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This study draws on the recent release of complete information about earnings from the National Longitudinal Household Survey (Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Contínua - PNAD Contínua) for 2012-2018, to evaluate the targeting of the Bolsa Família Programme. The results confirm the expectations generated by previous studies: Bolsa Família improved its targeting over the period, which suggests that this progress resulted from continuous refinement of the programme's management, and not from any single measure adopted during any specific year. The analysis of the programme's concentration coefficient reveals that it has managed to enhance its potential to fight income inequality. Despite these indicators, it is estimated that nearly a fifth of the ten per cent poorest people in the country do not benefit from the programme. Bolsa Família's efficient targeting is driven by the poorest regions in the country (Northeast and North); these same regions also present the fewest exclusion errors. This suggests that the trade-off between inclusion and exclusion errors does not apply to subnational levels in Brazil. In a comparative analysis with other targeted programmes in Latin America, Bolsa Família proved to be one of the "benign" cases: it is comparatively well-targeted and has good coverage (low exclusion rates). The study also evaluates recent proposals to further refine the programme's targeting.

O Bolsa Família representa, atualmente a ferramenta de assistência social com maior capilaridade territorial no Brasil. O impacto social do programa reflete em diferentes dimensões analíticas, a exemplo do combate à pobreza e extrema pobreza, desigualdade de renda por gênero, o condicionamento à serviços básicos (saúde e educação), dentre outros elementos que remetem à questão social. Na esfera econômica observa-se que a relevância ocorre principalmente em municípios de pequeno padrão demográfico e com baixo dinamismo produtivo, comumente dependentes de repasses intergovernamentais e da administração pública. O mapeamento das informações referentes à vulnerabilidade social aponta para as disparidades regionais no território brasileiro, tanto em nível nacional quanto estadual. No Brasil ao comparar a quantidade de benefícios emitidos e/ou população em situação de pobreza e extrema pobreza, com a população estimada dos municípios ou os valores repassados com indicadores econômicos (PIB, receitas orçamentárias, dentre outros), destacam-se os casos do Semiárido Nordestino e Norte de Minas Gerais. No território goiano, ao considerar os critérios mencionados, destacam-se as Microrregiões do Vão do Paranã, Chapada dos Veadeiros e Porangatu, que direcionou a seleção dos municípios para amostragem da pesquisa de campo, na qual foi mensurado o impacto que o PBF desenvolve nos setores de comércio varejista e serviços. De maneira geral, os estabelecimentos possuíam um raio de atuação municipal. Quanto ao perfil da clientela foi observado participação proporcional das famílias residentes em áreas rurais na aquisição de produtos e serviços disponibilizados no perímetro urbano, sendo que as mulheres foram as principais responsáveis pelas aquisições. Nota-se, nas formas de pagamento, relações que remetem à sociedade camponesa, como por exemplo, a presença das “cadernetas” em parte significativa dos estabelecimentos. Em contrapartida, são raros os casos com presença de pagamentos informatizados (cartões de crédito ou débito). A relevância dos recursos oriundos do PBF foi constantemente denotado nas narrativas dos comerciantes locais tendo, em alguns casos, “mais de 50%” de interferência na arrecadação do estabelecimento. A pesquisa constatou que o PBF no Brasil não se restringe ao campo da assistência social, se caracterizando como instrumento dinamizador da economia municipal em localidades pouco atrativas à investimentos de capital privado e público. No território goiano, nas MRs supracitadas, é perceptível a relevância do programa como elemento de dinamização dos setores de comércio varejista e serviços. The Bolsa Familia Programme (Programa Bolsa Familia - PBF) is currently the social assistance tool with the largest territorial capillarity in Brazil. The social impact of the program reflects different analytical dimensions, such as the fight against poverty and extreme poverty, income inequality by gender, conditioning to basic services (health and education), among other elements that refers to the social issue. In the economic sphere, it can be observed that the relevance occurs mainly in municipalities with a small demographic pattern and low productive dynamism, commonly dependent on intergovernmental transfers and public administration. The mapping of information regarding social vulnerability points to regional disparities in the Brazilian territory, both at the national and state levels. In Brazil, when comparing the amount of benefits issued and/or population in situations of poverty and extreme poverty, with the estimated population of the municipalities or the values passed on with economic indicators (GDP of Brazil, budget revenues, among others), the cases of the Semiarid Northeast and North of Minas Gerais stand out. In the territory of Goiás, when considering the criteria mentioned above, the Microregions of Vão do Paranã, Chapada dos Veadeiros and Porangatu stand out, which directed the selection of municipalities for sampling the field research, in which the impact that the PBF develops in the retail trade and services sectors were measured. In general, the establishments had a municipal operating radius. Regarding the profile of the clientele, the proportional participation of families living in rural areas in the acquisition of products and services available in the urban perimeter was observed, with women being the main responsible for the acquisitions. In the forms of payment, there are relations that refer to peasant society, such as, for example, the presence of "booklets" in a significant part of the establishments. On the other hand, the presence of computerised payments (credit or debit cards) is rare. The relevance of PBF resources has been constantly denoted in the narratives of local merchants, with, in some cases, "more than 50%" of interference in the collection of the establishment. The research found that the PBF in Brazil is not restricted to the field of social assistance, being characterized as an instrument to stimulate the municipal economy in locations that are not attractive to private and public capital investments. In Goiás territory, in the aforementioned MRs, the relevance of the program as an element of dynamization of the retail trade and services sectors is noticeable. Outro

