55,196 results on '"Boland"'
Search Results
2. Perspectives of People with Stroke, Caregivers and Healthcare Professionals on an Adaptive mHealth Intervention for Physical Activity in the Prevention of Secondary Stroke: A Qualitative Study
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Cardy N, Hunter A, Carter D, O’Donoghue M, Carvalho M, Carr E, Walsh JC, Bernhardt J, Fitzsimons C, Richardson I, Salsberg J, Glynn L, Walsh C, O’Driscoll E, Boland P, Cunningham N, Forbes J, Galvin R, and Hayes S
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physical activity ,stroke ,adaptive intervention ,intervention design ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Nathan Cardy,1 Andrew Hunter,2 Daniel Carter,1 Mairead O’Donoghue,1 Márcia Carvalho,3 Emma Carr,1 Jane C Walsh,3 Julie Bernhardt,4 Claire Fitzsimons,5 Ita Richardson,6 Jon Salsberg,7 Liam Glynn,7 Cathal Walsh,8 Edina O’Driscoll,9 Pauline Boland,1 Nora Cunningham,10 John Forbes,7 Rose Galvin,1 Sara Hayes1 1School of Allied Health, Ageing Research Centre, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; 2School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; 3School of Psychology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; 4Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; 5Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, Institute Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; 6Department of Computer Science and Information Systems, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; 7School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; 8School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; 9Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland; 10University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, IrelandCorrespondence: Sara Hayes, Email sara.hayes@ul.ieIntroduction: Engaging in regular physical activity (PA) is associated with lower mortality following stroke, and PA reduces the chance of recurrent stroke. Despite recent guidelines to optimise PA following stroke, people with stroke are known to be less active than their age-matched counterparts. Given the heterogenous nature of stroke, adaptive PA interventions are recommended for people with stroke. Empirical data is lacking on adaptive PA or behavioural change interventions following stroke. Suggested strategies in the prevention of stroke recommend the use of mobile health (mHealth) interventions in the primary prevention of stroke. A structured stakeholder consultation process is key to successful implementation of complex interventions. This paper reports the findings of our consultation process to inform the development of an adaptive mHealth PA.Methods: We used a qualitative study design to explore the perspectives of key stakeholders on the development of an adaptive PA intervention delivered via mHealth post-stroke. Healthcare workers, carers and people with stroke participated in semi-structured one-to-one or focus group interviews. A reflexive thematic analysis was undertaken on transcribed interviews; key themes and sub-themes were developed using coding and summarised by two researchers, then reviewed by the full research team.Results: Twenty-eight stakeholders were interviewed and three main themes were identified; Key feature of a mHealth intervention, delivering a mHealth intervention, Challenges to development and use. There was widespread agreement across stakeholder groups that an adaptive mHealth PA intervention following stroke would be beneficial to people with stroke, following discharge from acute care.Conclusion: Our consultation supports the development of an adaptive PA programme that addresses specific impairments that can hinder exercise participation after stroke.Keywords: physical activity, stroke, adaptive intervention, intervention design
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- 2024
3. Thinking Theologically about the Divine Ideas: Reexamining the "Summa" of Thomas Aquinas by Benjamin R. DeSpain (review)
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Boland, Vivian
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- 2023
4. The top five mistakes made by self-directed investors in NZ
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Boland, Greg
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- 2024
5. Historic Places as Source Material: Utilizing the National Register in Heritage Education
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Boland, Beth M.
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- 2023
6. Expanding the Radicalization Framework: A Case Study of Tajik Migration to Russia
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Vuković, Siniša and Boland, India
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- 2022
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7. Diagnostic accuracy and clinical impact of MRI-based technologies for patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: systematic review and economic evaluation
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Bresnahan Rebecca, Duarte Rui, Mahon James, Beale Sophie, Chaplin Marty, Bhattacharyya Devarshi, Houten Rachel, Edwards Katherine, Nevitt Sarah, Maden Michelle, and Boland Angela
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biopsy ,cost-benefit analysis ,economic models ,humans ,inflammation ,liver cirrhosis ,magnetic resonance imaging ,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ,routine diagnostic tests ,technology ,Medical technology ,R855-855.5 - Abstract
Background Magnetic resonance imaging-based technologies are non-invasive diagnostic tests that can be used to assess non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Objectives The study objectives were to assess the diagnostic test accuracy, clinical impact and cost-effectiveness of two magnetic resonance imaging-based technologies (LiverMultiScan and magnetic resonance elastography) for patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease for whom advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis had not been diagnosed and who had indeterminate results from fibrosis testing, or for whom transient elastography or acoustic radiation force impulse was unsuitable, or who had discordant results from fibrosis testing. Data sources The data sources searched were MEDLINE, MEDLINE Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Database of Controlled Trials, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects and the Health Technology Assessment. Methods A systematic review was conducted using established methods. Diagnostic test accuracy estimates were calculated using bivariate models and a summary receiver operating characteristic curve was calculated using a hierarchical model. A simple decision-tree model was developed to generate cost-effectiveness results. Results The diagnostic test accuracy review (13 studies) and the clinical impact review (11 studies) only included one study that provided evidence for patients who had indeterminate or discordant results from fibrosis testing. No studies of patients for whom transient elastography or acoustic radiation force impulse were unsuitable were identified. Depending on fibrosis level, relevant published LiverMultiScan diagnostic test accuracy results ranged from 50% to 88% (sensitivity) and from 42% to 75% (specificity). No magnetic resonance elastography diagnostic test