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8. List of Contributors

Author

Aphale, Ashish, primary, Atkinson, Alan, additional, Bae, Joongmyeon, additional, Bertei, Antonio, additional, Bianco, Manuel, additional, Boldrin, Paul, additional, Brandon, Nigel P., additional, Cassidy, Mark, additional, Cooper, Samuel J., additional, Greco, Fabio, additional, Hu, Boxun, additional, Ivey, Douglas G., additional, Larring, Yngve, additional, Leah, Rob, additional, Liang, Chiying, additional, Linder, Markus, additional, Mukerjee, Subhasish, additional, Neagu, Dragos, additional, Ruiz-Trejo, Enrique, additional, Sasaki, Kazunari, additional, Savaniu, Cristian, additional, Selby, Mark, additional, Singh, Prabhakar, additional, Stevenson, Graham, additional, Tariq, Farid, additional, Van herle, Jan, additional, and Wood, Tony, additional

Published
2017
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9. Microstructural Degradation

Author

Tariq, Farid, primary, Ruiz-Trejo, Enrique, additional, Bertei, Antonio, additional, Boldrin, Paul, additional, and Brandon, Nigel P., additional

Published
2017
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15. Analysis of H2O-induced surface degradation in SrCoO3-derivatives and its impact on redox kinetics.

Author

Cavallaro, Andrea, Wilson, George E., Kerherve, Gwilherm, Cali, Eleonora, van den Bosch, Celeste A. M., Boldrin, Paul, Payne, David, Skinner, Stephen J., and Aguadero, Ainara

Abstract

Substituted SrCoO3 perovskites have been proposed as promising mixed ionic electronic conductors for a range of applications including intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs), electrolysers and thermochemical water splitting reactors for H2 production. In this work we investigate the effect of sample exposure to water in substituted SrCoO3 powders and thin films and correlate it with the degradation of oxygen mobility and kinetics. SrCo0.95Sb0.05O3−δ (SCS) thin films have been deposited on different single crystal substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). After water cleaning and post annealing at 300 °C, the sample surface presented an increase of the SrO-surface species as observed by ex situ X-ray Photoemission Spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. This increase in SrO at the sample surface has also been confirmed by the Low Energy Ion Scattering (LEIS) technique on both SCS thin film and powder. Thermochemical water splitting experiments on SCS and SrCo0.95Mo0.05O3−δ (SCM) powder revealed a phase degradation under water oxidising conditions at high temperature with the formation of the trigonal phase Sr6Co5O15. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis of SCS powder treated with water suggests that this phase degradation could already superficially start at Room Temperature (RT). By isotope exchange depth profile experiments on SCS thin films, we were able to quantify the oxygen diffusivity in this SCS surface decomposed layer (D* = 5.1 × 10−17 cm2 s−1 at 400 °C). In the specific case of bulk powder, the effect of water superficial decomposition translates into a lower oxidation and reduction kinetics as demonstrated by comparative thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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16. Anode fabrication for solid oxide fuel cells: Electroless and electrodeposition of nickel and silver into doped ceria scaffolds

Author

Jamil, Zadariana, Ruiz-Trejo, Enrique, Boldrin, Paul, Brandon, Nigel P., and Engineering & Physical Science Research Council (E

Subjects
Energy, Fuel Technology, Electrodeposition, Solid oxide fuel cell, Ni/GDC, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Electroless, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Anode fabrication, 03 Chemical Sciences, Condensed Matter Physics, 09 Engineering
Abstract

© 2016 The Authors.A novel fabrication method using electroless and electrodeposited Ni/Ag/GDC for SOFC anodes is presented. First a porous Ce0.9Gd0.1O2-x (GDC) scaffold was deposited on a YSZ electrolyte by screen printing and sintering. The scaffold was then metallized with silver using Tollens reaction, followed by electrodeposition of nickel from a Watts bath. The electrodes (Ni/Ag/GDC) were tested in both symmetrical and fuel cell configurations. The microstructures of the Ni/Ag/GDC anodes were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Nano-particles of Ni formed in the porous GDC scaffold provided triple phase boundaries (TPB). The electronic conductivity of the Ni/Ag/GDC (3.5/24.7/71.8 vol%) electrode was good even at relatively low Ni volume fractions. The electrochemical performance was examined in different concentrations of humidified hydrogen (3% H2O) and over a range of temperatures (600-750 °C). The total area specific resistance (ASR) of the anode at 750 °C in humidified 97 vol% H2 was 1.12 Ω cm2, with low-frequency polarization (R-l) as the largest contributor. The electrodes were successfully integrated into a fuel cell and operated in both H2 and syngas.

