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Objective to determine the presence of marginal bacterial microfiltration in the IAI in different implant/abutment systems, in vitro. Material and methods Fifty‐six implants from seven different brand names, 4 with cone and 3 with straight connections were used, implant and abutment were connected using the Ncm tightening as indicated by each of the manufacturers and then were sealed. The samples were subjected occlusal load and thermal cycling, a first sample of each group was observed by micro CT and in a second sample (both samples randomly selected) length of connection was measured, while the rest of the samples were mounted on devices according to the bacterial microfiltration model with Porphyromonas gingivalis. Results Two of the conical connection system groups did not present bacterial microfiltration, one of the three straight connection groups only microfiltered in one sample, while the other two conical as well as the two straight connection samples showed different and important levels of bacterial microfiltration, all groups presented a direct relationship between the implant‐abutment adjustment determined by micro‐CT and bacterial microfiltration levels, not related to the connection length. Conclusion: Only two conical connection systems presented no bacterial microfiltration.

Aims Earlier studies reported alterations of the kynurenine (KYN) pathway of tryptophan (TRP) metabolism in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The first rate-limiting enzymes indoleamine 2,3- dioxygenase (IDO) and tryptophan dioxygenase were observed upregulated, resulting elevated KYN/TRP ratios in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples of patients with PD. An increasing number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) has been identified in a population of PD. However, little is known if genetic variations of the IDO contribute to disturbance of the KYN metabolism in and the pathogenesis of PD. Main methods SNP analysis of IDO1 was performed by allelic discrimination assay with fluorescently labelled TaqMan probes and a subgroup analysis was conducted according to the age of PD onset. The frame shifts variant rs34155785, intronic variant rs7820268, and promotor region variant rs9657182 SNPs of 105 PD patients without comorbidity were analyzed and compared to 129 healthy controls. Key findings No significant correlation was found in three SNPs between PD patients and healthy controls. However, the subgroup analysis revealed that A alleles of rs7820268 SNP or rs9657182 SNP carriers contribute to later onset of PD than non-carriers. Significance The study suggested that SNPs of IDO1 influenced the age onset of PD and genotyping of SNPs in certain alleles potentially serves as a risk biomarker of PD.

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of bovine growth hormone (bGH) on body growth of suckling lambs. Suckling Merino lambs (fed on milk replacer from 4th day of life) were daily injected from 10th to 38th day of life with 80 micrograms bGH/kg b.w. Only insignificant increase of body weight was observed after 4 weeks of GH treatment. After 31st day of life body weight gain in the experimental lambs was significantly higher. It can be concluded that bGH increases body weight gain of lambs in 2nd month of life. It is probable that growth rate of sucklings is limited only by biological and biochemical capabilities of the organism and it can be hardly influenced by exogenous hormonal manipulation.

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of growth hormone on body growth and the content of RNA, DNA and protein in liver, brain and heart muscle in rat pups from reduced nests. Suckling rats raised in litters of 4 youngs were daily injected from 3rd to 28th day of life with 1 microgram of bGH/g body weight. Our results show that GH administration evoked higher body weight gain and increase of tail length after 23rd day of life. There was significant increase of liver content of nucleic acids and protein. This GH-responsivity of pups from reduced nests might be related to differences in their metabolic profile and accelerated somatic and psychosocial development in comparison to normal youngs.

The effects of intraperitoneal insulin on the food intake have been determined in infant rats up to weaning. It was found that intraperitoneal (IP) insulin reduced the milk intake of 13 and 17 day-old pups for three hours after treatment. In 5, 9 and 24 day-old pups the food intake was not significantly changed after IP insulin administration. Only in 28 day-old rat pups IP insulin induced an increase of food intake. Since subcutaneously (SC) administered insulin gave rise to short-term hyperphagia in 24 day-old rat pups we assessed the effects of SC versus IP insulin on the blood glucose level. Blood glucose was lower 3 hours after SC administration compared to the IP route. Results indicate that IP insulin causes a short lasting hypoglycaemia and consequently IP insulin increases food intake only after the 28th day of life.

The removal of wisdom teeth is often associated with severe postoperative edema and pain, and operation on the third molar can cause local inflammation that impairs lymph transport. The objective of the study was to assess the efficacy of manual lymph drainage (MLD) in reducing swelling following bilateral wisdom tooth removal. Ten consecutive patients with bilateral impacted wisdom teeth that required surgical removal were enrolled in the study. Each patient was postoperatively treated with MLD (after Vodder's method) on one side of the neck region with the untreated contralateral side as a control. Swelling was evaluated using a tape-measure placed in contact with the skin. The six landmarks of measurement included tragus-lip junction, tragus-pogonion, mandibular angle-external corner of eye, mandibular angle-ala nasi, mandibular angle-lip junction, and mandibular angle-median point of chin. Subjective assessment of MLD was conducted with self-evaluation using a visual analogue bar scale (VAS, range 0-100 mm). Of the 6 linear measurements, 4 lines (2, 4, 5, 6) showed a significant reduction of swelling on the side of MLD compared to the untreated side. Mean score of VAS of pretreatment condition was 35.5 +/- 20.60 mm that decreased to 22 +/- 19.32 mm measured after MLD (p=0.0295). This initial study demonstrates that MLD may promote an improvement of lymph circulation and work in an adjunctive role for reduction of postoperative swelling and pain following removal of impacted third molars.