accuracy data were available for the specific population of interest. Results from the clinical impact review suggested that acceptability of LiverMultiScan was generally positive. To explore how the decision to proceed to biopsy is influenced by magnetic resonance imaging-based technologies, the External Assessment Group presented cost-effectiveness analyses for LiverMultiScan plus biopsy versus biopsy only. Base-case incremental cost-effectiveness ratio per quality-adjusted life year gained results for seven of the eight diagnostic test strategies considered showed that LiverMultiScan plus biopsy was dominated by biopsy only; for the remaining strategy (Brunt grade ≥2), the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio per quality-adjusted life year gained was £1,266,511. Results from threshold and scenario analyses demonstrated that External Assessment Group base-case results were robust to plausible variations in the magnitude of key parameters. Limitations Diagnostic test accuracy, clinical impact and cost-effectiveness data for magnetic resonance imaging-based technologies for the population that is the focus of this assessment were limited. Conclusions Magnetic resonance imaging-based technologies may be useful to identify patients who may benefit from additional testing in the form of liver biopsy and those for whom this additional testing may not be necessary. However, there is a paucity of diagnostic test accuracy and clinical impact data for patients who have indeterminate results from fibrosis testing, for whom transient elastography or acoustic radiation force impulse are unsuitable or who had discordant results from fibrosis testing. Given the External Assessment Group cost-effectiveness analyses assumptions, the use of LiverMultiScan and magnetic resonance elastography for assessing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease for patients with inconclusive results from previous fibrosis testing is unlikely to be a cost-effective use of National Health Service resources compared with liver biopsy only. Study registration This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42021286891. Funding Funding for this study was provided by the Evidence Synthesis Programme of the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 27, No. 10. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information. Plain language summary Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease includes a range of conditions that are caused by a build-up of fat in the liver, and not by alcohol consumption. This build-up of fat can cause inflammation. Persistent inflammation can cause scar tissue (fibrosis) to develop. It is important to identify patients with fibrosis because severe fibrosis can cause permanent liver damage (cirrhosis), which can lead to liver failure and liver cancer. In the National Health Service, patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease undergo tests to determine whether they have fibrosis. The test results are not always accurate and multiple tests can give conflicting results. Some of the tests may not be suitable for patients who have a very high body mass index. In the National Health Service, a liver biopsy may be offered to patients with inconclusive or conflicting test results or to those patients for whom other tests are unsuitable. However, liver biopsy is expensive, and is associated with side-effects such as pain and bleeding. Magnetic resonance imaging-based testing could be used as an extra test to help clinicians assess non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and identify patients who may need a liver biopsy. We assessed two magnetic resonance imaging-based diagnostic tests, LiverMultiScan and magnetic resonance elastography. LiverMultiScan is imaging software that is used alongside magnetic resonance imaging to measure markers of liver disease. Magnetic resonance elastography is used in some National Health Service centres to assess liver fibrosis; however, magnetic resonance elastography requires more equipment than just an magnetic resonance imaging scanner. We reviewed all studies examining how well LiverMultiScan and magnetic resonance elastography assess patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. We also built an economic model to estimate the costs and benefits of using LiverMultiScan to identify patients who should be sent for a biopsy. Results from the model showed that LiverMultiScan may not provide good value for money to the National Health Service. Scientific summary Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an umbrella term for a range of conditions caused by a build-up of fat in the liver that has not been caused by alcohol consumption. NAFLD covers a spectrum of histological lesions ranging from steatosis (simple fatty liver) to complex patterns of hepatocyte injury, inflammation and fibrosis. In the current National Health Service diagnostic pathway for staging fibrosis (based on guidelines and expert advice to NICE), patients with NAFLD (confirmed by ultrasound and liver aetiology screen) are referred for the fibrosis-4 (FIB-4), NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) or enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) test as first-line testing. Patients with an indeterminate result from first-line testing are referred for second-line testing using transient elastography (TE), acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) or the ELF test, if it had not already been used as a first-line test. Patients with indeterminate or discordant results from fibrosis testing and patients with high risk of advanced fibrosis are considered for liver biopsy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based testing could be used as an additional, non-invasive, diagnostic test to help clinicians stage NAFLD and potentially identify which patients should be referred for liver biopsy. Liver biopsy is expensive and is an invasive procedure that is associated with complications. Objectives The objectives of this study were to assess the diagnostic test accuracy (DTA), the clinical impact and the cost-effectiveness of two non-invasive MRI-based technologies, namely LiverMultiScan and magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), for patients with NAFLD for whom advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis had not yet been diagnosed and who had indeterminate results from fibrosis testing, for whom TE or ARFI was unsuitable, or who had discordant results from fibrosis testing. To achieve the study objectives, the External Assessment Group (EAG): conducted a systematic literature review to evaluate the (1) DTA of MRI-based technologies for the assessment of fibrosis, inflammation, and steatosis for a patients with NAFLD for whom advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis had not yet been diagnosed, using liver biopsy as the reference standard, and (2) the clinical impact of MRI-based technologies conducted a systematic literature review to explore the cost-effectiveness of MRI-based technologies as diagnostic tools and built a de novo economic model to assess the cost-effectiveness of two diagnostic pathways, namely MRI-based technologies plus biopsy and liver biopsy. Methods: assessment of diagnostic test accuracy and clinical impact Electronic databases (MEDLINE, MEDLINE Epub Ahead of Print