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1. The Pluto system: Initial results from its exploration by New Horizons

Author

Stern, S. A., Bagenal, F., Ennico, K., Gladstone, G. R., Grundy, W. M., McKinnon, W. B., Moore, J. M., Olkin, C. B., Spencer, J. R., Weaver, H. A., Young, L. A., Andert, T., Andrews, J., Banks, M., Bauer, B., Bauman, J., Barnouin, O. S., Bedini, P., Beisser, K., Beyer, R. A., Bhaskaran, S., Binzel, R. P., Birath, E., Bird, M., Bogan, D. J., Bowman, A., Bray, V. J., Brozovic, M., Bryan, C., Buckley, M. R., Buie, M. W., Buratti, B. J., Bushman, S. S., Calloway, A., Carcich, B., Cheng, A. F., Conard, S., Conrad, C. A., Cook, J. C., Cruikshank, D. P., Custodio, O. S., Ore, C. M. Dalle, Deboy, C., Dischner, Z. J. B., Dumont, P., Earle, A. M., Elliott, H. A., Ercol, J., Ernst, C. M., Finley, T., Flanigan, S. H., Fountain, G., Freeze, M. J., Greathouse, T., Green, J. L., Guo, Y., Hahn, M., Hamilton, D. P., Hamilton, S. A., Hanley, J., Harch, A., Hart, H. M., Hersman, C. B., Hill, A., Hill, M. E., Hinson, D. P., Holdridge, M. E., Horanyi, M., Howard, A. D., Howett, C. J. A., Jackman, C., Jacobson, R. A., Jennings, D. E., Kammer, J. A., Kang, H. K., Kaufmann, D. E., Kollmann, P., Krimigis, S. M., Kusnierkiewicz, D., Lauer, T. R., Lee, J. E., Lindstrom, K. L., Linscott, I. R., Lisse, C. M., Lunsford, A. W., Mallder, V. A., Martin, N., McComas, D. J., McNutt Jr., R. L., Mehoke, D., Mehoke, T., Melin, E. D., Mutchler, M., Nelson, D., Nimmo, F., Nunez, J. I., Ocampo, A., Owen, W. M., Paetzold, M., Page, B., Parker, A. H., Parker, J. W., Pelletier, F., Peterson, J., Pinkine, N., Piquette, M., Porter, S. B., Protopapa, S., Redfern, J., Reitsema, H. J., Reuter, D. C., Roberts, J. H., Robbins, S. J., Rogers, G., Rose, D., Runyon, K., Retherford, K. D., Ryschkewitsch, M. G., Schenk, P., Schindhelm, R., Sepan, B., Showalter, M. R., Singer, K. N., Soluri, M., Stanbridge, D., Steffl, A. J., Strobel, D. F., Stryk, T., Summers, M. E., Szalay, J. R., Tapley, M., Taylor, A., Taylor, H., Throop, H. B., Tsang, C. C. C., Tyler, G. L., Umurhan, O. M., Verbiscer, A. J., Versteeg, M. H., Vincent, M., Webbert, R., Weidner, S., Weigle II, G. E., White, O. L., Whittenburg, K., Williams, B. G., Williams, K., Williams, S., Woods, W. W., Zangari, A. M., and Zirnstein, E.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The Pluto system was recently explored by NASA's New Horizons spacecraft, making closest approach on 14 July 2015. Pluto's surface displays diverse landforms, terrain ages, albedos, colors, and composition gradients. Evidence is found for a water-ice crust, geologically young surface units, surface ice convection, wind streaks, volatile transport, and glacial flow. Pluto's atmosphere is highly extended, with trace hydrocarbons, a global haze layer, and a surface pressure near 10 microbars. Pluto's diverse surface geology and long-term activity raise fundamental questions about how small planets remain active many billions of years after formation. Pluto's large moon Charon displays tectonics and evidence for a heterogeneous crustal composition, its north pole displays puzzling dark terrain. Small satellites Hydra and Nix have higher albedos than expected., Comment: 8 pages - Initial Science paper from NASA's New Horizons Pluto Encounter

Published
2015
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2. <scp>SNAPSHOT USA</scp> 2020: A second coordinated national camera trap survey of the United States during the <scp>COVID</scp> ‐19 pandemic

