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Informed by the experiential-racism theoretical approach, which maintains that racism must be analyzed as a process that is manifested in multiple relations and situations in everyday life, interviews with 50 male and female black police officers in a southern state are drawn upon to analyze the impact race has on policing. Accounts demonstrate in considerable detail a shared perception of the continuing attitudinal and institutional dimensions of racism that impedes full participation in law enforcement agencies. Training, evaluation, discipline, assignment and promotion are discussed as processes within police agencies felt to be impacted by race. The conclusion is promoted that racism is persistent in agencies to the extent that white officers disproportionately occupy positions of authority with unfettered subjective discretion and to the extent there are few black officers relative to white officers. As an exploratory examination of the shared experiences and perceptions of black officers, findings should be further tested empirically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigates the effect of adsorption on the biodegradation of nitrilotriacetate (NTA) by Chelatobacter heintzii. Solution degradation of NTA; Desorption of NTA from gibbsite; Desorption-degradation of NTA at pH and pH 6; Desorption-degradation of NTA with equal molar copper (Co) at pH 7; Location of the Co.

Focuses on the disposal of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) in soil and subsurface environments. Influence of aqueous geochemistry on NTA degradation; Materials and methods used.

Discusses use of bioreclamation of organochlorine-contaminated soil and groundwater. Description of organohalogens; Limitations of bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons; Limited oxygen concentration in presence of extra biodegradable organic carbon; Potential for anaerobic treatment of organic contaminants; Improvements in technology brought about by increasing field experience.

Examines the persistence of resource island patterns in a shrub-steppe site following wildfire. Influence of Artemisia Tridentata on the chemistry and microbiological activity of the soil where it grows; Comparison between abutting burned and unburned sites; Analysis of the two soil samples for biological and chemical properties.

Presents a study which purified and characterized the ethylene diamine tetra-acetic (EDTA) monooxygenase. Discussion on the usage synthetic chelating agents; Information on diethylenetriaminepentaacetate and nitrilotriacetate; Methodology used to conduct the study; Results of the study.

This research examines the differential effects of imprisonment on the inmate's family-the hidden familial costs of imprisonment. Lengthy interviews were conducted with adult members of inmates' families in a sample drawn from a maximum security prison, and 46 of these are analyzed here. Problems with income, employment and child care were severe, pervasive, and subject to only minor changes over time. These affected spouses more than other family members. Deterioration of relationships with family and friends were also noted by many, showing a greater tendency for adjustment over time. Some of the strongest perceived effects of imprisonment on the family members were emotional, including problems of expressing and dealing with feelings, and problems of experiencing enjoyment in life. Social ties complicate the punitive consequences of incarceration, which stands in tension with a system of justice that is oriented to the individual rule violator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect's series Child Abuse and Neglect Research: Projects and Publications was examined using content analysis to ascertain the status of research approaches in child maltreatment. A review of the literature revealed critical evaluations of the state of research and suggested four areas of weakness in the purported child maltreatment research literature. The four criticisms were borne out; the strongest case could be made that much of what is reported as "research" and "studies of . . ." did not meet traditional standards of scientific inquiry. Based on the findings from the abstracts studied here, we urge higher standards in child maltreatment research to provide the best basis for developing programs which mean to have positive effects on the lives of affected children and families. The time has come to recognize the false promises made by the child maltreatment literature and move forward to build a body of knowledge which can survive rigorous scientific scrutiny. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined the relationship between adolescent motherhood and reported child maltreatment. The concept of "adolescent mother" is expanded to all mothers with one child born during adolescence-irrespective of the mother's age during the reported maltreatment. This study compared the groupings of "adolescent mothers" to all other reported mothers, using age at birth of the first child and age at reported maltreatment as discriminators. These three groups of mothers were compared on a variety of demographic and dynamic variables including whether the mothers lived with a male. This ex post facto study found the youngest mothers, living alone, to be subject to extreme poverty, often being a member of a minority group, and more commonly neglecting than physically abusive. All three groups of women followed a common path to maltreatment. A live-in male was found to have little effect. Implications and recommendations for further study are offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]