In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Embase, Cochrane Databases of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Database of Controlled Trials, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Health Technology Assessment Database) were searched from inception to 4 October 2021. Eligible studies assessed the DTA or clinical impact of LiverMultiScan or MRE for patients with NAFLD for whom advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis had not yet been diagnosed (who have indeterminate results from fibrosis testing, for whom TE or ARFI is unsuitable, or who have discordant results from fibrosis testing). Two reviewers independently screened the titles and abstracts of all reports identified through electronic database searches and of all full-text articles subsequently obtained for assessment. Data extraction and quality assessment were conducted by one reviewer and checked for agreement by a second reviewer. The methodological quality of the included DTA studies was assessed using the QUality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) tool. The methodological quality of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the clinical impact of MRI-based technologies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. The National Institute of Health study quality-assessment tools for cohort studies, case-control studies and before–after (pre-post) studies with no control group were used to assess risk of bias of included non-randomised studies. Qualitative studies were assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) qualitative studies checklist. The sensitivity and specificity of each index test were summarised in forest plots. Where at least three studies provided both sensitivity and specificity data for a specific combination of index test, diagnosis of interest, and cut-off value, a bivariate random-effects meta-analysis to provide pooled estimates of sensitivity and specificity was considered. We did not perform bivariate meta-analyses where statistical heterogeneity between the studies (assessed by visually examining forest plots) was so great that pooled estimates of sensitivity and specificity would have been meaningless. Where at least three studies provided both sensitivity and specificity data for a specific combination of index test and diagnosis of interest, but used different cut-off values for the index test, we used a hierarchical model to estimate a summary receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Methods: assessment of cost-effectiveness The EAG appended an economic evaluation-specific search filter to the clinical search strategies to identify published cost-effectiveness studies. In addition, two databases of economic publications [EconLit (EBSCO) and the cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) registry] were searched from inception until 4 October 2021. The EAG developed a simple, flexible de novo model to estimate the cost-effectiveness of an MRI-based technologies plus biopsy pathway versus liver biopsy only pathway. Results The EAG searches of the electronic databases and reference lists of relevant studies and systematic reviews identified 4489 records (3331 unique records). Although all the identified studies for inclusion in the DTA, clinical impact and cost-effectiveness reviews included patients with NAFLD for whom advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis had not yet been diagnosed, only one study provided results for patients with NAFLD who had indeterminate or discordant results from fibrosis testing. No studies were identified that considered patients for whom TE or ARFI was unsuitable. Diagnostic test accuracy The EAG identified 13 studies (15 publications). Two studies (four publications) were evaluations of LiverMultiScan, 10 studies (10 publications) were evaluations of MRE, and one study (one publication) was an evaluation of LiverMultiScan and MRE. MRI-based technology: LiverMultiScan For the LiverMultiScan proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and LiverMultiScan iron-corrected T1 (cT1) outputs, 2 × 2 data were available from three studies. The EAG considers that the Eddowes 2018 study is the most relevant study to this assessment. Eddowes 2018 recruited patients who were scheduled for non-targeted liver biopsy to stage fibrosis after inconclusive non-invasive assessment of fibrosis or to make a diagnosis after a range of non-invasive tests had not confirmed a diagnosis. For diagnosis of fibrosis, estimates from Eddowes 2018 ranged from 50% to 88% for sensitivity and from 42% to 75% for specificity. Sensitivity and specificity values for fibrosis testing in Eddowes 2018 were consistently higher for LiverMultiScan cT1 than for LiverMultiScan PDFF. Data from three studies were included in the meta-analyses for LiverMultiScan. For advanced fibrosis (≥F3), the pooled sensitivity and specificity values were higher for LiverMultiScan cT1 [sensitivity = 60.2%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 50.9% to 68.8%; specificity = 65.4%, 95% CI 55.8% to 73.9%] than for LiverMultiScan PDFF (sensitivity = 38.6%, 95% CI 23.8% to 56.0%; specificity = 43.6%, 95% CI 30.7% to 57.5%). MRI-based technology: magnetic resonance elastography For the MRE test, 2 × 2 data were available from four studies. Estimates of sensitivity and specificity for advanced fibrosis (≥F3) were high and ranged from 71% to 100% and 79% to 93%, respectively. However, the cut-off values used to indicate a positive result from the index test varied between studies, therefore a summary ROC curve was estimated. The summary ROC curve indicates high DTA. However, observed study results do not all lie close to the summary ROC curve, which could be due to small sample sizes and/or clinical and methodological heterogeneity between the included studies. Clinical impact Eleven studies (14 publications) were included in the clinical impact review. Five studies (eight publications) were evaluations of LiverMultiScan and six studies (six publications) were evaluations of MRE. MRI-based technology: LiverMultiScan Two studies reported on the prognostic ability of LiverMultiScan cT1. However, neither study reported results specifically for the subpopulation of patients with NAFLD for whom advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis had not yet been diagnosed. One study reported that LiverMultiScan cT1 and LiverMultiScan PDFF could reduce the number of unnecessary biopsies for patients with non-NAFLD and NAFLD to diagnose non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis unrelated to NAFLD [EAG calculated odds ratio (OR) = 0.65, 95% CI 0.22 to 1.96] and for patients with no to mild fibrosis (F0 to F1) to diagnose significant fibrosis to cirrhosis (F2 to F4; EAG calculated OR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.18 to 1.89) when compared to standard of care. Three studies reported the test failure rate of LiverMultiScan for patients with all liver aetiologies. The test failure rate ranged from 5.3% to 7.6%. One study reported the test failure rate for LiverMultiScan for patients with NAFLD (5.6%). Acceptability of LiverMultiScan was reported in a qualitative study and was generally positive. MRI-based technology: magnetic resonance elastography Six studies reported the test failure rate of MRE for patients with all liver aetiologies. The