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5. Potential drivers of human tick-borne encephalitis in the orebro region of Sweden, 2010-2021

Author

Kjaer, Lene Jung, Johansson, Magnus, Lindgren, Per-Eric, Asghar, Naveed, Wilhelmsson, Peter, Fredlund, Hans, Christensson, Madeleine, Wallenhammar, Amelie, Bodker, Rene, Rasmussen, Gunlog, Kjellander, Petter, Kjaer, Lene Jung, Johansson, Magnus, Lindgren, Per-Eric, Asghar, Naveed, Wilhelmsson, Peter, Fredlund, Hans, Christensson, Madeleine, Wallenhammar, Amelie, Bodker, Rene, Rasmussen, Gunlog, and Kjellander, Petter

Abstract

Incidence of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) has increased during the last years in Scandinavia, but the underlying mechanism is not understood. TBE human case data reported between 2010 and 2021 were aggregated into postal codes within orebro County, south-central Sweden, along with tick abundance and environmental data to analyse spatial patterns and identify drivers of TBE. We identified a substantial and continuing increase of TBE incidence in orebro County during the study period. Spatial cluster analyses showed significant hotspots (higher number of cases than expected) in the southern and northern parts of orebro County, whereas a cold spot (lower number of cases than expected) was found in the central part comprising orebro municipality. Generalised linear models showed that the risk of acquiring TBE increased by 12.5% and 72.3% for every percent increase in relative humidity and proportion of wetland forest, respectively, whereas the risk decreased by 52.8% for every degree Celsius increase in annual temperature range. However, models had relatively low goodness of fit (R-2 < 0.27). Results suggest that TBE in orebro County is spatially clustered, however variables used in this study, i.e., climatic variables, forest cover, water, tick abundance, sheep as indicator species, alone do not explain this pattern., Funding Agencies|Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (FORMAS) [2016-01400]; Knowledge Foundation [20190091, 20200063]; European Union through the European Regional Development Fund; Interreg North Sea Region Programme 2014-2020 as part of the NorthTick project; Medical Research Council of Southeast Sweden (FORSS) [38-2-7-19]; Division of Laboratory Medicine; Stiftelsen Marie-Claire Cronstedts minne; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Region Joenkoeping County; Region OErebro; [931010]

Published
2023
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6. Potential for Introduction of African Swine Fever Virus into High-Biosecurity Pig Farms by Flying Hematophagous Insects

Author

Stelder, Jonno Jorn, Olesen, Ann Sofie, Belsham, Graham J. J., Rasmussen, Thomas Bruun, Botner, Anette, Kjaer, Lene Jung, Boklund, Anette Ella, Bodker, Rene, Stelder, Jonno Jorn, Olesen, Ann Sofie, Belsham, Graham J. J., Rasmussen, Thomas Bruun, Botner, Anette, Kjaer, Lene Jung, Boklund, Anette Ella, and Bodker, Rene

Abstract

Background. DNA of African swine fever virus (ASFV) has previously been detected in hematophagous insects on ASF outbreak farms. However, it remains unclear whether the viral DNA derived from blood meals that originated from pigs on the outbreak farm or was introduced from infected domestic pigs or wild boar sources located outside of the outbreak farm. Methods. We caught 644 hematophagous insects on the windows at two non-outbreak high-biosecurity pig farms (i.e., without ASFV-infected pigs) using plastic meshes coated with sticky glue, as well as 3576 hematophagous insects using H-traps on or around the farms. Using PCR analyses, we identified which insects were present, whether these hematophagous insects carried blood from an external (exogenous) source and if the blood contained ASFV DNA. Results. We found blood meals with ASFV DNA in one pool of five Haematopota spp. in the H-traps. From the window traps, we found 0-2.7% of Haematopota spp., Stomoxys calcitrans, and Aedes spp. carrying blood meals from exogenous sources into the farms. Some insects carried bovine blood; the closest registered source for this was 2500m from the pig farm. Conclusion. Hematophagous insects carrying ASFV-positive blood meals or blood meals from exogenous sources seem to be attracted to high-biosecurity pig farms and attempt to enter them through their windows. Despite the small percentage of insects carrying blood and the small amounts carried by each insect, the large numbers of insects result in a sufficient volume of exogenous blood, potentially containing ASFV, to constitute a non-negligible risk for ASFV-introduction into unprotected pig stables. This study is the first to provide quantitative data on the number of hematophagous insects trying to enter high-biosecurity pig farms. It is also the first to provide information about the origin of their blood meals, indicating that insect-borne introduction of blood containing ASFV into high-biosecurity pig farms is possible an

