being sequestered in approximately 133,051 hectares of tropical rain forest. This result was higher than other studies located in non-protected areas, but slightly lower than other studies within protected area.Conclusion: This finding supported the argument that protected areas possess higher figure of aboveground carbon stock compared to other forest management units. High amount of forest carbon biomass in the protected areas shall be very important assets for conducting the role of conservation for REDD+.

Degradation of natural resources in various areas of Indonesia requires serious attention and action to prevent further damage. This research was descriptive qualitative research, presented data and evidences from two research projects which engage stakeholders to participate in natural resources management in Southern Sumatra. Our finding proved that providing clear information to the stakeholders about the goals to be achieved in natural resource management activities is the most important thing. Furthermore, a detailed description of what stakeholders could do to participate, convincing the stakeholders that they can participate easily and their role is very important in managing this natural resource were also crucial. Other significant aspects were updating information about what has been done, how the results are, also what things are still needed to do in order to reach the goal. Stakeholders will actively participate in natural resource management activities if they know clearly the objectives to be achieved. One of these objectives must be directly or indirectly related to the interests of these stakeholders and provide benefits both tangible and or non-tangible to them. Equity, trust, and learning were needed throughout the process of achieving goals.

Practices and traditional knowledge of smallholder farmers living forests is a potential resource to enhance landscape management. However, knowledge of the smallholder-forest relationship is still rare to explore social mechanisms that allow their relationship lasting long. The research aims to obtain further understanding of the traditional practices of forest management in Semende, South Sumatera. We visited 32 villages in Semende and stayed on several occasions in the 10 villages. We used descriptive phenomenological approach to understand the social process of successful forest management by farmers. We find the key that leads to the relations of sawah-forest to be able to be maintained against changes, that is consistent attitude towards the core values of life, whatever happens and changes. Social mechanism in the form of practices of knowledge-institution-tunggu tubang is an integral package to ensure the sustainability of forest. The social mechanism is driven by the values of respect for the elderly, extended family, real work, the search for stability and serenity in the bonds of humanity. These findings may be valuable lessons for improving forest policy.

Referring to the studies on the success of community forestry, the proponents suggest reducing the influence of the state to the people who maintain traditional institutions in forest management. However, knowledge about the interaction of formal and informal institutions in the context of changing smallholder farmers is still not fully understood. Through a phenomenological approach assessing the differences of forest conserving institutions performance across villages in Semende, South Sumatra, we analyze the process of how traditional institutions can survive or collapse. The main finding shows that traditional institutions gained support and legitimacy from governments formal institutions, to enforce the rules, are able to survive until now. The key factor determining the success or failure of traditional institutions is the structure of communitys authority; whether it is based on to inherited knowledge or not. We propose a new hypothesis for the concept of local institutions that successfully manage natural resources.

Community Forestry becomes new paradigm in the forest management system in Indonesia. Through this mechanism, it is expected that the role of the community in forest management will be stronger and the benefits of forests to improve community welfare can be realized. This study aims to determine the impacts of community forestry programs and also to observe further how the community rehabilitates marginal forest areas as an effort to reduce the effects of climate change. Surveys, FGD and interviews to stakeholders and community groups that obtain forest management rights are conducted to collect data. The research-results explain that community-forestry-permit provides a freedom for the community, hence they could manage the land optimally. The implementation of community forestry still requires assistance from local government as a facilitator so that the programs carried out are truly useful and provide optimal results. Furthermore, the establishment of institutions, program design, and planning in the management system also still needs to be strengthened. The term of climate change has not been widely known by the community in rural areas of South Sumatra. However, they have realized the impact of climate change. Rehabilitation activities and several efforts to increase the number of land cover in community forestry area will be an opportunity to improve the ecosystems condition, mitigate the climate change and diversify commodity choices of the community for better livelihoods.

Rural community in peatland is less concerned actor during the recurrent fire disaster. This disaster has already diminished the source of livelihoods. There is limited information about the dynamics of the livelihoods related to the use of fire in peatland. This paper examines the dynamics of rural livelihoods and the adaptation livelihoods strategies in degraded peatland. Data are collected by field survey, in-depth interview, focus group discussion in three villages at Riau Province and they are analyzed descriptively. Peatland is the only remaining important resource for the rural people after fire disaster. They will select prospective commodities based on their capabilities and access to market. Rural community are more intensive in using the resource of peatland for their livelihoods with the growing interest to several commodities. Recent community livelihoods depend on some certain commodities (palm oil, areca nut, rubber) and tend to conduct expansive and monoculture land use strategy rather than polyculture strategy. Diversification livelihood with adaptive and valuable commodities through trainings, continuous coaching and building business.

