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Objectives: Body image disturbance is prevalent in people with endometriosis. This study aimed to explore the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary efficacy of the My Changed Body (MyCB) writing activity for body image in people with endometriosis. Design: Two‐arm randomized controlled pilot and feasibility study. Methods: Australian adults living with endometriosis who identified as having had a negative endometriosis‐related body image experience were recruited online through Endometriosis Australia. Participants completed a baseline survey capturing demographic and health data before being randomized into the MyCB or control writing conditions. Additional assessment was administered post‐activity and at 1‐week follow‐up. Results: A total of 82 participants were recruited and randomized (Mage = 32 years, SD = 7.8). MyCB participants were less likely to complete the writing tasks compared to the control group (51% vs. 83%); MyCB completers had lower self‐compassion and quality of life, and higher psychological distress, compared to those who dropped out. The MyCB activity received good satisfaction rates (47%–87%). However, there was significant drop‐out in the MyCB group (n = 4 vs. 13 at 1‐week follow‐up). Limited‐efficacy testing showed an increase in the self‐compassion self‐identification for the MyCB group. Conclusions: The MyCB writing activity may be feasible for people with endometriosis. A future larger trial will benefit from several methodology changes to enhance recruitment and retention. Trial Registration: Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry ACTRN12622000496718; Date: 29/3/2022; retrospectively registered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Body uneasiness is a central facet of body image disturbances observed in individuals with eating disorders (EDs). This study aimed to address gaps in understanding body uneasiness in severe and enduring eating disorders (SE-EDs) and explore variations in psychopathology between individuals with different durations of the disorder. We hypothesized that patients with SE-ED might develop habitual behaviors that contribute to ambivalence toward treatment and the persistence of symptoms. Methods: A sample of 360 ED patients was evaluated at the beginning and end of a specialized intensive rehabilitation program. All patients completed the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) and the Body Uneasiness Test (BUT). They were divided into two groups: SE-ED (> 7 years) and acute (aED, < 3 years) duration. Results: Compulsive self-monitoring showed a significant change between the start and end of treatment, differing between groups, with a larger change observed in SE-ED (p < 0.048). In SE-ED, it was associated with lower chances of dropout (p = 0.044), opposite to aED (p = 0.009). Treatment responses were primarily related to eating psychopathology, further highlighting differences between the two groups. Conclusions: This study underscores the possible presence of a habit in SE-ED and the importance of tailoring interventions to address unique needs based on the duration of the disorder. Furthermore, it highlights the need for further research to improve treatment outcomes in SE-EDs. Plain English Summary: This study looked at how people with severe and enduring eating disorders (SE-EDs) feel about their bodies and how it affects their treatment. We studied 360 people in a special treatment program. We found that people with SE-EDs were more likely to monitor their bodies a lot, and this made them less likely to stop treatment. This was different for people with short-term disorders. The way people felt about eating also affected how well they responded to treatment. This study shows that people with long-lasting eating disorders might have habits that affect their treatment, and we need to think about this when helping them. There is still a lot to learn about how to treat SE-EDs better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is characterized by a distortion of body image, very low body weight, malnutrition and hormonal dysregulations, resulting in reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and impaired bone microarchitecture. The updated Trabecular Bone Score (TBS) algorithm accounts for soft tissue thickness (TBSTT) instead of BMI (TBSBMI). The aim of the study was to assess both TBS algorithms in adult AN patients compared to normal-weight controls(CTRL). Method: This retrospective cross-sectional study investigated 34 adult female anorexia nervosa (AN) patients and 26 healthy normal-weighted age- and sex-matched controls (CTRL). Bone texture analysis was assessed by TBSTT and TBSBMI (TBS iNsight® V4.0 and V3.1), bone mineral density (BMD; lumbar spine LS, femoral neck, total hip) and body composition by DXA (GE Lunar iDXATM). Laboratory analyses included bone turnover markers (CTX; P1NP; sclerostin). Data analysis was performed using parametric (t-test) or non-parametric test (Mann-Whitney-U-Test) depending on normality, one-way ANCOVA and correlation analysis (Perason's or Spearman's). Results: AN patients (BMI 14.7(1.6)) and CTRL (BMI 22.4(4.0)) were of comparable age (22.8(7.1) vs.25.0(4.0)years, p = 0.145). TBSTT(1.319±0.09 vs.1.502±0.07, p<0.001) and TBSBMI(1.317±0.10 vs.1.548±0.09, p<0.001) were significantly lower in AN patients compared to CTRL. Soft tissue thickness was lower in AN (p<0.001). Within the CTRL group, but not in AN, TBSTT and TBSBMI were significantly different (p<0.001). BMD was lower at all sites in AN patients (p<0.001 for all), being lowest at LS. Bone Mineral Content, Lean Body mass and Fat Mass were lower in AN (p<0.001). AN patients had lower P1NP (p = 0.05), but higher CTX (p = 0.001) and sclerostin (p = 0.003) levels. Conclusion: Adult AN patients have lower TBSTT and TBSBMI, reduced BMD and an uncoupling of bone turnover. In AN both TBS algorithms show similar reduced trabecular bone microarchitecture. The observed difference of TBSTT and TBSBMI in CTRL with normal body composition highlight the importance of the new algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Method Results Conclusions To analyse and compare the original four published anorexia nervosa (AN) case histories of William Gull with modern‐day approaches.Case histories of the patients described by Gull were reviewed and placed in a tabulated format (which included demographics, clinical presentation, treatment, and prognosis) along with his general comments on AN, for easier comparison.Many of the presenting features of AN are similar to cases seen in more modern times but lack weight or body image disturbances. The cases described by Gull can be categorised as AN under the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual‐Fifth Edition (DSM‐5) and the Text Revision (DSM‐5‐TR) however, they were excluded by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual‐Fourth Edition (DSM‐IV) and the International Classification of Diseases‐10th Revision (ICD‐10) criteria. Reference to Gull's work might have avoided the necessary change in diagnostic criteria.150 years on, Gull's cases resemble presentations of AN without weight or body image issues and emphasise the heterogeneity of the diagnostic conceptualisation of AN in the modern era. Nutritional rehabilitation remains core to the treatment with other interventions supporting this goal while aetiology remains elusive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although many people have concerns about their body image, weight, and eating behaviors these issues are not usually discussed in a productive manner with medical providers. Thus, we examined nursing and medical students' willingness to discuss patients' weight, body image, and eating disorders and reasons why they may do so. Method: One hundred and eighty-three nursing and medical students (Mage = 25.06, SD = 5.43) participated in this study. Participants completed open-ended questions pertaining to their willingness to discuss body image, eating, and weight-related issues with future patients. We further queried students' perspective on body mass index (BMI) as a measure of weight status and sought to determine if participants' own weight, weight concerns, appearance evaluation, body appreciation, and experiences of stigma were associated with their willingness to discuss weight-related issues with prospective patients. Results: Coding of qualitative data indicated that nursing and medical students were "sometimes" willing to discuss prospective patients' weight, body image, and eating disorders, especially if a health concern was evident. Nursing students seemed somewhat more willing to discuss weight issues than medical students and willingness to discuss one of these issues (e.g., body image) was positively associated with willingness discuss the others. Plans for future discussions of body image and weight were marginally associated with personal experiences of weight stigma. The majority of participants indicated that BMI was not a valid measure of health. Conclusions: Taken together, findings suggest that future providers' conversations with patients about these sensitive topics are less likely to be associated with their own experiences and more with the relevance of these topics to specific patients. Plain English Summary: The aim of this study was to better understand nursing and medical students' interest and willingness to discuss body image, eating behaviors, and weight with their patients. Although medical organizations and training suggest the importance of talking with patients about these issues, providers