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Results and discussion. Y-chromosomes of the Kamchatkan Chukchi show a low diversity, being dominated by two variants N3a5b-B202 (57%) and N3*-M178* (19%), both virtually absent in the neighboring groups of Kamchatka. Phylogenetic analysis of the major lineages reveals some similarity with the populations of Chukotka (including Yupik Eskimo) at the level of clusters and closely matching haplotypes. More likely, this similarity can be explained by the gene flow from the Chukchi homeland to the south (i.e. to the northern regions of Kamchatka) over the past two centuries. The phylogenetic analysis of the N3a5b-B202 haplogroup revealed a correspondence between its two NGS-identified sub-branches (N3a5b1-B203, N3a5b2-B204) and two clusters found using STR markers. This concordance made it possible to compare the age estimates of these haplogroups obtained by different methods; the ages fell within the interval of 0.5-1.5 thousand years ago. N3*-M178* lineage is represented by a single STR-cluster (~800 years old) for which no “full-genome” analogue has yet been identified. The rest of the Chukchi paternal gene pool includes haplogroups C2-M48x (SK1066) (7%) and Q-M242 (7%), which are also present in the neighboring populations, primarily Koryaks, as well as Evens and Evenks. Conclusions. As expected, due to historical considerations, Chukchi of Kamchatka are most similar in Y-chromosome to the Chukotkan populations. The dating of the major branches of haplogroup N3 found in the Chukchi indicates a likely population growth within the past 0.5-1.5 thousand years. There is also a minor component in Chukchi, shared with the populations of Kamchatka, but its strict dating and origin is still unclear: it can be attributed both to the shared ancient NE Asian ancestry and to a recent admixture with local Kamchatkan groups.

В статье рассматривается корейское школьное образование, его преимущества и недостатки. Республика Корея (Южная Корея) – это восточноазиатская страна, которая имеет уникальный менталитет, в котором сочетаются множество особенностей. В жителях Южной Кореи переплетается корпоративность, коллективизм, уважение к старшим, большая ответственность. Система школьного образования хоть и имеет много общих черт с европейской системой школьного образования, но также и очень самобытна.

В послереволюционные годы вопрос о политическом устройстве и развитии Венгрии был прямо и непосредственно связан с вопросом о политических реформах во всей дунайской монархии в послереволюционный период. С другой стороны, «венгерская проблема» развивалась в неблагоприятный для Австрийской империи Габсбургов политический период. Авторами рассмотрены аспекты становления дуалистической монархии Австро-Венгрии.

The article deals with the application of the system approach for constructing informationalgorithmic support for the pharmaceutical development of solid dosage forms. Information modeling of the life cycle of pharmaceutical drug development has been carried out starting from the stage of studying the active pharmaceutical substance and ending with the utilization of the drug. These models are built in the IDEF0 nomination. A generalized block diagram is presented that reflects, in its most general form, the iterative process of developing a ready-made dosage form as applied to the further transfer of technology. The basis of the system approach is QbD - "Quality planned in the development". To implement the QbD principle on the basis of the system approach, systemic set-theoretic models of information support of pharmaceutical development in the nomenclature of Melentiev have been constructed. A model for controlling the pressing process is also provided, which takes into account all the technological stages in the development of a solid dosage form. Functional models in the IDEF0 nomenclature of the technological process are constructed from the preparation of premises, personnel and components of the dosage form to the stage of packing and packaging of the finished dosage form. The construction of an informational intellectual control system for pharmaceutical development has been considered in detail with particular attention paid to the construction of a database of medicinal and auxiliary substances using the example of solid dosage forms. In Melentiev's bracket notation, the database of auxiliary substances necessary for the design of a solid dosage form is filled. The "Entity-relationship" model and the relational model for the database of medicinal and auxiliary substances have been constructe

в данной статье авторы затрагивают тему Великой Отечественной Войны. История не только просвещает, учит, но и воспитывает. Это коллективная память народа, обращенная как в прошлое, так и в будущее. Священна память о народных героях всех войн, о тех, кто отстоял нашу страну от иноземных захватчиков. Бессмертен подвиг советского человека, солдата и труженика в Великой Отечественной войне. Часы истории отстукивают всё больше и больше лет. Вот их уже 75, но наша победа не стареет. Она близка почти каждой нашей семье. С ней связаны годы лихих испытаний, потеря родных, близких, друзей, но у нашей победы отличные боевые соратники – это массовый патриотизм, любовь к Родине, героизм. У нашей победы есть цена высокая и печальная. Двадцать миллионов советских людей погибло в этой жестокой войне, которая длилась 1418 дней и ночей. Ещё не зажили раны в сердцах людей. Велик подвиг советского народа в Великой Отечественной войне. Все, от мала до велика, поднялись на защиту Родины. В сердцах людей она жива, потому что до сих пор ещё не залечены её раны, не иссякла боль, не забыты те, кто отдал жизнь за великую Победу.

