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In oral and maxillofacial surgery, lower impacted third molar surgery (ITMS) is a common procedure, and it is often associated with complications such as Pain, swelling, trismus, haemorrhage, nerve dysfunction, and postoperative infection.The author discusses a clinical study on ITMS that involved 18 patients. This study has shown that modified incision as a minimally invasive approach to lower impacted third molars alongside a suitable preoperative and surgical management significantly reduces postoperative symptoms that usually follow this type of surgery.

Trismus is defined as a tonic contraction of the muscles of mastication. It can also refer to limited mouth opening of any cause. Trismus is a classical symptom of masticatory space infections and it can be a sign of an infection in the anterior compartment of lateral pharyngeal space. Common causes in clinical practice followed by trismus are odontogenic infection which can be periodontal or pericoronal. This article will present a clinical report on intraoral management of mandibular odontogenic infection accompanied by severe trismus under local anesthesia using modified Akinosi technique in an outpatient environment. Treatment and postoperative period were routine. This kind of approach provides access to the infection at an early stage without general anesthesia, it shortens the hospital treatment and it enables faster recovery. KEY WORDS: Local Anesthesia, Odontogenic infection, Trismus.il trisma è definito come una contrazione tonica dei muscoli della masticazione. Può anche riferirsi a un’apertura limitata della bocca per qualsiasi causa. Il trisma è un sintomo classico delle infezioni dello spazio masticatorio e può essere un segno di un’infezione nel compartimento anteriore dello spazio faringeo laterale. Le cause più comuni nella pratica clinica seguite dal trisma sono infezioni odontogene che possono essere parodontali o pericoronali. Questo articolo presenterà un rapporto clinico sulla gestione intraorale dell’infezione odontogena mandibolare accompagnata da grave trisma in anestesia locale utilizzando la tecnica Akinosi modificata in ambiente ambulatoriale. Il trattamento e il periodo postoperatorio erano di routine. Questo tipo di approccio fornisce accesso all’infezione in una fase precoce senza anestesia generale, accorcia le cure ospedaliere e consente un recupero più rapido.

Lip cancer is the most common malignant lesion of the oral cavity. Most of the tumors have been presented in the lower lip as a SCC, whereas the upper lip SCC is rare. Surgical excision with negative margins is the mainstay of treatment for lip SCC. The author presents a patient with the upper lip SCC treated by wedge surgical excision. Primary reconstruction of the large upper lip defects can be successfully used in appropriately selected patients.

The value of local anesthesia (LA) is widely recognized in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Many procedures can be performed with the use of local anesthetic alone, instilled at or near the site of surgery.The author presents a patient with neck tumor, where the tumor removal was managed under LA at outpatient clinic. Treatment and postoperative period was routine.Neck surgery under LA in outpatient environment shows a great potential in adequately selected patients.

Xanthelasma palpebrarum represents yellowish plaques, which mostly appear near the inner cantus of the eyelid. In most patients, cosmetic reasons are the main purpose for their removal.The author presents a patient with a lower eyelid xanthelasma where surgical excision was used as a first treatment option. Cosmetic reasons, fast recovery, and possibility of a 1-stage procedure were the main requests of the patient for the removal of xanthelasma. Treatment and postrecovery period were routine.In the treatment of xanthelasma palpebrarum of the lower eyelids, it is necessary to consider surgical excision as a first treatment option.

Septoplasty is usually performed under general anesthesia or local anesthesia with sedation. Nevertheless, septoplasty under pure local anesthesia is also feasible and it shows a great potential for fast-track surgery. This article presents a patient with nasal septal deviation where septoplasty was managed under local anesthesia at an outpatient clinic. Treatment and postoperative period were routine. Septoplasty under local anesthesia showed a great potential in adequately selected patient.

Lip enhancement is one of the most common procedures in the facial cosmetic surgery. The most important reason for that is the fact that fullness of lips symbolizes youth and sensuality. The authors present 2 patients whose upper lip vermilion dimension was increased using the triple V-Y augmentation surgical technique. The main request for both was augmentation of the upper lip without dermal fillers and implants into the lip. Treatment and postrecovery were routine. After 1 month both upper lips had satisfactory look with the preservation of curvature of the Cupid's bow and natural appearance.The V-Y lip augmentation technique can be a method of choice for lip enhancement in adequately selected patients.

Picosecond fluorescence anisotropy and lifetime measurements are used to investigate the orientational dynamics and steady state order of the fluorescent probe oxazine 4 in the nematic and isotropic phases of 5, 6 and 7 cyanobiphenyl. Variation of the excitation polarization angle β with respect to the nematic director allows the preparation of both cylindrically symmetric and asymmetrically aligned probe distributions whose relaxation dynamics are sensitive to both θ and φ motions yielding two characteristic relaxation times: τ 20 (pure θ-diffusion) and τ 22 (predominantly φ-diffusion). Analysis of the fluorescence intensity decays for excitation polarisation angles of β=0° and β=54.7° allows a determination of the effect of local field and differential reflection losses without the measurement of sample refractive indices. A striking feature of oxazine 4 dynamics in the approach to the nematic-isotropic phase transition temperature (T NI ) is that whilst θ diffusion shows a characteristic Arrhenius temperature dependence, the rate of diffusion in the φ coordinate is reduced as the system becomes less ordered. In the isotropic phase over a 50°C temperature range above T NI the fluorescence anisotropy is characterised by two correlation times consistent with restricted rotational diffusion (intra-domain relaxation τ f ) within a slowly relaxing (pseudo-domain) structure (τ s ). The temperature dependence of τ f and τ s was in good agreement with recent theoretical models for intra- and inter-domain relaxation.

DNA sequence information underpins genetic research, enabling discoveries of important biological or medical benefit. Sequencing projects have traditionally used long (400-800 base pair) reads, but the existence of reference sequences for the human and many other genomes makes it possible to develop new, fast approaches to re-sequencing, whereby shorter reads are compared to a reference to identify intraspecies genetic variation. Here we report an approach that generates several billion bases of accurate nucleotide sequence per experiment at low cost. Single molecules of DNA are attached to a flat surface, amplified in situ and used as templates for synthetic sequencing with fluorescent reversible terminator deoxyribonucleotides. Images of the surface are analysed to generate high-quality sequence. We demonstrate application of this approach to human genome sequencing on flow-sorted X chromosomes and then scale the approach to determine the genome sequence of a male Yoruba from Ibadan, Nigeria. We build an accurate consensus sequence from >30x average depth of paired 35-base reads. We characterize four million single-nucleotide polymorphisms and four hundred thousand structural variants, many of which were previously unknown. Our approach is effective for accurate, rapid and economical whole-genome re-sequencing and many other biomedical applications.