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781 results on '"Bonanomi, Giuliano"'

26. FRACTAL-FRACTIONAL SIRS MODEL FOR THE DISEASE DYNAMICS IN BOTH PREY AND PREDATOR WITH SINGULAR AND NONSINGULAR KERNELS.

Author

AHMAD, ZUBAIR, BONANOMI, GIULIANO, CARDONE, ANGELAMARIA, IUORIO, ANNALISA, TORALDO, GERARDO, and GIANNINO, FRANCESCO

Abstract

In this study, we consider a mathematical model for the disease dynamics in both prey and predator by considering the Susceptible–Infected–Recovered–Susceptible (SIRS) model with the prey–predator Lotka–Volterra differential equations. Carrying capacity, predation, migration, and immunity loss are also taken into account for both species. Using the law of mass action, the physical model is transformed into a nonlinear coupled system of ODEs. The classical/integer order ODE system is then generalized through the fractal-fractional differential operators of power law and Mittag-Leffler kernels. For the model under consideration, we additionally check for positivity, boundedness, the basic reproduction number, and equilibrium points. Graphical results are obtained by use of a numerical approach, and the existence and uniqueness of the solution are also established theoretically. The graphical solutions has been displayed via 2D and 3D phase plots. It has been shown that when the fractional order reduces, the amplitude of the chaotic attractor dynamics shrinks, along with the range of limit cycles and periodic trajectories while a drop in the fractal dimension parameter causes an increase in the time period of the chaotic attractor dynamics. This study not only improves the understanding of epidemic breakouts in predator–prey systems, but also highlights the efficiency of fractal-fractional calculus in ecological modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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27. Impact of Land Use Types on Soil Physico-Chemical Properties, Microbial Communities, and Their Fungistatic Effects.

Author

Iacomino, Giuseppina, Idbella, Mohamed, Gaglione, Salvatore, Abd-ElGawad, Ahmed M., and Bonanomi, Giuliano

Subjects
ORGANIC compound content of soils, SOILBORNE plant pathogens, SUSTAINABLE agriculture, PRINCIPAL components analysis, PATHOGENIC fungi
Abstract

Soilborne plant pathogens significantly impact agroecosystem productivity, emphasizing the need for effective control methods to ensure sustainable agriculture. Soil fungistasis, the soil's ability to inhibit fungal spore germination under optimal conditions, is pivotal for biological control. This study explores soil fungistasis variability across land-use intensities, spanning deciduous and evergreen forests, grasslands, shrublands, and horticultural cultivations in both open fields and greenhouses. Soil characterization encompassed organic matter, pH, total nitrogen, C/N ratio, key cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+), enzymatic activities, microbial biomass, and soil microbiota analyzed through high-throughput sequencing of 16s rRNA genes. Fungistasis was evaluated against the pathogenic fungi Botrytis cinerea and the beneficial microbe Trichoderma harzianum. Fungistasis exhibited similar trends across the two fungi. Specifically, the application of glucose to soil temporarily annulled soil fungistasis for both B. cinerea and T. harzianum. In fact, a substantial fungal growth, i.e., fungistasis relief, was observed immediately (48 h) after the pulse application with glucose. In all cases, the fungistasis relief was proportional to the glucose application rate, i.e., fungal growth was higher when the concentration of glucose was higher. However, the intensity of fungistasis relief largely varied across soil types. Our principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated that the growth of both Trichoderma and Botrytis fungi was positively and significantly correlated with organic carbon content, total nitrogen, iron, magnesium, calcium, and sodium while negatively correlated with fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis. Additionally, bacterial diversity and composition across different ecosystems exhibited a positive correlation with FDA hydrolysis and a negative correlation with phosphoric anhydride and soil pH. Analysis of bacterial microbiomes revealed significant differences along the land use intensity gradient, with higher fungistasis in soils dominated by Pseudoarthrobacter. Soils under intensive horticultural cultivation exhibited a prevalence of Acidobacteria and Cyanobacteria, along with reduced fungistasis. This study sheds light on soil fungistasis variability in diverse ecosystems, underscoring the roles of soil texture rather than soil organic matter and microbial biomass to explain the variability of fungistasis across landscapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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28. Impact of soil legacy on plant–soil feedback in grasses and legumes through beneficial and pathogenic microbiota accumulation.

Author

Idbella, Mohamed, Abd-ElGawad, Ahmed M., Chouyia, Fatima Ezzahra, and Bonanomi, Giuliano

Subjects
SOIL chemistry, ENERGY crops, WHEAT, MICROBIAL diversity, ELECTRIC conductivity
Abstract

Plants shape their surrounding soil, influencing subsequent plant growth in a phenomenon known as plant–soil feedback (PSF). This feedback is driven by chemical and microbial legacies. Here, we cultivated six crops from two functional groups, i.e., three grasses (Lolium , Triticum , and Zea) and three legumes (Glycine , Lens , and Medicago), to condition a living soil. Subsequently, the same species were sown as response plants on conspecific and heterospecific soils. We employed high-throughput sequencing in tandem with soil chemistry, including total organic matter, pH, total nitrogen, electrical conductivity, phosphorus, and macro and micro-nutrients. Our results showed that Glycine exhibited the strongest negative PSF, followed by Triticum and Zea , while Lolium displayed low feedback. Conversely, Lens demonstrated robust positive PSF, with Medicago exhibiting slight positive feedback. Soil chemistry significance indicated only higher Cl content in Triticum soil, while Lens displayed higher Zn and Mn contents. Microbial diversity exhibited no significant variations among the six soils. Although conditioning influenced the abundance of functionally important microbial phyla associated with each plant, no specificity was observed between the two functional groups. Moreover, each crop conditioned its soil with a substantial proportion of fungal pathogens. However, co-occurrence analysis revealed a strong negative correlation between all crop's biomass and fungal pathogens, except Glycine , which exhibited a strong negative correlation with mutualists such as Arthrobacter and Bacillus. This underscores the complexity of predicting PSFs, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive understanding of plant interactions with both pathogens and mutualists, rather than focusing solely on host-specific pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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38. The fate of cigarette butts in different environments: Decay rate, chemical changes and ecotoxicity revealed by a 5-years decomposition experiment

Author

Bonanomi, Giuliano, Maisto, Giulia, De Marco, Anna, Cesarano, Gaspare, Zotti, Maurizio, Mazzei, Pierluigi, Libralato, Giovanni, Staropoli, Alessia, Siciliano, Antonietta, De Filippis, Francesca, La Storia, Antonietta, Piccolo, Alessandro, Vinale, Francesco, Crasto, Antonio, Guida, Marco, Ercolini, Danilo, and Incerti, Guido

Published
2020
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