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The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase and critical regulator of cell cycle progression. Despite its vital role, it has remained challenging to globally map APC/C substrates. By combining orthogonal features of known substrates, we predicted APC/C substrates in silico. This analysis identified many known substrates and suggested numerous candidates. Unexpectedly, chromatin regulatory proteins are enriched among putative substrates, and we show experimentally that several chromatin proteins bind APC/C, oscillate during the cell cycle, and are degraded following APC/C activation, consistent with being direct APC/C substrates. Additional analysis revealed detailed mechanisms of ubiquitylation for UHRF1, a key chromatin regulator involved in histone ubiquitylation and DNA methylation maintenance. Disrupting UHRF1 degradation at mitotic exit accelerates G1-phase cell cycle progression and perturbs global DNA methylation patterning in the genome. We conclude that APC/C coordinates crosstalk between cell cycle and chromatin regulatory proteins. This has potential consequences in normal cell physiology, where the chromatin environment changes depending on proliferative state, as well as in disease.

The cell cycle transcription factor FOXM1 is activated in basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) and associated with therapeutic resistance and poor patient outcomes. Arceci et al. show USP21 antagonizes FOXM1 degradation, thereby promoting proliferation and paclitaxel resistance. USP21 is catalytically active and recurrently overexpressed in BLBC, representing a potential therapeutic target. �� 2019 The Author(s)The transcription factor FOXM1 contributes to cell cycle progression and is significantly upregulated in basal-like breast cancer (BLBC). Despite its importance in normal and cancer cell cycles, we lack a complete understanding of mechanisms that regulate FOXM1. We identified USP21 in an RNAi-based screen for deubiquitinases that control FOXM1 abundance. USP21 increases the stability of FOXM1, and USP21 binds and deubiquitinates FOXM1 in vivo and in vitro, indicating a direct enzyme-substrate relationship. Depleting USP21 downregulates the FOXM1 transcriptional network and causes a significant delay in cell cycle progression. Significantly, USP21 depletion sensitized BLBC cell lines and mouse xenograft tumors to paclitaxel, an anti-mitotic, frontline therapy in BLBC treatment. USP21 is the most frequently amplified deubiquitinase in BLBC patient tumors, and its amplification co-occurs with the upregulation of FOXM1 protein. Altogether, these data suggest a role for USP21 in the proliferation and potentially treatment of FOXM1-high, USP21-high BLBC.

CARABID BEETLES (COLEOPTERA CARABIDAE) IN OLIVE GROWING OF THE CALABRIA, ITALY In this work are analyzed the Carabid fauna found by means of pitfall traps in olive grove of the province of Cosenza (Calabria, Italy) different in the type of agronomical conduction. A total of 14.940 individual adult carabids, belonging to 71 species were collected from four localities. The most abundant species were Calathus fuscipes (DAa max 31.92, min 0.46; DO 38,9 %), Pterostichus melas (DAa max 9,89, min 0,08; DO 27,5 %), and Pseudoophonus rufipes (DAa max 3,89, min 0,2; DO 9,09 %). Key words: diversity, biondicator, olive grove, fauna, Southern Italy. Questa ricerca, è un contributo alla conoscenza dei Coleotteri Carabidi che popolano l’agroecosistema oliveto. I campionamenti sono stati eseguiti in oliveti rappresentativi della provincia di Cosenza, mediante l’utilizzo di trappole a caduta. Sono stati catturati 14.940 Carabidi, appartenenti a 71 specie, tra le quali Asaphidion flavipes, Calathus circumseptus, Parophonus hirsutulus, Parophonus planicollis e Syntomus foveatus risultano segnalate per la prima volta in Calabria. La Carabidofauna investigata è una componente abbondante ed eterogenea, ricca di specie opportuniste ad ampia valenza ecologica. Parole chiave: biodiversità, oliveti, coleotteri carabidi, sud Italia., Entomologica, Vol 41 (2008)

