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3. Longitudinal serum proteomics analyses identify unique and overlapping host response pathways in Lyme disease and West Nile virus infection

Author

Boada, Patrick, Fatou, Benoit, Belperron, Alexia A, Sigdel, Tara K, Smolen, Kinga K, Wurie, Zainab, Levy, Ofer, Ronca, Shannon E, Murray, Kristy O, Liberto, Juliane M, Rashmi, Priyanka, Kerwin, Maggie, Montgomery, Ruth R, Bockenstedt, Linda K, Steen, Hanno, and Sarwal, Minnie M

Subjects
Medical Microbiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Biological Sciences, Biotechnology, Vector-Borne Diseases, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Biodefense, West Nile Virus, Rare Diseases, Infectious Diseases, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Humans, West Nile Fever, West Nile virus, Proteome, Proteomics, Lyme Disease, serum proteomics, acute-phase response, immune system, localized and disseminated stage, asymptomatic infection, Lyme disease, longitudinal analysis, Immunology, Biochemistry and cell biology, Genetics
Abstract

Advancement in proteomics methods for interrogating biological samples has helped identify disease biomarkers for early diagnostics and unravel underlying molecular mechanisms of disease. Herein, we examined the serum proteomes of 23 study participants presenting with one of two common arthropod-borne infections: Lyme disease (LD), an extracellular bacterial infection or West Nile virus infection (WNV), an intracellular viral infection. The LC/MS based serum proteomes of samples collected at the time of diagnosis and during convalescence were assessed using a depletion-based high-throughput shotgun proteomics (dHSP) pipeline as well as a non-depleting blotting-based low-throughput platform (MStern). The LC/MS integrated analyses identified host proteome responses in the acute and recovery phases shared by LD and WNV infections, as well as differentially abundant proteins that were unique to each infection. Notably, we also detected proteins that distinguished localized from disseminated LD and asymptomatic from symptomatic WNV infection. The proteins detected in both diseases with the dHSP pipeline identified unique and overlapping proteins detected with the non-depleting MStern platform, supporting the utility of both detection methods. Machine learning confirmed the use of the serum proteome to distinguish the infection from healthy control sera but could not develop discriminatory models between LD and WNV at current sample numbers. Our study is the first to compare the serum proteomes in two arthropod-borne infections and highlights the similarities in host responses even though the pathogens and the vectors themselves are different.

Published
2022

4. Insights From Omics in Lyme Disease.

Author

Bockenstedt, Linda K and Belperron, Alexia A

Subjects
*VECTOR-borne diseases, *ZOONOSES, *BORRELIA burgdorferi, *TRANSCRIPTOMES, *LYME disease, *SPIROCHETES
Abstract

Lyme disease is a zoonotic infection due to Ixodes tick–transmitted Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato spirochetes and the most common vector-borne disease in the Northern Hemisphere. Despite nearly 50 years of investigation, the pathogenesis of this infection and its 2 main adverse outcomes—postinfectious Lyme arthritis and posttreatment Lyme disease syndrome—are incompletely understood. Advancement in sequencing and mass spectrometry have led to the rapid expansion of high-throughput omics technologies, including transcriptomics, metabolomics, and proteomics, which are now being applied to human diseases. This review summarizes findings of omics studies conducted on blood and tissue samples of people with acute Lyme disease and its postinfectious outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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8. Proteome Analysis for Inflammation Related to Acute and Convalescent Infection

Author

Sigdel, Tara K., primary, Sur, Swastika, additional, Boada, Patrick, additional, McDermott, Suzanne M., additional, Arlehamn, Cecilia S. Lindestam, additional, Murray, Kristy O., additional, Bockenstedt, Linda K., additional, Kerwin, Maggie, additional, Reed, Elaine F., additional, Harris, Eva, additional, Stuart, Ken, additional, Peters, Bjoern, additional, Sesma, Ana, additional, Montgomery, Ruth R., additional, and Sarwal, Minnie M., additional

Published
2023
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9. Longitudinal serum proteomics analyses identify unique and overlapping host response pathways in Lyme disease and West Nile virus infection

Author

Boada, Patrick, primary, Fatou, Benoit, additional, Belperron, Alexia A., additional, Sigdel, Tara K., additional, Smolen, Kinga K., additional, Wurie, Zainab, additional, Levy, Ofer, additional, Ronca, Shannon E., additional, Murray, Kristy O., additional, Liberto, Juliane M., additional, Rashmi, Priyanka, additional, Kerwin, Maggie, additional, Montgomery, Ruth R., additional, Bockenstedt, Linda K., additional, Steen, Hanno, additional, and Sarwal, Minnie M., additional

Published
2022
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13. Contributors