often do not feel comfortable doing so or do not know how to best broach these sensitive topics. Our results revealed that nursing students seemed somewhat more comfortable discussing these issues with patients than medical students. Nursing and medical students were more apt to feel they would discuss these issues if a patient had an obvious health concern that was relevant (e.g., sudden weight loss). Medical and nursing students who had experiences with weight stigma were more apt to try to discuss these issues with patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pregnancy is a time of great change for women, both mentally and physically. For any pregnant woman, this time of change can be difficult as the woman needs to constantly adapt to the rapidly changing body. This change could be especially challenging for a woman who has previously struggled with symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), which cause individuals to perceive part(s) of their body as particularly ugly or deformed, creating distress that affects several areas of functioning. These distorted perceptions have been associated with low self-reported functioning in physical and psychological areas. The present study assessed the effects of BDD symptoms on the physical and psychological functioning of pregnant women at different points throughout their pregnancy. Methods: During July 2021 through April 2022, one hundred and fifty-eight women were recruited from various mothers' Facebook groups, women's centers across a city in Southern Texas, and through Prolific. The sample consisted of women in their first, second and third trimesters, as well as women three months postpartum. Information about the presence of BDD symptoms, quality of life, and body image was collected. Results: We found that women in their second trimester possess the highest quality of life compared to women in their first trimester, third trimester or postpartum. Women with high BDD symptoms have lower quality of life and lower body image compared to women with low BDD, especially for those in their first or third trimesters. Conclusions: These findings illustrate the necessity of targeted interventions and support for pregnant women, especially those with BDD symptoms, in order to promote their well-being throughout pregnancy and postpartum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Men represent a proportion of those with eating disorders yet are neglected in the existing literature. One area with limited research is how men with eating disorders experience body image. This study investigated how men with eating disorders make sense of their experience of body image. Ten male participants with diagnosed eating disorders were recruited from four National Health Service specialist adult eating disorder services. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and data analysed with Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Analysis identified three themes: 'Focus on Self', 'Focus on Others' and 'Systemic Influences and Pressures'. Findings indicated that body image was experienced intrapersonally, interpersonally, and systemically. This study adds to the limited accounts of body image among men with eating disorders. It is recommended that future research explore body image in underrepresented gender and sexuality groups and that clinicians incorporate the nuances of men's experiences of body image into clinical assessment and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is an obsessive–compulsive disorder concerning body image which negatively distorts the patient's perception of their appearance. In rhinoplasty, surgery on patients with severe BDD is considered contraindicated as patients are often dissatisfied and their BDD symptoms rarely improve. For patients with borderline to mild BDD, however, there has been some preliminary evidence to show that they can benefit from surgical rhinoplasty. In our first article on this series of BDD in rhinoplasty, we presented our two-specialist protocol using mandatory psychiatric evaluation (MPE) to assess patient's suitability. In this present article, we used this protocol to identify a group of borderline to mild BDD patients, performed surgical rhinoplasty on this group, and evaluated the outcome using a visual analog scale (VAS) and a five-point Likert scale. From 2010 to 2023, 1,602 patients attended our practice seeking cosmetic rhinoplasty, out of which, 892 were sent for MPE to the same psychiatrist. The MPE identified 2.5% (22/892) patients as having mild BDD, out of which, 15 were considered suitable for surgical intervention and underwent successful rhinoplasty (follow-up 6–95 months, M = 54.13 months). Five of 15 patients scored 10/10 on the VAS and were very happy, 8 of 15 patients scored 7 to 9/10 on the VAS and were happy, and 2 of 15 patients scored 6/10 on the VAS but were still happy. Although all patients were happier, 3 of 15 patients requested revision rhinoplasty which was not offered as was planned and discussed before the initial intervention. This study shows that in the presence of safe protocols, including a two-specialist model, safe outcomes can be expected even in the long term. Further, the request for revision surgery appears to be common in borderline to mild BDD cases, and we like to warn the patients against it before surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of rhinoplasty is to make the patient happier with their nose. The patient's perception plays a substantial role in their outcome satisfaction. Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is an obsessive-compulsive disorder concerning body image, which negatively distorts the patient's perception, rendering them dissatisfied with the outcome even if the results are close to the defined objectives. In this paper, we present a protocol with a two-specialist approach (rhinoplasty surgeon and a psychiatrist) to standardize BDD diagnosis using the DSM-5 criteria. The patients deemed suitable for cosmetic rhinoplasty by the rhinoplasty surgeon's first consultation were sent for Mandatory Psychiatric Evaluation (MPE) for further consultation and second opinion. MPE was employed with a semi-structured clinical interview by a psychiatrist incorporating the Cosmetic Procedure Screening Questionnaire and Appearance Anxiety Inventory. From 2010 to 2023, 1,602 patients attended our practice seeking cosmetic rhinoplasty, out of which, 892 were sent for MPE to the same psychiatrist. The MPE identified 2.5% (22/892) patients as having mild BDD; out of which, 15 were considered suitable for surgical intervention and underwent successful rhinoplasty (follow up: 1–10 years, M = 4.33 years). Although BDD is considered a contraindication in rhinoplasty, our experience shows that borderline and mild BDD can be offered surgery with good insight and support system. Moderate to severe BDD in our practice was filtered out at the first stage and was not offered surgical intervention. BDD among rhinoplasty aspirants is not as prevalent as previously reported. Standardized diagnostic protocols and studying the severity of BDD when present has clarified management of BDD in rhinoplasty aspirants in our practice. MPE is not easy to incorporate in every rhinoplasty practice, but we aim to present guidelines arising from our ongoing experience to help management of BDD in rhinoplasty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Eating disorders are associated with substantial burden for the affected individuals including negative health outcomes and increased mortality. So far, prevention programs for eating disorders have yielded mixed results concerning their efficacy. Therefore, more targeted prevention programs need to be developed. Health literacy has been identified as a potential influencing factor of eating disorders. This study aimed at exploring the relationship between likely cases of eating disorders and health literacy, alongside additional sociodemographic factors. Materials and methods: Two large samples of adults (N = 3,011) and adolescents (N = 1,021) representative of the German-speaking population in Germany were recruited. Likely cases of eating disorders were identified using the SCOFF questionnaire. Health literacy was assessed with the HLS-EU-Q16 questionnaire. Sociodemographic information, including age, gender, social status and level of education, and subjective body image were obtained. χ²-tests of independence were calculated to determine the association between the investigated constructs. Results: Suspected eating disorders were more likely in female than male adolescents but were not related to gender in adults. Rates of suspected eating disorders increased with increasing age in adolescents and decreased with increasing age in adults. While levels of education were unrelated to suspected eating disorders, low social status was associated with higher rates of suspected eating disorders in adults but not adolescents. Inadequate or problematic health literacy and negative body image were associated with higher rates of suspected eating disorders compared to adequate health literacy and more positive body image. Discussion: Likely cases of eating disorders are related to health literacy and body image as well as sociodemographic factors. These constructs should therefore be addressed in future research to improve prevention programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is distinct from other restrictive eating disorders in that body image disturbance or fear of weight gain do not drive restrictive eating. ARFID occurs across the full weight spectrum and youth with ARFID may