Peatlands in Indonesia have been objected to draining, burning and converting into agriculture lands causing huge greenhouse gas emissions and triggering climate change. To reduce emissions on peatland but still keep maintaining community livelihoods, farmers need to be trained with best practices on peatland uses and management. Under the Haze Free Sustainable Livelihoods Project, three trainings have been conducted, namely training on nursery and land preparation without burning, training on post harvests processing of fish and corn, and training on honeybee cultivation. The training participants are community who live in and around the Peatland Hydrological Unit of Kampar-Indragiri Rivers, Riau. An impact assessment of the completed trainings has been conducted which employe four-level evaluation model as proposed by Kirkpatrick (1994). The results indicatesthat all of the trainings improve participants’ knowledge and skill. Moreover, the honeybee cultivation training has also transformed participants’ behaviour to be more preserve and maintain nectarpollen and resin producing trees, pollen and sap. The trainings, however, are yet to affect household income although an increase of profit has been recorded on some champion participants.

This research aim to marketing actors, pattern of marketing channels and marketing efficiency of bambang lanang woods study in Lahat and Empat Lawang Regencies, Data collection was conducted through interview with respondents. The respondents were purposively selected. The data was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The results of research showed that the actors of research showed involved in marketing of bambang lanang wood are farmers, chainsaw men, traders, timber depot sill/furniture industries and end consumers. In the study of areas, marketing channels of bambang lanang wood are found. Among the five patterns of the marketing channel, the quite high farmer's share (40.91%) occured at marketing channel pattern 1 (farmers – chainsaw men – traders – timber depot – sill/furniture industries and end consumers), pattern 2 (farmers – chainsaw men – timber depot – sill/furniture industries and end consumers) and pattern 3 (farmers – traders – timber depot –sill/furniture industries and end consumer). The most efficient marketing channel is pattern 2. The farmers need to be given information on efficient marketing channel which is favourable for them.

Fokus utama peranan hutan kota adalah pada jasa-jasa lingkungan. Sayangnya, kota-kota di negara- negara berkembang menghadapi banyak tantangan dalam mengembangkan hutan kota ini. Faktor demografi bertambahnya jumlah penduduk dipahami sebagai masalah bagi kota dalam mengintegrasikan hutan kota ke dalam perencanaan kota dan pengembangannya. Hasil penelitian di negara maju menyebutkan bahwa justru kepadatan penduduk merupakan potensi dalam pengembangan hutan kota. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan pengetahuan tentang peran faktor demografi dalam hubungannya dengan pengembangan hutan kota. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan makro dan mikro. Cara makro membandingkan kinerja hutan kota antarkota yang berbeda secara demografi, sementara cara mikro mencari tahu perbedaan kinerja hutan kota antarwilayah yang berbeda kepadatan penduduknya dalam satu kota. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepadatan penduduk sebagai faktor demografi berperan sebagai penghambat dan pendukung pengembangan hutan kota. Kebutuhan luas minimal hutan kota suatu kota sebaiknya dihitung berdasarkan keadaan demografi kota.

Banyak kawasan hutan Indonesia berada dalam kondisi tidak terkelola dan terabaikan sehingga dianggap sebagai kawasan konflik. Hal tersebut terjadi karena ketidaktegasan pemerintah berkaitan dengan keinginan pemangku kepentingan terhadap penggunaan sumber daya. Salah satu pendekatan yang dikenal baik yang memfokuskan pada penjelasan sudut pandang yang berbeda ialah Soft System Methode (SSM), yang digunakan luas dan berhasil dalam banyak situasi masalah yang rumit. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan pemahaman opini stakeholder yang berbeda (terpencar) terhadap perubahan yang diinginkan dan memungkinkan, dengan menggunakan SSM. Penelitian dilaksanakan di salah satu blok pengelolaan yang terabaikan di Hutan Penelitian Benakat di Sumatera Selatan, yang disebut “Agroforestry Block”. Disimpulkan bahwa tahap intervensi dari SSM yang dikendalikan dengan fasilitas reflektif/umpan balik dapat meningkatkan pembelajaran sosial diantara pelaku-pelaku yang bertentangan, sehingga menawarkan cara baru terhadap pengelolaan masa depan blok agroforestry. Tahap ini belum secara signifikan mengubah perilaku partisipan yang terlibat

