Search

Copyright of Economica (1585-6216) is the property of College of Szolnok and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The concepts of Bio-Economy and Eco-Economy were applied in Banat 200 years ago, when the swampy fields were transformed into pastures and arable fields. The rivers have been regularized and the Bega channel was built. The rich pastures of Banat have been in favour of raising a large number of animals' breeds. Banat provided for the Austrian Empire agricultural products. In Banat the Prediem Compagne were built for obtaining qualitative meat from the taurines, which had been fattened on the fields ever since the 18 century. Eco-bio-economy is a scientific, economic and philosophic endeavor dedicated to the development of the integrated environment health, of the mankind welfare, through an integrated multipolar eco-bio-economic concept, which promotes the Agrifood Green Power and the Smart Sustainable Integrated Development of the future. Purpose and Goals of strategies Eco-Bio-Economy is: strengthening Banat's economic competitiveness; new research and innovation center in Banat - for targeted access to the new knowledge. This paper is based on the strategy of Danube Basin Rural and Landscape initiated by the Association Transylvanian Rare Breeds and on the other papers on Bio-Ecoeconomy written and presented by the authors at various international symposiums and subsequently published. The motivation for a European orientation in the strategic alignment does not lie in the attainment of economic advantages, alone but also in the eco- social benefits and rural poverty diminishing. Eco-Bio-Geostrategy means the capitalization of all soil resources and of underground natural resources from that area; The Earth must be treated as a living being. It is important predictability of division of labor on the international level, adopting solutions to conditions in Banat -including integration of local knowledge and interdisciplinary research and development projects with human medicine, industry, etc. Potential zootechnical for organic products is that they were exposed to Nuremberg World Expo (Germany) February 2013. One cannot conceive a strategy of economic competitivity of a region without knowing the territorial capital of the Banat Euroregion. We are not competitive enough in Banat in what concerns the industry, computers, etc. but we can be in agriculture. The Banat Euroregion must be agrifood green power. Ethnozootechny offers solutions for preserving Romanian and European zoogenetic patrimony. The Transylvanian Rare Breeds Association represents one of the solutions for animal breeders in order to achieve the balance between human - animal - environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is known that the in vitro culture (IVC) of preimplantation embryos is associated with changes in gene expression. It is however, not known if the method of fertilization affects the global pattern of gene expression. We compared the development of mouse blastocysts produced by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) versus blastocysts fertilized in vivo and cultured in vitro from the zygote stage (IVC). At the end of cultivation (96 hrs for blastocyst stage embryos), expanded blastocysts of each group were randomly selected, and ICM and total cells number were differentially stained. The total cell number of blastocysts was estimated by counting the total number of nuclei using DAPI staining. Cell number for inner cell mass (ICM) was estimated by counting the OCT4 (POU5FL) positive cells. Digitally recombined, composite images were analyzed using the Zeiss Axion Vision software and Zeiss Apotome. All 5-10 optical sections were divided using a standard grid over each layer to count all. Comparing the total cells and the ICM cells number, it appears that each method of fertilization has a unique pattern development. The developmental rate and the total cell number of the blastocyst were significantly lower in ICSI versus in vivo fertilized embryos which affect the embryonic developmental rate and the total cell number of blastocysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this experiment was to assess the nutritional characteristics (metabolisable energy (ME) with values between 2850-3000 kcal, crude protein (CP) from 21 to 17%) and mixture concentrated (MC) administration period (biphasically or triphasically) on the productive performance of broilers raised in organic system. The experiment was conducted on a total of 108 ROSS 308 commercial hybrids for 84 days under specific feeding ecological system. The experimental design consisted of 3 treatments with three replicate cages per treatment. It was found that the higher energy MC1 caused a lower average daily consumption in offspring of V1 (43.00 g) compared to broilers of the other two versions, a trend that is maintained in the following phases. Experimental variants V2 and V3 which have consumed in the first phase MC2 with 10% egg in structure obtained a higher average daily gain (23.90 and 23.23 g) in the first phase as well as in the