still experience body weight/shape concerns, not necessarily pathological like body image disturbance is, but research is currently very limited. The current study examined how body weight/shape concerns vary across the full weight spectrum in youth with ARFID. As an exploratory aim, this study also assessed whether body weight/shape concerns differ by ARFID subtypes, age, and gender. Participants included 272 youth between the ages of 8 and 19 presenting for ARFID care at an urban pediatric hospital. Non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to examine relations between weight/shape concerns and weight status (i.e. underweight, normal weight, overweight/obesity), ARFID subtypes, age, and gender. Results showed that youth with ARFID and overweight/obesity weight status endorsed greater weight/shape concerns than those with ARFID and normal and underweight statuses (p = .009). Youth who identified as gender identity other than male or female endorsed greater weight/shape concerns than those identifying as cis-male or cis-female (p = .01). However, there were no differences in weight/shape concerns by age or ARFID subtype. These findings demonstrate body weight/shape concerns among youth with ARFID, especially those with overweight/obesity weight status and who are gender diverse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document introduces a special issue of the journal Eating Disorders that focuses on body image and disordered eating among LGBTQ+ populations. It highlights the increased risk of these concerns among LGBTQ+ individuals compared to their cisgender, heterosexual peers, attributing it to stigma and discrimination rather than being LGBTQ+ itself. The special issue covers various themes, including sociocultural and developmental frameworks, factors contributing to increased risk, protective factors, and issues impacting healthcare access and treatment protocols. The document suggests future research directions, such as addressing structural stigma, identifying protective factors, considering intersectionality, and focusing on developmental approaches and research with youth. It emphasizes the importance of a developmental perspective, community engagement, and additional research in understanding and addressing body image and eating disorders in LGBTQ+ youth. The Pride Framework is highlighted as a valuable tool, and the document calls for the use of community-engaged research methods, mixed methods approaches, and longitudinal research. It also emphasizes the need for interventions and treatments specifically adapted to LGBTQ+ populations, taking into account socioeconomic barriers and trans-affirming healthcare practices. [Extracted from the article]

Young adult women in China are at high risk of body image disturbances and are among the most frequent users of social networking sites (SNS). We investigated the association between SNS use and body image disturbances in this group, as well as the mediating effect of upward social comparison. We recruited 511 women to complete questionnaires on SNS use, upward social comparison, and body dissatisfaction. Results indicated that SNS use was significantly and positively associated with upward social comparison and body dissatisfaction among young women in China, and upward social comparison mediated this association. Findings from the current study provide new evidence for the tripartite influence model of body image and indicate that SNS use is a risk factor for body image disturbances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the prevalence of pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) among pregnant women, their clustering and their association with body image disturbance (BID) up to 1 year postpartum. Design: Monocentric prospective cohort study. Setting: University Hospitals Leuven. Population: Pregnant women attending for pregnancy care, first assessed prior to 14 weeks of gestation and agreeing to follow‐up until 1 year postpartum. Methods: Standardised questionnaires reporting on PFD and BID at 12–14 and 28–32 weeks of gestation, and again at 6–8 weeks and 1 year postpartum. We calculated the prevalence of PFD, how the cases clustered and how the cases correlated with BID using a linear mixed‐model analysis. A minimum of 174 women with complete follow‐up were required. Main Outcome Measures: The questionnaires used were the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire – Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ‐UI SF), St. Mark's Incontinence Score (SMIS), Patient Assessment of Constipation Symptoms (PAC‐SYM), Pelvic Organ Prolapse Distress Inventory (POPDI), Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire IUGA Revised (PISQ‐IR) and the Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire (BIDQ). Results: Out of 208 women, 92.8% reported one or multiple symptoms of PFD at 28–32 weeks of gestation, dropping to 73.6% by 1 year postpartum. The most common symptoms were constipation (65.3% at 28–32 weeks of gestation and 42.8% at 1 year postpartum) and urinary incontinence (56.8% at 28–32 weeks of gestation and 35.1% at 1 year postpartum). After correcting for body mass index, parity and mode of delivery, the severity of BID was associated with the ICIQ‐UI SF score (β = 0.016, range 0.007–0.024), the PAC‐SYM score (β = 0.006, range 0.002–0.011) and the POPDI score (β = 0.009, range 0.005–0.012), but not with the SMIS score (β = 0.015, range −0.001 to 0.031) or the PISQ‐IR score, in sexually active women. Conclusions: Urinary incontinence, constipation and symptoms of prolapse have a measurable impact on BID. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Previous research suggests potential moderating roles of dispositional mindfulness and body image flexibility in the association between body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. However, relevant research is mainly conducted on adult women from Western countries, and limited evidence exists for adolescent samples, especially from non‐Western contexts (e.g., China). Thus, this study aimed to examine the moderating roles of dispositional mindfulness and body image flexibility in the relationship between body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in Chinese adolescents. Method: We recruited 545 Chinese adolescents (53.9% boys, aged 12–16 years) who completed measures of body dissatisfaction, dispositional mindfulness, body image flexibility, and disordered eating. Moderation analyses were examined with PROCESS macro on SPSS. Results: In separate models, both higher dispositional mindfulness and body image flexibility weakened relationships between body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. However, when both dispositional mindfulness and body image flexibility were entered into the same moderation model, only body image flexibility showed a significant moderating effect. Discussion: Both dispositional mindfulness and body image flexibility may weaken the association between body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in adolescents. However, body image flexibility might have a stronger effect than dispositional mindfulness. These findings suggest that interventions aimed at reducing body dissatisfaction to prevent disordered eating in adolescents may pay more attention to adolescents' body image flexibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Cyberbullying is associated with various mental health concerns in adolescents, including body dissatisfaction and disordered eating behaviours. However, there is a significant research gap concerning the unique effects of appearance-related cyberbullying (ARC) on adolescent mental health. This study examined the prevalence and psychological consequences of ARC among middle to late adolescent females (aged 14–19 years, Mage = 15.98, N = 336). Participants completed an online survey regarding their experiences of ARC, body image variables, and eating disorder symptomology. Findings indicate the widespread occurrence of ARC among adolescent females, with body shape and size emerging as predominant targets. Experiences of ARC-victimisation positively correlated with increased concerns about body shape, body shame, and eating disorder symptomology. Conversely, experiences of ARC-victimisation were negatively correlated with body esteem and body appreciation. Finally, appearance-related cybervictimisation was significantly associated with adolescent females' desire to pursue appearance alterations through methods such as dieting and exercising, altering self-presentation, and undergoing cosmetic procedures due to perceived experiences of ARC. These findings highlight the urgent need for preventative measures, such as age-appropriate social media policies and health promotion programs that encourage positive online behaviour, and strategies to address the impacts of ARC to protect the mental well-being of adolescent females. Plain English Summary: Cyberbullying directed towards appearance is a serious problem for many adolescent females. Our study examined how often this type of cyberbullying happens online and its impact on females aged 14–19. We found that many adolescent females experience appearance-related cyberbullying, where they are teased or insulted about their body shape, weight, or physical features. These experiences make them more likely to feel bad about their bodies, leading to harmful behaviours like extreme dieting or considering cosmetic surgery. These findings highlight the urgent need for action from schools, parents, and social media platforms to prevent this form of cyberbullying and support those