test failure rate ranged from 0.0% to 7.6%. Three studies reported the test failure rate for MRE specifically for patients with NAFLD. The EAG performed a fixed-effects meta-analysis to obtain a pooled estimate of 4.2% (95% CI 2.5% to 6.2%) test failure rate for patients with NAFLD. Despite conducting additional targeted searches, the EAG did not identify any relevant studies that provided evidence of the clinical impact of MRI-based technologies for patients with NAFLD for whom advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis has not been diagnosed, for the remaining clinical impact outcomes listed in the final scope issued by NICE. Cost-effectiveness The EAG base-case incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained results for seven of the eight diagnostic test strategies considered, and showed that the LiverMultiScan plus biopsy pathway was dominated by the biopsy only pathway. For Brunt grade ≥2, the ICER per QALY gained was £1,266,511. Results from the EAG threshold and scenario analyses demonstrated that these results were robust to plausible variations in the magnitude of key parameters. Conclusions The DTA, clinical impact and cost-effectiveness data for MRI-based technologies are limited for patients who have indeterminate results from fibrosis testing, for whom TE or ARFI is unsuitable or patients who have discordant results from fibrosis testing. Only one small LiverMultiScan study provided DTA and population prevalence data for patients described in the final scope issued by NICE. It is unclear whether sensitivity and specificity estimates reported by this small study will give clinicians sufficient confidence to use LiverMultiScan test results to triage patients with inconclusive results from previous fibrosis testing to biopsy. Cost-effectiveness results from the EAG model are only informative if clinicians have confidence in LiverMultiScan DTA data. Using the available DTA and population prevalence data, EAG cost-effectiveness results showed that LiverMultiScan is unlikely to be cost-effective at current prices when used to triage patients with inconclusive results from previous fibrosis testing to biopsy. LiverMultiScan data are not available for patients for whom TE or ARFI was unsuitable. Further, no MRE DTA data were available for the population described in the final scope issued by NICE. The EAG was unable to generate cost-effectiveness results for this technology; however, even if MRE was 100% accurate, due to high population prevalence estimates it is unlikely that MRE would be cost-effective at current prices. Study registration This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42021286891. Funding Funding for this study was provided by the Evidence Synthesis Programme of the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 27, No. 10. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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- 2023
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8. Operators Approximable by Hypercyclic Operators
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Boland, James
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- 2022
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9. 4. Vocation: Doing God's Work
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Boland, Tom and Griffin, Ray
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- 2021
10. 2. Archaic Anthropology: The Presence of the Past in the Present
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Boland, Tom and Griffin, Ray
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- 2021
11. Cover
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Boland, Tom and Griffin, Ray
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- 2021
12. Table of Contents
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Boland, Tom and Griffin, Ray
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- 2021
13. 7. Curriculum Vitae: Confessions of Faith in the Labour Market
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Boland, Tom and Griffin, Ray
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- 2021
14. Back Cover
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Boland, Tom and Griffin, Ray
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- 2021
15. Index
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Boland, Tom and Griffin, Ray
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- 2021
16. Afterword
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Boland, Tom and Griffin, Ray
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- 2021
17. Notes
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Boland, Tom and Griffin, Ray
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- 2021
18. References
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Boland, Tom and Griffin, Ray
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- 2021
19. 8. Conclusion: Parables of Welfare
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Boland, Tom and Griffin, Ray
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- 2021
20. 5 Purgatory: The Ideal of Purifying Suffering
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Boland, Tom and Griffin, Ray
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- 2021
21. 6. Pilgrimage: The Interminable Ritual of Jobseeking
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Boland, Tom and Griffin, Ray
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- 2021
22. 3. Reform: Policies and the Polity
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Boland, Tom and Griffin, Ray
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- 2021
23. Title Page, Copyright, Dedication
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Boland, Tom and Griffin, Ray
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- 2021
24. 1. Introduction: Paradoxes of Welfare
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Boland, Tom and Griffin, Ray
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- 2021
25. “The Text of It”: A Conversation with Eavan Boland
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Villar, Pilar and Boland, Eavan
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- 2021
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26. Report card : one year of Te Whatu Ora
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Thomas, Rachel and Boland, Kristie
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- 2023
27. Mothers' devastation over daughters' diagnoses
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Boland, Kristie
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- 2023
28. Don't judge us' : autistic bolters' parents
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Boland, Kristie
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- 2023
29. The election prescription : parties' health policies
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Boland, Kristie
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- 2023
30. Margin, and: Scribe, and: How We Were Transfigured, and: The Just Use of Figures
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Boland, Eavan
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- 2020
31. fSEAD: a Composable FPGA-based Streaming Ensemble Anomaly Detection Library
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Lou, Binglei, Boland, David, and Leong, Philip H. W.