The indigenous populations of inner Eurasia—a huge geographic region covering the central Eurasian steppe and the northern Eurasian taiga and tundra—harbour tremendous diversity in their genes, cultures and languages. In this study, we report novel genome-wide data for 763 individuals from Armenia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Mongolia, Russia, Tajikistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. We furthermore report additional damage-reduced genome-wide data of two previously published individuals from the Eneolithic Botai culture in Kazakhstan (~5,400 bp). We find that present-day inner Eurasian populations are structured into three distinct admixture clines stretching between various western and eastern Eurasian ancestries, mirroring geography. The Botai and more recent ancient genomes from Siberia show a decrease in contributions from so-called ‘ancient North Eurasian’ ancestry over time, which is detectable only in the northern-most ‘forest-tundra’ cline. The intermediate ‘steppe-forest’ cline descends from the Late Bronze Age steppe ancestries, while the ‘southern steppe’ cline further to the south shows a strong West/South Asian influence. Ancient genomes suggest a northward spread of the southern steppe cline in Central Asia during the first millennium bc. Finally, the genetic structure of Caucasus populations highlights a role of the Caucasus Mountains as a barrier to gene flow and suggests a post-Neolithic gene flow into North Caucasus populations from the steppe. Genome-wide data for 763 individuals from inner Eurasia reveal 3 admixture clines in present-day populations that mirror geography, illuminating the historic spread and mixture of peoples across the Eurasian steppe, taiga and tundra.

приступая к вопросу о политическом положении Венгрии в империи Габсбургов, авторы считают необходимым отметить некоторые характерные черты и принципы этой специфической исторической структуры. Империя австрийских Габсбургов (до 1804 г. – Священная Римская империя германской нации) начала складываться в средние века и к началу раннего Нового времени состояла из земель габсбургского альпийского домена и территорий, приобретенных в результате династических браков. Так сложилось ядро государства – Австрия, Чехия, Венгрия, на какое-то время – Испания и Нидерланды. В связи с тем, что политический строй той исторической эпохи подразумевал диалог королевской власти с сословными корпорациями, габсбургские монархи повсеместно шли на уступки, диалог и компромисс в отношении национальных, традиционных, сословных элит. В этом многонациональном – что очень характерно для Восточной и Центральной Европы в целом, – политическом образовании, земли Венгерской короны играли важную политическую, экономическую и историческую роль.

The indigenous populations of inner Eurasia, a huge geographic region covering the central Eurasian steppe and the northern Eurasian taiga and tundra, harbor tremendous diversity in their genes, cultures and languages. In this study, we report novel genome-wide data for 763 individuals from Armenia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Mongolia, Russia, Tajikistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. We furthermore report genome-wide data of two Eneolithic individuals (~5,400 years before present) associated with the Botai culture in northern Kazakhstan. We find that inner Eurasian populations are structured into three distinct admixture clines stretching between various western and eastern Eurasian ancestries. This genetic separation is well mirrored by geography. The ancient Botai genomes suggest yet another layer of admixture in inner Eurasia that involves Mesolithic hunter-gatherers in Europe, the Upper Paleolithic southern Siberians and East Asians. Admixture modeling of ancient and modern populations suggests an overwriting of this ancient structure in the Altai-Sayan region by migrations of western steppe herders, but partial retaining of this ancient North Eurasian-related cline further to the North. Finally, the genetic structure of Caucasus populations highlights a role of the Caucasus Mountains as a barrier to gene flow and suggests a post-Neolithic gene flow into North Caucasus populations from the steppe.