affected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Objective Method Results Discussion Weight bias internalization (WBI) is a robust, positive correlate of negative health outcomes; however, this evidence base primarily reflects cisgender individuals from Western cultural contexts. Gender‐diverse individuals from non‐Western cultural contexts (e.g., China) are at potentially high risk for WBI. Yet, no research has examined WBI and associated negative health consequences in this historically underrepresented population.A cross‐sectional, online survey sampled Chinese gender‐diverse individuals (N = 410, Mage = 22.33 years). Variables were self‐reported, including demographics, WBI, body shame, body dissatisfaction, disordered eating, physical and mental health status, and gender minority stress (e.g., internalized cisgenderism). Analyses included correlations and multiple hierarchical regressions.Pearson bivariate correlations demonstrated associations between higher WBI and more eating and body image disturbances and poor physical and mental health. After adjusting for age, BMI, gender identity, and gender minority stress, higher WBI was uniquely and positively associated with higher body shame, higher body dissatisfaction, higher disordered eating, and poor physical and mental health. Notably, WBI accounted for more unique variance in eating and body image disturbances (13%–25% explained by WBI) than physical and mental health (1%–4% explained by WBI).While replication with longitudinal and experimental designs is needed to speak to the temporal dynamics and causality, our findings identify WBI as a unique, meaningful correlate of eating and body image disturbances in Chinese gender‐diverse adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent research has evidenced the importance of height dissatisfaction in male body image, however the impact of height on body image in women remains relatively unexplored. Our study aimed to investigate the association between height, heightdissatisfaction, body dissatisfaction, and eating disorder symptoms in a sample of 139 women from the USA. Participants were recruited using Amazon's MTurk and reported their actual and ideal height, as well as completing measures of height dissatisfaction, and drive for thinness, drive for muscularity, and eating disorder symptoms. A paired sample t-test was utilised to examine differences in participants' actual and ideal height. Additionally, linear hierarchical multiple regression was used to assess whether height, eating disorder symptoms, drive for thinness, and drive for muscularity uniquely predicted height dissatisfaction, and significant interactions were explored using a simple slope analysis complemented with a Johnson-Neyman analysis. Results showed that 48.92% of women reported identical actual and ideal height, 33.09% of women wanted to be taller, and 13.67% wanted to be shorter than their actual height. Additionally, shorter women tended to report greater height dissatisfaction, and higher levels of drive for thinness and drive for muscularity were associated with increased height dissatisfaction. However, eating disorder symptoms did not uniquely account for significant variance in height dissatisfaction once accounting for drive for thinness and muscularity. Our exploratory analysis also revealed that for taller than average women, height dissatisfaction was more strongly predicted by drive for muscularity, thus implicating the significance of height and muscle dissatisfaction for taller women. Overall, our study demonstrated that height and height dissatisfaction are important components to the theoretical construct of women's body image, and therefore should be integrated into theoretical models of female body dissatisfaction and considered in assessment, formulation, and treatment of body image-related disorders. Further research with larger and more diverse samples, including clinical populations, is warranted to validate and extend our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The eating and feeding disorder section of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5 Text Revision (DSM-5-TR) is organized by a diagnostic algorithm that limits the contemporaneous assignment of multiple eating disorder diagnoses. Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is a disturbance in food intake typically associated with lack of interest in food, food avoidance based on sensory characteristics, and/or fear of aversive consequences from eating. According to the DSM-5-TR, an ARFID diagnosis cannot be made when weight or shape disturbances are present, and ARFID cannot be co-diagnosed with other eating disorders characterized by these disturbances. However, emerging evidence from both clinical and lived experience contexts suggests that the co-occurrence of ARFID with multiple other types of eating disorders may be problematically invisibilized by this trumping scheme. The diagnostic criteria for ARFID can contribute to inappropriate diagnosis or exclusion from diagnosis due to excessive ambiguity and disqualification based on body image disturbance and other eating disorder pathology, even if unrelated to the food restriction or avoidance. This harmfully limits the ability of diagnostic codes to accurately describe an individual's eating disorder symptomatology, impacting access to specialized and appropriate eating disorder care. Therefore, revision of the DSM-5-TR criteria for ARFID and removal of limitations on the diagnosis of ARFID concurrent to other full-syndrome eating disorders stands to improve identification, diagnosis, and support of the full spectrum of ARFID presentations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tattooed individuals often express the positive effects of wearing body art toward improved self-image and confidence. This research builds on prior data exploring the positive effects of tattooing and investigates how tattoos impact one’s relationship to eating disorder (ED) recovery and body image. We held three focus groups lasting 60 minutes each, recruiting participants via purposive snowball sampling (n = 15), with additional opportunities to respond to focus group prompts asynchronously. Eligible participants were individuals with lived experience of an ED, self-identified as being in recovery, had three or more tattoos, and spoke English. Participants predominantly held gender-expansive (n = 4 Non-Binary, n = 3 Genderqueer, n = 3 Cisgender Women, n = 3 Transgender, n = 2 Transmasculine, n = 2 Gender Non-Conforming, n = 2 Intersex, n = 1 Cisgender Man) and non-heterosexual identities. Focus groups were held between April 2021 and July 2023 and followed a semi-structured interview format. Primary analyses focused on participants’ responses to open-ended prompts regarding how they understood the relationships between tattooing, body image, and ED recovery. Thematic analysis identified four core themes: Tattooing allowing for embodiment, tattooing allowing for recovery-oriented behaviors, tattooing enabling positive body image, and tattooing facilitating empowerment. An overarching message was that tattooing is a therapeutic and transformative process, allowing for self-determination. Participants indicated that tattooing can be experienced as a powerful mechanism for behavioral change and shifts in relationship to one’s body. Participants expressed that tattooing can be an effective route towards both gender euphoria and body liberation, enhancing one’s ability to maintain ED recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This cross-sectional study, conducted on 4003 participants aged between 18 and 45, aims to contribute to orthorexia nervosa (ON) research by examining the relationship between ON, body image and nutritional adequacy. The Orthorexia Nervosa-11 scale (ORTO-11) and body perception scale were applied to individuals, and food consumption records were taken with a 24-hour dietary recall method. The study found that more individuals with orthorexia nervosa (ON) considered themselves overweight compared to non-ON individuals. Evaluating diet quality, the mean adequacy ratio was significantly higher in ON individuals. Nutrient adequacy ratios for total fiber, magnesium, zinc, thiamine, folic acid, and vitamin C were higher, while those for carbohydrate and iron were lower in ON individuals. Additionally, increasing the number of snacks, protein, and total fiber adequacy decreased the ORTO-11 score. Distorted body image perception may be a risk factor for ON, but healthy eating fixation does not lead to nutrient inadequacy unless it involves progressive food restriction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractMigration poses a myriad of challenges to migrants’ mental well-being, including eating disorders (EDs) and body image dissatisfaction (BID). This review aims to explore the prevalence and characteristics of EDs and BID among migrant populations. A comprehensive search of PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science databases was conducted from inception to January 2023. Using search terms encompassing ED/BID and migrant populations, 11 studies were selected from an initial pool of 899 records. Epidemiological studies demonstrate varying prevalence rates of ED among migrant groups, presenting mixed data. In certain populations, the global prevalence of EDs was reported at 5.8%, with binge eating disorder specifically observed at a rate of 1.7%. Clinical cases reveal how the migratory route, culture and psychopathology intersect in ED presentations. Cultural practices and ethnic identity can influence ED development, often exacerbated by biases related to food and body image. Conversely, cultural heritage may serve as a mitigating factor. Studies on BID reveal a prevalent preference for thinner bodies among migrants in Western nations, likely influenced by exposure to Western cultural norms and ideals. The present findings underscore the complex phenomenology of ED and BID in migrant populations, influenced by a multitude of factors including migration-related stress and cultural constructs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article emphasizes the importance of considering cultural factors in research on body image disturbances in eating disorders and body dysmorphic disorder. It highlights the underrepresentation of East/Southeast Asian populations in these studies and suggests that cultural standards of beauty and sociocultural factors may influence the manifestation of image disturbances. The article calls for future research to include diverse populations, examine cultural differences, and be conducted in a culturally sensitive manner. The accompanying document provides a list of references and citations for further research on eating disorders, body image, and cultural factors, offering a range of perspectives and findings on these topics. [Extracted from the article]