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Computer Science - Hardware Architecture ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ,Computer Science - Machine Learning - Abstract
Machine learning ensembles combine multiple base models to produce a more accurate output. They can be applied to a range of machine learning problems, including anomaly detection. In this paper, we investigate how to maximize the composability and scalability of an FPGA-based streaming ensemble anomaly detector (fSEAD). To achieve this, we propose a flexible computing architecture consisting of multiple partially reconfigurable regions, pblocks, which each implement anomaly detectors. Our proof-of-concept design supports three state-of-the-art anomaly detection algorithms: Loda, RS-Hash and xStream. Each algorithm is scalable, meaning multiple instances can be placed within a pblock to improve performance. Moreover, fSEAD is implemented using High-level synthesis (HLS), meaning further custom anomaly detectors can be supported. Pblocks are interconnected via an AXI-switch, enabling them to be composed in an arbitrary fashion before combining and merging results at run-time to create an ensemble that maximizes the use of FPGA resources and accuracy. Through utilizing reconfigurable Dynamic Function eXchange (DFX), the detector can be modified at run-time to adapt to changing environmental conditions. We compare fSEAD to an equivalent central processing unit (CPU) implementation using four standard datasets, with speed-ups ranging from $3\times$ to $8\times$., Comment: The source code for this paper is available at: https://github.com/bingleilou/fSEAD
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- 2024
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32. PolyLUT-Add: FPGA-based LUT Inference with Wide Inputs
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Lou, Binglei, Rademacher, Richard, Boland, David, and Leong, Philip H. W.
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Computer Science - Machine Learning ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ,Computer Science - Hardware Architecture - Abstract
FPGAs have distinct advantages as a technology for deploying deep neural networks (DNNs) at the edge. Lookup Table (LUT) based networks, where neurons are directly modeled using LUTs, help maximize this promise of offering ultra-low latency and high area efficiency on FPGAs. Unfortunately, LUT resource usage scales exponentially with the number of inputs to the LUT, restricting PolyLUT to small LUT sizes. This work introduces PolyLUT-Add, a technique that enhances neuron connectivity by combining $A$ PolyLUT sub-neurons via addition to improve accuracy. Moreover, we describe a novel architecture to improve its scalability. We evaluated our implementation over the MNIST, Jet Substructure classification, and Network Intrusion Detection benchmark and found that for similar accuracy, PolyLUT-Add achieves a LUT reduction of $2.0-13.9\times$ with a $1.2-1.6\times$ decrease in latency., Comment: The source code for this paper is available at: https://github.com/bingleilou/PolyLUT-Add
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- 2024
33. snompy: a package for modelling scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy
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Vincent, Tom, Liu, Xinyun, Johnson, Daniel, Mester, Lars, Huang, Nathaniel, Kazakova, Olga, Hillenbrand, Rainer, and Boland, Jessica Louise
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Condensed Matter - Materials Science ,Physics - Optics - Abstract
Scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) is a powerful technique for extreme subwavelength imaging and spectroscopy, with around 20 nm spatial resolution. But quantitative relationships between experiment and material properties requires modelling, which can be computationally and conceptually challenging. In this work, we present snompy an open-source Python library which contains implementations of two of the most common s-SNOM models, the finite dipole model (FDM) and the point dipole model (PDM). We show a series of typical uses for this package with demonstrations including simulating nano-Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and recovering permittivity from experimental s-SNOM data. We also discuss the challenges faced with this sort of modelling, such as competing descriptions of the models in literature, and finite size effects. We hope that snompy will make quantitative s-SNOM modelling more accessible to the wider research community, which will further empower the use of s-SNOM for investigating nanoscale material properties., Comment: 26 pages, 8 figures
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- 2024
34. The BlackGEM telescope array I: Overview
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Groot, Paul J., Bloemen, S., Vreeswijk, P., van Roestel, J., Jonker, P. G., Nelemans, G., Klein-Wolt, M., Poole, R. Le, Pieterse, D., Rodenhuis, M., Boland, W., Haverkorn, M., Aerts, C., Bakker, R., Balster, H., Bekema, M., Dijkstra, E., Dolron, P., Elswijk, E., van Elteren, A., Engels, A., Fokker, M., de Haan, M., Hahn, F., ter Horst, R., Lesman, D., Kragt, J., Morren, J., Nillissen, H., Pessemier, W., de Rijke, A, Raskin, G., Scheers, L. H. A., Schuil, M., Timmer, S. T., Arcavi, I., Blagorodnova, N., Biswas, S., Breton, R., Dawson, H., Dayal, P., De Wet, S., Duffy, C., Faris, S., Fausnaugh, M., Gal-Yam, A., Geier, S., Horesh, A., Johnston, C., Wijnands, R. A. D., Modiano, D., Katusiime, G., Kelley, C., Kosakowski, A., Kupfer, T., Leloudas, G., Mogawana, O., Munday, J., Paice, J. A., Patat, F., Pelisoli, I., Ramsay, G., Ranaivomanana, P. T., Ruiz-Carmona, R., Schaffenroth, V., Scaringi, S., Stoppa, F., Tranin, H., Uzundag, M., Valenti, S., Veresvarska, M., Wichern, H. C. I., Wijers, R. A. M. J., and Zimmerman, E.