The indigenous populations of inner Eurasia, a huge geographic region covering the central Eurasian steppe and the northern Eurasian taiga and tundra, harbor tremendous diversity in their genes, cultures and languages. In this study, we report novel genome-wide data for 763 individuals from Armenia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Mongolia, Russia, Tajikistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. We furthermore report genome-wide data of two Eneolithic individuals (∽5,400 years before present) associated with the Botai culture in northern Kazakhstan. We find that inner Eurasian populations are structured into three distinct admixture clines stretching between various western and eastern Eurasian ancestries. This genetic separation is well mirrored by geography. The ancient Botai genomes suggest yet another layer of admixture in inner Eurasia that involves Mesolithic hunter-gatherers in Europe, the Upper Paleolithic southern Siberians and East Asians. Admixture modeling of ancient and modern populations suggests an overwriting of this ancient structure in the Altai-Sayan region by migrations of western steppe herders, but partial retaining of this ancient North Eurasian-related cline further to the North. Finally, the genetic structure of Caucasus populations highlights a role of the Caucasus Mountains as a barrier to gene flow and suggests a post-Neolithic gene flow into North Caucasus populations from the steppe.

В статье, основанной на материалах биографического интервью, исследуется специфика демократизации страны во времена перестройки, рассматривается период с 1987 года, с момента официального появления понятия гласность, предпринимается попытка выделить основные черты данного феномена, опираясь на рассказы современников тех событий. The article, based on the materials of the biographical interviews, the paper discusses specifics of democratization of the country during perestroika, the period since 1987, since the official appearance of the concept of publicity, attempts to highlight the main features of this phenomenon, drawing on the accounts of contemporaries of those events.

The aim of the study was to determine indices of the anthropometric research, body composition and to evaluate the influence of consumatory behavior on the body composition of students of the medical Univercity.In the study there were used the Dutch eating behavior questionnaire (Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire or DEBQ), anthropometric, bioimpedancemetric indices obtained in the survey of 101 students in the Health Centres of the city of Omsk with the use of body composition analyzer "MEDES". The representativeness of the minimal sample was calculated according to the recommendations of Plokhinskiy N.A.Statistical treatment of the collected data allowed to determine the average values, median, 25 and 75 percentiles, standard deviations, coefficients of variation of anthropometric, bioimpedancemetric indices, data of testing offeeding behavior offemale and male students of the Medical University, to determine the statistically significant gender differences in indices. With the help of cluster analysis of K-means in the format adopted in Statistica 6.1 there was made optimal grouping in the entire set of objects, there were identified two clusters. With the help of elements of cluster analysis there were established students included in different clusters for the implementation of personalized recommendations on hygienic education of the students.

We conducted the first genetic analysis of a wide a range of rural Russian populations in European Russia with a panel of common DNA markers commonly used in criminalistics genetic identification. We examined a total of 647 samples from indigenous ethnic Russian populations in Arkhangelsk, Belgorod, Voronezh, Kursk, Rostov, Ryazan, and Orel regions. We employed a multiplex genotyping kit, COrDIS Plus, to genotype Short Tandem Repeat (STR) loci, which included the genetic marker panel officially recommended for DNA identification in the Russian Federation, the United States, and the European Union. In the course of our study, we created a database of allelic frequencies, examined the distribution of alleles and genotypes in seven rural Russian populations, and defined the genetic relationships between these populations. We found that, although multidimensional analysis indicated a difference between the Northern gene pool and the rest of the Russian European populations, a pairwise comparison using 19 STR markers among all populations did not reveal significant differences. This is in concordance with previous studies, which examined up to 12 STR markers of urban Russian populations. Therefore, the database of allelic frequencies created in this study can be applied for forensic examinations and DNA identification among the ethnic Russian population over European Russia. We also noted a decrease in the levels of heterozygosity in the northern Russian population compared to ethnic populations in southern and central Russia, which is consistent with trends identified previously using classical gene markers and analysis of mitochondrial DNA.