Author

Kays R., Cove M. V., Diaz J., Todd K., Bresnan C., Snider M., Lee T. E., Jasper J. G., Douglas B., Crupi A. P., Weiss K. C. B., Rowe H., Sprague T., Schipper J., Lepczyk C. A., Fantle-Lepczyk J. E., Davenport J., Zimova M., Farris Z., Williamson J., Fisher-Reid M. C., Rezendes D., King S. M., Chrysafis P., Jensen A. J., Jachowski D. S., King K. C., Herrera D. J., Moore S., van der Merwe M., Lombardi J. V., Sergeyev M., Tewes M. E., Horan R. V., Rentz M. S., Driver A., Brandt L. R. S. E., Nagy C., Alexander P., Maher S. P., Darracq A. K., Barr E. G., Hess G., Webb S. L., Proctor M. D., Vanek J. P., Lafferty D. J. R., Hubbard T., Jimenez J. E., McCain C., Favreau J., Fogarty J., Hill J., Hammerich S., Gray M., Rega-Brodsky C. C., Durbin C., Flaherty E. A., Brooke J., Coster S. S., Lathrop R. G., Russell K., Bogan D. A., Shamon H., Rooney B., Rockhill A., Lonsinger R. C., O'Mara M. T., Compton J. A., Barthelmess E. L., Andy K. E., Belant J. L., Petroelje T., Wehr N. H., Beyer D. E., Scognamillo D. G., Schalk C., Day K., Ellison C. N., Ruthven C., Nunley B., Fritts S., Whittier C. A., Neiswenter S. A., Pelletier R., DeGregorio B. A., Kuprewicz E. K., Davis M. L., Baruzzi C., Lashley M. A., McDonald B., Mason D., Risch D. R., Allen M. L., Whipple L. S., Sperry J. H., Alexander E., Wolff P. J., Hagen R. H., Mortelliti A., Bolinjcar A., Wilson A. M., Van Norman S., Powell C., Coletto H., Schauss M., Bontrager H., Beasley J., Ellis-Felege S. N., Wehr S. R., Giery S. T., Pekins C. E., LaRose S. H., Revord R. S., Hansen C. P., Hansen L., Millspaugh J. J., Zorn A., Gerber B. D., Rezendes K., Adley J., Sevin J., Green A. M., Sekercioglu C. H., Pendergast M. E., Mullen K., Bird T., Edelman A. J., Romero A., O'Neill B. J., Schmitz N., Vandermus R. A., Alston J. M., Kuhn K. M., Hasstedt S. C., Lesmeister D. B., Appel C. L., Rota C., Stenglein J. L., Anhalt-Depies C., Nelson C. L., Long R. A., Remine K. R., Jordan M. J., Elbroch L. M., Bergman D., Cendejas-Zarelli S., Sager-Fradkin K., Conner M., Morris G., Parsons E., Hernandez-Yanez H., McShea W. J., Kays, R., Cove, M. V., Diaz, J., Todd, K., Bresnan, C., Snider, M., Lee, T. E., Jasper, J. G., Douglas, B., Crupi, A. P., Weiss, K. C. B., Rowe, H., Sprague, T., Schipper, J., Lepczyk, C. A., Fantle-Lepczyk, J. E., Davenport, J., Zimova, M., Farris, Z., Williamson, J., Fisher-Reid, M. C., Rezendes, D., King, S. M., Chrysafis, P., Jensen, A. J., Jachowski, D. S., King, K. C., Herrera, D. J., Moore, S., van der Merwe, M., Lombardi, J. V., Sergeyev, M., Tewes, M. E., Horan, R. V., Rentz, M. S., Driver, A., Brandt, L. R. S. E., Nagy, C., Alexander, P., Maher, S. P., Darracq, A. K., Barr, E. G., Hess, G., Webb, S. L., Proctor, M. D., Vanek, J. P., Lafferty, D. J. R., Hubbard, T., Jimenez, J. E., Mccain, C., Favreau, J., Fogarty, J., Hill, J., Hammerich, S., Gray, M., Rega-Brodsky, C. C., Durbin, C., Flaherty, E. A., Brooke, J., Coster, S. S., Lathrop, R. G., Russell, K., Bogan, D. A., Shamon, H., Rooney, B., Rockhill, A., Lonsinger, R. C., O'Mara, M. T., Compton, J. A., Barthelmess, E. L., Andy, K. E., Belant, J. L., Petroelje, T., Wehr, N. H., Beyer, D. E., Scognamillo, D. G., Schalk, C., Day, K., Ellison, C. N., Ruthven, C., Nunley, B., Fritts, S., Whittier, C. A., Neiswenter, S. A., Pelletier, R., Degregorio, B. A., Kuprewicz, E. K., Davis, M. L., Baruzzi, C., Lashley, M. A., Mcdonald, B., Mason, D., Risch, D. R., Allen, M. L., Whipple, L. S., Sperry, J. H., Alexander, E., Wolff, P. J., Hagen, R. H., Mortelliti, A., Bolinjcar, A., Wilson, A. M., Van Norman, S., Powell, C., Coletto, H., Schauss, M., Bontrager, H., Beasley, J., Ellis-Felege, S. N., Wehr, S. R., Giery, S. T., Pekins, C. E., Larose, S. H., Revord, R. S., Hansen, C. P., Hansen, L., Millspaugh, J. J., Zorn, A., Gerber, B. D., Rezendes, K., Adley, J., Sevin, J., Green, A. M., Sekercioglu, C. H., Pendergast, M. E., Mullen, K., Bird, T., Edelman, A. J., Romero, A., O'Neill, B. J., Schmitz, N., Vandermus, R. A., Alston, J. M., Kuhn, K. M., Hasstedt, S. C., Lesmeister, D. B., Appel, C. L., Rota, C., Stenglein, J. L., Anhalt-Depies, C., Nelson, C. L., Long, R. A., Remine, K. R., Jordan, M. J., Elbroch, L. M., Bergman, D., Cendejas-Zarelli, S., Sager-Fradkin, K., Conner, M., Morris, G., Parsons, E., Hernandez-Yanez, H., and Mcshea, W. J.

