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With many international entities pushing for the protection of 30% of terrestrial and marine habitat by 2030 through the 30x30 global initiative, the expansion of protected areas (PA) will inevitably interface with populations carrying lived experiences of PA management as well as their community's collective memory of how the promises and outcomes of previous PA establishments materialized. One community recently experiencing a government's desire to expand a PA is the Ngöbe Indigenous community of Salt Creek, located in and around the Bastimentos Island National Marine Park in Bocas del Toro, Panama. This qualitative case study applies an intergenerational social capital lens to demonstrate that time does not heal past grievances with park administration as broken social capital is a type of intergenerational trauma. It is suggested that repairing social capital is vital to achieving future sustainable tourism and global PA targets but will be a long and intentional process to overcome the collective memory of broken promises. While governments may find it expedient to expand PAs in areas with less resistance, we suggest the investment in repairing social capital will likely lead to better social and environmental outcomes and better align with the ethos of sustainable tourism and collaborative governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While many have noted how country-level animosity negatively influences destination choice, little is known about factors that may dissipate animosity's pervasive influence over destination choice. This paper uses Cognitive Dissonance Theory as the theoretical backing to investigate how social return, a consonant cognition focused on the anticipated positive responses from posting travel photos on social media, mediates the negative influence of animosity, a dissonant cognition, has on intent to travel. One thousand six hundred fifty-three respondents from the United States' top five international markets (Canada, China, Japan, Mexico, and the U.K.) were surveyed with results showing social return partially mediating the relationship between animosity and intent to travel. These findings suggest target markets with high levels of animosity should not be entirely abandoned because there are psychological mechanisms to help dissipate or alleviate the negative effects of animosity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers have yet to examine emotional solidarity (ES) shared between residents and peer-to-peer accommodation (P2PA) hosts. Data collected from a survey of 325 residents in Savannah, GA shows ES to have a direct effect on the perceptions of the positive and negative impacts of P2PAs and that ES's influence on support for ES is mediated through these perceived impacts. This suggests the importance of having P2PA hosts living in the community where residents can get to know them and understand the importance of the P2PA to the host's income and quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grounded in Weber's theory of formal and substantive rationality, this study aims to examine the influences of economic and noneconomic factors, namely resident empowerment and trust, on resident support for gaming tourism, a controversial type of tourism development. In particular, with data collected before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, the study also examines how resident perceptions of economic and noneconomic benefits of tourism have changed as a result of the pandemic. Findings show that perceived economic benefits and trust in government were significant determinants before and during the pandemic; however, the effects of empowerment seem to be mixed, depending on how controversial gaming tourism was at the time of data collection. Results suggest gaming tourism is viewed more critically during periods of high volume and that when gaming tourism dries up, residents start to become more supportive and to see the economic and noneconomic benefits in a different light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although research indicates deer management cooperatives (DMCs) provide the needed means to influence large-scale resource management changes, research has yet to identify which conservation initiatives DMC members find important and would likely implement. Therefore, we performed an Importance-Likelihood Analysis to ascertain which conservation initiatives DMC members find important and their likelihood of carrying out these initiatives. Results from our survey of 459 DMC members across 5 U.S. states found that the conservation initiatives of "increasing days spent on habitat management" and "managing habitat for species other than white-tailed deer" fell within the "Keep up the Good Work" quadrant. The conservation behavior of "enrolling in government cost-share programs" fell in the "Hard Sell" quadrant, and the initiatives of "becoming members of conservation NGOs," and "increasing money spent on habitat management" fell in the "Communicate Value/Importance" quadrant. Thus, managers gain insight to improve the likelihood of users implementing a given conservation behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With peer perceptions of vacation pictures on social media becoming firmly entrenched into the tourist psyche and the destination selection process, this paper buttresses the burgeoning research on social return's influence on travel behaviour through additional theoretical development and empirical investigation. The paper assesses the cross-cultural construct and predictive validity of the Social Return Scale across the United States of America's top-five international travel markets (Canada, Mexico, United Kingdom, Japan, and China) using a modified Theory of Planned Behaviour model grounded in Guttman's means-end chain model and Kenrick's Fundamental Motives Framework. Results confirm the scale's superb validity providing researchers with the theoretical and empirical support to confidently utilize the Social Return Scale to measure the perceived social return of different travel experiences across different contexts and cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In urban destinations, Peer-to-peer accommodations (P2PAs), e.g., Airbnb, HomeAway, have experienced exponential growth and are shifting the vertices of the residential and tourism landscapes. As the nodes of visitor access appear deeper within backstage places, resident non-hosts face socio-cultural impacts that can influence their attitudes towards P2PAs and subsequent P2PA success in urban destinations. Predicated upon the resident non-host stakeholder's attitudes towards P2PAs, this paper offers a conceptual model situated within socio-ecological systems and chaos theories to help guide P2PA management and planning within urban tourism destinations. The proposed model posits that P2PA density, location, and the pace of their growth can propel a destination towards its critical social carrying capacity or delay reaching this critical threshold depending on how urban destinations leverage P2PA disruptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Though "iconic species" are mentioned throughout the environmental discourse, this concept is seldom operationalized in conservation research. This study proposes the Iconic Species Scale (ISS) to assess perceptions of iconic characters and the value of species. The ISS was developed and tested across two species (sea turtles/live oaks) and two participant types (residents/tourists) (N = 457) to assess scale reliability and validity. Following scale development approaches, the ISS was refined and verified through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Statistical measures confirmed a two-factor structure and measurement equality across the case species and participant groups. While further testing across cultural and species contexts is recommended, the ISS is presented as a reliable and valid scale to gauge the iconicity of species across various stakeholders. As certain species are often the face of conservation efforts, iconic species are a particularly important aspect of stakeholder support and paramount to building political support for environmental management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]