growth and finishing phases. At the age of slaughter (84 days) V2 stands with 3867.33 g body weight which consumed MC2 in phase I (with 10% egg in structure), triphasically fed variant, followed by V3 (3710.96 g) (p> 0.05) biphasically fed. Also the introduction in MC2 of a protein source of high biological value generated in the first phase an feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 1.75, respectively 1.80, higher than recorded in V1 2.08. European production index (EPI) shows a high value (161.06) in the version triphasically fed with MC2, MC4, MC6, with values close to the version MC2 and MC6 biphasically fed (152.80). The costs of feeding are for V3 version biphasically fed even if the first phase feeding costs are higher due to the introduction in the MC2 structure of 10% egg. Given the productive performance and expenses incurred in feeding it should be used in organic farming and growing household a biphasically feeding containing the nutritional requests set. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assessment of the development ability of oocytes following vitrification and thawing is an important step for the optimization of "in vitro" fertilization techniques. The classic "in vitro" fertilization of vitrified-thawed oocytes in mice is often inefficient because of incomplete capacitation of spermatozoa in the absence of surrounding cumulus cells. The aim of this study was to compare the fertilization and embryo development efficiency of vitrified-thawed oocytes assessed by two modem "in vitro" fertilization methods: Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and laser assisted IVF (ZD-IVF) and to overcome the incomplete capacitation of spermatozoa and the zona pellucida hardening following vitrification. A total of 110 oocytes, obtained from superovulated B6D2F1 females were vitrified using the OPS method and subsequently warmed on a later date. Surviving oocytes (n=96, 87.3%) were randomly allocated for fertilization by ICSI (n=56, group 1) or laser assisted IVF (n=60, group 2) using fresh spermatozoa from CD1 stud males. Fertilization was achieved in 37 (66%) of the oocytes from group 1 and 38 (63%) from group 2. The developmental rate of 4 cells stage embryos, morulae and blastocysts (36±60%, 35±58.5%, 19±53%) in the first group was similar comparing with the second group (34±60.7%, 32±57.1%, 28±50%). We conclude that the fertilization and embryo development efficiency of vitrified-thawed oocytes can be enhanced significantly using ICSI or Laser Assisted IVF. These data also suggest that by using one of these methods we can overcome the incomplete capacitation of spermatozoa and the zona pellucida hardening following vitrification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethno-zootechny is part of zootechnical sciences and it constitutes it self as an autonomous subject. In Romania, this subject is less known even if it could have a significant role in the creation of an Animal Genetics Industry. Ethno-zootechny offers solutions for preserving Romania's and Europe's zoogenetic patrimony. The new eco-bio-economical paradigm offers - through the impact it has on the increase of economic competition in various regions- the opportunity of diminishing poverty in rural areas. The Eco-Bio-Economy may address possible Eco-Bio-Policies and Eco-Bio-Strategies and allows the contribution of the social economy, of excellence and of the "all in one quality", of the welfare economy, of solidarity, social corporate responsibility, as elements which may be utilized in an integrated practical future plafform in a multipolar world for a healthy and ecological environment, to ensure and to promote a smart, creative, innovative, economic sustainable development. Recently is launched the concept Bio-eco-economy, which means an economy based on biological sciences, economic sciences and humanities Veterinary ethno-medicine represents an excellent research field for getting to know and practicing traditional methods of animal treatment. The Transylvanian Rare Breeds Association and together with the "Acad. David Davidescu" Agro-Forestry Biodiversity Research Center from the Romanian Academy, represents one of the solutions for animal breeders in order to achieve the balance between human-animal-environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The studies made by us are based on fundamental biological role of prostaglandines modulator of hormonal actions, influxes nerve transmission and cellular ionic exchanges. One of the main action of PGF2α is luteolyse, a process that includes both the secretion of progesterone and regression yellow body. PGF2α is a luteolitic for most of the species: cow, buffalo, sow, mare, sheep, rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters and rats, except primates. At present it is considered that PGF2α have their specific receptors, which are fixed and through their model would enable guanidine mono-phosphate cyclic or GMP's Goldberg. The ocitocic and luteolitic effect represents the pharmacodynamic base of PGF2α use in breeding biotechnologies and hormonal therapy. In medicine veterinary prostaglandins are used after 1973. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although oocyte cryopreservation represents one of the main objectives of the reproductive medicine and cryobiology in the last years, until now, regardless of the studied specie, there is no freezing protocol that will assure satisfactory survival rates after thawing. Oocyte cryopreservation is now one of the most problematic issues in cryobiology aria, especially because they are extremely sensitive to low temperatures, and the maintaining of a normal development potential after thawing is very difficult. For animals cryopreservation is offering the possibility of preserving the genetically valuable genotypes or endangered species, with reducing the costs associated with conventional breeding (shelter, food, bed, drugs, human resources, etc.). The main factors affecting the viability of the oocyte are cryoprotectors, freezing method, disruption of meiotic spindle, zona pellucida hardening and oocyte maturation stage. The present paper is aiming to review the historic of oocyte cryopreservation, the main factor involved in oocyte viability and current trends in gamete preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The studies made by us are based on fundamental biological role of prostaglandin modulator of hormonal actions, influxs nerve transmission and cellular ionic exchange. One of the main actions of PGF2α is luteolyse, a process that includes the secretion of progesterone and regression yellow body. PGF2α is a luteolitic for almost species: cow, buffalo, sow, mare, sheep, rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters and rats, except primates. At present it is considered that PGF2α have their specific receptors, which are fixed and through their model would enable guanidine monophosphate or cyclic GMP's Goldberg. The effect of ocitocic luteolitic and pharmacodynamics basis of PGF2α, used in breeding biotechnologies and hormonal therapy. In medicine veterinary prostaglandines are used after 1973. Were injected with 2 ml Reglandin (150 mg D-(+) - cloprostenol) 24 women diagnosed with corpus luteum anestris and 22 females (87.5%) came in to oestrus at a mean of 59 hours, and after an average interval of 70 hours.şi were artificially inseminated (AI) a total of 20 female (83.33%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment on the assessment of development parameters in the case of heavy-breed young poultry was carried out in concordance with the common legislation, with the provision of feeding and maintenance conditions specific to the organic system. The experiment lasted for 84 days (150 chickens); in this period, we used two structures of concentrate mixtures: CM1 (from 1 day to 42 days), with the following characteristics 3003 kcal EM, 19.91% CP, 1% lysine, 0.57% methionine + cystine, 1.08% Ca and 0.62% P and CM2 (from 43 to 84 days) with 2981 kcal EM, 16.03% CP, 0.73% lysine, 0.47% methionine+cystine, 1.06% Ca and 0.58% P. During the experiment, we recorded the growth performances (body weight, growth, daily gain) and the CI. The body weight recorded at 84 days was 1623.10±37.0 g, with a daily mean growth of 19.32 g and a specific intake of: 3.68 kg AC, 11261.28 kcal EM, 635.35 g CP, 31.03 g lysine and 19.02 g methionine+cystine/kg growth. We determined a mathematical model for body mass prediction depending on energy and protein ingestion, generating an equation of this type: y=a+b*ln(x1)+c*ln(x1)2+d*x2+e*x2 2, with a multiple determination coefficient R2=0.99 and an error percentage at the end of the growth period of 0.02%, beetwen predicted and experimental values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biodiversity is the basic indicator, which expresses the durability and stability zone in direct relationship with the environment and life. Biodiversity monitoring both quantitatively and qualitatively puts us in contact with reality environment and its stability, because biodiversity is constantly changing. Only by measuring the biodiversity we can perceive the sudden chances, which influence directly our life in order to interfere with redesigning the media by ecological reconstruction. The application of biotechnologies to buffalo breeding is paramount to remedy the existing situation. The most numerous Romanian buffalos are the Carpathian type, with valuable gene resource, well adapted to the cold climate for buffalo. Results of artificial insemination in this species are influenced by the quality of semen used. We know that there are periods in which sperm are immobile, so it is important to test the ability of sperm fertilized. This test can be performed in vitro using direct or indirect methods. Utilization of Polamski scale principle remains present, but can be improve and combine with Milovanov resistance and "in vitro" capacitating methods. For determination of fertilizing power we use "in vitro" capacitation methods: direct method, indirect method and "swim-up" technique who are obligatory in E.U. We use this tests because Polamski scale can't be applied, knowing that an