Subjects
United State, Carnivora, Wild, mammal, Animals, Wild, Didelphimorphia, species distribution modeling, Birds, Bird, camera traps, biodiversity, biogeography, Cetartiodactyla, Lagomorpha, mammals, occupancy modeling, Animals, Humans, Mammals, Pandemics, United States, COVID-19, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Pandemic, camera trap, Animal, Human
Abstract

Managing wildlife populations in the face of global change requires regular data on the abundance and distribution of wild animals, but acquiring these over appropriate spatial scales in a sustainable way has proven challenging. Here we present the data from Snapshot USA 2020, a second annual national mammal survey of the USA. This project involved 152 scientists setting camera traps in a standardized protocol at 1485 locations across 103 arrays in 43 states for a total of 52,710 trap-nights of survey effort. Most (58) of these arrays were also sampled during the same months (September and October) in 2019, providing a direct comparison of animal populations in 2 years that includes data from both during and before the COVID-19 pandemic. All data were managed by the eMammal system, with all species identifications checked by at least two reviewers. In total, we recorded 117,415 detections of 78 species of wild mammals, 9236 detections of at least 43 species of birds, 15,851 detections of six domestic animals and 23,825 detections of humans or their vehicles. Spatial differences across arrays explained more variation in the relative abundance than temporal variation across years for all 38 species modeled, although there are examples of significant site-level differences among years for many species. Temporal results show how species allocate their time and can be used to study species interactions, including between humans and wildlife. These data provide a snapshot of the mammal community of the USA for 2020 and will be useful for exploring the drivers of spatial and temporal changes in relative abundance and distribution, and the impacts of species interactions on daily activity patterns. There are no copyright restrictions, and please cite this paper when using these data, or a subset of these data, for publication.

Published
2022
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3. PLANETARY SCIENCE: The Pluto system: Initial results from its exploration by New Horizons

