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Nederland wil in 2050 een circulaire economie hebben en slim met grondstoffen omgaan. Grondstoffen die nu als afval worden gezien, willen we zo veel mogelijk opnieuw gebruiken. Een van de mogelijkheden is om cellulose uit wc-papier uit rioolwater te halen. Dit kan bijvoorbeeld opnieuw worden gebruikt in verpakkingsmateriaal, als bodemverbeteraar en in asfalt. Dit onderzoek is een eerste aanzet om algemene triggerwaarden te bepalen voor teruggewonnen cellulose. Er zijn nog veel onzekerheden. Zo is niet bekend hoe snel chemische stoffen vanuit de cellulose in het milieu en de mens komen als het in nieuwe producten wordt gebruikt. Het RIVM beveelt aan de triggerwaarden te evalueren en te verfijnen wanneer er meer kennis is over stoffen die in teruggewonnen cellulose zitten. Dit onderzoek kan ook helpen om triggerwaarden te ontwikkelen voor de beoordeling van de veiligheid van andere materialen.

Radboud University, 12 januari 2021, Promotor : Assendelft, W.J.J. Co-promotores : Bischoff, E.W.M.A., Schermer, T.R.J., Vercoulen, J.H.M.M., Contains fulltext : 228315.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)

In dit bachelor-eindwerkstuk wordt onderzocht hoe het realityprogramma LOVE ISLAND en diens transmediale extensies uitnodigen tot participatie en interactie met het narratief van het programma. Hierbij zijn het programma, de LOVE ISLAND app en de Instagrampagina van LOVE ISLAND geanalyseerd aan de hand van een platformanalyse. De interactietheorie van Ivan Askwith biedt aanknopingspunten om andere mediateksten dan televisie te analyseren. Er is gekeken hoe er bij de verschillende mediateksten sprake is van mechanical interaction, content activation, content interaction en social interaction. Volgens Matthew Freeman vormen character building, world-building en authorship een vast onderdeel van een verhaal en zijn ze van belang om transmediale verhaalwerelden bij elkaar te houden. Waar transmedia storytelling zich voornamelijk richt op fictieve verhaalwerelden, laat dit onderzoek zien hoe ook het realityprogramma LOVE ISLAND als narratief beschouwd kan worden, waarbij alle mediateksten dienen ter ondersteuning van en bijdragen aan de verhaalwereld. Dit is in contrast met de algemene opvatting van Henry Jenkins, die stelt dat transmediale extensies los van elkaar gevolgd kunnen worden. In de analyse is te zien hoe de app uitnodigt tot publieksparticipatie, waarbij kijkers kunnen stemmen op verschillende kwesties. Vervolgens is in het programma terug te zien hoe de interactie die voorafgaand aan de uitzending heeft plaatsgevonden, invloed uitoefent op de narratieve wending van het programma. De Instagrampagina bevordert de betrokkenheid van kijkers met het programma, doordat het op verschillende manieren uitlokt tot interactie. Zo plaatst het account onder andere exclusieve beelden van achter de schermen, lokt het reacties uit en geeft het de mogelijkheid om vragen in te sturen die beantwoord worden door de deelnemers of de productie. Transmediale extensies vergroten de betrokkenheid van de kijker met de verhaalwereld, waarbij ze daadwerkelijk met het narratief kunnen i

This study examined a paradox in the discourse of recent European radical right parties: while traditionally being strongly nationalist and rejecting of the EU, an appeal to a European ‘civilization’, including European values and heritage, seemed to be central in their discourse. Studies on radical right parties generally emphasized their nationalism and Eurosceptic viewpoints, while only a few recent studies pointed towards the appeal to a European identity by these parties, called ‘civilizationism’. This study aimed to fill this gap in the academic debate and investigated whether the social identity that the Dutch Party for Freedom (PVV) politicized during the European debt crisis (2009-2014) Europeanized, by investigating their discourse towards the mass public during this period as a case study. The theoretical framework of the thesis was based upon the theory of postfunctionalism, developed by Liesbet Hooghe and Gary Marks, as well as the theory of Europeanization of identities and public spheres of Thomas Risse. The analysis showed that while there was no clear gradual trend towards the Europeanization of the social identity that the PVV politicized during this period, the PVV did alternate between a more nationalized and Europeanized identity in their discourse, adjusted to the situation and audience. Therefore, this study concludes that the Europeanization of social identity was used as a deliberate strategy by the PVV when this was beneficial, perhaps with the intention to build towards a European public sphere between radical right parties. This insight is a fruitful first step in understanding the stance of European radical right parties in our world today.

Recente politieke en maatschappelijke zorgen rond PFAS vragen om extra aandacht voor chemische stoffen die Nederlandse bedrijven uitstoten. Het ZZS-beleid geeft handen en voeten aan het terugdringen van de emissies van zorgstoffen. Overheden en bedrijven werken hierin samen aan een gezondere en veiligere leefomgeving.