Author

Abramson, Steven, primary, An, KaiNan, additional, Andrade, Felipe, additional, Ardoin, Stacy P., additional, Barton, Anne, additional, Baughman, Robert P., additional, Beaton, Dorcas E., additional, Beere, Helen M., additional, Beltran, Javier, additional, Bending, David, additional, Bennett, Robert M., additional, Bermas, Bonnie L., additional, Bertsias, George, additional, Bhardwaj, Nina, additional, Bijlsma, Johannes W.J., additional, Bockenstedt, Linda K., additional, Boers, Maarten, additional, Boilard, Eric, additional, Boin, Francesco, additional, Boumpas, Dimitrios T., additional, Boyle, David L., additional, Bradley, Sean, additional, Brown, Matthew, additional, Buch, Maya, additional, Buckley, Christopher D., additional, Budd, Ralph C., additional, Burg, Nathalie, additional, Burns, Christopher M., additional, Cannella, Amy C., additional, Carter, John D., additional, Chakravarty, Eliza F., additional, Chakravarty, Soumya D., additional, Chang, Christopher, additional, Cheng, Joseph S., additional, Chiodo, Christopher P., additional, Chung, Sharon, additional, Cleland, Leslie G., additional, Cohen, Stanley, additional, Colbert, Robert A., additional, Cook, Paul P., additional, Craft, Joseph E., additional, Crofford, Leslie J., additional, Cronstein, Bruce N., additional, Crow, Mary K., additional, Crowson, Cynthia S., additional, Culley, Kirsty L., additional, Cunnane, Gaye, additional, Dall'Era, Maria, additional, Darrah, Erika, additional, Davis, John M., additional, Bari, Cosimo De, additional, Dell'Accio, Francesco, additional, Diamond, Betty, additional, Di Cesare, Paul E., additional, Dixit, Rajiv, additional, Drenth, Joost P.H., additional, Dustin, Michael L., additional, El-Gabalawy, Hani S., additional, Elmamoun, Musaab, additional, Erickson, Alan R., additional, Erkan, Doruk, additional, Eyre, Stephen, additional, Fanouriakis, Antonis, additional, Felson, David T., additional, Field, Max, additional, Filer, Andrew, additional, Firestein, Gary S., additional, Fishman, Felicity G., additional, FitzGerald, Oliver, additional, Flaherty, John P., additional, Fors, César E., additional, Fortner, Karen A., additional, Gabriel, Sherine E., additional, Gasque, Philippe, additional, Gershwin, M. Eric, additional, Gladue, Heather S., additional, Goldring, Mary B., additional, Goldring, Steven R., additional, Golightly, Yvonne M., additional, Goodman, Stuart, additional, Gordon, Siamon, additional, Grassi, Walter, additional, Green, Douglas R., additional, Greenspan, Adam, additional, Gregersen, Peter, additional, Grimaldi, Christine, additional, Guilherme, Luiza, additional, Hajj-Ali, Rula A., additional, Haudenschild, Dominik R., additional, Hellmann, David B., additional, Holmdahl, Rikard, additional, Hsu, Joyce J., additional, Huddleston, James I., additional, Hudson, Alan P., additional, Huizinga, Thomas W.J., additional, Hunder, Gene G., additional, Iversen, Maura D., additional, Jacobs, Johannes W.G., additional, Jen, Ho, additional, Jordan, Joanne M., additional, Jorizzo, Joseph L., additional, Kalil, Jorge, additional, Kaufman, Kenton, additional, Kaufman, William S., additional, Kavanaugh, Arthur, additional, Keenan, Robert T., additional, Kenna, Tony, additional, Kerr, Darcy A., additional, Koch, Alisa E., additional, Kono, Dwight H., additional, Korsten, Peter, additional, Krakow, Deborah, additional, Krasnokutsky, Svetlana, additional, Lafeber, Floris P.J.G., additional, Lambert, Robert G.W., additional, Lane, Nancy E., additional, Langford, Carol A., additional, Laskin, Daniel M., additional, Layh-Schmitt, Gerlinde, additional, Lee, Lela A., additional, Lee, Tzielan C., additional, Lockshin, Michael D., additional, Lozada, Carlos J., additional, Lundberg, Ingrid E., additional, Luqmani, Raashid, additional, Luyten, Frank P., additional, Mader, Reuven, additional, Maksymowych, Walter, additional, Markenson, Joseph A., additional, Martin, Scott David, additional, Matteson, Eric L., additional, McGregor, Laura, additional, McInnes, Iain B., additional, McNamara, Elizabeth K., additional, Mikuls, Ted R., additional, Miller, Mark S., additional, Ming, Pedro Azevedo, additional, Moder, Kevin G., additional, Monach, Paul A., additional, Moulton, Vaishali R., additional, Nagaraju, Kanneboyina, additional, Nelson, Amanda E., additional, Nigrovic, Peter A., additional, Nistala, Kiran, additional, O'Dell, James R., additional, Okada, Yasunori, additional, Østergaard, Mikkel, additional, Otero, Miguel, additional, Palmer, Bradley M., additional, Panush, Richard S., additional, Peng, Stanford L., additional, Pillai, Shiv, additional, Pillinger, Michael H., additional, Plüddemann, Annette, additional, Polston, Gregory R., additional, Porcelli, Steven A., additional, Price, Mark D., additional, Reed, Ann M., additional, Reveille, John D., additional, Robinson, Angela B., additional, Robinson, Philip, additional, Robinson, William H., additional, Roosendaal, Goris, additional, Rosen, Antony, additional, Rosenbaum, James T., additional, Rosenberg, Andrew E., additional, Ruderman, Eric M., additional, Saag, Kenneth G., additional, Salmon, Jane E., additional, Sammaritano, Lisa R., additional, Samuels, Jonathan, additional, Sandborg, Christy I., additional, Sawalha, Amr H., additional, Saxena, Amit, additional, Schett, Georg, additional, Schutgens, Roger E.G., additional, Seldin, David C., additional, Shah, Binita, additional, Sikora, Keith A., additional, Simon, Anna, additional, Siraj, Dawd S., additional, Sorkin, Linda S., additional, St. Clair, E. William, additional, Stamp, Lisa K., additional, Stone, John H., additional, Suarez-Fueyo, Abel, additional, Svensson, Camilla I., additional, Sweiss, Nadera J., additional, Swigart, Carrie R., additional, Szekanecz, Zoltán, additional, Tait, Stephen, additional, Tanne, Antoine, additional, Taylor, Peter C., additional, Terkeltaub, Robert, additional, Theofilopoulos, Argyrios N., additional, Thornhill, Thomas S., additional, Torok, Kathryn S., additional, Toth, Michael J., additional, Tozman, Elaine C., additional, Trouw, Leendert A., additional, Tsokos, George C., additional, Tugwell, Peter, additional, Tutuncu, Zuhre, additional, Upadhyaya, Shivam, additional, Van, Annette H.M., additional, van der Linden, Sjef, additional, Van, Jos W.M., additional, Van, Jacob M., additional, Meter, Heather Van, additional, van Vollenhoven, Ronald F., additional, van Vulpen, Lize F.D., additional, Varga, John, additional, Vaseer, Samera, additional, Vasquez-Castellanos, Raul, additional, Veale, Douglas J., additional, Wakefield, Richard J., additional, Wallace, Mark S., additional, Wang, Ruoning, additional, Wang, Tingting, additional, Warshaw, David M., additional, Wedderburn, Lucy R., additional, Werth, Victoria P., additional, Wigley, Fredrick M., additional, Wofsy, David, additional, Wollheim, Frank A., additional, Wondimu, Elisabeth, additional, Wong, Cyrus, additional, Wortmann, Robert L., additional, Yelin, Edward, additional, Zayat, Ahmed, additional, Zou, Yong-Rui, additional, and Zurier, Robert B., additional

Published
2017
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15. Single-cell immunophenotyping of the skin lesion erythema migrans identifies IgM memory B cells

Author

Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemistry, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Jiang, Ruoyi, Meng, Hailong, Raddassi, Khadir, Fleming, Ira, Hoehn, Kenneth B, Dardick, Kenneth R, Belperron, Alexia A, Montgomery, Ruth R, Shalek, Alex K, Hafler, David A, Kleinstein, Steven H, Bockenstedt, Linda K, Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemistry, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Jiang, Ruoyi, Meng, Hailong, Raddassi, Khadir, Fleming, Ira, Hoehn, Kenneth B, Dardick, Kenneth R, Belperron, Alexia A, Montgomery, Ruth R, Shalek, Alex K, Hafler, David A, Kleinstein, Steven H, and Bockenstedt, Linda K