Author

Stern, S. A., Bagenal, F., Ennico, K., Gladstone, G. R., Grundy, W. M., McKinnon, W. B., Moore, J. M., Olkin, C. B., Spencer, J. R., Weaver, H. A., Young, L. A., Andert, T., Andrews, J., Banks, M., Bauer, B., Bauman, J., Barnouin, O. S., Bedini, P., Beisser, K., Beyer, R. A., Bhaskaran, S., Binzel, R. P., Birath, E., Bird, M., Bogan, D. J., Bowman, A., Bray, V. J., Brozovic, M., Bryan, C., Buckley, M. R., Buie, M. W., Buratti, B. J., Bushman, S. S., Calloway, A., Carcich, B., Cheng, A. F., Conard, S., Conrad, C. A., Cook, J. C., Cruikshank, D. P., Custodio, O. S., Ore, Dalle C. M., Deboy, C., Dischner, Z. J. B., Dumont, P., Earle, A M., Elliott, H. A, Ercol, J., Ernst, C. M., Finley, T., Flanigan, S. H., Fountain, G., Freeze, M. J., Greathouse, T., Green, J. L., Guo, Y., Hahn, M., Hamilton, D. P., Hamilton, S. A., Hanley, J., Harch, A., Hart, H. M., Hersman, C. B., Hill, A., Hill, M. E., Hinson, D. P., Holdridge, M. E., Horanyi, M., Howard, A. D., Howett, C. J. A., Jackman, C., Jacobson, R. A., Jennings, D. E., Kammer, J. A., Kang, H. K., Kaufmann, D. E., Kollmann, P., Krimigis, S. M., Kusnierkiewicz, D., Lauer, T. R., Lee, J. E., Lindstrom, K. L., Linscott, I. R., Lisse, C. M., Lunsford, A. W., Mallder, V. A., Martin, N., McComas, D. J., McNutt, R. L., Jr., Mehoke, D., Mehoke, T., Melin, E. D., Mutchler, M., Nelson, D., Nimmo, F., Nunez, J. I., Ocampo, A., Owen, W. M., Paetzold, M., Page, B., Parker, A. H., Parker, J. W., Pelletier, F., Peterson, J., Pinkine, N., Piquette, M., Porter, S. B., Protopapa, S., Redfern, J., Reitsema, H. J., Reuter, D. C., Roberts, J. H., Bobbins, S. J., Rogers, G., Rose, D., Runyon, K., Retherford, K. D., Ryschkewitsch, M. G., Schenk, P., Schindhelm, E., Sepan, B., Showalter, M. R., Singer, K. N., Soluri, M., Stanbridge, D., Steffl, A. J., Strobel, D. F., Stryk, T., Summers, M. E., Szalay, J. R., Tapley, M., Taylor, A., Taylor, H., Throop, H. B., Tsang, C. C. C., Tyler, G. L., Umurhan, O. M., Verbiscer, A. J., Versteeg, M. H., Vincent, M., Webbert, R., Weidner, S., Weigle, G. E., II, White, O. L., Whittenburg, K., Williams, B. G., Williams, K., Williams, S., Woods, W. W., Zangari, A. M., and Zirnstein, E.

Published
2015
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6. The Pluto system: Initial results from its exploration by New Horizons