Olethreutes pivanica Dubatolov, Bogunova & Nedoshivina, sp. n. (Figs. 5���6) Type material: Holotype: ♂, RUSSIA, Khabarovsk Province, near Komsomolsk-na-Amure, Pivan, 50 �� 34 ��� N 137 �� 03��� E, 16.vi. 2008, leg. V. V. Dubatolov. Deposited in ISEA. Paratype (allotype): female, the same locality, 14.vi 2008, leg. V. V. Dubatolov. Description. Forewing length 9 mm. Head: Dark brown; labial palpi relatively small, slightly broadened distally, covered by dark brown scales. Antennae brown, ca. one-half forewing length. Thorax: Dark brown. Forewing with costal margin slightly convex, apex rounded, termen slightly oblique, tornus rounded; upperside ground color brownish-black; pattern typical of members of genus, consisting of transversal dark brownish fasciae with narrow, lighter, dove grayish striae between them; median stria not contrasting, with sparse dark scales, extending from basal one-third of costa towards one-half of dorsal margin, outer margin of dark median fascia slightly convex, jagged, with small angle in central cell; postmedian transversal stria fused dorsally, enclosing darker pretornal patch; submarginal stria dark and indistinct; dark external field triangularly narrowed towards tornus; light pattern brighter around discal vein. Forewing cilia brownish-grey. Hind wing ovoid with slightly extended apex, dark brown with slightly lighter base; costal margin with elongate basal lobe about 1 / 3 of costal length, its fore margin with elongate special androconial scales (Fig. 12). Cilia lighter than hindwing. Abdomen: Dark gray. Male genitalia (Fig. 10) with uncus bifurcate apically, covered with long hairs. Socii separate, partly fused with tegumen, forming broad ovoid processes, covered with long hairs. Gnathos membranous. Valva long, with broad basal part; cucullus roughly widened apically, forming round club covered by long chaetae; cucullus apex more than four times as broad as valva neck; valva neck long, narrow, without chaetae; sacculus with narrowly triangular apical process, broader towards costa, narrower ventrally, forming rounded ventral lobe, densely covered with strong chaetae; field of chaetae expanded at costa forming a row at cucullus base, ending in two strong chaetae; sacculus with a cluster of chaetae near ventral lobe of triangular process, ventral edge of sacculus covered with row of hairs; anterior group of sparse, weaker chaetae located at distal edge of basal cavity. Aedeagus slightly curved, dorsally membranous; sclerotized ventral part of aedeagus forming a narrow apical process, curved clockwise with a strong spine on dorsum. Female genitalia (Fig. 11) with papillae anales narrow, elongate, slightly broadened apically. Sternite VII horseshoe-like, forming two broad bands laterally from ostium. Ostium surrounded by broad semicircular sclerite extended caudally. Vaginal sinus forming narrow goblet-like sclerite, slightly hollowed proximally. Ductus burase moderate in length. Corpus bursa ovoid, without signum. Diagnosis. Olethreutes pivanica is not easily distinguished from the related Palearctic species by wing pattern alone, but it is noticeably darker. The male genitalia of O. pivanica are similar to those of O. magadana (Falkovitsh 1965) from the Kolyma region in the North-East Asia and O. kamtshadala (Falkovitsh 1966) from Kamchatka. All these species have a strong process of the sacculus that is covered by dense strong chaetae; the basal part of valva is broad, and the cucullus is club shaped. Although similar, the shape of the sacculus process is different: ovoid and broadly rounded apically in O. kamtshadala, narrowly triangular in O. pivanica, and broadly triangular in O. magadana. The ratio of the length to width of this process is about 2: 1 in O. pivanica and 1: 1 in O. magadana. The row of chaetae on the costal edge of the process base is long in O. pivanica (nearly equal to the length of the process) and very short in O. magadana. The ratio of the length to width of the valva neck is 3: 1 in O. pivanica and 4: 1 in O. magadana. In addition, the club shape of the cucullus is more or less round in O. pivanica and ovoid in O. magadana. The North American species O. bowmanana (McDunnough 1923) is less similar to the new species than are the two East Asian ones. The saccular process of O. bowmanana is very broad, nearly rectangular, and expands immediately from the basal cavity, whereas in all Asian species it is located conspicuously more distal. The valval neck in O. bowmanana is short and very broad, only slightly narrower than the cucullus apex. Biology. Olethreutes pivanica was collected at the lower part of a petrophytous sunny slope of a terrace of the Amur River bank. Moths were flying over the small boulders covered with sparse vegetation. The species probably occurs in the middle part of the petrophytous slope, but the slope is too steep for collecting. The species flew with the more common Cnephasia ussurica Filipjev 1962, and these were the only tortricoid species observed at this slope. Neither was found in other places of the Region (Syachina 2008), and they are probably restricted to this biotope. Another characteristic species at this site was the Holarctic Clossiana tritonia (Boeber 1812) [Nymphalidae], represented by the topotype population of C. t. amphilochus (M��n��tri��s 1859). Distribution. Olethreutes pivanica is probably restricted to the Lower Amur basin and the mountains of the Region. Etymology. The new species is named after the type locality place, Pivan. Remarks. The new species is most similar to O. magadana, which was reported to occur in Chukotka, Magadan Province, Koryakia, Chita Province and Taimyr (Kuznetzov 2001). We found a few specimens labeled as O. magadana that were identified incorrectly by V. I. Kuznetzov in the collection of the Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg. After dissection, specimens from Chukotka were identified as O. exaridana (Kuznetzov 1991); a female from Kolyma was not identified, but it is not similar to the O. magadana-kamtshadala species group based on its genitalia. Another female from Taimyr has the genitalia similar to the new species and belongs to an uncertain species of the same complex. So, O. magadana Flkv. is actually known only from the Kolyma basin. All other data about distribution of O. magadana Flkv. in Chukotka and Kolyma were probably based on the incorrect identification. Additional specimens from Chukotka identified by Prof. V. I. Kuznetzov as O. kamtshadala Flkv. belong to Cymolomia taigana Falkovitsh, 1966. Thus, occurrence of O. kamtshadala Flkv. in Chukotka remains also questionable., Published as part of Dubatolov, Vladimir V., Bogunova, Anna A. & Nedoshivina, Svetlana V., 2014, Review of the Olethreutes bowmanana-magadana species group, with the description of a new species from the Amur River, Russia (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae), pp. 375-382 in Zootaxa 3779 (3) on pages 380-381, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3779.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/226315, {"references":["Falkovitsh, M. I. (1965) New East Asian species of leaf-rollers (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 44 (2), 414 - 437. [in Russian]","Falkovitsh, M. I. (1966) New Palearctic species of leaf-rollers from subfamily Olethreutinae (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta AN SSSR. Leningrad, 37, 208 - 227. [in Russian]","McDunnough, J. (1923) New Canadian Lepidoptera. The Canadian Entomologist, 55, 163 - 168. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / ent 55163 - 7","Filipjev, N. N. (1962) New species of Tortricinae (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) in the fauna of the USSR. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta AN SSSR. 30, 369 - 381. [in Russian]","Syachina, A. A. (2008) A review of the fauna of leaf-rollers (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) from environs of Komsomolsk-na- Amure (Khabarovskii Krai). Problemy ekologii Verkhnego Priamur'ya, Vypusk 10, Tom 2, 98 - 125. [in Russian]","Menetries, E. (1859) Lepidopteres de la Siberie orientale et en particulier des rives de l'Amour; par M. Menetries. (Lu le 11 juin 1858). Bulletin de la classe physico-mathematique de l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St. - Petersbourg, 17 (14), 212 - 221."]}

