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Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the midterm outcomes of secondary extension of frozen elephant trunk (FET) by means of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR)., Methods: This single-center prospective study was conducted in a tertiary aortic center on consecutive patients having undergone TEVAR with an endograft covering most of the 10 cm FET module with 2 to 4 mm oversizing. All patients were monitored by computerized tomography angiography (CTA) at sixth month and yearly thereafter., Results: From January 2015 to July 2022, among 159 patients who received FET, 30 patients (18.8%) underwent a TEVAR procedure (13 for a thoracoabdominal aneurysm, 11 for a chronic aortic dissection and 6 for an emergency procedure). All connections were successfully achieved with 2 postoperative deaths (6.6%) and 1 paraplegia (3.3%). At a median follow-up of 21 months (interquartile range [IQR], 4.2-34.7), 5 patients (25%) required a fenestrated-branched endovascular aortic repair (F-BEVAR) extension followed by 4 patients with 5 reinterventions, 3 for a Type 3 endoleak due to disconnection between FET and TEVAR endograft, and 2 unrelated to the FET for a secondary Type 1C endoleak. All reinterventions were successful, without mortality or morbidity., Conclusions: In this series, FET connection with a TEVAR endograft was effective with low postoperative morbidity but with a risk of aortic reintervention related to disconnection between the FET and TEVAR endograft. These results suggest the need for annual CTA monitoring with no time limit in patients following connection of the FET with a TEVAR endograft., Clinical Impact: In this series of 30 patients, midterm outcomes of secondary extension of frozen elephant trunk (FET) by thoracic endovascular repair (TEVAR) showed 3 disconnections (10%) with a Type 3 endoleak between FET and TEVAR. These findings suggest the need for annual CTA monitoring with no time limit. But so far, only a few studies provide some information after one year while the risk of disconnection increases over time and becomes a concern after 3 years. This is the new message brought by our study.

Background: Preoperative vascular mapping by duplex ultrasound is required in construction of an arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis (AVF). Due to venous vasospasm in cool temperatures and variability of the dialysis patient's blood volume, the conditions for performing this examination may be less than ideal. However, local regional anesthesia (LRA) resulting in vasodilation of the limb, can allow the use of veins considered to be of insufficient caliber during preoperative ultrasound mapping. The aim of this study was to assess the functionality of AVF when duplex ultrasound is performed by the surgeon following LRA. These results were compared with those from the preceding year, during which preoperative duplex ultrasound had been performed without LRA by vascular specialists, (Clinical Trial registration number: NCT04978155)., Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study of all the patients having received AVF after systematic immediate preoperative ultrasound (US) under LRA (US-LRA group) in 2020. The initial surgical programming based on the Silva criteria was reported by a vascular medicine specialist. The change of AVF strategy following US-LRA was reported together with AVF usability and patency and compared to the results of the control group, in which AVF had been performed in 2019 without US-LRA., Results: Ninety patients were included in the US-LRA group and 93 in the control group. Modified surgical planning was observed in 38% of cases (35/90) in the US-LRA group including more distal AVF in 28% of patients (26/90) and alternative target vein in 6.6% (6/90). AVF usability at 6 weeks was 80% (72/90) in the US-LRA group and 51.6% (48/93) in the control group (P < 0.001). Median follow-up was 12 months [IQR:9-15] in the US-LRA group and 13 months [IQR:9-18] in the control group. Primary patency at 6, 12, 18 months was significantly better in the US-LRA group (73.6% vs. 57.4%, 54.4% vs. 40.2%, 31.3% vs. 28.2%, respectively, P < 0.001). Assisted patency and secondary patency were comparable in the two groups., Conclusions: This study showed the benefit of having the surgeon perform US-LRA before starting the procedure, thereby allowing for more distal AVF, better usability and patency., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)