Author

Stern, S. A., primary, Bagenal, F., additional, Ennico, K., additional, Gladstone, G. R., additional, Grundy, W. M., additional, McKinnon, W. B., additional, Moore, J. M., additional, Olkin, C. B., additional, Spencer, J. R., additional, Weaver, H. A., additional, Young, L. A., additional, Andert, T., additional, Andrews, J., additional, Banks, M., additional, Bauer, B., additional, Bauman, J., additional, Barnouin, O. S., additional, Bedini, P., additional, Beisser, K., additional, Beyer, R. A., additional, Bhaskaran, S., additional, Binzel, R. P., additional, Birath, E., additional, Bird, M., additional, Bogan, D. J., additional, Bowman, A., additional, Bray, V. J., additional, Brozovic, M., additional, Bryan, C., additional, Buckley, M. R., additional, Buie, M. W., additional, Buratti, B. J., additional, Bushman, S. S., additional, Calloway, A., additional, Carcich, B., additional, Cheng, A. F., additional, Conard, S., additional, Conrad, C. A., additional, Cook, J. C., additional, Cruikshank, D. P., additional, Custodio, O. S., additional, Dalle Ore, C. M., additional, Deboy, C., additional, Dischner, Z. J. B., additional, Dumont, P., additional, Earle, A. M., additional, Elliott, H. A., additional, Ercol, J., additional, Ernst, C. M., additional, Finley, T., additional, Flanigan, S. H., additional, Fountain, G., additional, Freeze, M. J., additional, Greathouse, T., additional, Green, J. L., additional, Guo, Y., additional, Hahn, M., additional, Hamilton, D. P., additional, Hamilton, S. A., additional, Hanley, J., additional, Harch, A., additional, Hart, H. M., additional, Hersman, C. B., additional, Hill, A., additional, Hill, M. E., additional, Hinson, D. P., additional, Holdridge, M. E., additional, Horanyi, M., additional, Howard, A. D., additional, Howett, C. J. A., additional, Jackman, C., additional, Jacobson, R. A., additional, Jennings, D. E., additional, Kammer, J. A., additional, Kang, H. K., additional, Kaufmann, D. E., additional, Kollmann, P., additional, Krimigis, S. M., additional, Kusnierkiewicz, D., additional, Lauer, T. R., additional, Lee, J. E., additional, Lindstrom, K. L., additional, Linscott, I. R., additional, Lisse, C. M., additional, Lunsford, A. W., additional, Mallder, V. A., additional, Martin, N., additional, McComas, D. J., additional, McNutt, R. L., additional, Mehoke, D., additional, Mehoke, T., additional, Melin, E. D., additional, Mutchler, M., additional, Nelson, D., additional, Nimmo, F., additional, Nunez, J. I., additional, Ocampo, A., additional, Owen, W. M., additional, Paetzold, M., additional, Page, B., additional, Parker, A. H., additional, Parker, J. W., additional, Pelletier, F., additional, Peterson, J., additional, Pinkine, N., additional, Piquette, M., additional, Porter, S. B., additional, Protopapa, S., additional, Redfern, J., additional, Reitsema, H. J., additional, Reuter, D. C., additional, Roberts, J. H., additional, Robbins, S. J., additional, Rogers, G., additional, Rose, D., additional, Runyon, K., additional, Retherford, K. D., additional, Ryschkewitsch, M. G., additional, Schenk, P., additional, Schindhelm, E., additional, Sepan, B., additional, Showalter, M. R., additional, Singer, K. N., additional, Soluri, M., additional, Stanbridge, D., additional, Steffl, A. J., additional, Strobel, D. F., additional, Stryk, T., additional, Summers, M. E., additional, Szalay, J. R., additional, Tapley, M., additional, Taylor, A., additional, Taylor, H., additional, Throop, H. B., additional, Tsang, C. C. C., additional, Tyler, G. L., additional, Umurhan, O. M., additional, Verbiscer, A. J., additional, Versteeg, M. H., additional, Vincent, M., additional, Webbert, R., additional, Weidner, S., additional, Weigle, G. E., additional, White, O. L., additional, Whittenburg, K., additional, Williams, B. G., additional, Williams, K., additional, Williams, S., additional, Woods, W. W., additional, Zangari, A. M., additional, and Zirnstein, E., additional

Published
2015
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7. Development of a Mammal Hair Identification Guide for Common Species in New York

Author

Archer, L., Bogan, D., and Curtis, P.

Subjects
integumentary system, Life Sciences
Abstract

Identifying mammals by hair characteristics is valuable for wildlife management applications, law enforcement, and regulation of international treaties. Researchers use hair identification in scat-and gastrointestinal-based diet studies, genetic-based hair-snare collections, and monitoring trade of rare and protected species. No accessible mammalian hair identification key exists for New York or other northeastern states. Identification keys are beneficial for researchers, wildlife managers and interested members of the general public that attempt to identify specific taxa. We created a guard-hair identification key for common mammalian species in New York State. This key was needed to identify diet components during a suburban coyote study. We collected hair samples of common mammal species in New York from private fur collections, road-killed specimens, and museum archives. Hair samples were characterized using 10 categorical variables. We then used single-fusion, hierarchical cluster analysis (Program JMP 7.0) to rapidly facilitate the identification of unique patterns, similarities, and dissimilarities of the hair characteristics. This statistical-based analysis produced a dendrogram that was used as a road map for the structural organization of the hair key. JMP's dynamical interface allowed us to select specific branches of the dendrogram, thus highlighting the observations in the data table, and quickly identifying the important characteristics that differentiated mammal groupings and subsets. This is a new application of a multivariate technique, hierarchical cluster analysis, to rapidly develop a mammalian guard-hair identification key. This method could be used to develop locally-customized identification keys for wildlife damage research and management.

Published
2009

8. Behavioral Ecology and Management of Suburban Coyotes in Westchester County, New York

Author

Bogan, D., Curtis, P., and Batcheller, G.