Olethreutes bowmanana (McDunnough 1923) (Fig. 1) Argyroploce bowmanana McDunnough, 1923. Canadian Entomologist 55: 165���166 (Type locality: Canada, Alberta, Nordegg [Holotype: CNCO]). Material examined. 1 ♂ (holotype), No. 607, [Canada], Alta [Alberta], Nordegg, 23.vii. 1922, K. Bowmann leg. [coll. CNCO]. Remarks. This species was described by McDunnough (1923) on the basis of the wing pattern and assigned to Argyroploce H��bner, [1825]. Heinrich (1926) treated Argyroploce as a junior synonym of Olethreutes H��bner, [1822], and provided only a short diagnosis, without a detailed illustration of the male genitalia. Hannemann (1961) rejected Heinrich���s (1926) opinion and treated Argyroploce as a separate genus. Falkovitsh (1965, 1966) followed Hannemann (1961) and described two species, Argyroploce magadana and A. kamtshadala, both from Russia. In his monograph on the Tortricidae of the Russian Far East, Kuznetzov (2001) also treated Argyroploce as a separate genus and noted that the Russian tundra species A. magadana is replaced in North America by the related A. bowmanana. Based on a study of the type material of O. bowmanana, we conclude that this species indeed bears a strong similarity with, and is probably related to O. magadana and O. kamtshadala. A redescription of O. bowmanana is given below with a special emphasis on the characters shared with the Palaearctic species. Description. Forewing length 8 mm. Head: Vertex and palpi with a mixture of blackish and grayish scales. Antennae dark gray, about half a long as forewing. Thorax: Concolorous with head. Forewing elongate, with costa nearly straight, termen oblique and straight, dorsal angle rounded; upperside ground color grayish brown, with distinct pattern; basal, median and postmedian fasciae well defined, with narrow dark striae between them; subbasal fascia narrow, curved in median cell, broader dorsally, with outer margin distinct; median fascia narrow; outer margin distinct, fissured, with a process beyond whitish discal spot; postmedian fascia divided by costal strigula; preterminal fascia narrow; apical spot small, round, and blackish; costal strigulae whitish gray. Cilia brownish gray, and checkered with darker spots; marginal line well defined. Hindwing elongate-ovoid, with narrowly rounded apex; grayish brown. Cilia concolorous with wing. Anal roll well developed. Abdomen: Dark gray. Male genitalia (Fig. 9) with uncus bifid, covered with long hairs. Socii digitate, laterally fused with tegumen. Valva elongate; cucullus rounded, spatulate, slightly wider than neck of valva; neck shorter than cucullus, ratio of its length to width 1.5: 1; basal part of valva broad; lobular process at distal part of sacculus covered with strong spines, cluster of spines extending basally and costally to nearly basal cavity; sacculus at basal side of lobular process with wide setose spine cluster; ventral edge of sacculus covered with row of setae. Aedeagus slightly curved downward, dorsally membranous; sclerotized ventral part projecting distally to form a narrow apical foldable process with strong spine on right side apically. Female genitalia unknown. Diagnosis. Olethreutes bowmanana is most similar to O. kamtshadala but can be distinguished by the following characters: valvae neck wider, slightly narrower than cucullus, whereas in O. kamtshadala the neck is less than half as wide as the cucullus; the lobular process of the sacculus is wide and flat, not raise above the other parts of sacculus; the setose spine cluster on the ventral margin of the sacculus is wider than that of O. kamtshadala and consists of stronger spines; and the aedeagus is longer, approximately 6 times its width, and nearly the same width throughout, whereas in O. kamtshadala the aedeagus is about 3 times as long as its maximum width and the tip about half as wide as the base. Distribution. Canada (Alberta)., Published as part of Dubatolov, Vladimir V., Bogunova, Anna A. & Nedoshivina, Svetlana V., 2014, Review of the Olethreutes bowmanana-magadana species group, with the description of a new species from the Amur River, Russia (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae), pp. 375-382 in Zootaxa 3779 (3) on pages 376-377, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3779.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/226315, {"references":["McDunnough, J. (1923) New Canadian Lepidoptera. The Canadian Entomologist, 55, 163 - 168. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / ent 55163 - 7","Heinrich, C. (1926) Revision of the North American moths of the subfamilies Laspeyresiinae and Olethreutinae. United States National Museum Bulletin, 132, 1 - 216. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.132.1","Hubner, J. (1822) Systematisch-alphabetisches Verzeichnis aller bisher bey den Furbildungen zur Sammlung europaischer Schmetterlinge angegebenen Gattungsbenennungen. Augsburg, VI + 81 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 48605","Hannemann, H. J. (1961) Kleinschmetterlinge oder Microlepidoptera. I. Die Wickler (s. str.) (Tortricidae). Dahl, F. (Ed.). Die Tierwelt Deutschlands. - Jena, Gustav Fischer, 48, 1 - 233.","Falkovitsh, M. I. (1965) New East Asian species of leaf-rollers (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 44 (2), 414 - 437. [in Russian]","Falkovitsh, M. I. (1966) New Palearctic species of leaf-rollers from subfamily Olethreutinae (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta AN SSSR. Leningrad, 37, 208 - 227. [in Russian]"]}