Published
2023

8. The tree that hides the forest: cryptic diversity and phylogenetic relationships in the Palaearctic vector Obsoletus/Scoticus Complex (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) at the European level

Author

Mignotte, Antoine, Garros, Claire, Gardes, Laetitia, Balenghien, Thomas, Duhayon, Maxime, Rakotoarivony, Ignace, Tabourin, Laura, Poujol, Lea, Mathieu, Bruno, Ibanez-Justicia, Adolfo, Deniz, Ahmet, Cvetkovikj, Aleksandar, Purse, Bethan, Ramilo, David W., Stougiou, Despoina, Werner, Doreen, Pudar, Dubravka, Petric, Dusan, Veronesi, Eva, Jacobs, Frans, Kampen, Helge, da Fonseca, Isabel Pereira, Lucientes, Javier, Navarro, Javier, de la Puente, Josue Martinez, Stefanovska, Jovana, Searle, Kate R., Khallaayoune, Khalid, Culverwell, C. Lorna, Larska, Magdalena, Bourquia, Maria, Goffredo, Maria, Bisia, Marina, England, Marion, Robin, Matthew, Quaglia, Michela, Miranda-Chueca, Miguel Angel, Bodker, Rene, Estrada-Pena, Rosa, Carpenter, Simon, Tchakarova, Simona, Boutsini, Sofia, Sviland, Stale, Schafer, Stefanie M., Ozolina, Zanda, Seglina, Zanda, Vatansever, Zati, Huber, Karine, Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II - IAV (MOROCCO) (IAV), Dynamique des interactions hôte pathogène (DIHP), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA), Veterinary Control Central Research Institute, Sts. Cyril and Methodius University, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Wallingford] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), CIISA-Centro Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Veterinary Centre of Athens, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), University of Novi Sad, Institute of Parasitology, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Laboratorio de Producción y Sanidad Animal de Granada, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Edinburgh] (CEH), Unité Parasitologie et Maladies Parasitaires, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II (IAV), University of Helsinki, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise Guiseppe Caporale (IZSAM), Partenaires INRAE, Institute for Animal Health, the Pirbright Institute, Institute of Infection and Global Health [University of Liverpool, UK], University of Liverpool, University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), National Diagnostic and Research Veterinary Medical Institute, Norwegian Veterinary Institute [Oslo], Institute of Food safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Kafkas University, his study was partially funded by the EU grant H2020-727393 PALE-Blu and by the VectorNet project (OC/EFSA/AHAW/2013/02-FWC1) funded by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), European Project: 727393,PALE Blu, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II (IAV Hassan II), University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza]-Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje (UKIM), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, The Pirbright Institute, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), European Project: 727393,H2020,H2020-EU.3.2.1.1.,PALE-Blu(2017), HUSLAB, Viral Zoonosis Research Unit, Department of Virology, and Medicum

Subjects
Livestock, PCR ASSAYS, Ceratopogonidae, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Biting midge, RELATIVE-ABUNDANCE, Species delimitation, Animals, DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic, lcsh:RC109-216, CULICOIDES-SCOTICUS DIPTERA, RATES, Phylogeny, Taxonomy, POTENTIAL VECTORS, Geography, GENE TREES, Research, Genetic Variation, BLUETONGUE VIRUS, Sequence Analysis, DNA, LOCUS SPECIES DELIMITATION, Biting midges, Palaearctic Region, Insect Vectors, Europe, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Biology and Microbiology, DISCRIMINATION, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, Cryptic species, Cyclooxygenase 1, Culicoides spp, Female, 3111 Biomedicine, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