Abstract

The skin lesion erythema migrans (EM) is an initial sign of the Ixodes tick-transmitted Borreliella spirochetal infection known as Lyme disease. T cells and innate immune cells have previously been shown to predominate the EM lesion and promote the reaction. Despite the established importance of B cells and antibodies in preventing infection, the role of B cells in the skin immune response to Borreliella is unknown. Here, we used single-cell RNA-Seq in conjunction with B cell receptor (BCR) sequencing to immunophenotype EM lesions and their associated B cells and BCR repertoires. We found that B cells were more abundant in EM in comparison with autologous uninvolved skin; many were clonally expanded and had circulating relatives. EM-associated B cells upregulated the expression of MHC class II genes and exhibited preferential IgM isotype usage. A subset also exhibited low levels of somatic hypermutation despite a gene expression profile consistent with memory B cells. Our study demonstrates that single-cell gene expression with paired BCR sequencing can be used to interrogate the sparse B cell populations in human skin and reveals that B cells in the skin infection site in early Lyme disease expressed a phenotype consistent with local antigen presentation and antibody production.

Published
2022

24. Spirochete antigens persist near cartilage after murine Lyme borreliosis therapy

Author

Bockenstedt, Linda K., Gonzalez, David G., Haberman, Ann M., and Belperron, Alexia A.

Subjects
Antigens -- Physiological aspects -- Research, Antibiotics -- Health aspects -- Research, Health care industry
Abstract

An enigmatic feature of Lyme disease is the slow resolution of musculoskeletal symptoms that can continue after treatment, with some patients developing an inflammatory arthritis that becomes refractory to antibiotic therapy. Using intravital microscopy and the mouse model of Lyme borreliosis, we observed that Borrelia burgdorferi antigens, but not infectious spirochetes, can remain adjacent to cartilage for extended periods after antibiotic treatment. B. burgdorferi was not recovered by culture or xenodiagnosis with ticks after antibiotic treatment of WT mice and all but one of the immunodeficient mice with heightened pathogen burden due to impaired TLR responsiveness. Amorphous GFP+ deposits were visualized by intravital microscopy in the entheses of antibiotic-treated mice infected with GFP-expressing spirochetes and on the ear cartilage surface in sites where immunofluorescence staining detected spirochete antigens. Naive mice were not infected by tissue transplants from antibiotic-treated mice even though transplants contained spirochete DNA. Tissue homogenates from antibiotic-treated mice induced IgG reactive with B. burgdorferi antigens after immunization of naive mice and stimulated TNF-α production from macrophages in vitro. This is the first direct demonstration that inflammatory B. burgdorferi components can persist near cartilaginous tissue after treatment for Lyme disease. We propose that these deposits could contribute to the development of antibiotic-refractory Lyme arthritis., Introduction Lyme disease is an emerging zoonotic infection caused by the Ixodes tick-transmitted spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi (1). Spirochetes deposited in the skin during tick feeding can cause the localized skin [...]

Published
2012
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28. Single-cell immunophenotyping of the skin lesion erythema migrans identifies IgM memory B cells

Author

Jiang, Ruoyi, primary, Meng, Hailong, additional, Raddassi, Khadir, additional, Fleming, Ira, additional, Hoehn, Kenneth B., additional, Dardick, Kenneth R., additional, Belperron, Alexia A., additional, Montgomery, Ruth R., additional, Shalek, Alex K., additional, Hafler, David A., additional, Kleinstein, Steven H., additional, and Bockenstedt, Linda K., additional

Published
2021
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30. Contributors