Olethreutes magadana (Falkovitsh 1965) (Fig. 3) Selenodes magadana Falkovitsh, 1965, Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 44 (2): 422���423 (Type locality: Russia, 160 km SE from Magadan, settl. Madaun [Holotype: ZISP]). Material examined. 1 ♂ (holotype), micr. prep. No. 310, [Russia], 160 km SE from Magadan, settl. Madaun, 18.vii. 1964, Tsvetaev leg. [coll. ZISP]. Remarks. Descriptions of O. magadana and the next species, O. kamtshadala, were originally published in Russian. Redescriptions are given here in English for comparison of all species of the Olethreutes bowmananamagadana species group and to confirm the association of these species with the group. Description. Forewing length 9 mm. Head: Grayish brown; labial palpi relatively small, slightly broadened distally, covered externally by dark grayish brown scales and internally by whitish scales. Antennae brown, about one-half forewing length. Thorax: Grayish brown. Forewing subquadrangular, costal margin nearly straight, apex rounded; temen slightly oblique, tornus rounded; upperside ground color grayish brown; pattern typical of other members of genus, consisting of transversal light striae and dark fasciae; basal part gray, covered with dispersed darker grayish brown scales forming an oblique transversal marble pattern; median fascia grayish brown, distal margin oblique from middle part of costal margin towards tornal angle, turning acutely to dorsal margin at tornal angle, enclosing an oval grayish spot; costal strigulae dove gray; 6 th��� 8 th strigulae containing whitish scales; admixture of whitish scales reaching maximum at discal vein, forming a whitish spot; distal part of forewing concolorous with basal part, but with one broader sinuous grayish brown preterminal fascia. Cilia gray, with well defined blackish marginal line. Hindwing elongate-ovoid, with slightly extended apex, grayish brown; costal margin with elongate basal lobe ca. 0.4 length of costa, its fore margin with elongate specialized androconial scales. Abdomen: Dark gray. Male genitalia (Fig. 8) with uncus slightly narrowed and weakly bifurcate apically, covered with long hairs. Socii separate, laterally fused with tegumen, covered with long hairs. Gnathos membranous. Valva long with broader basal part; cucullus gradually widened apically forming an ovoid club covered by long setae, its apex about three times as broad as neck of valva; neck of valve long, narrow, without setae; sacculus with wide triangular apical process, extended ventrally, narrowing towards costa, densely covered with strong setae; sacculus with a setose cluster near proximal edge of triangular process, ventral edge of process covered with row of hairs; basal side of triangular process with small setose spine cluster. Aedeagus slightly curved, nearly straight, membranous dorsally; sclerotized ventral part of aedeagus forming a narrow apical process, curved clockwise with a strong spine on top. Female genitalia with papillae anales elongate, broader apically (dorsally) and narrow ventrally. Sternite VII forming two leaf-like sclerotizations, one on each side of ostium. Ostium surrounded by two lateral semicircular sclerites. Vaginal sinus sclerotized with transverse narrowing near base. Ductus bursae moderate in length. Corpus bursae ovoid, without signum. Diagnosis. Olethreutes magadana is most similar to O. pivanica, sp. n., but can be distinguished by the following characters: cucullus ovoid, slightly elongate, whereas in O. pivanica the cucullus is wide, rounded; and apical process of the sacculus triangular, broadest ventrally, narrowing towards costa, whereas in O. pivanica the process is broader towards the costa, narrowing ventrally and forming a rounded ventral lobe. Distribution. Known only from the type series, collected at the upper part of the Kolyma river basin., Published as part of Dubatolov, Vladimir V., Bogunova, Anna A. & Nedoshivina, Svetlana V., 2014, Review of the Olethreutes bowmanana-magadana species group, with the description of a new species from the Amur River, Russia (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae), pp. 375-382 in Zootaxa 3779 (3) on pages 378-379, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3779.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/226315, {"references":["Falkovitsh, M. I. (1965) New East Asian species of leaf-rollers (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 44 (2), 414 - 437. [in Russian]"]}