immobility of buffalo semen in some conditions is a characteristic of this semen, semen that can be recovery on the normal parameters. Milovanov resistance test have restricted efficiency because NaCl solution have a negative effect over the sperms. Semen charges testing with these new methods they present a good fertilizing power. This test is easier to realize and takes of decision is faster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Banat are 80 officially registered traditional products The milk and denved products is the traditional food. Drink milk products from all major species: cow, bufllmlo, sheep, goat. There are a large number of traditional recipes, some 150 years old. Mostly these recipes were lost, including the food that uses milk as ingredient. In supermarkets there are products, which are labeled as being "traditional food" but their taste and quality are still different from the true traditional recipes, because those old recipes are almost completely lost or "disobeyed". A well-known example of losing traditional recipes is the "Vinga" chocolate. STmga is a small multiethnic community situated inBanat; in the plain area; and this is the place where back in 19th century a chocolate factory was built; the taste of that chocolate being similar to the Swiss or Belgian one. Alter 1947, when factories m Romania were nationalized, the owner of the particular factory, Mr. Drascovici, the only person who knew the entire recipe, didn't want to disclose it to anyone. Thus, the "Vinga chocolate" is nowadays only a memory of Vinga's elders, whereas the youth is not really interested in traditional food. Daimy products are traditionally eaten in Banat and their consumption has increased with 48-51 % from 1990 to 2010. The raw product is milk, which comes fium cows and sheep, but also goats and buffalo females. Butter is used daily but also for certain cakes, such as the famous cakes made alter German recipes. Lard is also used in the making of pastry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An increasing attention has been payed to scientific research activity by world economies in the last decade, especially as regards innovation, one of its essential section, along with basic and applied scientific research and technology transfer. Each economical activity involves some inputs (human, financial informational, technological, material, etc). A continuous, significant material resources decreasing, concomitantly with human population occures, therefore much attention to technological and biotechnological inputs should pe paid. Present report proposed to approach biotechnological resource issue, to border it within global economical system, as well as some aspects on innovation activity and its economical effects, having considered that we live within an obviously high tech society. Scientific report in biotechnologyand their applications in agricultural practice have fully demonstrated the mutual and indissoluble link between reproduction and livestock production in terms of growth and leadership on fertility, birth rate and prolificacy animals, which directly affect people's quality of life through ever-increasing needs animal protein. Biotechnologies for use in all animal species, but they unevenly supported. The most advanced application of artificial insemination and embryotransfer progress was made in cattle on which the species has reached perfection and embryotransfer has been applied widely in animals with high genetic value, according to official data from National Agency for Reproduction and Animal Science Breeding and Romanian Society for Embryotransfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently about 50% of females practiced artificial insemination - semen use farm performance of high genetic value while household farms - the only criterion in choosing the family of frozen semen is the lowest price and of course, a breeding value as. To make genetic progress must increase the number of cows artificially inseminated, IA also authorize the young bulls, tested at 100 days with high breeding values (SG 125). This leads to accelerate genetic progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last time a sustained activity for defending the biodiversity in the nature has evolved. In order to classify the degree of extinction risk in natural biological populations (biological species) the number of adult animals was preferred. The established degrees of risk are: in safety state >10000 heads, in vulnerably state <10000 - 1000 > heads, species in danger <1000 -100 > heads, species in critical state <100 heads. Same action has been extended to the biological populations in culture (breeds and lines or strains in animals, varieties or sorts in vegetable cultures, stems in microbiology) based on the same degrees of risk. But in farm animals the criterion and the degrees of risk admitted by FAO are not satisfactory because in natural biological populations closed reproduction is ensured by natural molecular and behavioural mechanisms, genetically controlled meanwhile in artificial populations reproduction