Author

Abramson, Steven B., primary, An, Kai-Nan, additional, Andrade, Felipe, additional, Atkinson, John P., additional, Baeten, Dominique, additional, Baughman, Robert P., additional, Beaton, Dorcas E., additional, Bennett, Robert, additional, Benseler, Susanne M., additional, Bertsias, George, additional, Bhardwaj, Nina, additional, Bijlsma, Johannes W.J., additional, Bockenstedt, Linda K., additional, Boers, Maarten, additional, Boin, Francesco, additional, Boumpas, Dimitrios T., additional, Bresnihan, Barry, additional, Brettler, Doreen B., additional, Buckley, Christopher D., additional, Budd, Ralph C., additional, Burns, Christopher M., additional, Cannella, Amy C., additional, Chakravarty, Eliza F., additional, Chang, Christopher, additional, Cheng, Joseph S., additional, Chiodo, Christopher P., additional, Cleland, Leslie G., additional, Clowse, Megan E., additional, Cook, Paul P., additional, Craft, Joseph E., additional, Crofford, Leslie J., additional, Cronstein, Bruce N., additional, Crow, Mary K., additional, Cunnane, Gaye, additional, Cush, John J., additional, Cutolo, Maurizio, additional, Dall'Era, Maria, additional, Dao, Kathryn H., additional, Darrah, Erika, additional, Davis, John M., additional, DeGroot, Jeroen, additional, Devin, Clint, additional, Diamond, Betty, additional, Díaz-González, Federico, additional, Di Cesare, Paul E., additional, Dixit, Rajiv, additional, Drenth, Joost P.H., additional, Dustin, Michael L., additional, El-Gabalawy, Hani S., additional, Elkon, Keith B., additional, Erkan, Doruk, additional, Fanouriakis, Antonios, additional, Field, Max, additional, Filer, Andrew, additional, Firestein, Gary S., additional, Fitzgerald, Oliver, additional, Flaherty, John P., additional, Flanagan, Adrienne M., additional, Fortner, Karen A., additional, Gabriel, Sherine E., additional, Gaston, J.S. Hill, additional, Gay, Steffen, additional, Gershwin, M. Eric, additional, Gibofsky, Allan, additional, Ginsberg, Mark H., additional, Goldring, Mary B., additional, Goldring, Steven R., additional, Golightly, Yvonne M., additional, Goodman, Stuart, additional, Gordon, Siamon, additional, Grassi, Walter, additional, Greenspan, Adam, additional, Gregersen, Peter K., additional, Grimaldi, Christine, additional, Hajj-Ali, Rula A., additional, Harper, Lorraine, additional, Harris, Edward D., additional, Haudenschild, Dominik R., additional, Hellmann, David B., additional, Holmdahl, Rikard, additional, Hsu, Joyce J., additional, Huddleston, James I., additional, Huizinga, Thomas W.J., additional, Hunder, Gene G., additional, Hung, Emily W., additional, Inman, Robert D., additional, Iversen, Maura Daly, additional, Jacobs, Johannes W.G., additional, Jordan, Joanne M., additional, Jorizzo, Joseph L., additional, Kaufman, Kenton R., additional, Kaufman, William S., additional, Kavanaugh, Arthur, additional, Keenan, Robert T., additional, Khan, Shaukat, additional, Koch, Alisa E., additional, Kono, Dwight H., additional, Krakow, Deborah, additional, Lambert, Robert G.W., additional, Landewé, Robert B.M., additional, Lane, Nancy E., additional, Langford, Carol A., additional, Laskin, Daniel M., additional, Laxer, Ronald M., additional, Lee, David M., additional, Lee, Lela A., additional, Lee, Tzielan Chang, additional, Lockshin, Michael D., additional, Lories, Rik, additional, Lozada, Carlos J., additional, Lundberg, Ingrid E., additional, Luqmani, Raashid, additional, Luyten, Frank P., additional, Mader, Reuven, additional, Maksymowych, Walter P., additional, Mandell, Brian, additional, Martin, Scott David, additional, Matteson, Eric L., additional, McGirt, Matthew J., additional, McInnes, Iain B., additional, McNamara, Elizabeth Kaufman, additional, Mikuls, Ted R., additional, Miller, Mark S., additional, Moder, Kevin G., additional, Nagaraju, Kanneboyina, additional, Naides, Stanley J., additional, Nelson, Amanda E., additional, Nigrovic, Peter A., additional, Nistala, Kiran, additional, Nowatzky, Johannes, additional, O'Dell, James R., additional, Okada, Yasunori, additional, Orduño, Nataly Manjarrez, additional, Ospelt, Caroline, additional, Østergaard, Mikkel, additional, Palmer, Bradley M., additional, Panush, Richard S., additional, Peng, Stanford L., additional, Pillinger, Michael H., additional, Polston, Gregory R., additional, Porcelli, Steven A., additional, Price, Mark D., additional, Rasker, Johannes J., additional, Reveille, John D., additional, Roberts, W. Neal, additional, Ronneberger, Monika, additional, Rosen, Antony, additional, Rosenbaum, James T., additional, Rosenberg, Andrew E., additional, Ruderman, Eric M., additional, Ruutu, Merja, additional, Salmon, Jane E., additional, Samuels, Jonathan, additional, Sandborg, Christy I., additional, Savage, Caroline O.S., additional, Saxena, Amit, additional, Scher, Jose U., additional, Schett, Georg, additional, Seldin, David C., additional, Simon, Anna, additional, Siraj, Dawd S., additional, Skinner, Martha, additional, St. Clair, E. William, additional, Stamp, Lisa K., additional, Stone, John H., additional, Straub, Rainer H., additional, Sweeney, Susan E., additional, Sweiss, Nadera J., additional, Swigart, Carrie R., additional, Symmons, Deborah, additional, Szekanecz, Zoltan, additional, Tak, Paul-Peter, additional, Taylor, Peter C., additional, Terkeltaub, Robert, additional, Theofilopoulos, Argyrios N., additional, Thomas, Ranjeny, additional, Thornhill, Thomas S., additional, Torralba, Karina D., additional, Toth, Michael J., additional, Tugwell, Peter, additional, Tutuncu, Zuhre, additional, Upchurch, Katherine S., additional, van der Heijde, Désirée M.F.M., additional, van der Helm-van Mil, Annette H.M., additional, van der Linden, Sjef M., additional, van der Meer, Jos W.M., additional, van Laar, Jacob M., additional, Varga, John, additional, Wallace, Mark S., additional, Warshaw, David M., additional, Wedderburn, Lucy R., additional, Werth, Victoria P., additional, Wigley, Fredrick M., additional, Wise, Christopher M., additional, Wofsy, David, additional, Wolfe, Frederick, additional, Wollheim, Frank A., additional, Wortmann, Robert L., additional, Yelin, Edward, additional, Yu, David, additional, Zabriskie, John B., additional, Zurier, Robert B., additional, and Zuurmond, Anne-Marie, additional

Published
2013
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31. Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America, American Academy of Neurology, and American College of Rheumatology

Author

Lantos, Paul M., primary, Rumbaugh, Jeffrey, additional, Bockenstedt, Linda K., additional, Falck-Ytter, Yngve T., additional, Aguero-Rosenfeld, Maria E., additional, Auwaerter, Paul G., additional, Baldwin, Kelly, additional, Bannuru, Raveendhara R., additional, Belani, Kiran K., additional, Bowie, William R., additional, Branda, John A., additional, Clifford, David B., additional, DiMario, Francis J., additional, Halperin, John J., additional, Krause, Peter J., additional, Lavergne, Valery, additional, Liang, Matthew H., additional, Meissner, H. Cody, additional, Nigrovic, Lise E., additional, Nocton, James (Jay) J., additional, Osani, Mikala C., additional, Pruitt, Amy A., additional, Rips, Jane, additional, Rosenfeld, Lynda E., additional, Savoy, Margot L., additional, Sood, Sunil K., additional, Steere, Allen C., additional, Strle, Franc, additional, Sundel, Robert, additional, Tsao, Jean, additional, Vaysbrot, Elizaveta E., additional, Wormser, Gary P., additional, and Zemel, Lawrence S., additional

Published
2021
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33. Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), American Academy of Neurology (AAN), and American College of Rheumatology (ACR): 2020 Guidelines for the Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Lyme Disease

Author

Lantos, Paul M, primary, Rumbaugh, Jeffrey, additional, Bockenstedt, Linda K, additional, Falck-Ytter, Yngve T, additional, Aguero-Rosenfeld, Maria E, additional, Auwaerter, Paul G, additional, Baldwin, Kelly, additional, Bannuru, Raveendhara R, additional, Belani, Kiran K, additional, Bowie, William R, additional, Branda, John A, additional, Clifford, David B, additional, DiMario, Francis J, additional, Halperin, John J, additional, Krause, Peter J, additional, Lavergne, Valery, additional, Liang, Matthew H, additional, Meissner, H Cody, additional, Nigrovic, Lise E, additional, Nocton, James (Jay) J, additional, Osani, Mikala C, additional, Pruitt, Amy A, additional, Rips, Jane, additional, Rosenfeld, Lynda E, additional, Savoy, Margot L, additional, Sood, Sunil K, additional, Steere, Allen C, additional, Strle, Franc, additional, Sundel, Robert, additional, Tsao, Jean, additional, Vaysbrot, Elizaveta E, additional, Wormser, Gary P, additional, and Zemel, Lawrence S, additional