This study aims to analyze the living conditions and social protection of the beneficiary families of the Bolsa Família Programme in rural area county of Princesa Isabel - backlands of Paraiba. Initially, this search presents the scenario of social protection systems in the international arena and the construction of the Brazilian social protection system with emphasis on social security and public policy of social assistance. Discusses social protection under the hegemony of income security income transfer policies secured by the Social Assistance Policy in this context as well, it presents the design, progress and limits of the main Brazilian Cash Transfer Programmes: Bolsa Família Programme. Focusing on the BFP beneficiary families, we present under the gaze of those situations social protection/defenselessness who experience in their territory. Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar as condições de vida e de proteção social das famílias beneficiárias do Programa Bolsa Família residentes em território rural do município de Princesa Isabel- Sertão da Paraíba. Inicialmente, o trabalho apresenta o cenário dos sistemas de proteção social no âmbito internacional e a construção do sistema de proteção social brasileira com ênfase na Seguridade Social e na política pública de Assistência Social. Discute a proteção social sob a hegemonia das políticas de transferência de renda a segurança de renda afiançada pela Política de Assistência Social nesse contexto, bem como, apresenta o desenho, avanços e limites do principal Programa de Transferência de Renda brasileiro: Bolsa Família. Com foco nas famílias beneficiárias do PBF, apresentamos sob o olhar dessas, as situações de proteção/desproteção que vivenciam em seu território.

Integrating information for the purpose of articulating social protection policies is hard work. It requires a combination of political will, capacity for institutional cooperation, software development and direct communication channels with citizens. Because of this complexity, countries that pursue this objective often cooperate to exchange knowledge, and the Brazilian Single Registry (Cadastro Único), the backbone of some 20 social protection programmes, is frequently cited as a successful example of integration. By sharing the experience of the Single Registry, this text discusses some of the essential elements required to design and operate such instruments of social policy integration. It brings to light some of the challenges that are still being faced to fulfil the promise of greater integration among social protection programmes and to provide greater ease of access and respect to citizens. [...]