Published
2016
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19. Design of Fibre Ni/CGO Anode and Model Interpretation

Author

Ouyang, Mengzheng, primary, Bertei, Antonio, additional, Cooper, Samuel J, additional, Wu, Yufei, additional, Liu, Xinhua, additional, Boldrin, Paul, additional, Kishimoto, Masashi, additional, Wu, Billy, additional, and Brandon, Nigel P, additional

Published
2019
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23. Proxy-based accelerated discovery of Fischer–Tropsch catalysts† †Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Details of synthesis, analysis and testing, validation experiments for high-throughput XRD and gas treatment, details of statistical analysis and calculations, tabulation of synthesis parameters and XRD results, alternatives to Fig. 3 highlighting different data points, FTS testing results displayed graphically. See DOI: 10.1039/c4sc02116a Click here for additional data file

Author

Boldrin, Paul, Gallagher, James R., Combes, Gary B., Enache, Dan I., James, David, Ellis, Peter R., Kelly, Gordon, Claridge, John B., and Rosseinsky, Matthew J.

Subjects
Chemistry
Abstract

High-throughput XRD and TGA are used to screen hundreds of candidate Fischer–Tropsch synthesis catalyst samples per month for particle size, reducibility and stability under operating conditions. A series of highly stable catalysts based on Co-Ru-Mg-Al2O3 are identified., Development of heterogeneous catalysts for complex reactions such as Fischer–Tropsch synthesis of fuels is hampered by difficult reaction conditions, slow characterisation techniques such as chemisorption and temperature-programmed reduction and the need for long term stability. High-throughput (HT) methods may help, but their use has until now focused on bespoke micro-reactors for direct measurements of activity and selectivity. These are specific to individual reactions and do not provide more fundamental information on the materials. Here we report using simpler HT characterisation techniques (XRD and TGA) along with ageing under Fischer–Tropsch reaction conditions to provide information analogous to metal surface area, degree of reduction and thousands of hours of stability testing time for hundreds of samples per month. The use of this method allowed the identification of a series of highly stable, high surface area catalysts promoted by Mg and Ru. In an advance over traditional multichannel HT reactors, the chemical and structural information we obtain on the materials allows us to identify the structural effects of the promoters and their effects on the modes of deactivation observed.

Published
2014

28. The effect of Mg location on Co-Mg-Ru/γ-Al2O3 Fischer–Tropsch catalysts

Author

Gallagher, James R., Boldrin, Paul, Combes, Gary B., Ozkaya, Don, Enache, Dan I., Ellis, Peter R., Kelly, Gordon, Claridge, John B., and Rosseinsky, Matthew J.

Subjects
catalysis, General Science & Technology, XRD, Articles, cobalt, alumina, MD Multidisciplinary, Fischer–Tropsch, Research Article
Abstract

© 2016 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved.The effectiveness of Mg as a promoter of Co-Ru/γ-Al2O3 Fischer-Tropsch catalysts depends on how and when the Mg is added. When the Mg is impregnated into the support before the Co and Ru addition, some Mg is incorporated into the support in the form of MgxAl2O3+x if the material is calcined at 550°C or 800°C after the impregnation, while the remainder is present as amorphous MgO/MgCO3 phases. After subsequent Co-Ru impregnation MgxCo3-xO4 is formed which decomposes on reduction, leading to Co(0) particles intimately mixed with Mg, as shown by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The process of impregnating Co into an Mg-modified support results in dissolution of the amorphous Mg, and it is this Mg which is then incorporated into MgxCo3-xO4. Acid washing or higher temperature calcination after Mg impregnation can remove most of this amorphous Mg, resulting in lower values of x in MgxCo3-xO4. Catalytic testing of these materials reveals that Mg incorporation into the Co oxide phase is severely detrimental to the site-Time yield, while Mg incorporation into the support may provide some enhancement of activity at high temperature.

Published
2016

31. Liquid-Based Synthesis of Nickel- and Lanthanum- Co-Doped Strontium Titanates for Use as Anodes in All-Ceramic Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anodes

Author

Robert, Graham, Boldrin, Paul, and Brandon, Nigel P

Abstract

Nickel- lanthanum- co-doped compositions of strontium titanate have been synthesized and characterized by a scaleable liquid-based synthesis that may offer an alternative to conventional solid-state synthesis. La0.52Sr0.28Ti0.94Ni0.06O3 is synthesized from soluble precursors followed by calcination in air. The materials can be made phase pure at temperatures as low as 1250degC, as highlighted by X-ray diffraction, and nickel exsolves in hydrogen in the same way as solid-state-synthesized material. The particle size can be varied by calcination temperature and ball milling between 2 um and 20 um. The material is then measured electrochemically by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and 4-point DC conductivity. A reduction in particle size from 20 um to 9 um results in a large improvement in impedance response measured.