Subjects
Life Sciences
Abstract

The coyote (Canis latrans) is now established as a relatively common inhabitant of nearly all landscapes in the northeastern United States. However, the ecology and management of this larger, mid-sized carnivore in urban areas is poorly understood, and creates much uncertainty for residents and wildlife managers alike. Detailed behavioral ecology studies are important to understand the role of the coyote in urbanized landscapes and their interactions with humans. We are studying the behavioral ecology of coyotes in Westchester County, N.Y., a predominantly urban county directly north of New York City. We investigated the diet of coyotes through trail-based fecal collections to identify potential anthropogenic food items that could lead to negative human-coyote interactions. Concurrently, we examined the spatial ecology of coyotes using both VHF-and GPS-based telemetry. Preliminary results from the diet analysis indicated that >50% of the scats collected contained white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) remains. Other natural food items accounted for most of the remaining food items. No domestic dog remains have been identified in scats and only 4 scats contained domestic cat remains-3 of which were collected during the same day along the same collection trail. Spatial ecology data indicated that coyote home ranges (n = 26) averaged 5.53 km2 ± 3.18 SD, and ranged from 1.16-12.02 km2. Habitat use revealed that 71% of coyote locations (n = 1,987) were in natural lands, and 28% were in residential, recreational and agricultural areas. While these findings indicated the risk for negative interactions was lower than for other areas of the U.S., potential does remain for conflicts to occur. Overall, resident coyotes appear to be living natural lives and remain embedded in natural processes, while avoiding human interactions in developed landscapes.

Published
2009

16. A Mechanism for Ignition of High-Temperature Gaseous Nitromethane - The Key Role of the Nitro Group in Chemical Explosives.

Author

NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC, Guirguis,R, Hsu,D, Bogan,D, Oran,E, NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC, Guirguis,R, Hsu,D, Bogan,D, and Oran,E

Abstract

A detailed chemical mechanism describing ignition of high-temperature pure gaseous nitromethane was compiled and tested using shock were n the tange 1000 to 1600 K and 1 to 10 atm. Measurements were made of the timew efolution of the pressure at the end wall, as well as of dte simultaneous pressure and NO avsorption a short, fixed distance from the end wall. Mass and infrared spectoscopy were used to identify the final products. In the reaction mechanism proposed, initiation starts with the C-N bond breaking which yields CH3 and NO2. Methoxy and CH2NO2 proposed, initiation starts with the C-N bond breaking which yields CH and NO2. Methoxy and CH2NO2 radicals then propagate the reaction through two major parallel pathways, both producilng CH2O. Formaldehyde is then reduced to HCO and carries the rraction towards completion. The radical reactions do not release enough energy to compensate for the energy consumed in breaking the C-N bond. Although most of the radicals reach their maximum concentration early lin the reaction process, ignition does not occur until virtually all f the nitromethane is consumed. THe calculations show thar the nitro group is the key to explosion: NO2 produces OH through its reacxtion wilth H radicals. Hydroxyl reactions, which are fast and exothermic, lead t an accelerated consumption to the explosive with heat release. Comparison with the experiments shows that the mechanism predicts correct induction times for the pressure and tempetature range of dthe experiments. Keywords: Chemical kinetics; Explosives.

Published
1985

17. Low-Level Self-Contained Light Sources.

Author

NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC, Bogan,D J, Carhart,H W, NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC, Bogan,D J, and Carhart,H W

Abstract

This report is a brief survey of the methods available for production of low-level continuous light by simple, trouble-free self-contained devices. Some order of magnitude calculations of efficiency are presented with a brief discussion of the practical advantages and disadvantages of several light generating schemes. The most promising of these schemes are solid-state devices. (Author)