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Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics - Abstract
The main science aim of the BlackGEM array is to detect optical counterparts to gravitational wave mergers. Additionally, the array will perform a set of synoptic surveys to detect Local Universe transients and short time-scale variability in stars and binaries, as well as a six-filter all-sky survey down to ~22nd mag. The BlackGEM Phase-I array consists of three optical wide-field unit telescopes. Each unit uses an f/5.5 modified Dall-Kirkham (Harmer-Wynne) design with a triplet corrector lens, and a 65cm primary mirror, coupled with a 110Mpix CCD detector, that provides an instantaneous field-of-view of 2.7~square degrees, sampled at 0.564\arcsec/pixel. The total field-of-view for the array is 8.2 square degrees. Each telescope is equipped with a six-slot filter wheel containing an optimised Sloan set (BG-u, BG-g, BG-r, BG-i, BG-z) and a wider-band 440-720 nm (BG-q) filter. Each unit telescope is independent from the others. Cloud-based data processing is done in real time, and includes a transient-detection routine as well as a full-source optimal-photometry module. BlackGEM has been installed at the ESO La Silla observatory as of October 2019. After a prolonged COVID-19 hiatus, science operations started on April 1, 2023 and will run for five years. Aside from its core scientific program, BlackGEM will give rise to a multitude of additional science cases in multi-colour time-domain astronomy, to the benefit of a variety of topics in astrophysics, such as infant supernovae, luminous red novae, asteroseismology of post-main-sequence objects, (ultracompact) binary stars, and the relation between gravitational wave counterparts and other classes of transients, Comment: 14 pages, submitted to Astronomy & Astrophysics
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- 2024
35. Public Discourse about COVID-19 Vaccinations: A Computational Analysis of the Relationship between Public Concerns and Policies
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Boland, Katarina, Starke, Christopher, Bensmann, Felix, Marcinkowski, Frank, and Dietze, Stefan
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Computer Science - Computers and Society ,Computer Science - Social and Information Networks - Abstract
Societies worldwide have witnessed growing rifts separating advocates and opponents of vaccinations and other COVID-19 countermeasures. With the rollout of vaccination campaigns, German-speaking regions exhibited much lower vaccination uptake than other European regions. While Austria, Germany, and Switzerland (the DACH region) caught up over time, it remains unclear which factors contributed to these changes. Scrutinizing public discourses can help shed light on the intricacies of vaccine hesitancy and inform policy-makers tasked with making far-reaching decisions: policies need to effectively curb the spread of the virus while respecting fundamental civic liberties and minimizing undesired consequences. This study draws on Twitter data to analyze the topics prevalent in the public discourse. It further maps the topics to different phases of the pandemic and policy changes to identify potential drivers of change in public attention. We use a hybrid pipeline to detect and analyze vaccination-related tweets using topic modeling, sentiment analysis, and a minimum of social scientific domain knowledge to analyze the discourse about vaccinations in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic in the DACH region. We show that skepticism regarding the severity of the COVID-19 virus and towards efficacy and safety of vaccines were among the prevalent topics in the discourse on Twitter but that the most attention was given to debating the theme of freedom and civic liberties. Especially during later phases of the pandemic, when implemented policies restricted the freedom of unvaccinated citizens, increased vaccination uptake could be observed. At the same time, increasingly negative and polarized sentiments emerge in the discourse. This suggests that these policies might have effectively attenuated vaccination hesitancy but were not successfully dispersing citizens' doubts and concerns., Comment: 34 pages, 9 figures
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- 2024
36. The Impact of Personality on the Physical Activity and Alcohol Use Relationship
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Boland J.K. and Henderson C.E.
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physical activity ,alcohol ,personality ,five-factor model ,moderation ,Medicine - Abstract
Studies have shown positive associations between levels of physical activity and alcohol use at both between-persons and within-person levels. This relationship has been of interest to researchers developing physical activity-based treatments for alcohol use disorders, which have had mixed results, one reason perhaps being because they have not controlled for individual differences. The current study investigated whether differences in Five-Factor Model personality traits moderated the physical activity-alcohol use relationship in an undergraduate sample (N = 263). Results showed lifestyle physical activity, extraversion, and neuroticism were each predictive of alcohol use, but there were no interaction effects among these variables, indicating that personality traits do not impact the strength of this relationship. Therefore, individuals high in traits of extraversion or neuroticism are not specifically at risk for increased alcohol use when participating in physical activity. If exercise-based interventions for alcohol use disorders are implemented, individuals high in extraversion and neuroticism continue to possess independent risk factors for alcohol use.