is closed by men with artificial means (incarceration, territorial insulation, or registration books) being unprotected against crossbreeding. The proposed degrees of risk for animal artificial populations are: active (with improvement program), in safety (big number, passive), vulnerable (with decreasing livestock), in danger (fast decreasing livestock or getting to 100 - 1000 heads and less than 6 families), in critical states (less than 100 heads and less than 4 active males), in construction or reconstruction (new or former existing populations). The difference concerning the means of closing reproduction in natural and artificial populations essentially modifies the way of estimating their state of extinction risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A number of 103 ownerless dogs, not vaccinated against leptospirosis, accommodated at the testing moment in a community shelter in Bucharest, are tested for leptospirosis by the ultramicroscopic agglutination seroreaction with MAR type live antigen The results revealed that 36,89% of these dogs represent for humans and for domestic and farm animals a potential natural reservoir of infection with microorganisms of the Lesptospira genus. The Canicola serotype was identified in 81,57% of the positive cases and the Icterohaemorrhagiae serotype in 18,43% of the positive cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In developing countries, 80 percent of the necessary production increase would come from increases in yields and cropping intensity and only 20 percent from expansion of arable land. But the fact is that globally the rate of growth in yields of the major cereal crops has been steadily declining, it dropped from 3.2 percent per year in 1960 to 1.5 percent in 2000. Many countries will continue depending on international trade to ensure their food security. It is estimated that by 2050 developing countries' net imports of cereals will more than double from 135 million metric tonnes in 2008/09 to 300 million in 2050. That is why there is a need to move towards a global trading system that is fair and competitive and that contributes to a dependable market for food. Reform of farm support policies in OECD countries is a welcome step which has led to a decline in the aggregate trade distortion coefficient from 0.96 in 1986 to 0.74 in 2007. Climate change and increased biofuel production represent major risks for long-term food security. Although countries in the Southern hemisphere are not the main originators of climate change, they may suffer the greatest share of damage in the form of declining yields and greater frequency of extreme weather events. Studies estimate that the aggregate negative impact of climate change on African agricultural output up to 2080-2100 could be between 15 and 30 percent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The specific of the touristic product and its quality depend to a large extent on the professional ability of the service staff (kindness, solitude, punctuality, promptness). Aspects related to professional ethics (correctitude, trust, honesty) are seen by the consumer as inseparable from the quality of a service. At the same time, tourist's perception on the quality of the received service depends on the level of performers' involvement. Actually, in rural tourism, at boarding houses and agro tourist farms, the staff is interested in bringing more tourists, their offer being characterized by a thorough competition. Agro tourist boarding houses offer a wide range of accommodation places and natural food products from their own households. Each agro tourist region has its own specific features that are, the building style, comfort, and traditional kitchen. The National Office of Traditional Products protect the name of traditional products to avoid bad competition between producers who made same product with same geographical name but in different zone. The quality of services provided to native tourists by the boarding house or agro tourist firm staff finds itself in an interdependent relation with ecological food products. The analysis based on microsatellite data has demonstrated the possibility to genetically characterize the breeds studied and to distinguish the origin of animals. The incorrect labeling of foods represents a commercial fraud. It is very important to establish that species of high commercial value declared are not substitute, partial or entirely, by other lower value species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, on a global level livestock management is a multifunctional activity. Beyond their direct role in generating food and income, livestock can be a valuable asset, serving as a store of wealth, collateral for credit and an essential safety net during times of crisis. Livestock are also central to mixed farming systems. Demand for livestock products in the future could be heavily moderated by socioeconomic factors such as human health concerns and changing socio-cultural values. There is considerable uncertainty as to how these factors will play out in different regions of the world in the