Published
2020
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34. Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), American Academy of Neurology (AAN), and American College of Rheumatology (ACR): 2020 Guidelines for the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Lyme Disease

Author

Lantos, Paul M., primary, Rumbaugh, Jeffrey, additional, Bockenstedt, Linda K., additional, Falck-Ytter, Yngve T., additional, Aguero-Rosenfeld, Maria E., additional, Auwaerter, Paul G., additional, Baldwin, Kelly, additional, Bannuru, Raveendhara R., additional, Belani, Kiran K., additional, Bowie, William R., additional, Branda, John A., additional, Clifford, David B., additional, DiMario, Francis J., additional, Halperin, John J., additional, Krause, Peter J., additional, Lavergne, Valery, additional, Liang, Matthew H., additional, Cody Meissner, H., additional, Nigrovic, Lise E., additional, Nocton, James (Jay) J., additional, Osani, Mikala C., additional, Pruitt, Amy A., additional, Rips, Jane, additional, Rosenfeld, Lynda E., additional, Savoy, Margot L., additional, Sood, Sunil K., additional, Steere, Allen C., additional, Strle, Franc, additional, Sundel, Robert, additional, Tsao, Jean, additional, Vaysbrot, Elizaveta E., additional, Wormser, Gary P., additional, and Zemel, Lawrence S., additional

Published
2020
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36. Borrelia burgdorferi peptidoglycan is a persistent antigen in patients with Lyme arthritis

Author

Biochemistry, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Jutras, Brandon L., Lochhead, Robert B., Kloos, Zachary A., Biboy, Jacob, Strle, Klemen, Booth, Carmen J., Govers, Sander K., Gray, Joe, Schumann, Peter, Vollmer, Waldemar, Bockenstedt, Linda K., Steere, Allen C., Jacobs-Wagner, Christine, Biochemistry, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Jutras, Brandon L., Lochhead, Robert B., Kloos, Zachary A., Biboy, Jacob, Strle, Klemen, Booth, Carmen J., Govers, Sander K., Gray, Joe, Schumann, Peter, Vollmer, Waldemar, Bockenstedt, Linda K., Steere, Allen C., and Jacobs-Wagner, Christine

Abstract

Lyme disease is a multisystem disorder caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. A common late-stage complication of this disease is oligoarticular arthritis, often involving the knee. In ∼10% of cases, arthritis persists after appropriate antibiotic treatment, leading to a proliferative synovitis typical of chronic inflammatory arthritides. Here, we provide evidence that peptidoglycan (PG), a major component of the B. burgdorferi cell envelope, may contribute to the development and persistence of Lyme arthritis (LA). We show that B. burgdorferi has a chemically atypical PG (PGBb) that is not recycled during cell-wall turnover. Instead, this pathogen sheds PGBb fragments into its environment during growth. Patients with LA mount a specific immunoglobulin G response against PGBb, which is significantly higher in the synovial fluid than in the serum of the same patient. We also detect PGBb in 94% of synovial fluid samples (32 of 34) from patients with LA, many of whom had undergone oral and intravenous antibiotic treatment. These same synovial fluid samples contain proinflammatory cytokines, similar to those produced by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with PGBb. In addition, systemic administration of PGBb in BALB/c mice elicits acute arthritis. Altogether, our study identifies PGBb as a likely contributor to inflammatory responses in LA. Persistence of this antigen in the joint may contribute to synovitis after antibiotics eradicate the pathogen. Furthermore, our finding that B. burgdorferi sheds immunogenic PGBb fragments during growth suggests a potential role for PGBb in the immunopathogenesis of other Lyme disease manifestations.