Published
1982

18. January 6th and all that.

Author

BOGAN, D. CHARLES, ROWE JR., THOMAS D., MACKENZIE, M., and MCALLISTER, COLIN

Subjects
*UNITED States elections
Published
2021

31. SNAPSHOT USA 2019: a coordinated national camera trap survey of the United States

Author

Jerrold L. Belant, Seth C. Crockett, William J. McShea, Adam Zorn, Robert A. Long, Çağan H. Şekercioğlu, Kelly Anne MacCombie, Helen I. Rowe, Jaquelyn Tleimat, Adrienne Dykstra, Kelsey A. Barnick, Tiffany A. Sprague, Connor Cincotta, Andrew J. Edelman, Marcus A. Lashley, Anthony P. Crupi, Steven Hammerich, Jennifer Sevin, Carolina Baruzzi, Jesse M. Alston, Elizabeth A. Flaherty, Christopher P. Hansen, Damon B. Lesmeister, Sean T. Giery, Caroline N. Ellison, Andrea K. Darracq, George R. Hess, Brian J. O'Neill, Matthew E. Gompper, Christopher M. Schalk, Amelia M. Bergquist, Ronald S. Revord, Brian D. Gerber, Arielle W. Parsons, Chelsey Tellez, Travis W. Knowles, Daniel G. Scognamillo, Christopher Nagy, Jan Schipper, Morgan Gray, Maximilian L. Allen, Gary W. Roemer, Tavis Forrester, Aaron N. Facka, Miranda L. Davis, Alexej P. K. Sirén, Brett A. DeGregorio, Colin E. Studds, Monica Lasky, Melissa T. R. Hawkins, La Roy S.E. Brandt, Thomas E. Lee, Sean M. King, Mark A. Linnell, Jinelle H. Sperry, John F. Benson, Katherine C. B. Weiss, Joshua J. Millspaugh, Fabiola Iannarilli, Bryn Evans, Christopher A. Lepczyk, David Mason, Mark J. Jordan, Jarred M. Brooke, Cara L. Appel, Katherine E. Andy, Jennifer L. Stenglein, Dean E. Beyer, Tru Hubbard, Marketa Zimova, Alexandra J. Bebko, Daniel J. Herrera, Cristian J. Hernandez, Petros Chrysafis, Summer D. Higdon, Caleb Durbin, Sophie L. Nasrallah, Roland Kays, Scott D. LaPoint, Kathryn R. Remine, Brandon T. Barton, Chip Ruthven, Robert C. Lonsinger, Noel Schmitz, Jorie Favreau, Stephen L. Webb, Edward Trout, Mary E. Pendergast, Brenna Wells, Christine Anhalt-Depies, Robert Horan, Christopher A. Whittier, Todd K. Fuller, M. Teague O'Mara, Hila Shamon, Jean E. Fantle-Lepczyk, Rachel M. Cliché, Sean P. Maher, Stephanie S. Coster, Joshua Sands, Kellie M. Kuhn, Helen Bontrager, Christopher T. Rota, Jaylin N. Solberg, Sarah R. Fritts, John P. Vanek, Laura S. Whipple, Erika L. 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Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Cingulata, QH301 Biology, Carnivora, Population Dynamics, Biodiversity, mammal, Information repository, 01 natural sciences, QA, biodiversity, Mammals, education.field_of_study, camera trap, Ecology, Camera traps, Environmental resource management, Species distribution modeling, Geography, Biogeography, carnivora, Extinction debt, United State, Cetartiodactyla, Didelphimorphia, Lagomorpha, Rodentia, biogeography, camera traps, mammals, occupancy modeling, species distribution modeling, Animals, Birds, United States, Animals, Wild, Occupancy modeling, Population, Wildlife, Wild, 010603 evolutionary biology, Snapshot (photography), QH301, Bird, QA Mathematics, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Population Dynamic, Animal, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, DAS, Camera trap, Survey data collection, business
Abstract

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. With the accelerating pace of global change, it is imperative that we obtain rapid inventories of the status and distribution of wildlife for ecological inferences and conservation planning. To address this challenge, we launched the SNAPSHOT USA project, a collaborative survey of terrestrial wildlife populations using camera traps across the United States. For our first annual survey, we compiled data across all 50 states during a 14-week period (17 August - 24 November of 2019). We sampled wildlife at 1509 camera trap sites from 110 camera trap arrays covering 12 different ecoregions across four development zones. This effort resulted in 166,036 unique detections of 83 species of mammals and 17 species of birds. All images were processed through the Smithsonian's eMammal camera trap data repository and included an expert review phase to ensure taxonomic accuracy of data, resulting in each picture being reviewed at least twice. The results represent a timely and standardized camera trap survey of the USA. All of the 2019 survey data are made available herein. We are currently repeating surveys in fall 2020, opening up the opportunity to other institutions and cooperators to expand coverage of all the urban-wild gradients and ecophysiographic regions of the country. Future data will be available as the database is updated at eMammal.si.edu/snapshot-usa, as well as future data paper submissions. These data will be useful for local and macroecological research including the examination of community assembly, effects of environmental and anthropogenic landscape variables, effects of fragmentation and extinction debt dynamics, as well as species-specific population dynamics and conservation action plans. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this paper when using the data for publication. Publisher PDF

Published
2021

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