Search

Static aeroelastic deformations are nowadays considered as early as in the preliminary aircraft design stage, where low-fidelity linear aerodynamic modeling is favored because of its low computational cost. However, transonic flows are essentially nonlinear. The present work aims at assessing the impact of the aerodynamic level of fidelity used in preliminary aircraft design. Several fluid models ranging from the linear potential to the Navier&ndash, Stokes formulations were used to solve transonic flows for steady rigid aerodynamic and static aeroelastic computations on two benchmark wings: the Onera M6 and a generic airliner wing. The lift and moment loading distributions, as well as the bending and twisting deformations predicted by the different models, were examined, along with the computational costs of the various solutions. The results illustrate that a nonlinear method is required to reliably perform steady aerodynamic computations on rigid wings. For such computations, the best tradeoff between accuracy and computational cost is achieved by the full potential formulation. On the other hand, static aeroelastic computations are usually performed on optimized wings for which transonic effects are weak. In such cases, linear potential methods were found to yield sufficiently reliable results. If the linear method of choice is the doublet lattice approach, it must be corrected using a nonlinear solution.

As one of the results of an ambitious project, this handbook provides a well-structured directory of globally available software tools in the area of Integrated Computational MaterialsEngineering (ICME). The compilation covers models, software tools, and numerical methods allowing describingelectronic, atomistic, and mesoscopic phenomena, which in their combination determine themicrostructure and the properties of materials. It reaches out to simulations of componentmanufacture comprising primary shaping, forming, joining, coating, heat treatment, andmachining processes. Models and tools addressing the in-service behavior like fatigue, corrosion,and eventually recycling complete the compilation. An introductory overview is provided for each of these different modelling areas highlighting therelevant phenomena and also discussing the current state for the different simulation approaches.A must-have for researchers, application engineers, and simulation software providers seekinga holistic overview about the current state of the art in a huge variety of modelling topics. This handbook equally serves as a reference manual for academic and commercial software developersand providers, for industrial users of simulation software, and for decision makers seekingto optimize their production by simulations. In view of its sound introductions into the differentfields of materials physics, materials chemistry, materials engineering and materials processingit also serves as a tutorial for students in the emerging discipline of ICME, which requires a broadview on things and at least a basic education in adjacent fields.

International audience

A Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) tool that couples existing independent fluid and solid solvers into a single synchronization and communication framework based on the Python language is presented. Each solver has to be wrapped in a Python layer in order to embed their functionalities (usually written in a compiled language) into a Python object, that is called and used by the coupler. Thus a staggered strong coupling can be achieved for time-dependent FSI problems such as aeroelastic flutter or vortex-induced vibrations (VIV). The synchronization between the solvers is performed with the block- Gauss-Seidel algorithm and a dynamic under-relaxation. The tool allows non-matching meshes between the fluid and structure domains and it is optimised to work in parallel using Message Passive Interface (MPI). These capabilities are demonstrated on typical validation cases. The open-source code SU2 is used to compute the fluid region while the solid region is computed either by a simple rigid body integrator, by an in-house nonlinear Finite Element code (Metafor) or by the structural solver TACS. First, the accuracy of the results is demonstrated and then the modularity of the coupling as well as its ease of use is highlighted.

As one of the results of an ambitious project, this handbook provides a well-structured directory of globally available software tools in the area of Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME). The compilation covers models, software tools, and numerical methods allowing describing electronic, atomistic, and mesoscopic phenomena, which in their combination determine the microstructure and the properties of materials. It reaches out to simulations of component manufacture comprising primary shaping, forming, joining, coating, heat treatment, and machining processes. Models and tools addressing the in-service behavior like fatigue, corrosion, and eventually recycling complete the compilation. An introductory overview is provided for each of these different modelling areas highlighting the relevant phenomena and also discussing the current state for the different simulation approaches. A must-have for researchers, application engineers, and simulation software providers seeking a holistic overview about the current state of the art in a huge variety of modelling topics. This handbook equally serves as a reference manual for academic and commercial software developers and providers, for industrial users of simulation software, and for decision makers seeking to optimize their production by simulations. In view of its sound introductions into the different fields of materials physics, materials chemistry, materials engineering and materials processing it also serves as a tutorial for students in the emerging discipline of ICME, which requires a broad view on things and at least a basic education in adjacent fields.

As one of the results of an ambitious project, this handbook provides a well-structured directory of globally available software tools in the area of Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME). The compilation covers models, software tools, and numerical methods allowing describing electronic, atomistic, and mesoscopic phenomena, which in their combination determine the microstructure and the properties of materials. It reaches out to simulations of component manufacture comprising primary shaping, forming, joining, coating, heat treatment, and machining processes. Models and tools addressing the in-service behavior like fatigue, corrosion, and eventually recycling complete the compilation. An introductory overview is provided for each of these different modelling areas highlighting the relevant phenomena and also discussing the current state for the different simulation approaches. A must-have for researchers, application engineers, and simulation software providers seeking a holistic overview about the current state of the art in a huge variety of modelling topics. This handbook equally serves as a reference manual for academic and commercial software developers and providers, for industrial users of simulation software, and for decision makers seeking to optimize their production by simulations. In view of its sound introductions into the different fields of materials physics, materials chemistry, materials engineering and materials processing it also serves as a tutorial for students in the emerging discipline of ICME, which requires a broad view on things and at least a basic education in adjacent fields.

Friction stir welding process is a relatively recent welding process (patented in 1991). FSW is a solid-state joining process during which materials to be joined are not melted. During the FSW process, the behaviour of the material is at the interface between solid mechanics and fluid mechanics. In this paper, a 3D numerical model of the FSW process with a non-cylindrical tool based on a solid formulation is compared to another one based on a fluid formulation. Both models use advanced numerical techniques such as the Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian formulation, remeshing or the Orthogonal Sub-Grid Scale method. It is shown that these two formulations essentially deliver the same results.

In this paper a Lagrangian finite element approach for the simulation of incompressible flows is presented, based on the so-called Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM). The spatial discretization and the definition of the boundary terms are discussed in detail with a specific focus on free-surface flows. Additionally, some problems that can arise from the use of such a method are pointed out. Some numerical examples are given and discussed in the last section of the paper.