Published
2019

37. Novel Composite Cermet for Low-Metal-Content Oxygen Separation Membranes

Author

Ruiz-Trejo, Enrique, primary, Boldrin, Paul, additional, Lubin, Alexandra, additional, Tariq, Farid, additional, Fearn, Sarah, additional, Chater, Richard, additional, Cook, Stuart N., additional, Atkinson, Alan, additional, Gruar, Robert I., additional, Tighe, Christopher J., additional, Darr, Jawwad, additional, and Brandon, Nigel P., additional

Published
2014
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39. Preparation of Fischer–Tropsch Supported Cobalt Catalysts Using a New Gas Anti-Solvent Process

Author

Marin, Raimon P., primary, Kondrat, Simon A., additional, Gallagher, James R., additional, Enache, Dan I., additional, Smith, Paul, additional, Boldrin, Paul, additional, Davies, Thomas E., additional, Bartley, Jonathan K., additional, Combes, Garry B., additional, Williams, Peter B., additional, Taylor, Stuart H., additional, Claridge, John B., additional, Rosseinsky, Matthew J., additional, and Hutchings, Graham J., additional

Published
2013
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40. Methane Pulse Study on Nickel Impregnated Gadolinium Doped Ceria

Author

Ouyang, Mengzheng, Boldrin, Paul, and Brandon, Nigel P.

Abstract

Ni/CGO was prepared via impregnation. A facile methane pulse experiment was performed on Ni/CGO under SOFC operating condition. The outlet gas was monitored by a quadrupole mass spectrometer. A Van-Mars Krevelen type mechanism was proposed for methane reaction on Ni/CGO and analyzed in detail. The method showed promising prospect in analyzing mechanism of hydrocarbon oxidation and the results provide a new insight in the strategy of preventing carbon deposition on nickel catalyst when operating as a SOFC anode materials.

Published
2017

41. High-Throughput Continuous Hydrothermal Synthesis of an Entire Nanoceramic Phase Diagram

Author

Weng, Xiaole, primary, Cockcroft, Jeremy K., additional, Hyett, Geoffrey, additional, Vickers, Martin, additional, Boldrin, Paul, additional, Tang, Chiu C., additional, Thompson, Stephen P., additional, Parker, Julia E., additional, Knowles, Jonathan C., additional, Rehman, Ihtesham, additional, Parkin, Ivan, additional, Evans, Julian R. G., additional, and Darr, Jawwad A., additional

Published
2009
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48. Novel Composite Cermet for Low-Metal-Content OxygenSeparation Membranes.

Author

Ruiz-Trejo, Enrique, Boldrin, Paul, Lubin, Alexandra, Tariq, Farid, Fearn, Sarah, Chater, Richard, Cook, Stuart N., Atkinson, Alan, Gruar, Robert I., Tighe, Christopher J., Darr, Jawwad, and Brandon, Nigel P.

Subjects
*CERAMIC metals, *OXYGEN, *SEPARATION (Technology), *ARTIFICIAL membranes, *NANOPARTICLES manufacturing, *ELECTROLESS deposition, *SILVER, *COMPOSITE materials
Abstract

A dense composite of silver and Ce0.8Sm0.2O2−δ(Ag-CSO) wasmanufactured from ceramicnanoparticles coated by electroless deposition of silver. At 700 °C,a 1-mm-thick membrane of the composite delivered an excellent oxygenpermeation rate from air with a value of 0.04 μmol cm–2s–1, using argon as the sweep gas and 0.17 μmolcm–2s–1using hydrogen. The lowsintering temperature of the CSO nanoparticles allows the use of Agrather than Pt or Pd and reduces the amount of metal needed for electronicconductivity to just 5.6 vol %, which is lower than any value reportedin the literature. Oxygen diffusivity measurements confirmed thatthe oxygen migration remained high in the composite, with an increasein surface exchange coefficient of three orders of magnitude overGd-doped ceria. The ease of membrane fabrication, combined with encouragingoxygen permeation rates, demonstrate the promise of the material forhigh-purity oxygen separation below 700 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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50. Direct syntheses of La n +1Ni n O3 n +1 phases (n=1, 2, 3 and ∞) from nanosized co-crystallites

Author

Weng, Xiaole, Boldrin, Paul, Abrahams, Isaac, Skinner, Stephen J., Kellici, Suela, and Darr, Jawwad A.

Subjects
*FUEL cells, *ELECTRIC batteries, *ELECTRIC power production from chemical action, *ELECTROCHEMISTRY
Abstract

Abstract: A new direct route for the “bottom up” syntheses of phases in the La n +1Ni n O3 n +1 series (n=1, 2, 3 and ∞) has been achieved via single-step heat treatments of nanosized co-crystallized precursors. The co-crystallized precursors were prepared using a continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis system that uses a superheated water flow at ca. 400°C and 24.1MPa to produce nanoparticulate slurries. Overall, a significant reduction in time and number of steps for the syntheses of La3Ni2O7 and La4Ni3O10 was achieved compared with more conventional synthesis methods, which typically require multiple homogenization and reheating steps over several days. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2008
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