Published
2019

39. Colaboradores

Author

Abramson, Steven B., Aggarwal, Rohit, Ahn, Christine S., An, KaiNan, Andrade, Felipe, Ardoin, Stacy P., Awisat, Abid, Azevedo, Pedro Ming, Barbar-Smiley, Fatima, Barbhaiya, Medha, Barton, Anne, Baughman, Robert P., Beaton, Dorcas E., Beere, Helen M., Behrens, Edward M., Bermas, Bonnie L., Bertsias, George, Bewtra, Meenakshi, Bhardwaj, Nina, Bingham, Clifton O., III, Bockenstedt, Linda K., Boers, Maarten, Boilard, Eric, Boin, Francesco, Boumpas, Dimitrios T., Bozec, Aline, Broderick, Lori, Brown, Matthew, Buckley, Christopher D., Budd, Ralph C., Burg, Nathalie, Cannella, Amy C., Cappelli, Laura C., Carter, John D., Chan, Andrew C., Chang, Christopher, Cheng, Joseph S., Chiodo, Christopher P., Chung, Sharon A., Cleland, Leslie G., Cohen, Stanley, Colbert, Robert A., Cook, Paul P., Craft, Joseph E., Crofford, Leslie J., Cronstein, Bruce N., Crow, Mary K., Crowson, Cynthia S., Cuccurullo, Sara J., Cunnane, Gaye, Curtis, Jeffrey R., Dalbeth, Nicola, Dall’Era, Maria, Darrah, Erika, Dau, Jonathan, Davis, John M., III, De Bari, Cosimo, Debold, Edward P., Dell’Accio, Francesco, DeMarco, Paul J., Diamond, Betty, Di Cesare, Paul E., di Matteo, Andrea, Dixit, Rajiv, Donohue, Kenneth W., Dvergsten, Jeffrey, El-Gabalawy, Hani S., England, Bryant R., Erkan, Doruk, Eyre, Stephen, Fanouriakis, Antonis, Fearon, Ursula, Filer, Andrew, Fiorentino, David F., Firestein, Gary S., Fischer, Saloumeh K., Fishman, Felicity G., FitzGerald, Oliver, Flaherty, John P., Nieves, Cesar E. Fors, Gabriel, Sherine E., Gallentine, William, Gasque, Philippe, Gensler, Lianne S., Gershwin, M. Eric, Goldring, Mary B., Goldring, Steven R., Golightly, Yvonne M., Goodman, Stuart, Graf, Jonathan, Graham, Gerard, Green, Douglas R., Greenspan, Adam, Grimaldi, Christine, Grüneboom, Anika, Guilherme, Luiza, Guillot, Xavier, Haberman, Rebecca, Hajj-Ali, Rula A., Haudenschild, Dominik R., Hellmann, David B., Hoffman, Hal M., Holers, V. Michael, Holmdahl, Rikard, Hsu, Joyce J., Huddleston, James I., III, Hudson, Alan P., Hunder, Gene G., Itoh, Yoshifumi, Jacobs, Johannes W.G., Jaremko, Jacob L., Jeffries, Matlock A., Jen, Ho, Joki, Jaclyn, Jordan, Martha S., Jorizzo, Joseph L., Kalil, Jorge, Kaufman, Kenton R., Kavanaugh, Arthur, Keenan, Robert T., Kenna, Tony, Kerr, Darcy A., Kissin, Eugene Y., Knight, Rob, Kono, Dwight H., Koretzky, Gary A., Korsten, Peter, Kosty, Jennifer, Krakow, Deborah, Kumar, Deepak, Lachmann, Helen J., Lafeber, Floris P.J.G., Lambert, Robert G.W., Lane, Nancy E., Langford, Carol A., Laskin, Daniel M., Lauvau, Gregoire, Lee, Tzielan C., Leverenz, David L., Loeser, Richard F., Lozada, Carlos J., Luke, Ofure, Lundberg, Ingrid E., Luqmani, Raashid, Luyten, Frank P., Mader, Reuven, Magee, Conor, Maksymowych, Walter P., Manger, Bernhard, Markenson, Joseph A., Martin, Scott David, Matteson, Eric L., Maxwell, Lara, McCarthy, Katharine, McInnes, Iain B., Merkel, Peter A., Mikuls, Ted R., Miller, Mark S., Misra, Devyani, Mobasheri, Ali, Moder, Kevin G., Monach, Paul A., Montgomery, Anna, Moulton, Vaishali R., Mulders-Manders, Catharina M., Muniz, Luciana Ribeiro, Murphy, Louise B., Nagaraju, Kanneboyina, Nasser, Rani, Nelson, Amanda E., Neogi, Tuhina, Nigrovic, Peter A., O’Dell, James R., Ogdie, Alexis, Østergaard, Mikkel, Paley, Michael A., Panush, Richard S., Peng, Stanford L., Perlman, Harris, Pillai, Shiv, Pillinger, Michael H., Polston, Gregory R., Porcelli, Steven A., Price, Mark D., Pulles, Astrid E., Raza, Karim, Reddy, Virginia, Reed, Ann M., Reveille, John D., Rhee, Rennie L., Ritchlin, Christopher T., Robinson, Angela B., Rosen, Antony, Rosenbaum, James T., Rosenberg, Andrew E., Ruderman, Eric M., Saag, Kenneth G., Salmon, Jane E., Sammaritano, Lisa R., Samuels, Jonathan, Sandborg, Christy I., Sangeorzan, Adam P., Santora, Arthur C., II, Sattui, Sebastian E., Sawalha, Amr H., Saxena, Amit, Saxena, Mansi, Scanzello, Carla R., Schett, Georg, Semb, Anne Grete, Shah, Ami A., Shah, Binita, Sharpley, Faye A., Sikora, Keith A., Simon, Anna, Siraj, Dawd S., Sorkin, Linda S., Clair, E. William St., Stamp, Lisa K., Stone, John H., Strowd, Lindsay C., Suarez-Fueyo, Abel, Svensson, Camilla I., Sweiss, Nadera J., Swigart, Carrie R., Szekanecz, Zoltán, Tait, Stephen, Tanner, Stacy, Taylor, Peter C., Taylor, William J., Terkeltaub, Robert, Theofilopoulos, Argyrios N., Thornhill, Thomas S., Toprover, Michael, Torok, Kathryn S., Toth, Michael J., Townsend, Michael J., Tozman, Elaine C., Trouw, Leendert A., Tsokos, George C., Tugwell, Peter, Vabret, Nicolas, van der Goes, Marlies C., van der Linden, Sjef, van der Meer, Jos W.M., van Laar, Jacob M., Van Mater, Heather, van Vollenhoven, Ronald F., van Vulpen, Lize F.D., Varga, John, Vasquez, Raul A., Veale, Douglas J., Wakefield, Richard J., Wallace, Mark S., Wang, Ruoning, Wang, Tingting, Werth, Victoria P., Wigley, Fredrick M., Winter, Deborah R., Wofsy, David, Wong, Cyrus C., Yokoyama, Wayne M., Zamore, Richard, Zayat, Ahmed S., Zou, Yong-Rui, and Zurier, Robert B.

Published
2022
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41. The RpoS Gatekeeper in Borrelia burgdorferi: An Invariant Regulatory Scheme That Promotes Spirochete Persistence in Reservoir Hosts and Niche Diversity

Author

Caimano, Melissa J., primary, Groshong, Ashley M., additional, Belperron, Alexia, additional, Mao, Jialing, additional, Hawley, Kelly L., additional, Luthra, Amit, additional, Graham, Danielle E., additional, Earnhart, Christopher G., additional, Marconi, Richard T., additional, Bockenstedt, Linda K., additional, Blevins, Jon S., additional, and Radolf, Justin D., additional

Published
2019
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45. Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), American Academy of Neurology (AAN), and American College of Rheumatology (ACR): 2020 Guidelines for the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Lyme Disease.

Author

Lantos, Paul M., Rumbaugh, Jeffrey, Bockenstedt, Linda K., Falck‐Ytter, Yngve T., Aguero‐Rosenfeld, Maria E., Auwaerter, Paul G., Baldwin, Kelly, Bannuru, Raveendhara R., Belani, Kiran K., Bowie, William R., Branda, John A., Clifford, David B., DiMario, Francis J., Halperin, John J., Krause, Peter J., Lavergne, Valery, Liang, Matthew H., Cody Meissner, H., Nigrovic, Lise E., and Nocton, James (Jay) J.

Subjects
LYME disease prevention, LYME disease treatment
Abstract

The article presents Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), American Academy of Neurology (AAN), and American College of Rheumatology (ACR) for the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Lyme Disease. It mentions the scope of this guideline includes prevention of Lyme disease, and the diagnosis and treatment of Lyme disease presenting as erythema migrans, Lyme disease complicated by neurologic, cardiac, and rheumatologic manifestations.

Published
2021
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46. Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), American Academy of Neurology (AAN), and American College of Rheumatology (ACR): 2020 Guidelines for the Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Lyme Disease.