cet article a fait l’objet d’une correctionDOI : 10.1186/s13071-020-04349-y; International audience; ackgroundCulicoides obsoletus is an abundant and widely distributed Holarctic biting midge species, involved in the transmission of bluetongue virus (BTV) and Schmallenberg virus (SBV) to wild and domestic ruminants. Females of this vector species are often reported jointly with two morphologically very close species, C. scoticus and C. montanus, forming the Obsoletus/Scoticus Complex. Recently, cryptic diversity within C. obsoletus was reported in geographically distant sites. Clear delineation of species and characterization of genetic variability is mandatory to revise their taxonomic status and assess the vector role of each taxonomic entity. Our objectives were to characterize and map the cryptic diversity within the Obsoletus/Scoticus Complex.MethodsPortion of the cox1 mitochondrial gene of 3763 individuals belonging to the Obsoletus/Scoticus Complex was sequenced. Populations from 20 countries along a Palaearctic Mediterranean transect covering Scandinavia to Canary islands (North to South) and Canary islands to Turkey (West to East) were included. Genetic diversity based on cox1 barcoding was supported by 16S rDNA mitochondrial gene sequences and a gene coding for ribosomal 28S rDNA. Species delimitation using a multi-marker methodology was used to revise the current taxonomic scheme of the Obsoletus/Scoticus Complex.ResultsOur analysis showed the existence of three phylogenetic clades (C. obsoletus clade O2, C. obsoletus clade dark and one not yet named and identified) within C. obsoletus. These analyses also revealed two intra-specific clades within C. scoticus and raised questions about the taxonomic status of C. montanus.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, our study provides the first genetic characterization of the Obsoletus/Scoticus Complex on a large geographical scale and allows a revision of the current taxonomic classification for an important group of vector species of livestock viruses in the Palaearctic region.

Published
2020
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10. Tick-borne encephalitis virus, Zealand, Denmark, 2011

Author

Fomsgaard, Anders, Fertner, Mette E., Essbauer, Sandra, Nielsen, Alex Y., Frey, Stefan, Lindblom, Pontus, Lindgren, Per-Eric, Bodker, Rene, Weidmann, Manfred, and Dobler, Gerhard

Subjects
Analysis, Genetic aspects, Tick-borne encephalitis -- Analysis -- Genetic aspects, Phylogeny -- Analysis
Abstract

To the Editor: In Scandinavia, the incidence of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is increasing and expanding its geographic range (1). TBE virus (TBEV) types TBEV-Eur and TBEV Sib occur in Estonia [...]

Published
2013

11. Culicoids as vectors of Schmallenberg virus

Author

Rasmussen, Lasse Dam, Kristensen, Birgit, Kirkeby, Carsten, Rasmussen, Thomas Bruun, Belsham, Graham J., Bodker, Rene, and Botner, Anette

Subjects
Research, Vector-borne diseases -- Research, Viral research, Disease transmission -- Research, Insect carriers of disease -- Research, Insects as carriers of disease -- Research, Virus research
Abstract

To the Editor: In autumn 2011, an unidentified disease of livestock was reported on both sides of the Dutch-Germany border. By using metagenomics, the etiologic agent of this disease was [...]

Published
2012
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13. Risk of entry and transmission for two Culicoides-borne diseases in horses: comparison of African horse sickness and Equine encephalosis for France

Author

Faverjon, Céline, Leblond, Agnès, Lecollinet, Sylvie, De Koeijer, Aline, Bodker, Rene, Fischer, Egil A. J., ProdInra, Migration, Unité de Recherche d'Épidémiologie Animale (UR EpiA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Central Veterinary Institute, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Utrecht University [Utrecht], and International Symposia on Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics proceedings.

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2015

14. Letter: Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus, Zealand, Denmark, 2011

Author

Fomsgaard, Anders, Fertner, Mette E, Essbauer, Sandra, Nielsen, Alex Y, Frey, Stefan, Lindblom, Pontus, Lindgren, Per-Eric, Bodker, Rene, Weidmann, Manfred, Dobler, Gerhard, Fomsgaard, Anders, Fertner, Mette E, Essbauer, Sandra, Nielsen, Alex Y, Frey, Stefan, Lindblom, Pontus, Lindgren, Per-Eric, Bodker, Rene, Weidmann, Manfred, and Dobler, Gerhard

Abstract

n/a

Published
2013
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