Olethreutes kamtshadala (Falkovitsh 1966) (Fig. 4) Selenodes kamtshadala Falkovitsh, 1966, Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta AN SSSR 37: 222���223 (Type locality: Russia, Koryakia autonomous region, Apuka, Pakhachinsky Range [Holotype: ZISP]). Material examined. 1 ♂ (holotype), micr. prep. no. 326, [Russia], Koryakia autonomous region, Apuka, Pakhachinsky Range, mountain tundra, 300 m, 7.vii. 1959, K. Gorodkov leg. [coll. ZISP]. Description. Forewing length 8 mm. Head: Light brownish gray; labial palpi small, covered externally by dark brownish gray scales. Antennae brown, slightly longer than one-half forewing length. Thorax: Light brown gray. Forewing subquadrangular, strongly elongate, with costal nearly straight and apex rounded; termen conspicuously oblique, straight, tornus rounded; upperside ground color dark brown with an admixture of whitish scales; small groups of black scales forming short black longitudinal streaks representing elements of broken subbasal, median, and postmedian fasciae; no conspicuous darker transversal fasciae; basal, mesal and distal wing parts concolorous, not separated from each other; costal strigulae white; 5 th��� 8 th strigulae fused with white ovoid postdiscal spot; ocellar region lighter at tornal part with three dark (not black) streaks; outer margin beyond apex with three white streaks. Cilia dark whitish with brown scales; marginal line distinct. Hindwing same shape as other members of species group, but apex less extended; light gray, slightly darker along outer margin, darkest at apex; costal margin with elongate basal lobe about 1 / 3 length of costa, its fore margin with elongate specialized androconial scales. Cilia whitish. Abdomen: Light gray. Male genitalia (Fig. 7) with uncus slightly expanded apically with distinct apical bifurcation. Socii fused laterally with tegumen. Gnathos membranous. Valva long, broadest basally; cucullus enlarged apically into an oviod bulb; neck short, ca. twice as long as width; sacculus with broadly ovoid, short, apical process, densely covered with strong setae; field of chaetae not narrowed towards costa, with a row of several strong chaetae along costa towards basal cavity; sacculus apex with small setose spine cluster. Aedeagus similar to other species of the group. Female unknown. Diagnosis. Olethreutes kamtshadala is most similar to O. magadana but can be distinguished by the following characters: neck of the valva shorter than the cucullus, ca. twice as long as wide, whereas in O. magadana the neck is nearly as long as the cucullus, ca. four times as long as wide; and the apical process of the sacculus short, broadly ovoid, whereas in O. magadana process distinctly triangular. Distribution. Northern part of Kamchatka Peninsula., Published as part of Dubatolov, Vladimir V., Bogunova, Anna A. & Nedoshivina, Svetlana V., 2014, Review of the Olethreutes bowmanana-magadana species group, with the description of a new species from the Amur River, Russia (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae), pp. 375-382 in Zootaxa 3779 (3) on page 379, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3779.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/226315, {"references":["Falkovitsh, M. I. (1966) New Palearctic species of leaf-rollers from subfamily Olethreutinae (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta AN SSSR. Leningrad, 37, 208 - 227. [in Russian]"]}