Background/Objectives: Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses have been conducted to date indicating a high prevalence of disordered eating in elite athletes and associated risk factors. However, the substantial time burden associated with locating and comparing these reviews, which are varied in methodology and sampling focus, may be a barrier for informing policy and best practice as well as directing future research. This umbrella review aimed to provide a summary of evidence across published reviews regarding the prevalence and risk factors for disordered eating (including body image concerns and eating disorders) in elite athletes. Methods: Five databases (CINAHL, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus) were systematically searched for peer-reviewed systematic reviews and meta-analyses that met the following inclusion criteria: (1) investigated prevalence and risk factors for disordered eating, (2) included a sample of elite athletes, and (3) available in English. The included studies underwent data extraction and risk of bias assessment using the AMSTAR 2. Results: The initial search identified 1828 articles that were screened for title and abstract and then full text, leaving 24 systematic reviews (including 10 meta-analyses). Disordered eating was prevalent across elite athletes, including males and females and across sport type. Elite athletes were at elevated risk for disordered eating and eating disorders but at lower risk for body image concerns versus non-athlete controls. Several risk factors were identified, including female gender, competing in lean sports, and experiencing career changes. Few reviews or meta-analyses examined perceived pressures within the sporting environment, and most had substantial risk of bias concerns. Conclusions: Elite athletes are at risk for the spectrum of disordered eating, and all should be considered for primary prevention and screening. Further research is needed regarding sport-specific versus general pressures and mediators of risk to better inform interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Body image disorders are well documented in anorexia nervosa (AN); however, knowledge of interoceptive awareness (IA) in this population remains poor. This descriptive study investigated whether and how the representation of the interior of the body may have an impact on IA. Methods: The representations and knowledge of the body interior were evaluated with a drawing task in 34 women with AN and 34 healthy controls (HCs). A lexicometric analysis was performed on the vocabulary used to describe the drawn body parts in a structured interview. It was assumed that the conceptual representation of the body interior could be affected by or influence IA. Thus, the relationship between IA, measured with the heartbeat task and the ischemia-induction test, and the drawings was explored. Other scales, such as those of body shape, awareness or satisfaction, were used to assess affective representations of the body. Results: The drawing, lexicometric and IA results were similar in the two groups. No correlations were found among IA, body representation scores and representation level of body interior. Only the representation of bones by the AN group was significantly different. Discussion: Increased visual attention to the skeleton or greater awareness of bone health could explain the stronger representation of bones in the AN group. The psychophysical therapy received by some AN participants (73%) did not seem to have influenced IA. Our results do not support a relationship between IA and the representation of the body interior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dysmorphic concerns are a core symptom of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), a mental disorder characterized by a preoccupation with perceived appearance-related flaws. Different cognitive and perceptual biases are associated with dysmorphic concern or BDD, including object-related short-term memory deficits and superior short-term memory performance for facial features. A face-related long-term memory bias might explain the feature of perceiving flaws and why individuals with BDD experience adverse outcomes of cosmetic surgery. The present study aimed at investigating long-term memory (LTM) performance for different facial stimuli. 62 participants completed an online experiment (30 with low and 32 with high dysmorphic concern; 39 without and 23 with self-reported BDD). The experiment consisted of two consecutive old/new recognition tasks, testing memory performance of whole faces and facial features. LTM performance was higher for whole faces than for facial features across groups. Neither significant differences between the low and high dysmorphic concern groups nor an interaction of group x stimulus type were found. Post hoc exploratory analyses revealed lower long-term memory performance in individuals with versus without self-reported BDD. The results indicate that memory performance might be only affected in BDD rather than non-clinical or non–BDD-specific dysmorphic concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This contribution argues in favor of implementing comprehensive educational strategies to combat the harmful effects of social media (SM) on body image and self-perception among Generations Alpha and Z. These generations are often exposed to unattainable beauty standards that can lead to distorted self-perceptions and body image disorders such as Zoom dysmorphia. To address this issue, we propose embedding health education, critical media literacy, and active parental involvement in educational curricula. The goal is to help young individuals develop the skills necessary to critically evaluate and navigate the pressures of SM. We believe that incorporating health education, critical media literacy, and active parental engagement into school programs is urgently needed to counteract the adverse effects of SM on body image and self-perception. These initiatives will equip young people with the necessary tools to evaluate SM content critically, navigate SM influences more safely and effectively, and develop a more resilient and informed perspective. This proactive educational approach is vital for improving mental health outcomes and mitigating the psychologic impacts of digital media. We hope that this comprehensive strategy will ultimately help future generations face SM pressures with confidence and critical awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Experiences of menopause and quality of life during menopause can vary extensively among women. While menopause has been associated with negative impacts on eating and body image, it is unclear to what extent quality of life differs by eating disorder risk status. The aim of this study was to explore how menopause symptoms and quality of life differ between those women at high‐ or low‐risk of an eating disorder and the potential protective role of body appreciation. Method: This cross‐sectional survey study explored differences in menopausal quality of life, body appreciation, and body dissatisfaction among women classified as high‐ or low‐risk of an eating disorder as part of a wider survey on aging, health, and psychological complaints during midlife. Participants were 255 females aged between 40 and 60 years. Participants were classified as high‐risk and low‐risk of an eating disorder based on Eating Attitudes Test‐26 (EAT‐26) scores. Differences between groups on the Menopause‐Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MENQOL), Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ‐16), and Body Appreciation Scale–2 were analyzed. The predictive relationship between menopausal quality of life and body appreciation was also explored. Results: Participants in the high‐risk group (n = 111) reported significantly poorer menopausal quality of life compared to the low‐risk group (n = 144), scoring significantly higher on the sexual, physical, and psychosocial subscales of the MENQOL. The high‐risk group also had significantly greater body dissatisfaction and less body appreciation than the low‐risk group. Overall, menopausal quality of life was a significant predictor of body appreciation. Discussion: Women with greater eating disorder risk may be faring less well with menopause. Treating and preventing menopause‐related eating disorders will