Author

Lantos, Paul M, Rumbaugh, Jeffrey, Bockenstedt, Linda K, Falck-Ytter, Yngve T, Aguero-Rosenfeld, Maria E, Auwaerter, Paul G, Baldwin, Kelly, Bannuru, Raveendhara R, Belani, Kiran K, Bowie, William R, Branda, John A, Clifford, David B, DiMario, Francis J, Halperin, John J, Krause, Peter J, Lavergne, Valery, Liang, Matthew H, Meissner, H Cody, Nigrovic, Lise E, and Nocton, James (Jay) J

Subjects
LYME disease diagnosis, LYME disease prevention, LYME disease treatment, COMMUNICABLE diseases, MEDICAL protocols, TICK-borne diseases, MIXED infections
Abstract

This evidence-based clinical practice guideline for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of Lyme disease was developed by a multidisciplinary panel representing the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), the American Academy of Neurology (AAN), and the American College of Rheumatology (ACR). The scope of this guideline includes prevention of Lyme disease, and the diagnosis and treatment of Lyme disease presenting as erythema migrans, Lyme disease complicated by neurologic, cardiac, and rheumatologic manifestations, Eurasian manifestations of Lyme disease, and Lyme disease complicated by coinfection with other tick-borne pathogens. This guideline does not include comprehensive recommendations for babesiosis and tick-borne rickettsial infections, which are published in separate guidelines. The target audience for this guideline includes primary care physicians and specialists caring for this condition such as infectious diseases specialists, emergency physicians, internists, pediatricians, family physicians, neurologists, rheumatologists, cardiologists and dermatologists in North America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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47. What Ticks Do Under Your Skin: Two-Photon Intravital Imaging of Ixodes Scapularis Feeding in the Presence of the Lyme Disease Spirochete

Author

Bockenstedt, Linda K., Gonzalez, David, Mao, Jialing, Li, Ming, Belperron, Alexia A., and Haberman, Ann

Subjects
Mice, Knockout, Nymph, Ixodes scapularis ticks, Lyme Disease, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Microscopy, Confocal, Time Factors, Ixodes, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Feeding Behavior, Focus: Microscopy and Imaging, bacterial infections and mycoses, Host-Parasite Interactions, Tick Infestations, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton, Borrelia burgdorferi, parasitic diseases, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Animals, Arachnid Vectors, two-photon intravital microscopy, Skin
Abstract

Lyme disease, due to infection with the Ixodes-tick transmitted spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, is the most common tick-transmitted disease in the northern hemisphere. Our understanding of the tick-pathogen-vertebrate host interactions that sustain an enzootic cycle for B. burgdorferi is incomplete. In this article, we describe a method for imaging the feeding of Ixodes scapularis nymphs in real-time using two-photon intravital microscopy and show how this technology can be applied to view the response of Lyme borrelia in the skin of an infected host to tick feeding.

Published
2014

48. Contributors

Author

Abinun, Mario, Aggarwal, Amita, Akikusa, Jonathan, Allen, Roger, Alsaeid, Khaled, Avčin, Tadej, Balevic, Stephen, Banwell, Brenda, Barron, Karyl, Barsalou, Julie, Becker, Mara L., Behrens, Edward M., Beresford, Michael W., Beukelman, Timothy, Bockenstedt, Linda K., Brogan, Paul, Brunner, Hermine I., Burns, Jane C., Busch, Robert, Cabral, David A., Canna, Scott W., Choo, Sharon, Cimaz, Rolando, Ciurtin, Coziana, Clinch, Jacqui, Colbert, Robert A., Consolaro, Alessandro, Cooper, Jennifer C., Cron, Randy Q., Davidson, Iris, Dusser, Perrine, Eleftheriou, Despina, Feldman, Brian Michael, Ferguson, Polly J., Foster, Helen Elisabeth, Fuhlbrigge, Robert C., Funk, Ryan S., Gattorno, Marco, Giancane, Gabriella, Griffiths, Anne, Grom, Alexei A., Harel, Liora, Hashkes, Philip J., Hedrich, Christian Michael, Horneff, Gerd, Houghton, Kristin Michelle, Jaeggi, Edgar, Jariwala, Mehul, Jones, Jordan T., Kastner, Daniel L., Kimura, Yukiko, Klein-Gitelman, Marisa S., Koné-Paut, Isabelle, Laxer, Ronald M., Anne LeBlanc, Claire Marie, Li, Suzanne C., Lindsley, Carol B., Martini, Alberto, Mellins, Elizabeth, Morishita, Kimberly A., Muscal, Eyal, Newburger, Jane W., Nigrovic, Peter A., Nott, Kerstin A., O’Neil, Kathleen M., Ombrello, Michael J., Orme, Lisa, Ozen, Seza, Petty, Ross E., Pilkington, Clarissa A., Pope, Elena, Prahalad, Sampath, Prescott, Steven A., Pääkkönen, Markus, Rabinovich, C. Egla, Ramanan, Athimalaipet V., Ravelli, Angelo, Ricciuto, Amanda, Ringold, Sarah, Rosenbaum, James Todd, Rosenberg, Alan M., Rosendahl, Karen, Rosser, Elizabeth C., Rosé, Carlos Daniel, Roth, Johannes, Ruperto, Nicolino, Schulert, Grant, Scott, Christiaan, Sen, Ethan S., Sherry, David D., Silverman, Earl D., Son, Mary Beth F., Sontichai, Watchareewan, Stevens, Anne M., Stinson, Jennifer N., Stoll, Matthew L., Sullivan, Kathleen, Takken, Tim, Torok, Kathryn S., Tse, Shirley M.L., Tucker, Lori, Unger, Sheila, Uziel, Yosef, van der Net, Janjaap, Vastert, Sebastiaan J., Ward, Leanne M., Wedderburn, Lucy R., Weiss, Pamela F., Wouters, Carine Helena, and Zemel, Lawrence

Published
2021
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49. Contributors