Contains fulltext : 208886.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), Background: Many patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) suffer from exacerbations, a worsening of their respiratory symptoms that warrants medical treatment. Exacerbations are often poorly recognized or managed by patients, leading to increased disease burden and health care costs. Objective: This study aimed to examine the effects of a smart mobile health (mHealth) tool that supports COPD patients in the self-management of exacerbations by providing predictions of early exacerbation onset and timely treatment advice without the interference of health care professionals. Methods: In a multicenter, 2-arm randomized controlled trial with 12-months follow-up, patients with COPD used the smart mHealth tool (intervention group) or a paper action plan (control group) when they experienced worsening of respiratory symptoms. For our primary outcome exacerbation-free time, expressed as weeks without exacerbation, we used an automated telephone questionnaire system to measure weekly respiratory symptoms and treatment actions. Secondary outcomes were health status, self-efficacy, self-management behavior, health care utilization, and usability. For our analyses, we used negative binomial regression, multilevel logistic regression, and generalized estimating equation regression models. Results: Of the 87 patients with COPD recruited from primary and secondary care centers, 43 were randomized to the intervention group. We found no statistically significant differences between the intervention group and the control group in exacerbation-free weeks (mean 30.6, SD 13.3 vs mean 28.0, SD 14.8 weeks, respectively; rate ratio 1.21; 95% CI 0.77-1.91) or in health status, self-efficacy, self-management behavior, and health care utilization. Patients using the mHealth tool valued it as a more supportive tool than patients using the paper action plan. Patients considered the usability of the mHealth tool as good. Conclusions: This study did not show beneficial effects o

Contains fulltext : 202986.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)

The aim of this paper was to investigate the question what role a seller’s reputation plays in the decision of buyers to trust this seller and therefore in facilitating cooperation on online drug cryptomarkets, while controlling for buyer loyalty. Earlier research found that having a high reputation as a seller increased the number of sales (Hardy & Norgaard, 2016; Przepiorka, Norbutas, & Corten, 2017), but also that buyers often buy from the same seller multiple times (Décary-Hétu & Quessy-Doré, 2017; Norbutas, 2018), which could have led to an overestimation of the positive effects of reputation in these studies. This paper therefore re-examined the effect of reputation on the number of sales of a seller, while also looking at the number of unique buyers, to control for buyer loyalty, by conducting linear mixed model regressions on data from a cryptomarket named Abraxas. The results show that a higher weekly average rating of a seller significantly increased the number of sales of a seller and his number of unique buyers. The conclusion of this paper is therefore that reputation plays an important role in the decision of buyers to trust a seller, but that buyer behaviour is a relevant, non-negligible factor in this mechanism, which should be looked into in future studies.

Contains fulltext : 191280.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), COPD exacerbations are commonly quantified as rate per year. However, the total amount of time a patient suffers from exacerbations may be stronger related to his or her disease burden than just counting exacerbation episodes. In this study, we examined the relationship between exacerbation frequency and exacerbation-free time, and their associations with baseline characteristics and health-related quality of life. A total of 166 COPD patients reported symptom changes during 12 months. Symptom-defined exacerbation episodes were correlated to the number of exacerbation-free weeks per year. Analysis of covariance was used to examine the effects of baseline characteristics on annual exacerbation frequency and exacerbation-free weeks, Spearman's rank correlations to examine associations between the two methods to express exacerbations and the Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ). The correlation between exacerbation frequency and exacerbation-free weeks was -0.71 (p < 0.001). However, among frequent exacerbators (i.e., >/=3 exacerbations/year, n = 113) the correlation was weak (r = -0.25; p < 0.01). Smokers had less exacerbation-free weeks than non-smokers (beta = -5.709, p < 0.05). More exacerbation-free weeks were related to better CRQ Total (r = 0.22, p < 0.05), Mastery (r = 0.22, p < 0.05), and Fatigue (r = 0.23, p < 0.05) scores, whereas no significant associations were found between exacerbation frequency and CRQ scores. In COPD patients with frequent exacerbations, there is substantial variation in exacerbation-free time. Exacerbation-free time may better reflect the burden of exacerbations in patients with COPD than exacerbation frequency does.

Contains fulltext : 197198.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)

The aim of this study is to investigate whether there is a relationship between psychopathy and juvenile delinquency. Previous research has shown that there is a relationship between psychopathy and delinquency among adults, but little is known about this relationship among youth. A Pearson correlation analysis was conducted in order to investigate whether psychopathy was associated with juvenile delinquency. Furthermore, this study focuses on the influence of ethnicity and gender on the relationship between psychopathy and juvenile delinquency for which two ANOVAs were conducted. The sample contained N = 227 participants living in the Netherlands between 12 and 18 years old who qualified for Multi System Therapy. The results showed that a higher level of psychopathy was associated with a higher level of juvenile delinquency. However, there appeared to be no moderation effects of ethnicity and gender on this relationship. It was concluded that psychopathy is an important risk factor in predicting juvenile delinquency. It remains unclear which moderators lead to a different relationship between psychopathy and juvenile delinquency. Future research is recommended in order to create a better understanding of psychopathy as a predictor of juvenile delinquency.