benefit from interventions aimed at not only reducing body dissatisfaction, but actively bolstering body appreciation and supporting the sexual, physical, and psychosocial aspects of the menopausal transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pregnant women undergo many physiological and psychological changes which can lead to body image disturbances and disordered eating. This study aimed to develop and validate a new scale measuring body image disturbances and disordered eating. The Maternal Body Image and Eating Behaviors Scale (MBIEB-S) was developed based on a multidimensional body image framework, qualitative insights into maternal body image and disordered eating, and limitations of existing instruments. In an online survey, 350 primiparous pregnant women completed the 72-item MBIEB-S. An exploratory factorial analysis yielded a six-factor model (50 items): Body Dissatisfaction, Overeating, Healthy Eating, Eating Restriction, Physical Exercise, and Avoidance. The scale has good convergent validity with related constructs (concerns about weight, shape and eating, eating restriction, and antenatal depression) and shows good criterion validity with relevant constructs (history of eating disorders and antenatal depression). The MBIEB-S measures key dimensions related to body image and eating behaviors during pregnancy, some of which may adversely affect both maternal and fetal health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Body image distortion and/or dissatisfaction may occur primarily due to body fat accumulation and/or distribution. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of body image perception and (dis)satisfaction categories in adult men and women according to the adiposity classification. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study (n = 514; 33–79 years; 265 women) that is part of a prospective cohort (Pró-Saúde study). Adiposity measurements were determined by two methods: anthropometry, used to calculate the body mass index (BMI) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), to estimate body fat percentage. Participants were grouped as "no excess adiposity" and "excess adiposity", considering BMI and body fat percentage (>30% for men, >40% for women). Perception and (dis)satisfaction with body image were evaluated using the Kakeshita scale, composed by 15 silhouettes, developed for the Brazilian population. Degree of distortion (perceived BMI ‐ real BMI) and dissatisfaction (perceived BMI ‐ desired BMI) were calculated. Results: A high proportion of men (58.6%; 74.3%), and especially of women (82.6%; 86.8%), presented body size overestimation and dissatisfaction due to excess weight, respectively. A relevant fraction of the women (32.6%) and men (30.8%) who were dissatisfied due to excess weight did not present excess adiposity, especially if classified by DXA. Variability in degree of distortion was hardly explained by anthropometric and DXA variables in women (<5%) and men (∼22%). Both anthropometric and DXA measurements accounted for ∼30% and ∼50% of the variability in degree of dissatisfaction among women and men, respectively. Conclusion: Our results suggest a high frequency of body image distortion in Brazilian adult individuals, as well as dissatisfaction with excess weight, especially among women with excess adiposity. The findings indicate that anthropometric measurements explain much of the variability in degree of body image dissatisfaction in men, with no apparent advantage of the use of more refined DXA measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychosocial factors play an important role in the disease course and illness experience of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Consultation with a health psychologist is an important component of care for many IBD patients and provides an opportunity to identify areas of psychosocial concern, recognize coping deficits and strengths, and facilitate treatment recommendations. Psychosocial assessment in IBD requires a nuanced approach that goes beyond general mental health screening and considers the disease-specific concerns that impact patients. In this paper, we outline strategies for an IBD-focused psychological evaluation, including specific guidance for assessing disease-specific concerns of anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress, sleep, pain, body image disturbance, food-related quality of life, and psychological resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a vibrio vulnificus Infection Patient due to above knee amputation because self-use ointment dressing admitted to the intensive care unit. From December 21, 2021 to January 21, 2022, three health problems were identified in the course of care: acute pain, body image disturbance, and a self-care deficit. Nursing care included: listening to radio music, massage to relieve acute pain; caring and asking the patient to express his thoughts; sharing the medical process of the same case through video; help with acceptance, care for the amputation wound and facing the change of body appearance; with family members and rehabilitation team to design and participate in limb rehabilitation improve self-care ability after amputation. The nursing experience described hope for providing clinical care to similar case patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A core feature of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is body image disturbance. Many with BDD misperceive and are dissatisfied with the sizes and shapes of body parts, but detailed quantification and analysis of this has not yet been performed. To address this gap, we applied Somatomap 3D, a digital avatar tool, to quantify body image disturbances by assessing body size estimation (BSE) accuracy and body dissatisfaction. Methods: Sixty-one adults (31 with BDD, 30 healthy controls) created avatars to reflect their perceived current body and ideal body by altering 23 body part sizes and lengths using Somatomap 3D. Physical measurements of corresponding body parts were recorded for comparison. BSE accuracy (current minus actual) and body dissatisfaction (ideal minus current) were compared between groups and in relation to BDD symptom severity using generalized estimating equations. Results: Individuals with BDD significantly over- and under-estimated certain body parts compared to healthy controls. Individuals with BDD overall desired significantly thinner body parts compared to healthy controls. Moreover, those with worse BSE accuracy had greater body dissatisfaction and poorer insight. Conclusion: In sum, this digital avatar tool revealed disturbances in body image in individuals with BDD that may have perceptual and cognitive/affective components.

The letter to the editor discusses the importance of using appropriate terms related to body ownership in research involving avatars, particularly in the context of treatments for eating disorders. The authors propose specific definitions for body ownership (BO) and body ownership illusion (BOI) to clarify their distinction and usage. They suggest using BO for natural bodily experiences in real reality and BOI for artificially induced experiences in real or virtual reality, emphasizing the need for clarity in terminology to enhance understanding in the field. [Extracted from the article]

"Boys Do Cry: Improving Boys' Mental Health and Wellbeing in Schools" by Matt Pinkett, reviewed in the Canadian Journal of Education, offers insights into challenges faced by boys in schools. The book addresses key issues like anger, suicide, physical activity, and body image, providing research, personal stories, and practical solutions. Pinkett emphasizes the importance of destigmatizing emotions like anger, recognizing signs of self-harm, promoting physical literacy, and reframing discussions on body image to support boys' mental health effectively. The book's recommendations are applicable internationally and offer educators tangible solutions for supporting male students' wellbeing. [Extracted from the article]

Abstract Background Some studies have examined the relationship between internalization of media appearance ideals and eating disorders. However, few have discussed the relationship between eating disorder tendencies. To fill this research gap, this study was to explore the influencing mechanisms of internalization of media appearance ideals on adolescents’ eating disorder tendencies in Chinese cultural context. Method The Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire, Eating Attitude Test-26, Physical Self-Description Questionnaire, Body Image Depression Questionnaire and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support were employed in this study to investigate 1523 adolescents. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 24.0. Result The results showed that: (1) internalization of media appearance ideals had a significant positive predictive effect on adolescents’ eating disorder tendencies; (2) internalization of media appearance ideals significantly influenced adolescents’ eating disorder tendencies through the mediating role of body esteem and body image disturbance respectively, and also influenced eating disorder tendencies through the chain mediating of both; and (3) social support played a moderating role between body image disturbance and eating disorder tendency. Conclusion Our findings suggest distinct pathways through which internalization of media appearance ideals may influence adolescents’ eating disorder tendencies. It is suggested that reducing body image disturbance and enhancing social support can help reducing eating disorder tendency.

