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By analysing and comparing the existing solutions of universal gear reducers with helical gears of the leading manufacturers, it can be noticed the effort to increase the load capacity of the gear reducer within the same axis height. In this way, the manufacturers can offer smaller (cheaper) gear reducers, as well as to simultaneously increase the values of the largest gear ratios. This concept enables the offer of lower-stage (cheaper) gear reducers with higher gear ratios in certain segments of gear ratios. By these efforts, it is reached the maximum, but the further increase is possible only by changing the current concept of universal gear drives. Within this paper, it is given an overview and analysis of one of the possible new conceptual solutions of modern universal motor gear reducer.

The operating principle of rolling bearings generates vibrations that come from the periodic change in the stiffness of the bearing. The vibration level of the bearing depends on a large number of factors such as waviness, surface roughness of the raceways, deviation of the raceway radius, exploitation conditions, amount of lubrication in the bearing and other. This paper presents the influence of the roughness of the raceways and the amount of lubrication on the level of vibrations of the ball bearing, designation 6006. The determination of the influence of these parameters was done experimentally. The experiment was performed according conditions prescribed by ISO 15242-2, and the analysis of the measured signals was performed according to the guidelines given by the standard ISO 15242-1.

Within the universal motor helical gear reducer, single row deep groove ball bearings are usually used, but for larger driver dimensions and heavily loaded shafts, spherical roller bearings are used. In order to achieve the maximum load capacity of the gearbox, within the same axis height, relatively large single-row ball bearings are necessary. In some cases, due to dimensions constraints, they cannot be installed in the gearbox, so many manufacturers, in certain cases, use somewhat smaller and more expensive single-row cylindrical roller bearings. Though these bearings are not specifically designed to transmit axial forces, they can bear axial loads. The idea of this paper is to point out this problem and the benefits that come from the use of cylindrical roller bearings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ball bearings can be found in all machines with rotary movement. Dynamic behavior analysis of ball bearings is a phenomenon that has been studied for many years. Previous studies on the dynamic behavior of ball bearings are based on describing the state of ball bearings using mathematical models. In addition to mathematical description, computers simulations based on finite element methods are also applied. This paper presents study of the dynamic behavior of ball bearings using artificial neural networks. Artificial neural network models are able to predict the amplitude of vibration that will generate the analyzed bearings depending on the lubrication. In this way, by the application of artificial neural networks bearing dynamic behavior can be predicted depending on the geometric parameters and lubrication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]