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- 2020
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37. The Power of Women: Matilda Joslyn Gage and the New York Women's Vote of 1880
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Boland, Sue
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- 2019
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38. A history of hammers : part 2
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Boland, Bob
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- 2022
39. A history of hammers : part 1
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Boland, Bob
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- 2022
40. AN IRISH GEORGIC
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BOLAND, EAVAN
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- 2021
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41. FOR THAT CALLED BODY IS A PORTION OF SOUL
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BOLAND, EAVAN
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- 2021
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42. THE MOVING STATUE
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BOLAND, EAVAN
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- 2021
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43. Lexically Independent Structural Priming in Second Language Online Sentence Comprehension
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Hang Wei, Julie E. Boland, Chi Zhang, Anlin Yang, and Fang Yuan
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This study examined structural priming during online second language (L2) comprehension. In two self-paced reading experiments, 64 intermediate to advanced Chinese learners of English as a foreign language read coordinated noun phrases where the conjuncts had either the same structure or different structures. Experiment 1 showed that the second conjunct was read faster when it had the same structure as the first. This effect occurred for the structurally marked adjective phrases (e.g., "a simple to grasp problem") but only showed a numerical trend for the less marked relative clauses (e.g., "a problem that was simple to grasp"). Experiment 2 compared unmarked adjective phrases and relative clauses (e.g., "a simple problem" vs. "a problem that was simple") and found significant priming for both. Together, the two experiments showed that L2 comprehension priming could occur without repetition of the lexical head. Moreover, this priming was susceptible to inverse frequency effects, with the less frequent structure exhibiting greater priming.
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- 2024
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44. The "Cornish Tokens" of Finnegans Wake : A Journey Through the Celtic Archipelago
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Boland, Stephanie
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- 2018
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45. Images depicting headache pain – a tool to aid the diagnosis of cluster headache: a pilot study
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Buture A, Boland JW, Ahmed F, and Dikomitis L
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drawings ,migraine ,screening tool ,diagnosis ,visual ,images ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Alina Buture,1 Jason W Boland,2 Fayyaz Ahmed,1,3 Lisa Dikomitis4,51Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK; 2Wolfson Palliative Care Research Centre, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK; 3Department of Neurology, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull, UK; 4School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme, UK; 5School of Primary, Community and Social Care, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme, UKCorrespondence: Alina ButureHull York Medical School, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UKTel +44 745 987 2950Email hyab20@hyms.ac.ukIntroduction and objective: The diagnosis of primary headaches is based on the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3). Cluster headache (CH), a debilitating primary headache, is often misdiagnosed as migraine. In the absence of biological markers, a new visual screening tool with images depicting pain could aid the correct diagnosis of CH. The objective of the study is to test the tool on healthy participants and participants with CH and migraine.Methods: In phase 1, 6 images portraying people with pain were tested on 150 healthy participants. The healthy participants were asked to rate the images as mild, moderate, severe or excruciating pain. In phase 2, the images were further tested on 116 participants with headache (16 participants with CH, 100 participants with migraine). The participants were recruited prospectively from a tertiary headache center between February and May 2017. The participants were asked to choose which image best illustrated their headache attacks.Results: Phase 1 results showed that the images represent a range of headache pain severities from mild to excruciating as rated by healthy participants. They rated two images as excruciating, one image as severe, one image as moderate/severe, one image as moderate and one image as mild. Phase 2 results showed that two-thirds of participants with CH (69%) and half of the participants with migraine (52%) chose an image described as excruciating by the healthy participants.Conclusion: We developed a screening tool with six drawings depicting headache pain severities from mild to excruciating as rated by the healthy participants. Although the images did not differentiate between CH and migraine, the study indicated the potential of using visual aids to assess headache severity.Keywords: drawings, migraine, screening tool, diagnosis, visual, pictures, excruciating
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- 2019
46. Update on the pathophysiology of cluster headache: imaging and neuropeptide studies
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Buture A, Boland JW, Dikomitis L, and Ahmed F