Conditional cash transfer programmes have been increasingly adopted by several low and middle-income countries. Despite this overall acceptance, conditionalities remain under scrutiny regarding their possible independent effects on educational and health indicators. This paper is an ecological study of conditionalities in Brazil's Bolsa Família programme. As programme coverage (taken as a proxy of cash transfers) and monitoring and enforcement of the educational conditionalities (proxy of conditionalities) are not correlated at the municipal level, this study fits a number of different ordinary least square (OLS) and growth-curve models to explain variations in drop-out rates and school progression in basic education in public schools across municipalities. After controlling for potential confounding factors, we do not find a positive association between Bolsa Famìlia coverage and drop-out and progression rates (in either OLS or growth-curve models). On the other hand, monitoring of school attendance is negatively associated with drop-out rates and positively associated with school progression (in the OLS model and in the initial status of the growth-curve model). The association between attendance monitoring and the rate of change of the educational indicators studied is not what was expected, however - suggesting that its positive effect on educational indicators (found in the initial status) tends to be less significant for the rate of change of the variables of interest.

Texto completo. Acesso restrito. p. 57–64 Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-10-16T18:43:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 1111.pdf: 183467 bytes, checksum: f3ac5186bb3a7ffd4b5164269fba2a80 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Patricia Barroso (pbarroso@ufba.br) on 2013-10-30T18:12:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 1111.pdf: 183467 bytes, checksum: f3ac5186bb3a7ffd4b5164269fba2a80 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-10-30T18:12:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1111.pdf: 183467 bytes, checksum: f3ac5186bb3a7ffd4b5164269fba2a80 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 Background In the past 15 years, Brazil has undergone notable social and public health changes, including a large reduction in child mortality. The Bolsa Familia Programme (BFP) is a widespread conditional cash transfer programme, launched in 2003, which transfers cash to poor households (maximum income US$70 per person a month) when they comply with conditions related to health and education. Transfers range from $18 to $175 per month, depending on the income and composition of the family. We aimed to assess the effect of the BFP on deaths of children younger than 5 years (under-5), overall and resulting from specific causes associated with poverty: malnutrition, diarrhoea, and lower respiratory infections. Methods The study had a mixed ecological design. It covered the period from 2004–09 and included 2853 (of 5565) municipalities with death and livebirth statistics of adequate quality. We used government sources to calculate all-cause under-5 mortality rates and under-5 mortality rates for selected causes. BFP coverage was classified as low (0·0–17·1%), intermediate (17·2–32·0%), high (>32·0%), or consolidated (>32·0% and target population coverage ≥100% for at least 4 years). We did multivariable regression analyses of panel data with fixed-effects negative binomial models, adjusted for relevant social and economic covariates, and for the effect of the largest primary health-care scheme in the country (Family Health Programme). Findings Under-5 mortality rate, overall and resulting from poverty-related causes, decreased as BFP coverage increased. The rate ratios (RR) for the effect of the BFP on overall under-5 mortality rate were 0·94 (95% CI 0·92–0·96) for intermediate coverage, 0·88 (0·85–0·91) for high coverage, and 0·83 (0·79–0·88) for consolidated coverage. The effect of consolidated BFP coverage was highest on under-5 mortality resulting from malnutrition (RR 0·35; 95% CI 0·24–0·50) and diarrhoea (0·47; 0·37–0·61). Interpretation A conditional cash transfer programme can greatly contribute to a decrease in childhood mortality overall, and in particular for deaths attributable to poverty-related causes such as malnutrition and diarrhoea, in a large middle-income country such as Brazil. Funding National Institutes of Science and Technology Programme, Ministry of Science and Technology, and Council for Scientific and Technological Development Programme (CNPq), Brazil. Salvador

This paper evaluates the impact of the 2007 expansion of the Bolsa Família programme to families with youths aged 16 to 17 years (Benefício Variável Jovem) on the time allocation of youths and on the labour supply of adults. The differences-in-difference estimator was used to compare households among the poorest 20 per cent with youths of 16 years of age with households in the same income bracket with youths of 15 years of age. The results show that granting the benefit had a significant and positive impact on school attendance and on the decision of young people to study and work at the same time. The effects on school attendance were stronger for males and when the child was the youngest in the household. With respect to the labour supply of parents, a positive impact was found on the mothers' probability of employment.

Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos This thesis aims to evaluate the impact of the Bolsa Familia Programme in food consumption of attended families. Given that the beneficiaries are poor and extremely poor families, we want to know what are the program s contribution for security of these families. We used data from the Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares 2008/2009, conducted by the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, related to food consumption of the beneficiary (treatment group) and non-beneficiary (control group) families. Using propensity score matching method was possible to compare families very similar in their observable characteristics. We have found that the program contributes to increase food consumption of beneficiary families, once these families presented statistically and significantly higher expenses than non-beneficiary families. Also, he program collaborates to elevate the proportion of children and youth with normal corporal mass index, and increases the proportion of adults with obesity problems - these results can be indirectly associated. O trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar o impacto do Programa Bolsa Família no consumo de alimentos das famílias beneficiadas. Dado que os beneficiários são famílias pobres e extremamente pobres, qual a contribuição do programa quanto à segurança alimentar dessas famílias, ou seja, qual a sua colaboração para que as famílias saiam da situação de insegurança alimentar? São utilizados dados da Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares 2008/2009, realizada pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, quanto ao consumo de alimentos das famílias beneficiadas (grupo de tratamento) e não beneficiadas (grupo de controle) pelo programa. A partir do método de propensity score matching, realiza-se o pareamento entre as famílias, de modo que se possam comparar unidades de observação muito semelhantes quanto às suas características observáveis. Verifica-se que o programa contribui para aumentar o consumo de alimentos das famílias beneficiadas, principalmente dos alimentos que fazem parte da cesta básica brasileira, uma vez que estas famílias apresentaram gastos mais elevados e significativos do que as famílias que não são beneficiadas. Quanto ao impacto no status nutricional, destaca-se que o programa colabora para elevar a percentagem de crianças e adolescentes com índice de massa corporal normal e de adultos com obesidade, resultados que indiretamente podem ser associados com a situação de segurança alimentar.

O objetivo desta dissertação é compreender os efeitos do Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) sobre o mercado de trabalho de seus beneficiários e analisar alguns de seus possíveis efeitos adversos. O PBF é uma transferência de renda destinada às famílias de baixa renda com o intuito de aliviar a condição de pobreza extrema e gerar capital humano por meio das condicionalidades. Utilizou-se nas análises um painel longitudinal de dados provenientes das duas rodadas da Pesquisas de Avaliação de Impacto do Programa Bolsa Família (AIBF I e II, conduzidas nos anos de 2005 e 2009, respectivamente) realizada por contratação do Ministério de Desenvolvimento Social e Combate à Fome (MDS). A metodologia empregada teve como base o método das diferenças em diferenças concomitante ao pareamento por escore de propensão. Os resultados empíricos obtidos ajudam a refutar a hipótese do “efeito preguiça”, demonstram um incentivo à sub-declaração da renda dos beneficiários; um aumento da informalidade laboral e um desincentivo à procura por trabalho dos indivíduos beneficiários. The aim of this dissertation is to understand the effects of the Bolsa Familia Programme (PBF) over the labor market of its beneficiaries and analyze its likely adverse effects. The PBF is a conditional cash transfer designated to low income household in order to alleviate extreme poverty and generate human capital through its conditionalities. It was used a longitudinal panel data made of first and second PBF impact evaluation surveys (held in 2005 and 2009, respectively) performed by hiring of the Ministry of Social Development and Fight against Hunger (MDS). The methodology applied was the difference in differences combined with the propensity score matching. The empirical results obtained, help to disprove the hypothesis of "laziness effect", demonstrate an incentive to under-reporting of income of the beneficiaries; an increase in labor informality and a disincentive to looking for new jobs for the beneficiary individuals.