Author

Abramson, Steven B., Aggarwal, Rohit, Ahn, Christine S., An, KaiNan, Andrade, Felipe, Ardoin, Stacy P., Awisat, Abid, Azevedo, Pedro Ming, Barbar-Smiley, Fatima, Barbhaiya, Medha, Barton, Anne, Baughman, Robert P., Beaton, BScOT, Dorcas E., Beere, Helen M., Behrens, Edward M., Bermas, Bonnie L., Bertsias, George, Bewtra, Meenakshi, Bhardwaj, Nina, Bingham, Clifton O., III, Bockenstedt, Linda K., Boers, Maarten, Boilard, Eric, Boin, Francesco, Boumpas, Dimitrios T., Bozec, Aline, Broderick, Lori, Brown, Matthew, Buckley, Christopher D., Budd, Ralph C., Burg, Nathalie, Cannella, Amy C., Cappelli, Laura C., Carter, John D., Chan, Andrew C., Chang, Christopher, Cheng, Joseph S., Chiodo, Christopher P., Chung, Sharon A., Cleland, Leslie G., Cohen, Stanley, Colbert, Robert A., Cook, Paul P., Craft, Joseph E., Crofford, Leslie J., Cronstein, Bruce N., Crow, Mary K., Crowson, Cynthia S., Cuccurullo, Sara J., Cunnane, Gaye, Curtis, Jeffrey R., Dalbeth, Nicola, Dall’Era, Maria, Darrah, Erika, Dau, Jonathan, Davis, John M., III, De Bari, Cosimo, Debold, Edward P., Dell’Accio, Francesco, DeMarco, Paul J., Diamond, Betty, Di Cesare, Paul E., di Matteo, Andrea, Dixit, Rajiv, Donohue, Kenneth W., Dvergsten, Jeffrey, El-Gabalawy, Hani S., England, Bryant R., Erkan, Doruk, Eyre, Stephen, Fanouriakis, Antonis, Fearon, Ursula, Filer, Andrew, Fiorentino, David F., Firestein, Gary S., Fischer, Saloumeh K., Fishman, Felicity G., FitzGerald, Oliver, Flaherty, John P., Fors Nieves, Cesar E., Gabriel, Sherine E., Gallentine, William, Gasque, Philippe, Gensler, Lianne S., Gershwin, M. Eric, Goldring, Mary B., Goldring, Steven R., Golightly, Yvonne M., Goodman, Stuart, Graf, Jonathan, Graham, Gerard, Green, Douglas R., Greenspan, Adam, Grimaldi, Christine, Grüneboom, Anika, Guilherme, Luiza, Guillot, Xavier, Haberman, Rebecca, Hajj-Ali, Rula A., Haudenschild, Dominik R., Hellmann, David B., Hoffman, Hal M., Holers, V. Michael, Holmdahl, Rikard, Hsu, Joyce J., Huddleston, James I., III, Hudson, Alan P., Hunder, Gene G., Itoh, Yoshifumi, Jacobs, Johannes W.G., Jaremko, Jacob L., Jeffries, Matlock A., Jen, Ho, Joki, Jaclyn, Jordan, Martha S., Jorizzo, Joseph L., Kalil, Jorge, Kaufman, Kenton R., Kavanaugh, Arthur, Keenan, Robert T., Kenna, Tony, Kerr, Darcy A., Kissin, Eugene Y., Knight, Rob, Kono, Dwight H., Koretzky, Gary A., Korsten, Peter, Kosty, Jennifer, Krakow, Deborah, Kumar, Deepak, Lachmann, Helen J., Lafeber, Floris P.J.G., Lambert, Robert G.W., Lane, Nancy E., Langford, Carol A., Laskin, Daniel M., Lauvau, Gregoire, Lee, Tzielan C., Leverenz, David L., Loeser, Richard F., Lozada, Carlos J., Luke, Ofure, Lundberg, Ingrid E., Luqmani, Raashid, Luyten, Frank P., Mader, Reuven, Magee, Conor, Maksymowych, Walter P., Manger, Bernhard, Markenson, Joseph A., Martin, Scott David, Matteson, Eric L., Maxwell, Lara, McCarthy, Katharine, McInnes, Iain B., Merkel, Peter A., Mikuls, Ted R., Miller, Mark S., Misra, Devyani, Mobasheri, Ali, Moder, Kevin G., Monach, Paul A., Montgomery, Anna, Moulton, Vaishali R., Mulders-Manders, Catharina M., Muniz, Luciana Ribeiro, Murphy, Louise B., Nagaraju, Kanneboyina, Nasser, Rani, Nelson, Amanda E., Neogi, Tuhina, Nigrovic, Peter A., O’Dell, James R., Ogdie, Alexis, Østergaard, Mikkel, Paley, Michael A., Panush, Richard S., Peng, Stanford L., Perlman, Harris, Pillai, Shiv, Pillinger, Michael H., Polston, Gregory R., Porcelli, Steven A., Price, Mark D., Pulles, Astrid E., Raza, Karim, Reddy, Virginia, Reed, Ann M., Reveille, John D., Rhee, Rennie L., Ritchlin, Christopher T., Robinson, Angela B., Rosen, Antony, Rosenbaum, James T., Rosenberg, Andrew E., Ruderman, Eric M., Saag, Kenneth G., Salmon, Jane E., Sammaritano, Lisa R., Samuels, Jonathan, Sandborg, Christy I., Sangeorzan, Adam P., Santora, Arthur C., II, Sattui, Sebastian E., Sawalha, Amr H., Saxena, Amit, Saxena, Mansi, Scanzello, Carla R., Schett, Georg, Semb, Anne Grete, Shah, Ami A., Shah, Binita, Sharpley, Faye A., Sikora, Keith A., Simon, Anna, Siraj, Dawd S., Sorkin, Linda S., St. Clair, E. William, Stamp, Lisa K., Stone, John H., Strowd, Lindsay C., Suarez-Fueyo, Abel, Svensson, Camilla I., Sweiss, Nadera J., Swigart, Carrie R., Szekanecz, Zoltán, Tait, Stephen, Tanner, Stacy, Taylor, Peter C., Taylor, William J., Terkeltaub, Robert, Theofilopoulos, Argyrios N., Thornhill, Thomas S., Toprover, Michael, Torok, Kathryn S., Toth, Michael J., Townsend, Michael J., Tozman, Elaine C., Trouw, Leendert A., Tsokos, George C., Tugwell, Peter, Vabret, Nicolas, van der Goes, Marlies C., van der Linden, Sjef, van der Meer, Jos W.M., van Laar, Jacob M., Van Mater, Heather, van Vollenhoven, Ronald F., van Vulpen, Lize F.D., Varga, John, Vasquez, Raul A., Veale, Douglas J., Wakefield, Richard J., Wallace, Mark S., Wang, Ruoning, Wang, Tingting, Werth, Victoria P., Wigley, Fredrick M., Winter, Deborah R., Wofsy, David, Wong, Cyrus C., Yokoyama, Wayne M., Zamore, Richard, Zayat, Ahmed S., Zou, Yong-Rui, and Zurier, Robert B.

Published
2021
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