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voxel-based morphometry ,single-photon emission computer tomography ,positron emission tomography ,functional magnetic resonance imaging ,calcitonin gene related peptide ,pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Alina Buture,1,2 Jason W Boland,2 Lisa Dikomitis,3 Fayyaz Ahmed1,2 1Department of Neurology, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull, UK; 2Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK; 3School of Medicine and Institute of Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle, UK Objective: Cluster headache (CH) is the most severe primary headache condition. Its pathophysiology is multifaceted and incompletely understood. This review brings together the latest neuroimaging and neuropeptide evidence on the pathophysiology of CH.Methods: A review of the literature was conducted by searching PubMed and Web of Science. The search was conducted using the following keywords: imaging studies, voxel-based morphometry, diffusion-tensor imaging, diffusion magnetic resonance imaging, tractography, connectivity, cerebral networks, neuromodulation, central modulation, deep brain stimulation, orexin-A, orexin-B, tract-based spatial statistics, single-photon emission computer tomography studies, positron-emission tomography, functional magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, trigeminovascular system, neuropeptides, calcitonin gene-related peptide, neurokinin A, substance P, nitric oxide synthase, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide, vasoactive intestinal peptide, neuropeptide Y, acetylcholine, noradrenaline, and ATP. “Cluster headache” was combined with each keyword for more relevant results. All irrelevant and duplicated records were excluded. Search dates were from October 1976 to May 2018.Results: Neuroimaging studies support the role of the hypothalamus in CH, as well as other brain areas involved in the pain matrix. Activation of the trigeminovascular system and the release of neuropeptides play an important role in CH pathophysiology. Among neuropeptides, calcitonin gene-related peptide, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide have been reported to be reliable biomarkers for CH attacks, though not specific for CH. Several other neuropeptides are involved in trigeminovascular activation, but the current evidence does not qualify them as reliable biomarkers in CH.Conclusion: CH has a complex pathophysiology and the pain mechanism is not completely understood. Recent neuroimaging studies have provided insight into the functional and structural network bases of CH pathophysiology. Although there has been important progress in neuropeptide studies, a specific biomarker for CH is yet to be found. Keywords: voxel-based morphometry, single-photon emission computer tomography, positron-emission tomography, functional magnetic resonance imaging, calcitonin gene-related peptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide
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- 2019
47. Demonstration of quantum network protocols over a 14-km urban fiber link
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Kucera, Stephan, Haen, Christian, Arenskötter, Elena, Bauer, Tobias, Meiers, Jonas, Schäfer, Marlon, Boland, Ross, Yahyapour, Milad, Lessing, Maurice, Holzwarth, Ronald, Becher, Christoph, and Eschner, Jürgen
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Quantum Physics ,Physics - Optics - Abstract
We report on the implementation of quantum entanglement distribution and quantum state teleportation over a 14.4-km urban dark-fiber link, which is partially underground, partially overhead, and patched in several stations. We characterize the link for its use as a quantum channel and realize its active polarization stabilization. Using a type-II cavity-enhanced SPDC photon pair source, a $^{40}$Ca$^{+}$ single-ion quantum memory, and quantum frequency conversion to the telecom C-band, we demonstrate photon-photon entanglement, ion-photon entanglement, and teleportation of a qubit state from the ion onto a remote telecom photon, all realized over the urban fiber link., Comment: 14 pages, 13 figures, including appendix
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- 2024
48. Developments and applications of the OPTIMADE API for materials discovery, design, and data exchange
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Evans, Matthew L., Bergsma, Johan, Merkys, Andrius, Andersen, Casper W., Andersson, Oskar B., Beltrán, Daniel, Blokhin, Evgeny, Boland, Tara M., Balderas, Rubén Castañeda, Choudhary, Kamal, Díaz, Alberto Díaz, García, Rodrigo Domínguez, Eckert, Hagen, Eimre, Kristjan, Montero, María Elena Fuentes, Krajewski, Adam M., Mortensen, Jens Jørgen, Duarte, José Manuel Nápoles, Pietryga, Jacob, Qi, Ji, Carrillo, Felipe de Jesús Trejo, Vaitkus, Antanas, Yu, Jusong, Zettel, Adam, de Castro, Pedro Baptista, Carlsson, Johan, Cerqueira, Tiago F. T., Divilov, Simon, Hajiyani, Hamidreza, Hanke, Felix, Jose, Kevin, Oses, Corey, Riebesell, Janosh, Schmidt, Jonathan, Winston, Donald, Xie, Christen, Yang, Xiaoyu, Bonella, Sara, Botti, Silvana, Curtarolo, Stefano, Draxl, Claudia, Cobas, Luis Edmundo Fuentes, Hospital, Adam, Liu, Zi-Kui, Marques, Miguel A. L., Marzari, Nicola, Morris, Andrew J., Ong, Shyue Ping, Orozco, Modesto, Persson, Kristin A., Thygesen, Kristian S., Wolverton, Chris, Scheidgen, Markus, Toher, Cormac, Conduit, Gareth J., Pizzi, Giovanni, Gražulis, Saulius, Rignanese, Gian-Marco, and Armiento, Rickard
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Condensed Matter - Materials Science - Abstract
The Open Databases Integration for Materials Design (OPTIMADE) application programming interface (API) empowers users with holistic access to a growing federation of databases, enhancing the accessibility and discoverability of materials and chemical data. Since the first release of the OPTIMADE specification (v1.0), the API has undergone significant development, leading to the upcoming v1.2 release, and has underpinned multiple scientific studies. In this work, we highlight the latest features of the API format, accompanying software tools, and provide an update on the implementation of OPTIMADE in contributing materials databases. We end by providing several use cases that demonstrate the utility of the OPTIMADE API in materials research that continue to drive its ongoing development.
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- 2024
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49. Ocular Imaging Challenges, Current State, and a Path to Interoperability: A HIMSS-SIIM Enterprise Imaging Community Whitepaper
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Goetz, Kerry E., Boland, Michael V., Chu, Zhongdi, Reed, Amberlynn A., Clark, Shawn D., Towbin, Alexander J., Purt, Boonkit, O’Donnell, Kevin, Bui, Marilyn M., Eid, Monief, Roth, Christopher J., Luviano, Damien M., and Folio, Les R.
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- 2024
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50. Leveraging A Digital Pill System to Understand Prevention-Effective Adherence to Oral Hiv Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Among Men Who Have Sex with Men with Substance Use
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Chai, Peter R., Goodman, Georgia R., Mohamed, Yassir, Bustamante, Maria J., Albrechta, Hannah, Lee, Jasper S., Glynn, Tiffany R., Boland, Kel, Hokayem, Joanne, Boyer, Edward W., Rosen, Rochelle K., Mayer, Kenneth H., and O’Cleirigh, Conall
- Published
- 2024
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