Contains fulltext : 170581.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access), We developed the first user-friendly, semi-quantitative, and quick-to-perform Radboud Centre for Mitochondrial Medicine Pediatric MRI score (RCMM-PMRIS), focusing on the six most commonly described neuroimaging abnormalities in the literature. The RCMM-PMRIS was validated through individual review of 30 sets of brain MRI studies in 24 patients with genetically confirmed mitochondrial disorders by six raters. The application of RCMM-PMRIS can help to define the extent of the brain involvement and therefore to assess the radiological mitochondrial disease severity, to monitor disease progression and consequently to act as an outcome measure for treatment effects in patients with mitochondrial disease.

Contains fulltext : 175761.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), PURPOSE: The purposes of the study are to identify clinical phenotypes that reflect the level of adaptation to the disease and to examine whether these clinical phenotypes respond differently to treatment as usual (TAU) and pulmonary rehabilitation (PR), the latter with its strong emphasis on improving adaptation. METHODS: Clusters were identified by a cluster analysis using data on many subdomains of the four domains of health status (HS) (physiological functioning, functional impairment, symptoms and quality of life) in 160 outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) receiving TAU. By discriminant analysis in the TAU sample, all 459 PR patients could be assigned to one of the identified clusters. The effect of TAU and PR on HS was examined with paired t tests. RESULTS: Three distinct phenotypes were identified in the TAU sample. Two types were labelled adapted: phenotype 1 (moderate COPD-low impact on HS, n = 53) and phenotype 3 (severe COPD-moderate impact on HS, n = 73). One type was labelled non-adapted: phenotype 2 (moderate COPD-high impact on HS, n = 34). After 1-year TAU, the integral health status of all patients did not improve in any subdomain. In contrast, at the end of PR, significant improvements in HS were found in all three phenotypes especially the non-adapted. CONCLUSIONS: Different phenotypes exist in COPD that are based on behavioural aspects (i.e. the level of adaptation to the disease). Non-adapted patient responds better to treatments with a strong emphasis on improving adaptation by learning the patient better self-management skills. Knowing to which clinical phenotype a patient belongs helps to optimize patient-tailored treatment.

Risks from emerging contaminants from a closed municipal and industrial landfill in the municipality of Oss, the Netherlands, were studied. The landfill is located in a polder area close to the Meuse River. Both Meuse and polder water levels are managed. Previous studies at the Oijense Bovendijk landfill excluded emerging substances, possibly underestimating the risks of the present contamination. Using historical data about the local industries, the potentially present emerging substances were identified. The fate, behaviour and effects of these substance groups were used to determine the risk potential. The groups with the highest risk potential were identified to be antibiotics, hormones, NSAIDs, PFCs and PBDEs. The spreading of the contaminants was calculated and the groundwater is expected to exfiltrate to ditches. Temporal variation in water levels, due to extreme water events has little influence, but might cause an overestimation of the flow velocity. The contamination could result in a risk for the users of the landfill terrain, groundwater or surrounding surface waters. However, due to adsorption and biodegradation most contaminants will not have reached the surface waters. Exact information about the dispersal and risks of the contamination is currently unavailable as the fate and behaviour of emerging substances are not fully understood. Field sampling and further research is necessary to evaluate the risks at the Oijense Bovendijk landfill. This research shows that depending on the history of a landfill there might be emerging substances present, which are not considered in the standard risk analysis of landfills in Dutch policies. These new risks should be taken into account while considering the public and environmental health of the surroundings of old landfills.

Item does not contain fulltext, BACKGROUND: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) encounter many (gradual) losses due to their disease, which trigger a grieving process. This process is characterized by stages of denial, resistance, sorrow, and acceptance. PURPOSE: This study examined whether these stages are conceptually distinct and whether the Acceptance of Disease and Impairments Questionnaire (ADIQ) can validly and reliably measure these stages in three samples of patients with COPD in the Netherlands. METHODS: Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed on 145 outpatients with moderate to severe COPD. Confirmatory factor analyses were performed on 303 outpatients with mild to very severe COPD and 127 patients entering an inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation program. Furthermore, internal reliability, construct validity, sensitivity to change, and floor and ceiling effects were examined. RESULTS: EFA yielded a four-factor solution that explained 73.2 % of variance. Confirmatory factor analyses showed a good fit of the four-factor structure in all study samples. Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficients were .79 or higher. Subscales showed to be sensitive to change. CONCLUSIONS: Four distinct stages of grief are recognized in COPD. The ADIQ is a valid and reliable instrument to measure these stages: denial, resistance, sorrow, and acceptance. Measuring the stages of grieving is important for disease management: addressing patients with a specific therapeutic approach for the stage they are in could help to motivate patients to engage in self-management and change their lifestyle.