Purpose: To investigate the psychologic morbidities associated with tooth loss despite treatment with technically successful dentures. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional questionnaire-based study compared the psychologic disturbance and functional difficulties in two groups: individuals with tooth loss who wore optimal-quality removable dentures (test group), and individuals with tooth loss who did not wear dentures (control group). The questionnaire used was developed and validated previously. The shortform revised Eysenck personality questionnaire was also used to assess the relationship with personality traits. A total of 138 participants were recruited (denture group = 70; control group = 68). Results: There was a significant difference in body image dissatisfaction between the groups (X2 = 7.72, P value = .005). The denture group had 5.75-times higher probability than the control group of suffering from body image disturbance. Older patients were predicted to have 75% less probability of body image disturbance (OR = 0.25), and men were predicted to have up to 70% less disturbance (OR = 0.3). As for psychologic morbidities, participants in both groups presented with somatic symptoms related to depression or anxiety, which were nearly double that expected in the general population (15.7% and 7.8%, respectively). Furthermore, participants who complained about body image impairment were more likely to have higher scores on the neuroticism scale (OR = 3.64). Conclusion: Tooth loss and dentures could be associated with body image dissatisfaction and psychologic morbidity. Planning for patient-centered care is paramount prior to extracting any teeth and providing replacement options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The diagnosis and treatment of cancer triggers not only a negative psychological response for the patient, but also a positive psychological outcome. Positive dyadic coping, as a form of coping for mental health outcomes, can maintain or reestablish internal stability between the patient and his or her spouse, resulting in positive physical and psychological changes. However, there is a paucity of research on body image, dyadic coping, and posttraumatic growth in breast cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship and pathways between body image, dyadic coping, and post-traumatic growth in breast cancer patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2022 to November 2023 at a tertiary care hospital in Wuxi, Jiangsu, China. This study was conducted among 154 breast cancer patients treated at the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, all of whom completed demographic and clinical information questionnaires, Body image self-rating questionnaire for breast cancer (BISQ-BC), Dyadic Coping Inventory (DCI) and Post Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI). A Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between body image, dyadic coping, and post-traumatic growth. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the path relationships among the three and to explore the mediating role of dyadic coping. Results: The level of body image was negatively correlated with post-traumatic growth (r = -0.462, p < 0.01); and the level of body image was negatively correlated with dyadic coping (r = -0.308, p < 0.01). And dyadic coping was positively associated with post-traumatic growth (r = 0.464, p < 0.01). The structural equation modeling results supported the mediation model with the following model fit indices, chi-square to degrees of freedom ratio (2/df = 2.05), goodness of fit index (GFI = 0.93), comparative fit index (CFI = 0.99), canonical fit index (NFI = 0.93), incremental fit index (IFI = 0.99), non-canonical fit index (TLI = 0.99) and the root mean square of the difference in approximation error (RMSEA = 0.03). Body image and dyadic coping directly affected post-traumatic growth (ß = -0.33, p < 0.05; ß = 0.43, p < 0.05). And body image indirectly influenced post-traumatic growth through dyadic coping (ß = -0.17, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Interconnections between body image, dyadic coping, and posttraumatic growth in breast cancer patients. A preliminary validation of the mediating role of dyadic coping between body image and post-traumatic growth, body image can have an impact on dyadic coping, which in turn can have an impact on post-traumatic growth. Whereby higher levels of dyadic coping in patients may also be associated with higher levels of post-traumatic growth, whereas body image disturbance may impede levels of post-traumatic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adolescence is a critical period for establishing healthy eating habits and weight management, essential for preventing obesity and promoting overall health. This study investigates the impact of mukbang and cookbang—popular online broadcasts in Korea that feature excessive consumption of food—on the dietary habits and body image perception of Korean adolescents. With digital media, especially platforms like YouTube, becoming an integral part of daily life, these broadcasts have the potential to significantly influence adolescent health behaviors. Methods: Employing data from the 18th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (2022), this descriptive survey research explores the relationship between watching mukbang and cookbang and various health-related factors among adolescents. The survey's comprehensive dataset provided a unique opportunity to examine this association in a population that is increasingly exposed to digital media content. The analysis focused on the frequency of watching mukbang and cookbang, their impact on eating habits, body mass index (BMI), body shape perception, and body image distortion among adolescents. Results: The results revealed a significant engagement with mukbang and cookbang among adolescents, with notable gender differences in viewing habits and effects. Increased frequency of viewing was associated with negative impacts on eating habits and body image perception. Furthermore, psychological factors such as stress levels and sleep quality emerged as significant predictors of the frequency of watching these broadcasts. Conclusions: This study highlights the need for further investigation into the causal relationships between mukbang and cookbang viewership and adolescent health outcomes. The findings suggest the importance of developing targeted interventions to mitigate the negative influences of such content on adolescents' eating habits and body perceptions. Given the widespread popularity of these broadcasts, it is crucial to address their potential health implications through public health strategies, educational content, and policy development aimed at promoting healthier lifestyles among adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Visual AI showed that females, but not males, had lower perceived BF% than actual. • Body image distortion generated by DIA were associated with MBSRQ-AS subscales. • Body image dissatisfaction from DIA were associated with MBSRQ-AS subscales. • Remote smartphone-based DIA may provide a feasible analog to assessing body image. Given that mobile digital imaging analyses (DIA) are equipped to automate body composition and subsequently alter one's appearance at a given objective body fat percent (BF%), the purpose of this study was to validate the use of this tool for assessments of body image. Participants (f = 134, m = 89) from two separate centers underwent body composition scans using a mobile DIA and completed the Multidimensional Body Self-Relations Questionnaire–Appearance Scale (MBSRQ-AS). Using a DIA-generated avatar, participants altered their figure so that it represented their perceived body, ideal body, and what a partner would find attractive. Distortion was calculated as perceived minus actual BF% and dissatisfaction was calculated as either ideal or partner minus perceived BF%. The total sample and females (p < 0.050), but not males, had significantly lower perceived BF% compared to their actual. Ideal and partner BF% was significantly lower than the perceived BF% for all groups (all p < 0.050). Ideal and partner BF% mean differences (MD) from perceived were positively associated with appearance evaluation (AE) and body area satisfaction (BAS) and negatively associated with overweight preoccupation and self-classified weight for the total sample (all p < 0.050). Perceived MD demonstrated negative associations with AE and BAS (p < 0.050), but only for females when separated by sex. Perceptual body image measured by DIA is significantly associated with attitudinal body image and may allow practitioners to better quantify this growing issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the overlooked contributions of Husserl's Phenomenology of intersubjectivity in understanding anorexia nervosa. It highlights the intricate relationship between the self and others, emphasizing their mutual constitution while acknowledging inherent differences. The distorted body image approach often overlooks this perspective, leading to psychopathological issues in individuals with anorexia nervosa. By integrating subjective experience and external observation, a more balanced and equal intersubjective relationship can be established. Utilizing this philosophical framework allows for a deeper understanding of the disorder's dynamics and sheds new light on the subjective experiences of individuals with anorexia nervosa in relation to others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context Moon-like facies (MLF) are a typical side effect of glucocorticoid (GC) therapy; however, its predisposing factors, relationship with GC-induced complications, and effects on body image are not well understood. Objective This study aimed to determine the predisposing factors for MLF during GC therapy; its association with GC-induced diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia; and its effects on body image. Methods This prospective observational study spanned 24 weeks and targeted patients who received GC therapy at the University of Yamanashi Hospital from June 2020 to August 2022. The MLF was defined based on the following 3 factors: (1) an increase in facial measurement lengths, (2) subjective facial changes by patients' self-assessment using a visual analog scale; (3) objective and qualitative facial changes assessed by physicians. We examined the predisposing factors for MLF and the association of MLF with GC-induced diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and body image. Results The cumulative incidence rate of MLF at 24 weeks was 37.6%. Predisposing factors for MLF were an initial oral prednisolone dosage of ≥ 30 mg/day [odds ratio (OR) 63.