Rehabilitasi lahan gambut berbasis pohon masih merupakan upaya yang langka, baik dari sisi program maupun keberhasilannya. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk menjawab pertanyaan umum tentang bagaimana menjadikan program rehabilitasi lahan gambut berbasis pohon dapat didukung oleh parapihak, melalui studi kasus di Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir. Analisis stakeholder dan faktor-faktor kelembagaan dan sosial ekonomi yang mendukung aksi kolektif pemanfaatan lahan gambut digunakan sebagai metode dalam mencari pemungkin terjadinya dukungan parapihak terhadap upaya rehabilitasi. Penerimaan sosial yang tinggi terhadap suatu komoditas atau jenis usaha dan kemudahan dalam membuat batas sebuah jenis usaha adalah faktor pemungkin dominan yang layak diperhatikan agar terjadi aksi kolektif dalam program rehabilitasi lahan gambut di Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir.

Social forestry program is intended to improve people’s welfare and at the same time as an effort to conserve the forest. This paper examines the awareness of local communities toward social forestry programmes implemented by Ministry of Environment and Forestry of Republic Indonesia. This research was taken place in Bumi Kawa Village, Ogan Komering Ulu District. Survey, interview and focus group discussion methods were employed to collect the data. Descriptive qualitative method was used to analyze the data obtained during the research. Almost all of the people interviewed have a particularly favourable perception of the social forestry programmes implemented. Currently, the community has accessed the forest area and planted it with coffee. With the existence of social forestry program, community access to forests becomes a legal activity. The community can manage the land by implementing agroforestry system that is developing agricultural crops under forest trees. The type of tree that has been well known by the community is bambang lanang (Michelia champaca). This type of plant is suitable to grow in this region and has economic value. Based on the discussion, social forestry program is the best type of management for running the forests in this area. Communities were willing to further participate in tree planting activities. Moreover, women also had positive perception towards social forestry program although they were not fully involved in managing the forest. Some incentives were needed so that the local people will continue to participate in the long term environmental preservation.

Tree crop diversification becomes a common component of farmers strategies to diversify their sources of income, to deal with price fluctuation and also to adapt to a changing environment. This study examined farmers activity in tree-crop diversification and factors that encourage rural households in tree planting. A combination of household interviews and participatory field surveys was conducted to collect primary data. Data was analyzed descriptively and quantitatively. The results show that farmers mainly engaged in planting trees with agroforestry system, even there were also some people who develop trees with monocultures system. The tree species most developed in the research area are Magnolia champaca, Azadirachta excelsa, and Anthocephalus cadamba. The diversification decisions of communities depends on age, education level, the number of family members, expenses, and assets. Farmers who have wider landholdings and relatively have high incomes will be more interested in doing tree crop diversification on their land. Of the households surveyed, the respondents have the main job as a farmer in which the average age was 50 years old and the majority had education level up to elementary school and junior high school. The average expense of the respondents was 1.437 million rupiah per month in which the average of land holding is 2.68 hectares. In southern Sumatra, farmers try to mix some tree-crop in their land in order to increase their income, to get cash income in different time (maintaining food security), and reduce some risks because the changes of environment, market and policy. Therefore, this practice can provide economic resilience for farm households.

Food sovereignty is the aspiration of many parties and the vision of the Government of Indonesia. Making new fields (sawah), building and repairing irrigation, and provide incentives for the cultivation of food crops is the program being run by the government. On the other hand, the facts show that the conversion of sawah to other uses still exists in many places and cannot be prevented. However, Semende communities living in the upland of South Sumatra to show different performance; they tried to maintain the tradition of sawah at the time of changes in knowledge and the growing population. This study aims to understand and explain the success of the Semende communities in achieving food sovereignty. Research questions answered by qualitative research methods, especially through ethnographic notes concerning sawah management practices by Semende communities. The results showed that the preservation sawah closely related to tunggu tubang tradition and the social conventions of the existence of forests in the upstream region. Sustainability of sawah is the result of consistency and belief of Semende people about important value of sawah as cultural identity and basic capital of the household economy. These beliefs bring forth innovative attitude to maintain the existence of sawah. Therefore, the construction of physical infrastructure to achieve food sovereignty must be accompanied by socio-anthropological approach to the lives of farmers and forest control in the upstream region of sawah by community groups.