coming decades. The paper is divided into 4 sections. The first part makes a short presentation of the effect of livestock production on food security at a global level through the analysis of official statistic data on the evolution of livestock production up to the present as well as an incursion into world data regarding events forecast by experts from FAO, OECD and other known research institutes for alimentary security at a global level up to 2050 and 2100. The second part presents a dynamic analysis of data on a world level regarding the agro-livestock production and correlations with socio-economic factors as well as environmental factors at a global scale. Based on of specific literature presented on the end of paper, and especially of own studies and researches of authors working group made inside the first Post-doctoral School financed by European Union for project with topics: "The Post doctoral School of livestock Biodiversity and Food Biotechnology based on Eco-economy and Bio-economy for Ecosanogenesis". Are presented more new concepts, terms, and methodological schemes about sustainable development of rural farms. GNIR Holding develops these innovative ideas in context of knowledge based bio-economy for a the most priority strategic national project and integrated through recently objectives of Lisabona 2020 Strategy for smart, sustenable and inclusive growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the experiment was to evaluate the chemical composition of meat of Mangalica and Large White pigs. The animals were raised in alternative system and exposed to 8-11°C. The initial weight at was 100 kg. Preparation of the carcass was made after the classical method. Linear measures were made on warm carcass. The chemical composition of meat was determined to Longissimus dorsi muscle. The protein content of meat was determinate by Tecator - Kyltec Auto Analyze and fat content by Soxtec System HT. Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA method. Comparative with Large White breed, at Mangalica pigs, the fat thickness was significantly higher by 93% (p≤0.001) and the water content of meat was lower by 8.6%. The fat content of meat was higher with 117% and cholesterol content was reduced with 32%, the differences being significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to establish the effect of thermal stress on the productive performance of Mangalica breed. The animals were raised in alternative systems and exposed to 30-36°C and 8-11°C, respectively. The pigs had free access to standard, isoprotein and isocalory diets, with 13.5% crude protein (CP) and 3100 kcal/kg metabolizable energy. Feed intake was measured on a daily basis. The energy-protein balance was calculated on the basis of comparative slaughter made at the beginning and end of the experiment. The metabolizable energy (MEc) was estimated by chemical analysis (feed and excreta) using mathematical modelling and the Whittemore's formula. The efficiency of energy utilization for protein synthesis was 0.48 at heat stress and 0.55 at cold stress; for fat retention was 0.52 and 0.77, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An important role in the elaboration of zootechny development is played by the Transylvanian Rare Breeds Association (TRB Association), given to its large database regarding animal husbandry and agriculture in Romania, especially in Transylvania and Banat. The animal breeders associations, as well as the NGOs that fight for preserving the zoogenetic and hunting diversity and for the specific lifestyle in the rural communities of Banat, represent the solution for raising economic competitiveness of this region. For example, these associations could help restoring the agricultural cooperatives or finding ways of protecting the local breeds. The TRB Association, through consultancy but also through academic extension, offers support for those who raise local animals, giving them solutions for preserving those breeds and motivating the breeders to keep raising those animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The animal genetic industry, represented by a couple of big transnational companies control almost all the international market of cattle, pigs, poultry and partially, the aquaculture. According to a study published by Susanne Gura (2007), the genetic industry in the case of laying hens is run by two companies, Erich Wesjohann Gruppe and Hendrix Genetic BV and the broilers genetics is represented by Grimaud Group and Aviagen International Gruppe Inc. These companies use a small number of breeds in their efforts of genetic engineering and cloning so as to get to performant hybrids. By establishing Centers of Poultry Genetics is supported to creating the genetic industry in Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An abstract of the article "The White Goose of Banat, a Population Which Should Have Long Been Declared a Breed," by Marcel Matiuti and colleagues is presented.

An abstract of the article "Research on the Transylvanian Pustertaler Cattle Breed," by Marcel Matiuti and colleagues is presented.