Dubatolov, Vladimir V., Bogunova, Anna A., Nedoshivina, Svetlana V. (2014): Review of the Olethreutes bowmanana-magadana species group, with the description of a new species from the Amur River, Russia (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). Zootaxa 3779 (3): 375-382, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3779.3.5

Olethreutes H��bner [1822] Systematisch-alphabetisches Verzeichniss aller bisher bey den F��rbildungen zur Sammlung europ��ischer Schmetterlinge: 72. Type species: Phalaena Tortrix arcuana Linnaeus, 1761 = [Phalaena] arcuella Clerck, 1759 by subsequent designation. Olethreutes is a large Holarctic genus with 133 described species currently assigned to it (Gilligan et al. 2012). Species included in the genus exhibit a wide range of genital morphology wing patterns, and male secondary structures, making the genus extremely heterogeneous and probably polyphyletic. However, many species within Olethreutes show remarkable similarities to presumably closely related species, and many of these could be combined into natural groups. The Olethreutes bowmanana-magadana species group, proposed here, shows clear differences from other Olethreutes and is considered a natural group supported by following characters: brown to dark gray wing colour with lighter grayish striae and blackish spots; uncus narrow, bifid distally; sacculus with a distal internal lobe covered by strong spines and a spine cluster proximally on the ventral side; cucullus with a slender neck and apical widening; and aedeagus with foldable apical spine. The assignment of the species under consideration to the genus Olethreutes is generally accepted (Brown et al. 2005), but their relationships to other Olethreutes species remain uncertain., Published as part of Dubatolov, Vladimir V., Bogunova, Anna A. & Nedoshivina, Svetlana V., 2014, Review of the Olethreutes bowmanana-magadana species group, with the description of a new species from the Amur River, Russia (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae), pp. 375-382 in Zootaxa 3779 (3) on page 376, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3779.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/226315, {"references":["Hubner, J. (1822) Systematisch-alphabetisches Verzeichnis aller bisher bey den Furbildungen zur Sammlung europaischer Schmetterlinge angegebenen Gattungsbenennungen. Augsburg, VI + 81 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 48605","Gilligan, T. M., Baixeras, J., Brown, J. W. & Tuck, K. R. (2012) T @ RTS: Online World Catalogue of the Tortricidae (Ver. 2.0). Available from: http: // www. tortricid. net / catalogue. asp (accessed 19 February 2014)","Brown, J. W., Baixeras, J., Brown, R., Horak, M., Komai, F., Metzler, E. H., Razowski, J. & Tuck, K. (2005) Tortricidae (Lepidoptera). In: Landry, B. (Ed.), World Catalogue of Insects. Vol. 5. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 741 pp."]}