Wildfire hazard increased over last decades at the whole Dinaric karst region of Croatia. Wildfire can have significant effect on some hydrological and landscape parameters. Destruction of the forested ecosystem of a basin has direct and strong consequences for its behavior. At the same time wildfires can affect ecohydrological processes indirectly, but profoundly, altering the physical and chemical properties of the soil, converting organic ground cover to soluble ash, modifying the microclimate etc. Analyses of effects of wildfire on hydrology, erosion processes and ecology on the karstic island of Hvar is given. The island of Hvar is typical karst island with area of 297 km2, and coastline length of 270 km. A Mediterranean biome’ s climate has a mild, rainy season that coincides with winter. Hot, dry periods influences this biome’ s plant type characteristically made up of woody shrubs adapted to withstand drought. Mostly these shrubs are evergreen and typically have small, thick, waxy leaves designed to retain moisture. Practically many of these plants develop on thin, rocky degraded soils and contain highly flammable oils. A highly degree of division into parcels, physically delimited by very developed network of dry stonewalls, represented the most important feature of the whole Dinaric karst region, as well as the island of Hvar landscape. Classification of different shapes of stonewalls is given. Terracing by stonewalls is very effective measure against erosion. The influence on ecological and geomorphological processes is discussed. Stonewalls are of fundamental importance as a habitat for a very diverse Mediterranean flora and fauna.Wildfires have devastating effects on animals with limited mobility. Main reasons for this are: their poor dispersal ability ; their habitats on vegetation and in litter ; particularly their sensitivity to low humidity and shade. Changes of the biotic and abiotic factors above the ground lead to changes down through the MSS to deep karstic aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Massive stone clearing means entirely disappearance of stonewalls. This process could be very dangerous from ecological and hydrogeological point of view. It should be stressed that some scientists consider that many plants and animals actually need frequent fires to survive.

Monitoring of Fissures on Constructi on Trogir's Cathedral of St Lawrence (Sv Lovro), Croatia Building of Trogir's Cathedral of St Lawrence (Sv Lovro) started in 1193 and finished around 1500. The most notable features of the church is an Romanesque door carved around 1240 by Master Radovan. The Cathedral features a 14th century bell tower 47 m high. In the Cathedral is the Renaissance Chapel of St. Ivan. The decorations within the chapel were created from 1461 to 1497 by Firentinac and Duknovic. On the walls of the Cathedral multiply repaired fissures were noticed. These fissures are still existent. As it was decided that the construction needs a major repair, the works were preceded by instrumental monitoring of most obvious fissures. At the same time, air temperature and humidity within and outside the construction were measured. Devices used enable permanent reading of the fissure parameters, but the readings are taken only with period of one day or less. Devices were set up by the Italian Company SER.CO.EC. of Trieste. Monitoring was organized and conducted by regional office of the Croatian ministry of culture in Split. At first observations were recorded daily, but as it was found out that this was too frequent, this frequency was reduced. Initially, eleven sensors were used. Recorded data are presented as statistically observed time series. The results of this observations points on issue of the fissures. Some where connected with air temperature, some with past reparations works on construction.

Lo scopo principale di questo lavoro è stato quello di verificare, in condizioni controllate, il comportamento predatorio esibito da Crocidura leucodon (Hermann,1780) nei confronti di diverse specie di Artropodi, nonché la capacità di vanificare le difese chimiche di alcune di esse. Le prede utilizzate appartengono a numerosi ordini di Artropodi (Coleotteri, Chilopodi, Isopodi, Emitteri) sistemati in terrari di allevamento in cella termica (T = 22-24° C; L/D: 18/6). Le crocidure (n=2) provenienti dal Massicio del Pollino (1200 m s.l.m.; ottobre 2002) sono state allevate in terrario a T ambiente. Le osservazioni (Tmedio oss. 45 minuti), registrate con l?ausilio di una videocamera, sono state condotte in laboratorio dal 29/10/02 al 06/03/03, utilizzando arene sperimentali collegate al terrario di allevamento delle crocidure. I test sono stati condotti sia con gli animali nutriti che a digiuno. Gli esemplari di Crocidura leucodon nutriti hanno mostrato una marcata preferenza per specie di Carabidi non protette, Diplopodi (ignorati invece da altre specie di Soricidae), Isopodi e larve di Coleotteri, mentre i Carabidi con difese chimiche, o loro mimi, nelle fasi iniziali dell?esperimento venivano annusati ma mai attaccati. Le crocidure a digiuno, al contrario, consumavano qualsiasi preda venisse loro offerta, attaccando anche grossi carabidi. La latenza di attacco registrata nei confronti di prede non protette è risultata essere sempre notevolmente inferiore rispetto a quella di specie protette con ?warning colors? e ?warning odors?, e che presentano, inoltre, la caratteristica del movimento lento (sindrome della difesa chimica o CDS; Whitman et al. 1985) attraverso cui riescono efficacemente a difendersi dagli attacchi dei predatori naturali. Dopo una fase che si può ritenere di apprendimento, le crocidure hanno iniziato ad attaccare e consumare anche prede quali i Coleotteri bombardieri (Brachinus spp.), colpendoli ripetutamente sino all?esaurimento delle loro secrezioni di chinoni e acqua ad una T di 100° C espulse dalle ghiandole pigidiali. I dati preliminari sembrano suggerire una notevole plasticità comportamenetale in Crocidura leucodon, sicuramente non stereotipata ma modificabile in relazione alle differenti prede e all?esperienza.

