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Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales is the property of Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El artículo discurre sobre la historia de los movimientos del nacionalismo judío. La autora comenta sobre las condiciones sociales de las poblaciones judías, particularmente en sus comunidades separadas en Europa, desde el siglo 18. También se considera la influencia de la ideología de la Ilustración en el movimiento para la igualdad de los judíos.

The article presents the author's reflections on the intellectual fruitfulness of gender-based studies and disciplinary diversity in the social sciences. The author refers to the contribution of gender studies to the questioning of biological and cognitive essentialisms and to a better understanding of the culturally constructed attributes of masculinity and femininity. She also considers the historical transformation of women's roles in light of the processes of inclusion and exclusion and reflects on its contribution to the critique of Modernity.

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Sociología is the property of Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

English. Before the democratic changes started in Poland in 1989, the Catholic Church was a very important element of dualistic societal structure: 'bad' communists, associated with the Communist Party and its apparatus; and 'good' Poles, patriots, associated with the Roman Catholic Church. Opposition to political totalitarianism was strongly supported by the Church, identified with Polish national identity, freedom, and defence of human rights and democracy. The Church entered the period of transformation with this historical heritage and with the exceptionally high respect of society for its role as political actor and co-creator of civil society. Ten years of transformation brought significant changes: in the political system (from totalitarianism to democracy); in economics (from a controlled to the free market); in the orientation of the state (from locality to globality); in the restructuring of society (from dualism to pluralism); and in differentiation of worldviews. The author describes how the Catholic Church and its hierarchy are adapting to the changing situation. French. Avant 1989, année où la Pologne s'est engagée sur la voie de la démocratisation, l'Eglise catholique romaine était un élément très important de la structure sociale duale: l'on trouvait d'une part, les 'méchants' communistes, membres du parti communiste et de son appareil, et d'autre part, les 'bons' Polonais, patriotes, adhérant à l'Eglise catholique. L'Eglise, en apportant son soutien à l'opposition antitotalitaire, symbolisait l'identité nationale, la liberté, la défense des droits de l'homme et la démocratie. Elle amorça cette transition démocratique munie de ce patrimoine historique et forte d'une confiance et d'un respect exceptionnels de la part des Polonais qui avaient apprécié son rôle d'acteur social et son apport dans la construction d'une société civile.... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]