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.82-701.81] and female (OR 6.66, 95% CI 1.35-32.79). MLF showed a significant association with the onset of GC-induced diabetes (OR 6.58, 95% CI 1.25-34.74). MLF was also an independent factor contributing to body image disturbance (β = −18.94, P =.01). Conclusion MLF contributes to body image disturbance and is associated with the development of GC-induced diabetes; therefore, it is clinically important as a physical manifestation of GC therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) is a new diagnosis added to the DSM-5 characterized by pathological eating habits without body image disturbances. Previous findings demonstrated a general association between high levels of perfectionism and low levels of self-esteem in association with general eating disorders. However, research is scant when it comes to ARFID specifically. Subsequently, although self-esteem is seen to moderate the association between perfectionism and general eating disorders, this research study aims to explore the same moderation but with ARFID specifically. Methods: For this study, 515 Lebanese adults from the general Lebanese population were recruited from all over Lebanon, 60.1% of which were females. The Arabic version of the Big Three Perfectionism Scale– Short Form (BTPS-SF) was used to measure self-critical, rigid and narcissistic perfectionism; the Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder screen (NIAS) was used to score the ARFID variable; the Arabic-Single Item Self-Esteem (A-SISE) was the scale used to measure self-esteem. Results: Across the different perfectionism types, self-esteem was seen to moderate the association between narcissistic perfectionism and ARFID (Beta = − 0.22; p =.006). At low (Beta = 0.77; p <.001), moderate (Beta = 0.56; p <.001) and high (Beta = 0.36; p =.001) levels of self-esteem, higher narcissistic perfectionism was significantly associated with higher ARFID scores. Conclusion: This study brought to light some crucial clinical implications that highlight the need for interventions that help in the enhancement of self-esteem in patients with high perfectionism and ARFID. This study suggests that clinicians and healthcare professionals should focus more on risk factors influencing the development and maintenance of ARFID-like symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: High body mass and adiposity during pregnancy can contribute to psychological distress, and body dissatisfaction may be a potential underlying mechanism of this association. Objective. This study aimed to evaluate the mediational role of body dissatisfaction in the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and depressive and anxious symptoms, respectively. Methods: Given the cross-sectional design of this study, two alternative models were investigated, positing that BMI was related to depressive (Model 1a) and anxious symptoms (Model 2a), which, in turn, predicted body dissatisfaction. Seventy-two pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy completed the Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory-II and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, as well as a demographic form assessing their BMI. Results: As hypothesized, body dissatisfaction mediated the relationship between BMI and psychopathological symptoms. Moreover, the alternative models of reverse mediation were also significant, suggesting that psychopathological symptoms mediated the relationship between BMI and body dissatisfaction. Findings from both the hypothesized and alternative models suggested that, on the one hand, higher distress symptoms associated with body dissatisfaction would result from high BMI and, on the other hand, that body dissatisfaction may result from the effect of BMI on distress symptoms. Conclusions: The present study suggests that body image theory and practice should be implemented by the inclusion of evidence-based clinical interventions for promoting psychological well-being during the antenatal period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Female fashion models are under intense occupational pressure. The present study focuses on assessing the lived experience of fashion models with regards to their dieting and exercising habits, body image perception, eating disorder-like symptoms, and experience of abuse via self-narrated reports. Methods: Series of open questions were distributed among international fashion models (N=84, mean age=23.2 years; mean BMI=16.9) selected by convenience and snowball sampling. Models from 17 countries participated. The questions targeted models' eating, exercising, dieting habits, body image perception, and eating disorder symptoms. The average word count of the transcripts was 2473.9 (SD = 2791.6). Thematic content analysis was performed on the transcripts. A total of 31 codes were created to address disordered eating and body image concerns. Results: Negative body-related claims appeared in 89.3%, and positive claims in 64.3% of the models' transcripts. Negative remarks about eating were made by 45.2% of the participants, and 23.8% positively. Control over their food intake was exercised by 78.6% of the participants and 40.5% used extreme calorie restriction. Models who talked more positively about their bodies expressed significantly more frequently extreme calorie restriction. Extreme sports habits occurred in 23.8% of the transcripts, obsessive sports habits were claimed by 11.9% of participants. Self-induced vomiting was prominent in 14.3% of the answers. Criticism from other industry members was experienced by 83.3% of the participants while 44.0% received body appreciation. Body image disorder-like symptoms were expressed by 63.1% of models. Such models mentioned significantly more often content about eating disorders and talked significantly more negatively about eating. Psychological problems were mentioned by 48.8%, whereas 16.7% took part in psychotherapy. Those who partake in therapy mentioned significantly more eating disorder content in their narratives. Abuse was mentioned by 25.0% of the models. Conclusion: Fashion models are experiencing increased environmental pressure to conform to the extreme slimness ideal. There is a heightened prevalence of disordered eating and other weight-controlling behaviours among fashion models to succeed in their careers. Qualitative research is crucial in understanding the more subtle dynamics in conforming to and maintaining the thin beauty ideal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hyperandrogenism is frequently found in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and contributes to physical manifestations like hirsutism and obesity, along with infertility. This condition can result in anxiety, depression, and body image disorders, potentially leading to sexual dysfunction. The objective of this investigation was to assess the correlation among hirsutism, anthropometric characteristics, sexual dysfunction, and anxiety levels among infertile Indonesian women diagnosed with PCOS. Methods: From December 2021 to December 2022, a cross-sectional study was undertaken involving 71 infertile women diagnosed with PCOS at Yasmin Clinic, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia. Hirsutism was assessed using the modified Ferriman-Gallwey (mFG) score; the anthropometric profile was assessed using BMI and waist-to-hip ratio. The assessment of sexual dysfunction was conducted using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire, while the evaluation of anxiety levels utilized the HAM-A questionnaires. Results: In this study, it was discovered that 53.3% of subjects experienced sexual dysfunction. However, there was no statistically significant relationship between hirsutism, anthropometric profile, and sexual dysfunction score in infertile women with PCOS (p > 0.05). Analysis of the overall FSFI domain score revealed that lubrication and satisfaction were lower in obese patients (p = 0.02 and p = 0.03), but this did not contribute to an overall sexual dysfunction score. Also, we found that subjects who experienced sexual dysfunction had a higher anxiety score (p < 0.005), with correlation analysis showing that Ferriman-Gallwey (FG) scores have a significant positive correlation with anxiety. Conclusion: There is no correlation between hirsutism, anthropometric profile, and sexual dysfunction in infertile Indonesian women diagnosed with PCOS. However, hirsutism could play a role in causing anxiety in Indonesian PCOS women. Additional investigation is required, as female sexual function is an intricate subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genital self-image (GSI) involves subjective perceptions, experiences, and feelings of individuals regarding their genitalia. A negative GSI contributes to lower sexual esteem and, consequently, negative sexual experiences and sexual dysfunction. In men, self-perception may be influenced by several factors, including penis size or shape, personal experiences, body image, general health status, sex education, and even the media they consume. This study aimed to understand the reasons that lead to dissatisfaction with GSI among Brazilian men. With a mixed approach, we present male perceptions regarding dissatisfaction with GSI captured from the following question: "If you are dissatisfied with your genitals, tell us for what reason(s)? (Optional)," which integrated the last questionnaire element of the original survey. Brazilian men over 18 years of age from different Brazilian states were eligible. In this analysis, 376 responses were obtained. The data were analyzed using thematic content analysis. The participants expressed the reasons for dissatisfaction, which were grouped into two categories: (1) anatomical aspects and beliefs in the construction of GSI and (2) functional aspects. The results offer an understanding of men's perceptions of their genitals and may aid in clinical practice and research on how Brazilian men perceive their genitals. It is possible to improve knowledge about sexual health and increase positivity regarding genital perception by providing information about the reasons that lead to dissatisfaction with the genitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]