Izgradnja brana i formiranje akumulacija u području krša jedan je od vrlo kompleksnih i najizazovnijih inženjerskih poduhvata s dugoročnim i često teško sagledivim posljedicama. Brane i njima stvorene akumulacije grade se uvijek i isključivo s jednom namjerom, poboljšati uvjete života i osigurati profit u područjima krša, koji su u pravilu u cijelom svijetu slabije razvijeni. Prilikom njihove izgradnje, a posebno dugotrajnijeg funkcioniranja (misli se na više desetaka godina) uočavaju se brojni problemi o kojima se nažalost nedovoljno obavještava stručna i znanstvena zajednica. Danas već postoje brojna iskustva od kojih su mnoga nažalost negativne. Na njih se ne treba gledati kao na nešto o čemu treba šutjeti, što je potrebno zataškavati („stavljati pod tepih“) već naprotiv. Na negativnim iskustvima može se mnogo toga naučiti te ih se treba iskoristiti da se budući zahvati grade sigurnije i jeftinije te da budu pouzdaniji.

U raspravu o jezerima najčešće se polazi od definicije da ona predstavljaju bilo koju vodom ispunjena kopnenu depresiju, koja nema neposredne veze s morem. U radu su tretirana vodena tijela koja, osim onih koja pripadaju prethodno navedenoj definiciji (umjetnih i prirodnih jezera), uključuju i jezera koja se formiraju u podzemlju krša, vlažna područja kao i povremena jezera. Takav pristup navodi na zaključak da u Hrvatskoj postoji mnogo veći broj jezera od onog a kojim se službeno operira. Namjera rada je ukazati na nezadovoljavajuće stanje u sveobuhvatnom izučavanju vrlo različitih vrsti jezera koja se pojavljuju u Hrvatskoj. O kompleksnoj problematici jezera u našoj državi nedovoljno se zna što izravno utječe i na činjenicu da se s njima ne upravlja na način koji može osigurati stabilan i održiv razvoj ovih ekološki, ekonomski i društveno izvanredno važnih vodnih fenomena. Naglasak je stavljen na utjecaj prirodnih i antropogenih čimbenika (prije svega izgradnje akumulacija i rada hidroelektrana) na funkcioniranje jezera i s njima vezanih otvorenih vodotoka. Od prirodnih jezera izneseni su primjeri: (1) Vranskog jezera na otoku Cresu ; (2) Plitvičkih jezera ; (3) Crvenog i Modrog jezera kod Imotskog. Vezano s utjecajem umjetnih jezera (akumulacija hidroelektrana) opisani su slučajevi: (1) tri akumulacije na rijeci Dravi ; (2) akumulacije Boljunčica ; (3) akumulacije Valići ; (4) akumulacije Sabljaki ; (5) akumulacije u sustavu RHE Velebit ; (6) akumulacije u sustavu Buško Blato. Istaknuta je potrebu tijesnije i iskrenije interdisciplinarne, a time i učinkovitije znanstvene suradnje između različitih znanstvenih disciplina koje se bave raznovrsnom problematikom jezera. U našim uvjetima nerijetko se dešava da se neka jezera izučavaju od strane različitih znanstvenih grana i disciplina, ali se nedovoljno često dešava da se takva izučavanja interdisciplinarno tretiraju. Takvu praksu neophodno je napustiti i osigurati suvremen i učinkovit pristup ovoj problematici koji će omogućiti dugoročni i pouzdani razvoj svih vrsta jezera kao osobito vrijednih fenomena bitnih sa stanovišta pružanja podrške okolišu i cjelokupnom razvoju države.